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Wu B, Xiong G, Zhang P, Ma X. Effects of tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking on the mental health status of urban older people living alone: the mediating role of social participation and the moderating role of the exercise environment. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1294019. [PMID: 38389938 PMCID: PMC10881673 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1294019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the global trend of aging, lacking of interpersonal communication and spiritual support and companionship have had a great impact on the mental health of older people living alone. This study examines the multifaceted impacts of engaging in tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking on the mental wellbeing of older people residing alone in urban areas. Additionally, this research aims to explore the association between tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking, and the mental health status of urban older people living alone, by considering the mediating influence of social participation and the moderating influence of the exercise environment. To do so, 1,027 older people living alone in six Chinese cities were investigated using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Geriatric Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Social Participation Indicator System Scale, and the Exercise Environment Scale. SPSS 25.0 was utilized for conducting mathematical statistical analysis, specifically for doing linear regression analysis. Additionally, AMOS was employed to develop the study model. We found that a significant negative correlation between tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking and mental health status; among these, tai chi had the greatest impact on the mental health status of urban older people living alone. Social participation mediated the relationship between tai chi, ba duan jin, walking, and mental health status, and the exercise environment had a moderating effect on this relationship. The findings of this study indicate that tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking have a positive impact on the mental health of urban older people living alone, which can be influenced by the mediating efficacy of social participation and the moderating effect of the exercise environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Wu
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyan Xiong
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujie Ma
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Guoshu Academy, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
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James DL, Larkey LK, Evans B, Sebren A, Goldsmith K, Ahlich E, Hawley NA, Kechter A, Sears DD. Mechanisms of improved body composition among perimenopausal women practicing Meditative Movement: a proposed biobehavioral model. Menopause 2023; 30:1114-1123. [PMID: 37788427 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weight gain and unfavorable body composition are prevalent among midlife/older women throughout menopause. These shifts may negatively impact health, well-being, and longevity. Efforts to attenuate weight and body composition changes are traditionally driven by manipulation of diet and/or exercise; however, sustained results are limited, possibly because the full spectrum of biobehavioral systems is not addressed by diet and exercise alone. We propose a biobehavioral model detailing mechanisms of body composition decline among perimenopausal women and the associated components of Meditative Movement (ie, tai chi, qigong, yoga) that address each of these factors. METHODS Based on our previous work and extensive review of the literature, we developed a multifactorial and multidimensional biobehavioral model including factors that most directly relate to body composition among perimenopausal women: 1) psychological (ie, stress and mood, mindfulness and self-compassion, body awareness), 2) behavioral (ie, sleep, physical activity, eating behaviors), and 3) physiological (ie, cortisol, estrogen). Relationships between each factor, Meditative Movement practice components, and predicted effects on body composition were explored in detail. RESULTS Our model describes select psychological, behavioral, and physiological factors, and potential mechanistic pathways of Meditative Movement practice driving improved changes in body composition and weight outcomes for perimenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model details a novel, evidence-supported means to reduce the risk of deleterious shifts in body composition throughout perimenopause and menopause thereafter. We suggest that these changes may occur directly and/or indirectly through psychological, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that facilitate the desired changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda K Larkey
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Bronwynne Evans
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ann Sebren
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimberley Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Nanako A Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | | | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Hansell AK, Olmstead R, López Maya E, Banijamali S. Stress reduction for paid home care aides: A feasibility study of mindfulness meditation and Tai Chi interventions. Home Health Care Serv Q 2023; 42:328-346. [PMID: 37194733 DOI: 10.1080/01621424.2023.2214087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of effective self-care strategies to support Home Care Aides' (HCAs) mental health is limited. This study compares the feasibility of implementing one of two non-clinical, evidence-based stress-reduction treatments: mindful awareness practices (MAPs) meditation versus Korean-style Tai Chi. Program effectiveness was assessed on a range of self-reported health and mental health quantitative outcomes at three time-points. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in depression, insomnia, and negative affect during the six weeks (all p. <0.05), but only the MAPs group demonstrated a sustained improvement in negative affect at three-month follow-up (p. <0.05). At three-month follow-up, 55% of Tai Chi participants continued practicing learned techniques, compared to 75% of MAPs participants. MAPs were found to be more practical and amenable to integration in daily life compared to Tai Chi. Showing positive results on both feasibility and effectiveness assessment, MAPs were chosen over Tai Chi to be scaled as a benefit to HCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Hansell
- Research Insights and Innovations, Senior Program Manager of Population Health and Safety SEIU 775 Benefits Group, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Research Psychologist Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric López Maya
- Director General, Instituto Mexicano de Mindfulness & Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sahar Banijamali
- Department is Research Insights and Innovations, Director of Research Insights and Innovations SEIU 775 Benefits Group 215 Columbia St #300, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sani NA, Yusoff SSM, Norhayati MN, Zainudin AM. Tai Chi Exercise for Mental and Physical Well-Being in Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2828. [PMID: 36833525 PMCID: PMC9957102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tai Chi is a mindfulness-body practice that has physiological and psychosocial benefits and can be integrated into the prevention and rehabilitation of various medical conditions; however, the effectiveness of Tai Chi in the treatment of depression remains unclear. This review aimed to determine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on mental and physical well-being in patients with depressive symptoms. We searched databases for English language publications that appeared during January 2000-2022. The included trials were RCTs that involved people with depression with no other medical conditions, and included both adolescent and adult samples. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and the heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistics. The quality of each trial was assessed according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The eight trials were divided into two comparisons: (1) a combination of Tai Chi and antidepressants versus standard antidepressants; (2) Tai Chi versus no intervention. The Tai Chi intervention showed improvements in mental and physical well-being as evidenced by the reductions in depression and anxiety and improved quality of life (QOL) of the patients with depressive symptoms. Further well-controlled RCTs are recommended with a precision trial design and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norliyana Abdullah Sani
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Norhayati
