Teaching patient safety in the medical undergraduate program at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo

Evaluating the Integration of Patient Safety in Medical Training in Spain

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the degree of integration of patient safety in the training of medical faculties at universities in Spain. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. An assessment was made of the curse syllabi of Spanish medical schools, summarizing the proportion of faculties that present each of the topics recommended in the WHO's curriculum guide. Results: Of the 49 faculties, access to the curse syllabus of the subjects for the academic year 2023-2024 was obtained from 38 (78%). Although 82% of the faculties integrated some patient safety topic, only 56% included between 1 and 3 of the 11 topics recommended by WHO. The maximum number of integrated topics was 7, and this was only achieved by 1 faculty. Conclusion: There is progress in the incorporation of fundamental concepts in patient safety, but the comprehensive implementation of all topics recommended by the WHO in Spanish medical schools is insufficient.

Formação profissional do técnico de enfermagem em segurança do paciente: estudo misto

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a formação de técnicos de enfermagem em segurança do paciente. Método: estudo de método misto paralelo convergente, em que elementos qualitativos e quantitativos foram concomitantemente implementados e igualmente priorizados, realizado em três colégios técnicos vinculados a uma instituição pública federal do Nordeste brasileiro. No qualitativo, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com 24 docentes e aplicou-se a análise temática. No estudo quantitativo, survey, utilizou-se instrumento para rastrear termos sobre segurança do paciente com 84 discentes. A interpretação geral dos dados realizou a combinação dos resultados e balizou-se no Guia Curricular de Segurança do Paciente. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Compreensão dos docentes acerca do tema segurança do paciente na formação de técnicos de enfermagem e Aplicação e projeção do ensino da segurança do paciente na formação de técnicos de enfermagem. No estudo quantitativo, dos 46 termos rastreadores, predominou a identificação de termos no contexto teórico-prático, nos Cursos A e C, totalizando 36 (78,3%) e 25 (54,3%), respectivamente. No Curso B, destacou-se ensino teórico, com 26 termos (56,5%). Conclusão: a formação profissional do discente técnico de enfermagem apresenta foco tecnicista e não contempla, integralmente, no processo ensino-aprendizagem, questões de segurança do paciente e, assim, configura-se desafio para as instituições formadoras e docentes.

Formación profesional del técnico en enfermería en seguridad del paciente: estudio mixto

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la formación de los técnicos en enfermería en seguridad del paciente. Método: estudio de método mixto paralelo convergente, en el que los elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos fueron implementados simultáneamente y considerados con el mismo nivel de prioridad, realizado en tres escuelas técnicas vinculadas a una institución pública federal en el Nordeste brasileño. En el estudio cualitativo se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 24 profesores y se aplicó el análisis temático. En el estudio cuantitativo, survey, se utilizó un instrumento para detectar términos sobre seguridad del paciente con 84 estudiantes. Para la interpretación general de los datos se realizó la combinación de los resultados y se tomó como base la Guía Curricular de Seguridad del Paciente. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: Comprensión de los docentes sobre la seguridad del paciente en la formación de técnicos en enfermería e Implementación y proyección de la enseñanza de la seguridad del paciente en la formación de técnicos en enfermería. En el estudio cuantitativo, en los 46 términos indicadores, predominó la identificación de términos en el contexto teórico-práctico, en las carreras A y C, con un total de 36 (78,3%) y 25 (54,3%), respectivamente. En la carrera B se destacó la enseñanza teórica, con 26 términos (56,5%). Conclusión: la formación profesional de los estudiantes de la carrera de técnico en enfermería tiene un enfoque técnico y no considera de forma integral los temas que tienen que ver con la seguridad del paciente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, por lo que es un desafío para las instituciones formadoras y para los docentes.

Nursing technicians' professional training in patient safety: A mixed-methods study

OBJECTIVE

to analyze nursing technicians' training in patient safety.

METHOD

a convergent parallel mixed-methods study, where qualitative and quantitative elements were concomitantly implemented and equally prioritized, carried out in three technical colleges linked to a federal public institution in the Brazilian Northeast region. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 professors and thematic analysis was applied. In the quantitative study, of the survey type, an instrument was used to screen terms about patient safety with 84 students. The results were combined during the general data interpretation, which was based on the Patient Safety Curricular Guide.

RESULTS

two thematic categories emerged: The professors' understanding about the theme of patient safety in nursing technicians' training; and Application and projection of the teaching of patient safety in nursing technicians' training. In the quantitative study, among the 46 screening terms, their identification in the theoretical-practical context predominated in Courses A and C, totaling 36 (78.3%) and 25 (54.3%), respectively. Theoretical teaching stood out in Course B, with 26 terms (56.5%).

CONCLUSION

professional training of Nursing Technician students has a technical focus and does not fully contemplate patient safety issues in the teaching-learning process and, thus, constitutes a challenge for training institutions and professors alike.

Latino Students Patient Safety Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation for Brazilian nursing and medical students

ABSTRACT Objectives: to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Latino Student Patient Safety Questionnaire for Brazilian Nursing and Medical students. Methods: methodological study carried out in six stages — forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee assessment, pre-test and reporting to the authors of the original instrument. Data at the expert committee and pre-test stages were collected and analyzed using the web platform e-Surv. The level of agreement adopted for the expert committee evaluation with 20 participants and the pre-test evaluation with 38 students was ≥ 90%. Results: the first evaluation round by the expert committee showed a <90% agreement for 21 out of the 26 questionnaire items, requiring adjustments. In the pre-test, three items in the instrument reached a <90% agreement and were revised to obtain the final version. Conclusions: the Brazilian version of the Latino Student Patient Safety Questionnaire instrument was considered culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese.

Patient safety and infection control: bases for curricular integration

OBJECTIVE

To analyze curricular integration between teaching of patient safety and good infection prevention and control practices.