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Maziha Zainudin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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薛 晨, 李 雨, 钟 冬, 李 涓, 郑 重, 金 荣. [Research progress of effect of Tai Chi on cognitive function in the elderly based on neuroelectrophysiological techniques and brain imaging techniques]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:826-832. [PMID: 36008347 PMCID: PMC10957349 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prominence of population aging, the cognitive decline of the elderly has gradually become a hotspot of clinical research. As a traditional rehabilitation exercise, Tai Chi has been proved to have a positive effect on improving cognitive function and delaying cognitive decline in the elderly. However, the related brain function mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, we collected studies which observed the changes of Tai Chi on brain regions related to cognitive function in the elderly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We summarized relevant studies from perspective of structural and functional changes in the brain. The results showed that Tai Chi may delay and improve cognitive decline in the elderly by reshaping the structure and function of brain regions related to cognitive function such as memory, attention and execution. The effect of Tai Chi for cognitive function may be associated with positive regulation of cardiovascular function, emotion and meditation level of the elderly. In addition, the improvement of cognitive function further enhances the balance of the elderly. We also found that practice time, frequency and intensity of Tai Chi could be factors influencing the improvement of cognitive function and brain function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晨 薛
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
- 四川大学华西医院 神经生物检测中心(成都 610041)Center for Neurobiological Detection, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 雨谿 李
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - 冬灵 钟
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - 涓 李
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - 重 郑
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - 荣疆 金
- 成都中医药大学 养生康复学院(成都 610075)Institution of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
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Yang G, Li W, Klupp N, Cao H, Liu J, Bensoussan A, Kiat H, Karamacoska D, Chang D. Does tai chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 34983493 PMCID: PMC8725570 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological risk factors have been recognised as potential, modifiable risk factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Tai Chi, a mind-body exercise, has the potential to improve psychological well-being and quality of life. We aim to assess the effects and safety of Tai Chi on psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating Tai Chi for psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors, from major English and Chinese databases until 30 July 2021. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Review Manager software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 37 studies (38 reports) involving 3525 participants in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor. Positive effects of Tai Chi on stress, self-efficacy, and mood were found in several individual studies. Meta-analyses demonstrated favourable effects of Tai Chi plus usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD - 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 2.55, - 1.70, 3 studies, I2 = 60%) and depression (SMD -0.86, 95% CI: - 1.35, - 0.37, 6 studies, I2 = 88%), and improving mental health (MD 7.86, 95% CI: 5.20, 10.52, 11 studies, I2 = 71%) and bodily pain (MD 6.76, 95% CI: 4.13, 9.39, 11 studies, I2 = 75%) domains of the 36-Item Short Form Survey (scale from 0 to 100), compared with usual care alone. Tai Chi did not increase adverse events (RR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.20, 5 RCTs, I2 = 0%), compared with control group. However, less than 30% of included studies reported safety information. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi seems to be beneficial in the management of anxiety, depression, and quality of life, and safe to practice in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Monitoring and reporting of safety information are highly recommended for future research. More well-designed studies are warranted to determine the effects and safety of Tai Chi on psychological well-being and quality of life in this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42016042905. Registered on 26 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Yang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610036, Sichuan, China
| | - Nerida Klupp
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2122, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Xie H, Tang Y, Cheng F, Chu J. The efficacy of combined music therapy and Tai Chi for major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25241. [PMID: 33761717 PMCID: PMC9281998 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of combined music and Tai Chi therapy for patients with major depression. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi and music therapy on psychological status and quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder in China. METHODS This work is a part of a comprehensive research project to assess and provide intervention that potentially improves psychological status and quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder. This research project has been received ethical approval from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee in Taizhou Second People's Hospital (no. tzey2020023). After the introductory briefing, the acceptance to take the presession questionnaire implied the participant's consent to participate in the study. Eligible participants are divided into 3 groups according to completely randomized design: combined group (music therapy + Tai Chi), music therapy alone group, and Tai Chi alone group. The analyses will be performed using SPSS 22.0.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). RESULTS This protocol will provide a reliable theoretical basis for the following research. CONCLUSION The sample came from a single health center. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized for the entire population. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6597).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiping Tang
- Department of Psychology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study will explore the effect of Tai Chi on psychological disorder (PD) in college students (CS). METHODS A comprehensive literature search of relevant randomized controlled trials will be carried out in electronic databases from inception to the February 29, 2020: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. There are not limitations related to the language and publication time. Study quality will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence quality will be appraised by the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach. RevMan 5.3 software will be exploited to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS The protocol of this proposed study will investigate the effect of Tai Chi on PD in CS. CONCLUSION The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence for clinical practice, and health related policy maker to develop a better intervention plan for PD in CS. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202040140.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
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Ren R, Tang G, Tang C, Zhang J, Xiao X, Zhang Q. The Tai Chi training for middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20242. [PMID: 32443360 PMCID: PMC7254839 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disabling joint disease with an increasingly prevalence among the older individuals. Tai Chi, one of the ancient meditative movements, has been recognized to have clinical benefits for KOA. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi for patients with KOA through this systematic review. METHODS Five English databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL), 4 Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang), and 5 clinical trial registration databases (ClinicalTrials.gov, ANZCTR, EU-CTR, ChiCTR, and ICTRP) will be searched from establishment of the database until November 31, 2019. Grey literature will be searched in SIGLE, Grey Net, Microsoft Academic, Google Scholar, Open Aire, World Wide Science.org, and WorldCat. There will be no restrictions on language. The randomized controlled trials of Tai Chi training for patients with KOA will be included. The primary outcome will be assessed according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Meta-analysis will be conducted with the use of RevMan 5.3. The specific process will refer to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 for Systematic Review. RESULTS High-quality synthesis of current evidence on the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi training for KOA will be provided in this study. CONCLUSION This systematic review aims to present evidence for whether Tai Chi training is an effective intervention which can improve both physical condition and life quality in patients suffering KOA.
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Influence of Tai Chi on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Among Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy. J Holist Nurs 2019; 37:364-5. [PMID: 31722644 DOI: 10.1177/0898010119890389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM. Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Benefits of Exercise, Yoga, and Meditation. Am Fam Physician 2019; 99:620-627. [PMID: 31083878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many people with depression or anxiety turn to nonpharmacologic and nonconventional interventions, including exercise, yoga, meditation, tai chi, or qi gong. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown that these interventions can improve symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. As an adjunctive treatment, exercise seems most helpful for treatment-resistant depression, unipolar depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Yoga as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy shows positive effects, particularly for depression. As an adjunctive therapy, it facilitates treatment of anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder. Tai chi and qi gong may be helpful as adjunctive therapies for depression, but effects are inconsistent. As monotherapy or an adjunctive therapy, mindfulness-based meditation has positive effects on depression, and its effects can last for six months or more. Although positive findings are less common in people with anxiety disorders, the evidence supports adjunctive use. There are no apparent negative effects of mindfulness-based interventions, and their general health benefits justify their use as adjunctive therapy for patients with depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy Atezaz Saeed
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard M Bloch
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
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Port AP, Santaella DF, Lacerda SS, Speciali DS, Balardin JB, Lopes PB, Afonso RF, Radvany J, Amaro E, Kozasa EH. Cognition and brain function in elderly Tai Chi practitioners: A case-control study. Explore (NY) 2018; 14:352-356. [PMID: 30122327 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cognition and brain function in elderly Tai Chi and Water Aerobics practitioners. METHODS Eight Tai Chi (TC) and 8 Water Aerobics (WA) practitioners matched by gender, education and age underwent neuropsychological and fMRI scan during attention (Stroop Word Color Task) and working memory (N Back) tasks. RESULTS Groups were similar for demographic and cognitive variables. Besides anxiety (smaller in TC group), there were no differences between groups in neuropsychological variables. During the Stroop Word Color Task, TC group had smaller brain activation in the right intracalcarine cortex, lateral occipital cortex, and occipital pole, than WA. During N back, TC group presented smaller brain activation in the right frontal pole and superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION Despite the small number of participants in this preliminary study, both groups had similar cognitive performance, however the Tai Chi group required less brain activation to perform the attention and memory tasks, therefore they may have a more efficient cognitive performance than Water Aerobics group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Port
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo F Santaella
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sports Center of Universidade de São Paulo (CEPEUSP), Praça Prof. Rubião Meira, 61 - CEP 05508-110, Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Shirley S Lacerda
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielli S Speciali
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joana B Balardin
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila B Lopes
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui F Afonso
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Radvany
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa H Kozasa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - bloco A - 2(o)ss - CEP 05601-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Yang G, Li W, Cao H, Klupp N, Liu J, Bensoussan A, Kiat H, Chang D. Does Tai Chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014507. [PMID: 28821509 PMCID: PMC5724100 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Psychological risk factors such as stress, anxiety and depression are known to play a significant and independent role in the development and progression of CVD and its risk factors. Tai Chi has been reported to be potentially effective for health and well-being. It is of value to assess the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi on psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include all relevant randomised controlled trials on Tai Chi for stress, anxiety, depression, psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors. Literature searching will be conducted until 31 December 2016 from major English and Chinese databases. Two authors will conduct data selection and extraction independently. Quality assessment will be conducted using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. We will conduct data analysis using Cochrane's RevMan software. Forest plots and summary of findings tables will illustrate the results from a meta-analysis if sufficient studies are identified. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required as this study will not involve patients. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication, to inform both clinical practice and further research on Tai Chi and CVDs. DISCUSSION This review will summarise the evidence on Tai Chi for psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and their risk factors. We anticipate that the results of this review would be useful for healthcare professionals and researchers on Tai Chi and CVDs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42016042905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Yang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nerida Klupp
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jianping Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Carlson LE, Zelinski EL, Speca M, Balneaves LG, Jones JM, Santa Mina D, Wayne PM, Campbell TS, Giese-Davis J, Faris P, Zwicker J, Patel K, Beattie TL, Cole S, Toivonen K, Nation J, Peng P, Thong B, Wong R, Vohra S. Protocol for the MATCH study (Mindfulness and Tai Chi for cancer health): A preference-based multi-site randomized comparative effectiveness trial (CET) of Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) vs. Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) for cancer survivors. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 59:64-76. [PMID: 28576734 PMCID: PMC5639905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing number of cancer survivors suffer high levels of distress, depression and stress, as well as sleep disturbance, pain and fatigue. Two different mind-body interventions helpful for treating these problems are Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) and Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ). However, while both interventions show efficacy compared to usual care, they have never been evaluated in the same study or directly compared. This study will be the first to incorporate innovative design features including patient choice while evaluating two interventions to treat distressed cancer survivors. It will also allow for secondary analyses of which program best targets specific symptoms in particular groups of survivors, based on preferences and baseline characteristics. METHODS AND SIGNIFICANCE The design is a preference-based multi-site randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Participants (N=600) with a preference for either MBCR or TCQ will receive their preferred intervention; while those without a preference will be randomized into either intervention. Further, within the preference and non-preference groups, participants will be randomized into immediate intervention or wait-list control. Total mood disturbance on the Profile of mood states (POMS) post-intervention is the primary outcome. Other measures taken pre- and post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up include quality of life, psychological functioning, cancer-related symptoms and physical functioning. Exploratory analyses investigate biomarkers (cortisol, cytokines, blood pressure/Heart Rate Variability, telomere length, gene expression), which may uncover potentially important effects on key biological regulatory and antineoplastic functions. Health economic measures will determine potential savings to the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Carlson
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada.
| | - Erin L Zelinski
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Speca
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Lynda G Balneaves
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jones
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tavis S Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Janine Giese-Davis
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Faris
- Centre for Advancement of Health, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zwicker
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kamala Patel
- Department of Immunology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tara L Beattie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsti Toivonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jill Nation
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Thong
- Department of Athletics and Recreation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raimond Wong
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Integrative Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Chan AWK, Yu DSF, Choi KC. Effects of tai chi qigong on psychosocial well-being among hidden elderly, using elderly neighborhood volunteer approach: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:85-96. [PMID: 28115837 PMCID: PMC5221552 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a tai chi qigong program with the assistance of elderly neighborhood volunteers in strengthening social networks and enhancing the psychosocial well-being of hidden elderly. PATIENTS AND METHODS "Hidden elderly" is a term used to describe older adults who are socially isolated and refuse social participation. This pilot randomized controlled trial recruited 48 older adults aged 60 or above who did not engage in any social activity. They were randomized into tai chi qigong (n=24) and standard care control (n=24) groups. The former group underwent a three-month program of two 60-minute sessions each week, with the socially active volunteers paired up with them during practice. Standard care included regular home visits by social workers. Primary outcomes were assessed by means of the Lubben social network and De Jong Gieveld loneliness scales, and by a revised social support questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were covered by a mental health inventory and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and quality of life by using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Data was collected at baseline, and at three and six months thereafter. RESULTS The generalized estimating equations model revealed general improvement in outcomes among participants on the tai chi qigong program. In particular, participants reported a significantly greater improvement on the loneliness scale (B=-1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.54 to -0.11, P=0.033) and the satisfaction component of the social support questionnaire (B=3.43, 95% CI 0.10-6.76, P=0.044) than the control group. CONCLUSION The pilot study confirmed that tai chi qigong with elderly neighborhood volunteers is a safe and feasible social intervention for hidden elderly. Its potential benefits in improving social and psychological health suggest the need for a full-scale randomized controlled trial to reveal its empirical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen WK Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Doris SF Yu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - KC Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