METHOD

Integrative review, designed to answer the question: "How does curricular integration of content about 'patient safety teaching' and content about 'infection prevention and control practices' occur in undergraduate courses in the health field?". The following databases were searched for primary studies: CINAHL, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, Europe PMC and MEDLINE.

RESULTS

The final sample consisted of 13 studies. After content analysis, primary studies were grouped into two subject categories: "Innovative teaching practices" and "Curricular evaluation.

CONCLUSION

Patient safety related to infection prevention and control practices is present in the curriculum of health undergraduate courses, but is not coordinated with other themes, is taught sporadically, and focuses mainly on hand hygiene.

Formulation, implementation and evaluation of a distance course for accreditation in patient safety

Objective

To formulate and to implement a virtual learning environment course in patient safety, and to propose ways to estimate the impact of the course in patient safety outcomes.

Methods

The course was part of an accreditation process and involved all employees of a public hospital in Brazil. The whole hospital staff was enrolled in the course. The accreditation team defined the syllabus. The education guidelines were divided into 12 modules related to quality, patient safety and required organizational practices. The assessment was performed at the end of each module through multiple-choice tests. The results were estimated according to occurrence of adverse events. Data were collected after the course, and employees’ attitude was surveyed.

Results

More than 80% of participants reached up to 70% success on tests after the course; the event-reporting rate increased from 714 (16,264 patients) to 1,401 (10,180 patients).

Conclusion

Virtual learning environment was a successful tool data. Data on course evaluation is consistent with increase in identification and reporting of adverse events. Although the report increment is not positive per si, it indicates changes in patient safety culture.

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis of integrating the World Health Organization patient safety curriculum into undergraduate medical education in Pakistan: a qualitative case study

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to conduct a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of integrating the World Health Organization (WHO) patient safety curriculum into undergraduate medical education in Pakistan.

METHODS

A qualitative interpretive case study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad, from October 2016 to June 2017. The study included 9 faculty members and 1 expert on patient safety. The interviews were audiotaped, and a thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using NVivo software.

RESULTS

Four themes were derived based on the need analysis model. The sub-themes derived from the collected data were arranged under the themes of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, in accordance with the principles of SWOT analysis. The strengths identified were the need for a formal patient safety curriculum and its early integration into the undergraduate program. The weaknesses were faculty awareness and participation in development programs. The opportunities were an ongoing effort to develop an appropriate curriculum, to improve the current culture of healthcare, and to use the WHO curricular resource guide. The threats were attitudes towards patient safety in Pakistani culture, resistance to implementation from different levels, and the role of regulatory authorities.

CONCLUSION

The theme of patient safety needs to be incorporated early into the formal medical education curriculum, with the main goals of striving to do no harm and seeing mistakes as opportunities to learn. Faculty development activities need to be organized, and faculty members should to be encouraged to participate in them. The lack of a patient safety culture was identified as the primary reason for resistance to this initiative at many levels. The WHO curriculum, amended according to local institutional culture, can be implemented appropriately with support from the corresponding regulatory bodies.

Patient safety: knowledge between multiprofessional residents

Objective

To assess the knowledge of multiprofesional residents in health about the security of the patient theme.

Methods

Cross-sectional study, quantitative, developed with graduate courses/residence specialties of health in a public university of Paraná, Brazil. Participants (n=78) answered a questionnaire containing nine objective questions related to patient safety. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, in proportion measures. The minimum 75% of correct answers was considered the cutoff for positive evaluation.

Results

The sample was predominantly composed of young people from medical programs. Almost half of the items evaluated (n=5) achieved the established positive pattern, especially those who dealt with the hand hygiene moments (98.8%) and goal of the Patient Safety National Program (92.3%). The identification of the patient was the worst rated item (37.7%). In the analysis by professional areas, only the Nursing reached the standard of hits established.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the residents was threshold.

Theoretical-practical acquisition of topics relevant to patient safety: dilemmas in the training of nurses

Abstract Objective: To investigate content associated with patient safety included in the curricula of undergraduate nursing courses of two Brazilian higher educational institutions. Method: A descriptive survey study was carried out with 119 students of nursing courses (licentiate and bachelor degree), from August to September 2016. The topics investigated were based on the WHO patient safety curriculum guide: multi-professional edition. Armed with the data, univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. Results: Of the 46 content areas investigated in the questionnaire, two scored high in non-achievement in theoretical or practical activities, namely "the culture of blame" and "community-acquired infection." Licentiate and bachelor degree students reported a higher acquisition in theoretical classes (p = 0.012), whereas bachelor degree students reported similar acquisition in theory and practice (p = 0.013). Conclusion: The content mostly included theoretical and practical approaches at least once throughout the course. However, when considering content associated with patient safety-related sociocultural aspects, lower scores were found.

Support for learning in the perspective of patient safety in primary health care

Objective:

to analyze the support for learning, in the perspective of patient safety, offered in the work environment, according to health professionals working in primary care.

Method:

a transversal study, held with 86 health professionals working in primary care. A validated instrument was used, applied via the Internet. Descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken with a presentation of median, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.

Results:

points which are favorable to supporting learning were evidenced, such as mutual respect, autonomy for organizing the work and valorization of new ideas, which obtained means above 7.0. The variables which hinder the process of learning in the work environment, perceived by the professionals, were: resistance to changes, and excess of work impeding reflection on how to improve the work, with means above 6.0.

Conclusion:

the study found evidence of indicators related to the process of staff development in the area of health and indicates the influence of support for learning for the improvement of the work processes and of patient safety. It is necessary that a culture involving the systematic assessment of educational interventions in health should be established, the aim being to diagnose actions which are more incisive for changing health professionals' attitude and, therefore, clinical practice.