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Siu JY. Coping with future epidemics: Tai chi practice as an overcoming strategy used by survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in post-SARS Hong Kong. Health Expect 2016; 19:762-72. [PMID: 25220505 PMCID: PMC5055248 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although SARS had been with a controversial topic for a decade at the time of this study, numerous SARS survivors had not yet physically, psychologically or socially recovered from the aftermath of SARS. Among chronically ill patients, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is reported to be widespread. However, extremely little is known about the use of CAM by SARS survivors in the post-SARS period and even less is known about how the use of CAM is related to the unpleasant social and medical-treatment experiences of SARS survivors, their eagerness to re-establish social networks, and their awareness to prepare for future epidemics. OBJECTIVE To investigate the motivations for practising tai chi among SARS survivors in post-SARS Hong Kong. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Using a qualitative approach, I conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 35 SARS survivors, who were purposively sampled from a tai chi class of a SARS-patient self-help group in Hong Kong. RESULTS Health concerns and social experiences motivated the participants to practise tai chi in post-SARS Hong Kong. Experiencing health deterioration in relation to SARS-associated sequelae, coping with unpleasant experiences during follow-up biomedical treatments, a desire to regain an active role in recovery and rehabilitation, overcoming SARS-associated stigmas by establishing a new social network and preparing for potential future stigmatization and discrimination were the key motivators for them. CONCLUSION The participants practised tai chi not only because they sought to improve their health but also because it provided a crucial social function and meaning to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuen‐man Siu
- Department of Applied Social SciencesFaculty of Health and Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong
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17
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Hsu CY, Moyle W, Cooke M, Jones C. Seated Tai Chi versus usual activities in older people using wheelchairs: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2015; 24:1-6. [PMID: 26860794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare the effect of seated Tai Chi exercise (intervention) to usual activities on quality of life and depression symptoms in older people using wheelchairs. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING One long-term care facility in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS 86 long-term care residents were screened; 60 were eligible and randomized to Tai Chi group (n=30), or usual activity (n=30). INTERVENTION One certified trainer provided the intervention group with 40min of seated Tai Chi exercise, three times a week for 26 weeks. Trial registration ACTRN12613000029796. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quality of Life (WHOQOL (BREF)); depression symptoms (GDS-SF) RESULTS: Participants in the Tai Chi group (M=3.76, SD=3.65) recorded significantly lower GDS-SF scores than participants in the control (M=7.76, SD=5.15) and the Tai Chi group registered significantly higher scores across overall QOL [p=0.03], general health [p=0.04], and the associated domains: physical health [p=0.00], psychological health [p=0.02], social relations [p=0.00], and environment [p=0.00]. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of Tai Chi in improving QOL and depression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Hsu
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Nursing, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Marie Cooke
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Cindy Jones
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
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Lehert P, Villaseca P, Hogervorst E, Maki PM, Henderson VW. Individually modifiable risk factors to ameliorate cognitive aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Climacteric 2015; 18:678-89. [PMID: 26361790 PMCID: PMC5199766 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1078106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of health and lifestyle factors are thought to contribute to cognitive decline associated with age but cannot be easily modified by the individual patient. We identified 12 individually modifiable interventions that can be implemented during midlife or later with the potential to ameliorate cognitive aging. For ten of these, we used PubMed databases for a systematic review of long-duration (at least 6 months), randomized, controlled trials in midlife and older adults without dementia or mild cognitive impairment with objective measures of neuropsychological performance. Using network meta-analysis, we performed a quantitative synthesis for global cognition (primary outcome) and episodic memory (secondary outcome). Of 1038 publications identified by our search strategy, 24 eligible trials were included in the network meta-analysis. Results suggested that the Mediterranean diet supplemented by olive oil and tai chi exercise may improve global cognition, and the Mediterranean diet plus olive oil and soy isoflavone supplements may improve memory. Effect sizes were no more than small (standardized mean differences 0.11-0.22). Cognitive training may have cognitive benefit as well. Most individually modifiable risk factors have not yet been adequately studied. We conclude that some interventions that can be self-initiated by healthy midlife and older adults may ameliorate cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lehert
- a Faculty of Economics, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL Mons) , Mons , Belgium and Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - P Villaseca
- b * Department of Endocrinology , Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - E Hogervorst
- c Applied Cognitive Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - P M Maki
- d Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois ; USA
| | - V W Henderson
- e Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA
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Ho RTH, Wan AHY, Au-Yeung FSW, Lo PHY, Siu PJCY, Wong CPK, Ng WYH, Cheung IKM, Ng SM, Chan CLW, Chen EYH. The psychophysiological effects of Tai-chi and exercise in residential schizophrenic patients: a 3-arm randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:364. [PMID: 25262346 PMCID: PMC4189583 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia are characterized by high prevalence rates and chronicity that often leads to long-term institutionalization. Under the traditional medical model, treatment usually emphasizes the management of psychotic symptoms through medication, even though anti-psychotic drugs are associated with severe side effects, which can diminish patients' physical and psychological well-being. Tai-chi, a mind-body exercise rooted in Eastern health philosophy, emphasizes the motor coordination and relaxation. With these potential benefits, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is planned to investigate the effects of Tai-chi intervention on the cognitive and motor deficits characteristic of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS/DESIGN A 3-arm RCT with waitlist control design will be used in this study. One hundred and fifty three participants will be randomized into (i) Tai-chi, (ii) exercise or (iii) waitlist control groups. Participants in both the Tai-chi and exercise groups will receive 12-weeks of specific intervention, in addition to the standard medication and care received by the waitlist control group. The exercise group will serve as a comparison, to delineate any unique benefits of Tai-chi that are independent of moderate aerobic exercise. All three groups will undergo three assessment phases: (i) at baseline, (ii) at 12 weeks (post-intervention), and (iii) at 24 weeks (maintenance). All participants will be assessed in terms of symptom management, motor coordination, memory, daily living function, and stress levels based on self-perceived responses and a physiological marker. DISCUSSION Based on a promising pilot study conducted prior to this RCT, subjects in the Tai-chi intervention group are expected to be protected against deterioration of motor coordination and interpersonal functioning. They are also expected to have better symptoms management and lower stress level than the other treatment groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trail has been registered in the Clinical Trials Center of the University of Hong Kong (HKCTR-1453).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow Tin Hung Ho
- />Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, The Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adrian Ho Yin Wan
- />Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, The Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, China
| | - Friendly So Wah Au-Yeung
- />The Providence Garden for Rehab, Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council Limited, No. 82, Tsun Wen Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Phyllis Hau Yan Lo
- />Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
| | - Pantha Joey Chung Yue Siu
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, The Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy Pui Ki Wong
- />The Providence Garden for Rehab, Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council Limited, No. 82, Tsun Wen Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Yuen Han Ng
- />The Providence Garden for Rehab, Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council Limited, No. 82, Tsun Wen Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Irene Kit Man Cheung
- />Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Man Ng
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, The Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cecilia Lai Wan Chan
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, The Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- />Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Siddarth D, Siddarth P, Lavretsky H. An observational study of the health benefits of yoga or tai chi compared with aerobic exercise in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:272-3. [PMID: 23642461 PMCID: PMC3883795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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Lo CMH, Lee PH. Feasibility and effects of TAI CHI for the promotion of sleep quality and quality of life: a single-group study in a sample of older Chinese individuals in Hong Kong. J Gerontol Nurs 2013; 40:46-52. [PMID: 24219076 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20131028-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep in later life is a global issue that reduces many individuals' quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and effects of a simplified tai chi exercise intervention on sleep quality and QOL among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with poor sleep quality. This single-group, descriptive feasibility study included 34 individuals with poor sleep quality who agreed to participate in a 12-week tai chi intervention. Twenty-six individuals completed the program (23.5% dropout rate). Older adults with poor sleep quality who completed the intervention showed significant improvement in the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 mental component and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global and component scores. The low recruitment and attendance and high dropout rates might be associated with participants' age, gender, and sleep quality. Further long-term studies are required to examine the potential effects of the tai chi intervention. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40(3), 46-52.].
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Galantino ML, Callens ML, Cardena GJ, Piela NL, Mao JJ. Tai chi for well-being of breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias: a feasibility study. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 19:38-44. [PMID: 24254037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Arthralgia is common and debilitating for a significant proportion of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) and leads to poor adherence to aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Despite increased recognition of the negative impact of arthralgia on function and the poor adherence that results, very few interventions have been developed to target this side effect. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the feasibility of tai chi to improve well-being for women experiencing AI-associated arthralgias (AIAAs). DESIGN The study was a pilot to (1) demonstrate the feasibility of recruitment and retention for a tai chi trial, (2) determine the safety of tai chi, and (3) identify the outcomes (function, pain, and quality of life[QOL]) that tai chi may impact. SETTING The study took place at the Gilda's Club South Jersey in Linwood, NJ, USA. PARTICIPANTS Postmenopausal women with a history of stage I-III breast cancer reporting AIAA were enrolled. INTERVENTION Group tai chi was practiced for 1 h 2 ×/wk for 8 wks. OUTCOME MEASURES Functional outcomes included (1) sit-and-reach (SR), (2) functional reach (FR), (3) the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and (4) timed up-and-go (TUG). The following patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated pre- and postintervention: (1) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), (2) the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), (3) the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), (4) the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), (5) the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT-GOG-Ntx), and (6) the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy- Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Participants also recorded their tai chi experiences in a journal. RESULTS For the 12 participants, adherence to the classes was 75%, with no adverse events reported. Participants experienced significant improvement from baseline to follow-up for the HADS anxiety (P = .003) and depression (P = .020) scales, the emotional well-being scale of the FACT-B (P = .027), the FACIT-Fatigue (P = .030), and the sit-and-teach test (P = .016). The BBS (P = .090), TUG (P = .241), BPI severity subscale (P = .058), and physical well-being subscale of the FACT-B (P = .052) showed no significant improvement. Participants reported increased relaxation, reduced stress, and enhanced sleep quality and duration. They valued the group's and the instructor's support. CONCLUSION The research team demonstrated the feasibility of a tai chi intervention for improving wellbeing for breast cancer patients with AIAA and identified measures that may be sensitive to the impact of a tai chi intervention in this population.
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Chan AWK, Lee A, Lee DTF, Sit JWH, Chair SY. Evaluation of the sustaining effects of Tai Chi Qigong in the sixth month in promoting psychosocial health in COPD patients: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:425082. [PMID: 24282383 PMCID: PMC3824309 DOI: 10.1155/2013/425082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the sustaining effects of Tai Chi Qigong (TCQ) in improving the psychosocial health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the sixth month. BACKGROUND COPD affects both physical and emotional aspects of life. Measures to minimize patients' suffering need to be implemented. METHODS 206 COPD patients were randomly assigned into three groups: TCQ group, exercise group, and control group. The TCQ group completed a three-month TCQ program, the exercise group practiced breathing and walking exercise, and the control group received usual care. RESULTS Significant group-by-time interactions in quality of life (QOL) using St. George's respiratory questionnaire (P = 0.002) and the perceived social support from friends using multidimensional scale of perceived social support (P = 0.04) were noted. Improvements were observed in the TCQ group only. CONCLUSIONS TCQ has sustaining effects in improving psychosocial health; it is also a useful and appropriate exercise for COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen W. K. Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Albert Lee
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Diana T. F. Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Janet W. H. Sit
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S. Y. Chair
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Tai chi may play a role in depression relief among elderly. Mayo Clin Health Lett 2013; 31:4. [PMID: 24716283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the effects of Tai Chi Quan, a body-mind harmony exercise, on college students' perceptions of their physical and mental health. A three-month intervention of Tai Chi exercise was administered to college students, and multidimensional physical (PHD) and mental (MHD) health scores were assessed using the SF-36v2 health survey questionnaire before and after the intervention. Thirty college students participated in a 1-hour-long Tai Chi exercise intervention twice a week for 3 months. Each practice session included 10 minutes of breathing and stretching exercises followed by 50 minutes of Tai Chi Quan 24-form practice. PHD including physical function (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), and MHD including social function (SF), role mental/emotion function (RE), vitality (VT), perceptions of mental health (MH) were assessed. The normalized scores of each variable and the combined PHD or MHD scores before and after the Tai Chi intervention were examined by paired t-test ( p <0.05). Physical measures of BP and GH, and mental measures of RE, VT and MH were significantly improved after Tai Chi exercise intervention. When the overall PHD or MHD scores were evaluated, the MHD had increased significantly. In conclusion, Tai Chi exercise had positive effects on the self-assessed physical and mental health of college students. Scores on the mental health dimension appeared to be particularly sensitive to change. Colleges/universities might consider offering Tai Chi as a component of their ongoing physical activity programs available to students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tai Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Lavretsky H, Alstein LL, Olmstead RE, Ercoli LM, Riparetti-Brown M, Cyr NS, Irwin MR. Complementary use of tai chi chih augments escitalopram treatment of geriatric depression: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19:839-50. [PMID: 21358389 PMCID: PMC3136557 DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820ee9ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly two-thirds of elderly patients treated for depression fail to achieve symptomatic remission and functional recovery with first-line pharmacotherapy. In this study, we ask whether a mind-body exercise, Tai Chi Chih (TCC), added to escitalopram will augment the treatment of geriatric depression designed to achieve symptomatic remission and improvements in health functioning and cognitive performance. METHODS : One hundred twelve older adults with major depression age 60 years and older were recruited and treated with escitalopram for approximately 4 weeks. Seventy-three partial responders to escitalopram continued to receive escitalopram daily and were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of adjunct use of either 1) TCC for 2 hours per week or 2) health education (HE) for 2 hours per week. All participants underwent evaluations of depression, anxiety, resilience, health-related quality of life, cognition, and inflammation at baseline and during 14-week follow-up. RESULTS Subjects in the escitalopram and TCC condition were more likely to show greater reduction of depressive symptoms and to achieve a depression remission as compared with those receiving escitalopram and HE. Subjects in the escitalopram and TCC condition also showed significantly greater improvements in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical functioning and cognitive tests and a decline in the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION : Complementary use of a mind-body exercise, such as TCC, may provide additional improvements of clinical outcomes in the pharmacologic treatment of geriatric depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Exercise, yoga, and meditation for anxiety and depression. Am Fam Physician 2010; 81:987. [PMID: 25902568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Saeed SA, Antonacci DJ, Bloch RM. Exercise, yoga, and meditation for depressive and anxiety disorders. Am Fam Physician 2010; 81:981-986. [PMID: 20387774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are among the most common conditions cited by those seeking treatment with complementary and alternative therapies, such as exercise, meditation, tai chi, qigong, and yoga. The use of these therapies is increasing. Several studies of exercise and yoga have demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness superior to no-activity controls and comparable with established depression and anxiety treatments (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy, sertraline, imipramine). High-energy exercise (i.e., weekly expenditure of at least 17.5 kcal per kg) and frequent aerobic exercise (i.e., at least three to five times per week) reduce symptoms of depression more than less frequent or lower-energy exercise. Mindful meditation and exercise have positive effects as adjunctive treatments for depressive disorders, although some studies show multiple methodological weaknesses. For anxiety disorders, exercise and yoga have also shown positive effects, but there are far less data on the effects of exercise on anxiety than for exercise on depression. Tai chi, qigong, and meditation have not shown effectiveness as alternative treatments for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy Atezaz Saeed
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of a 6-week course in Tai Chi associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) symptoms. METHOD Eighteen participants, with TBI assigned to a control (waiting list) group (n = 9) or Tai Chi group (n = 9) completed the Medical Outcome Scale Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) before, during, immediately after and 3 weeks after completion of the Tai Chi course. The Tai Chi group completed the Visual Analogue Mood Scales (VAMS) before and after each class. RESULTS Tai Chi was associated with significant improvement on all VAMS scores (except fatigue) with decreases in sadness, confusion, anger, tension, fear and increases in energy and happiness. There were no significant between-group differences on the SF-36 or RSES. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi provides short-term benefits after TBI, with rigorous outcome measurement needed to examine long-term benefits.
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The health benefits of tai chi. This gentle form of exercise can prevent or ease many ills of aging and could be the perfect activity for the rest of your life. Harv Womens Health Watch 2009; 16:2-4. [PMID: 19554743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Abstract
Activity participation has a positive impact on both quantity and quality of life (QOL). Regular participations in physical, social, and cultural activities are associated with successful aging. There is considerable evidence that Tai Chi has positive health benefits; physical, psychosocial and therapeutic. Furthermore, Tai Chi does not only consist of a physical component, but also sociocultural, meditative components that are believed to contribute to overall well-being. This chapter describes the benefits of Tai Chi exercise for the older adults, particularly in terms of the psychosocial aspect. The perceived meanings, associated values and well-being, as well as the impact on QOL, of Tai Chi practice among the older adults in Hong Kong are also discussed. Tai Chi exercise is chosen by the elderly participants for its gentle and soft movements. Besides the physical aspect, the benefits they describe include lifestyle issues, as well as psychological and social benefits. Evidence points out that the improvements in physical and mental health through the practice of Tai Chi among the older adults are related to their perceived level of QOL. Findings from numerous studies support the belief that the practice of Tai Chi has multiple benefits to practitioners that are not only physical in nature. It is recommended as a strategy to promote successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kwai-Sang Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Tsang T, Orr R, Lam P, Comino E, Singh MF. Effects of Tai Chi on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind sham-exercise-controlled trial. Age Ageing 2008; 37:64-71. [PMID: 17965035 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afm127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND a large proportion of adults with type 2 diabetes remain sedentary despite evidence of benefits from exercise for type 2 diabetes. Simplified Yang Tai Chi has been shown in one study to have no effect on insulin sensitivity in older adults. However, a modified Tai Chi form, Tai Chi for Diabetes (TCD) has recently been composed, claiming to improve diabetes control. METHODS subjects were randomised to Tai Chi or sham exercise, twice a week for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were insulin resistance 72 h post-exercise (HOMA2-IR), and long-term glucose control (HbA(1c)). RESULTS thirty-eight subjects (65 +/- 7.8 years, 79% women) were enrolled. Baseline BMI was 32.2 +/- 6.3 kg/m(2), 84% had osteoarthritis, 76% hypertension, and 34% cardiac disease. There was one dropout, no adverse events, and median compliance was 100 (0-100)%. There were no effects of time or group assignment on insulin resistance or HbA(1c) ( -0.07 +/- 0.4% Tai Chi versus 0.12 +/- 0.3% Sham; P = 0.13) at 16 weeks. Improvement in HbA(1c) was related to decreased body fat (r = 0.484, P = 0.004) and improvement in insulin resistance was related to decreased body fat (r = 0.37, P = 0.03) and central adiposity (r = 0.38, P = 0.02), as well as increased fat-free mass (r = -0.46, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS TCD did not improve glucose homeostasis or insulin sensitivity measured 72 h after the last bout of exercise. More intense forms of Tai Chi may be required to produce the body composition changes associated with metabolic benefits in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Tsang
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Wall RB. Teaching Tai Chi with mindfulness-based stress reduction to middle school children in the inner city: a review of the literature and approaches. Med Sport Sci 2008; 52:166-172. [PMID: 18487896 DOI: 10.1159/000134297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tai Chi (TC) is the focus of a growing body of literature both qualitative and empirical. Yet there is a paucity of literature on teaching TC to either adolescents or children ages 10-13 presumably because of the level of attention and concentration TC requires. In the pediatric setting, TC appears best combined with other practice activities like mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) that complement the practice of TC, sustain interest and synergistically enhance the benefits TC has been shown to produce in older populations. The literature on the effects of (MBSR) practices with children and teens are also limited. However, the corpus of TC studies suggests significant benefits could be transgenerational if presented in novel ways and taught in developmentally appropriate approaches to children. This chapter explores combining MBSR exercises with TC as one practice that can potentially accomplish this synergy. The chapter includes recommendations for a course design based on two projects created by the author integrating TC and MBSR for ages 11-14 in the inner city of Boston, Mass., USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Wall
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, and Uphams Corner Health Center, Boston, Mass., USA
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Esch T, Duckstein J, Welke J, Braun V. Mind/body techniques for physiological and psychological stress reduction: stress management via Tai Chi training - a pilot study. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13:CR488-CR497. [PMID: 17968296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress can affect health. There is a growing need for the evaluation and application of professional stress management options, i.e, stress reduction. Mind/body medicine serves this goal, e.g, by integrating self-care techniques into medicine and health care. Tai Chi (TC) can be classified as such a mind/body technique, potentially reducing stress and affecting physical as well as mental health parameters, which, however, has to be examined further. MATERIAL/METHODS We conducted a prospective, longitudinal pilot study over 18 weeks for the evaluation of subjective and objective clinical effects of a Yang style TC intervention in young adults (beginners) by measuring physiological (blood pressure, heart rate, saliva cortisol) and psychological (SF-36, perceived stress, significant events) parameters, i.e, direct or indirect indicators of stress and stress reduction, in a non-randomised/-controlled, yet non-selected cohort (n=21) by pre-to-post comparison and in follow-up. SF-36 values were also compared with the age-adjusted norm population, serving as an external control. Additionally, we measured diurnal cortisol profiles in a cross-sectional sub-study (n=2+2, pre-to-post), providing an internal random control sub-sample. RESULTS Only nine participants completed all measurements. Even so, we found significant (p<0.05) reductions of saliva cortisol (post and follow-up), which seems to be an indicator of general stress reduction. A significant decrease in perceived mental stress (post) proved even highly significant (p<0.01) in the follow-up, whereas physical stress perception declined to a much lesser degree. Significant improvements were also detected for the SF-36 dimensions general health perception, social functioning, vitality, and mental health/psychological well-being. Thus, the summarized mental health measures all clearly improved, pointing towards a predominantly psychological impact of TC. CONCLUSIONS Subjective health increased, stress decreased (objectively and subjectively) during TC practice. Future studies should confirm this observation by rigorous methodology and by further combining physical and psychological measurements with basic research, thereby also gaining knowledge of autoregulation and molecular physiology that possibly underlies mind/body medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Esch
- Division of Integrative Health Promotion, Coburg University of Applied Sciences, Coburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Y K Lee
- Nursing Team, School of Science & Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To counter pervasive disparities in healthcare and guide public health prevention programs, culturally sensitive recruitment and retention strategies for Chinese immigrants participating in health-related research studies are needed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and implement recruitment and retention strategies with Chinese immigrants in a Tai Chi exercise study. METHODS After substantial project planning and incorporating community-based research principles, a multidimensional approach was used to ensure minimal loss to follow-up. Recruitment strategies included partnering with a community-based agency, distributing study information using a multimedia approach, communicating in the native language, and demonstrating cultural sensitivity. Retention strategies included establishing a tracking method during recruitment, providing personalized feedback, maintaining the same location for all aspects of the study, eliminating potential linguistic barriers, providing personal attention and encouragement, monitoring attendance, utilizing a charismatic Tai Chi instructor, respecting Chinese culture, providing appropriate incentives, and maintaining good communication. RESULTS Sixty persons showed interest in the study, 52 persons were screened, and 39 persons were enrolled. Recruitment was completed within 3 weeks. An advertisement in the Chinese newspaper was the most fruitful recruitment source, yielding approximately 60% of the study participants. Retention in the study was also very high (97%, n = 38). DISCUSSION The successful recruitment and retention of Chinese immigrants in this Tai Chi exercise study are due to a variety of factors on many levels, including the participants, study investigator, and community-based agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Taylor-Piliae
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Siu AMH, Chan CCH, Poon PKK, Chui DYY, Chan SCC. Evaluation of the chronic disease self-management program in a Chinese population. Patient Educ Couns 2007; 65:42-50. [PMID: 16872789 PMCID: PMC7135159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the 6-week Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) in Hong Kong. METHODS A total of 148 subjects with chronic illness were recruited. Subjects were matched on duration of illness and gender, and then randomly allocated to experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group participated in the CDSMP, while the comparison group joined a Tai-Chi interest class in a mass-activity format. Subjects completed evaluation questionnaires before beginning their program and 1 week following the program. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed that the CDSMP participants demonstrated significantly higher self-efficacy in managing their illness, used more cognitive methods to manage pain and symptoms, and felt more energetic than the subjects in the comparison group. The CDSMP participants also demonstrated changes in their profile of coping strategies, having a tendency to adopt the cognitive methods of diverting attention, reinterpreting pain, ignoring sensations, and making positive self-statements. CONCLUSION The short-term evaluation results showed that the CDSMP primarily increased the self-efficacy, exercise behavior, and application of cognitive coping strategies of the participants. PRACTICE IMPLICATION The effect of the CDSMP in a Chinese population is similar to that found in studies in Western cultures, and the CDSMP could be applied effectively in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M H Siu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE to compare the effects of a short style of Tai Chi versus brisk walking training programme on aerobic capacity, heart rate variability (HRV), strength, flexibility, balance, psychological status and quality of life in elderly women. METHODS nineteen community-dwelling, sedentary women (aged 71.4 +/- 4.5 years) were randomly assigned to Tai Chi Chuan (TCC; n = 11) or brisk walking group (BWG; n = 8). A separate group of elderly women was recruited from the same population to act as a sedentary comparison group (SCG; n = 8). The exercise groups met for 1 h, three days per week for 12 weeks. Outcomes measured before and after training included estimated VO2max, spectral analysis of HRV (high-frequency, low-frequency power as well as high- and low-frequency power in normalised units) as a measure of autonomic control of the heart, isometric knee extension and handgrip muscle strength, single-leg stance time, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. RESULTS significant improvement was seen in estimated VO(2)max in the TCC group (TCC versus SCG P = 0.003, TCC versus BWG P = 0.08). The mean within-person change of high-frequency power in normalised units (HFnu) increased [8.2 (0.14-16.3)], representing increased parasympathetic activity, and low-frequency power in normalised units (LFnu) decreased [-8.7 (-16.8-0.5)], representing decreased sympathetic activity, in the TCC group only. Significant gains were also seen in the non-dominant knee extensor strength and single-leg stance time (TCC versus BWG P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS a short style of TCC was found to be an effective way to improve many fitness measures in elderly women over a 3-month period. TCC was also found to be significantly better than brisk walking in enhancing certain measures of fitness including lower extremity strength, balance and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Audette
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Yeh SH, Chuang H, Lin LW, Hsiao CY, Eng HL. Regular tai chi chuan exercise enhances functional mobility and CD4CD25 regulatory T cells. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:239-43. [PMID: 16505081 PMCID: PMC2491999 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.022095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration and vigour of physical exercise are widely considered to be critical elements that may positively or negatively affect physical health and immune response. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of a 12 week programme of regular tai chi chuan exercise (TCC) on functional mobility, beliefs about benefits of exercise on physical and psychological health, and immune regulation in middle aged volunteers. METHODS This quasi-experimental research design involving one group with testing before and after the programme was conducted to measure the effect of 12 weeks of TCC exercise in 14 men and 23 women from the normal community. RESULTS Regular TCC exercise had a highly significant positive effect on functional mobility (p = 0.001) and beliefs about the health benefits of exercise (p = 0.013) in the 37 participants. Total white blood cell and red blood cell count did not change significantly, but a highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in monocyte count occurred. A significant (p = 0.05) increase in the ratio of T helper to suppressor cells (CD4:CD8) was found, along with a significant (p = 0.015) increase in CD4CD25 regulatory T cells. Production of the regulatory T cell mediators transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 10 under specific antigen stimulation (varicella zoster virus) was also significantly increased after this exercise programme. CONCLUSIONS A 12 week programme of regular TCC exercise enhances functional mobility, personal health expectations, and regulatory T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Yeh
- Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This paper outlines a qualitative exploratory study of the individual experiences of older people who practise Tai Chi for health. The study aimed to identify factors that influence the attraction of Tai Chi for older people. Participants were recruited from a selection of Tai Chi clubs in the north of England. Participant and non-participant observation of a selection of Tai Chi practice sessions was undertaken along with interviews with 7 older people. Findings show that individuals who practice Tai Chi report a variety of immediate and lasting physical and mental benefits. Being part of a group that both learns and practises Tai Chi together appears to be important to the experience and awareness of the spiritual nature of Tai Chi was also reported. It is argued that older people who practise Tai Chi may have a particular view on ageing, health and well-being that the activity of Tai Chi allows them to express and future study intends to investigate this in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morris Docker
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community, Ageing, Rehabilitation, Education and Research (CARER) Department, Bartolomé House, Winter Street, Sheffield S3 7ND, UK.
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Chen KM, Chen WT, Wang JJ, Huang MF. Frail elders' views of Tai Chi. J Nurs Res 2005; 13:11-20. [PMID: 15977131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Tai Chi on an elder's well-being have been well documented; however, not many frail elders practice it. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the perspectives frail elders have about Tai Chi, including its movements, practice frequency and duration, and practice preferences. Using focus groups, 40 frail elders who lived in long-term care facilities were interviewed. Results indicated that Tai Chi styles with slow and large motions were manageable. Subjects preferred to practice Tai Chi in a group of 10 to 20 people, twice a week with 31 to 60 minutes of practice in the early morning or in the afternoon after napping. The practice locations should be wide, flat, non-disturbed, and well-ventilated. Tai Chi instructors should be experienced, gentle, considerate, and have clarity in expression. Findings can be used to design a simple Tai Chi program that is specifically tailored to the needs of frail elders.
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Chou KL, Lee PWH, Yu ECS, Macfarlane D, Cheng YH, Chan SSC, Chi I. Effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms amongst Chinese older patients with depressive disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004; 19:1105-7. [PMID: 15497192 DOI: 10.1002/gps.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Lee Chou
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of reports on the physical and psychological effects of Tai Chi on various chronic medical conditions. DATA SOURCES Search of 11 computerized English and Chinese databases. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled studies, and observational studies published in English or Chinese. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted for the study objective, population characteristics, study setting, type of Tai Chi intervention, study design, outcome assessment, duration of follow-up, and key results. DATA SYNTHESIS There were 9 randomized controlled trials, 23 nonrandomized controlled studies, and 15 observational studies in this review. Benefits were reported in balance and strength, cardiovascular and respiratory function, flexibility, immune system, symptoms of arthritis, muscular strength, and psychological effects. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi appears to have physiological and psychosocial benefits and also appears to be safe and effective in promoting balance control, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness in older patients with chronic conditions. However, limitations or biases exist in most studies, and it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the benefits reported. Most indications in which Tai Chi was applied lack a theoretical foundation concerning the mechanism of benefit. Well-designed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Wayne PM, Krebs DE, Wolf SL, Gill-Body KM, Scarborough DM, McGibbon CA, Kaptchuk TJ, Parker SW. Can Tai Chi improve vestibulopathic postural control? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85:142-52. [PMID: 14970982 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the rationale and scientific support for Tai Chi as an intervention for vestibulopathy and to offer recommendations for future studies. DATA SOURCES A computer-aided search, including MEDLINE and Science Citation Index, to identify original Tai Chi studies published in English; relevant references cited in the retrieved articles were also included. STUDY SELECTION A preliminary screening selected all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, case-control studies, and case series that included Tai Chi as an intervention and had at least 1 outcome variable relevant to postural stability. DATA EXTRACTION Authors critically reviewed studies and summarized study designs and outcomes in a summary table. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-four Tai Chi studies met screening criteria. No studies specifically studying Tai Chi for vestibulopathy were found. Collectively, the 24 studies provide sometimes contradictory but generally supportive evidence that Tai Chi may have beneficial effects for balance and postural impairments, especially those associated with aging. Ten RCTs were found, of which 8 provide support that Tai Chi practiced alone, or in combination with other therapies, can reduce risk of falls, and/or impact factors associated with postural control, including improved balance and dynamic stability, increased musculoskeletal strength and flexibility, improved performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), reduced fear of falling, and general improvement in psychologic well-being. Studies using other designs support the results observed in RCTs. CONCLUSIONS At present, few data exist to support the contention that Tai Chi specifically targets the impairments, functional limitations, disability, and quality of life associated with peripheral vestibulopathy. There are, however, compelling reasons to further investigate Tai Chi for vestibulopathy, in part because Tai Chi appears useful for a variety of nonvestibulopathy etiologic balance disorders, and is safe. Especially needed are studies that integrate measures of balance relevant to ADLs with other psychologic and cognitive measures; these might help identify specific mechanisms whereby Tai Chi can remedy balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wayne
- Research Department, New England School of Acupuncture, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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Rispail D. [Tai Chi Chuan and personnel development]. Soins 2004:24-6. [PMID: 15027364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Abstract
This study explores two conflicting models of how patients experience mind-body therapies; these models frame the design of a clinical trial examining the effects of qigong (a traditional Chinese movement therapy) on the immune systems of former cancer patients. Data consist of ethnographic research and in-depth interviews conducted at the Boston teaching hospital where the trial is to take place. These interviews, with biomedical researchers who designed the trial and with the qigong master responsible for the qigong arm of the trial, reveal two fundamentally different understandings of how qigong is experienced and how that experience may be beneficial. The biomedical team sees qigong as a non-specific therapy which combines relaxation and exercise. The qigong master, on the other hand, sees qigong as using specific movements and visualizations to direct mental attention to specific areas of the body. Thus while the biomedical team frames qigong as a "mind-body" practice, the qigong master frames it as a "mind-in-body" practice. This research suggests that the biomedical notion that mind-body therapies work by eliciting mental relaxation is only one way of thinking about how patients experience modalities like qigong: indeed, characterizations of mind-body therapies which emphasize a mental sense of relaxation may be specific to biomedicine and the cultures which surround it. More broadly, the paper argues that gaps in understanding between researchers and practitioners may be hindering scientific efforts to assess therapies like qigong. It concludes by proposing that clinical trials of traditional and alternative therapies build ethnographic inquiry about practitioner experience into the design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kerr
- Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Through a re-analysis of a Tai Chi intervention data set, the study objective was to determine which, if any, subgroups of the study sample evidenced differential benefits from the intervention. METHOD Re-analysis of a Tai Chi intervention study, a randomized controlled trial in Eugene and Springfield, Oregon. Physically inactive participants aged > or =65 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Tai Chi (n=49) and a wait-list control (n=45). The main outcome measure was self-reported physical function. RESULTS Initial latent curve analyses indicated significant Tai Chi training effects: Participants in the Tai Chi group reported significant improvements in perceived physical function compared to those in the control group. However, there was significant interindividual variability in response to Tai Chi. The overall intervention effect was further delineated by identifying two subgroups. This delineation showed that Tai Chi participants with lower levels of physical function at baseline benefited more from the Tai Chi training program than those with higher physical function scores. Inclusion of additional measures of individual characteristics at baseline, change in movement confidence, and class attendance further explained differences in treatment responses. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that although an intervention may show an overall effect (or no overall effect), it may be differentially effective for subgroups of participants that differ in their pre-intervention characteristics. Examination of variability in outcome measures can provide important information for refining and tailoring appropriate interventions targeted to specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Li
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene 97403, USA.
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50
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