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Onaka GM, de Carvalho MR, Onaka PK, Barbosa CM, Martinez PF, de Oliveira-Junior SA. Exercise, mTOR Activation, and Potential Impacts on the Liver in Rodents. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38927242 PMCID: PMC11201249 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The literature offers a consensus on the association between exercise training (ET) protocols based on the adequate parameters of intensity and frequency, and several adaptive alterations in the liver. Indeed, regular ET can reverse glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, especially from aerobic modalities, which can decrease intrahepatic fat formation. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the regulation of hepatic fat formation would be directly related to the modulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which would be stimulated by insulin signaling and Akt activation, from the following three different primary signaling pathways: (I) growth factor, (II) energy/ATP-sensitive, and (III) amino acid-sensitive signaling pathways, respectively. Hyperactivation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway induces lipogenesis by regulating the action of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Exercise training interventions have been associated with multiple metabolic and tissue benefits. However, it is worth highlighting that the mTOR signaling in the liver in response to exercise interventions remains unclear. Hepatic adaptive alterations seem to be most outstanding when sustained by chronic interventions or high-intensity exercise protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Moreto Onaka
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Marianna Rabelo de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Kubalaki Onaka
- Graduate Program in Education and Health, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Maria Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
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2
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
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Adiposity and insulin resistance mediate the inverse association between legume intake and blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2353-2362. [PMID: 34937583 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between legume intake and blood pressure, as well as the mediating role of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical and food intake data were collected from the baseline of the multicentre study Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial - BALANCE (RCT: NCT01620398). The relationships between variables were explored through path analysis. In total, 2247 individuals with a median age of 63·0 (45-91) years, 58·8 % (n 1321) male and 96·5 % (n 2168) with diagnosis of hypertension were included. Negative associations were observed between histidine intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardised coefficient (SC) = -0·057; P = 0·012) and between legume intake and BMI (SC = -0·061; P = 0·006). BMI was positively associated with triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index (SC = 0·173; P < 0·001), SBP (SC = 0·144; P < 0·001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SC = 0·177; P < 0·001), and TyG index was positively associated with DBP (SC = 0·079; P = 0·001). A negative indirect effect was observed between the intake of legumes, SBP and DBP, mediated by BMI (SC = -0·009; P = 0·011; SC = -0·011; P = 0·010, respectively). In addition, an indirect negative effect was found between the intake of legumes and the DBP, mediated simultaneously by BMI and TyG index (SC = -0·001; P = 0·037). In conclusion, legume intake presented a negative indirect association with blood pressure, mediated by insulin resistance (TyG) and adiposity (BMI) in individuals of secondary care in cardiology.
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Lee SD, Ahn HJ, Shin MK. A case series of acne following Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with atopic dermatitis. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 30:11-16. [PMID: 36345408 PMCID: PMC9636008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Kyung Shin
- Correspondence to: Min Kyung Shin, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee daero23, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Kandhaya-Pillai R, Hou D, Zhang J, Yang X, Compoginis G, Mori T, Tchkonia T, Martin GM, Hisama FM, Kirkland JL, Oshima J. SMAD4 mutations and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ signaling accelerate rates of DNA damage and cellular senescence, resulting in a segmental progeroid syndrome-the Myhre syndrome. GeroScience 2021; 43:1481-1496. [PMID: 33428109 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 encodes a member of the SMAD family of proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Potentially heritable, autosomal dominant, gain-of-function heterozygous variants of SMAD4 cause a rare developmental disorder, the Myhre syndrome, which is associated with a wide range of developmental and post-developmental phenotypes that we now characterize as a novel segmental progeroid syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing of a patient referred to our International Registry of Werner Syndrome revealed a heterozygous p.Arg496Cys variant of the SMAD4 gene. To investigate the role of SMAD4 mutations in accelerated senescence, we generated cellular models overexpressing either wild-type SMAD4 or mutant SMAD4-R496C in normal skin fibroblasts. We found that cells expressing the SMAD4-R496C mutant exhibited decreased proliferation and elevated expression of cellular senescence and inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IFNγ, and a TGF-β target gene, PAI-1. Here we show that transient exposure to TGF-β, an inflammatory cytokine, followed by chronic IFNγ stimulation, accelerated rates of senescence that were associated with increased DNA damage foci and SMAD4 expression. TGF-β, IFNγ, or combinations of both were not sufficient to reduce proliferation rates of fibroblasts. In contrast, TGF-β alone was able to induce preadipocyte senescence via induction of the mTOR protein. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mitigated TGF-β-induced expression of p21, p16, and DNA damage foci and improved replicative potential of preadipocytes, supporting the cell-specific response to this cytokine. These findings collectively suggest that persistent DNA damage and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ pathways contribute to a series of molecular events leading to cellular senescence and a segmental progeroid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Deyin Hou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Goli Compoginis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA.
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7
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Festuccia WT. Regulation of Adipocyte and Macrophage Functions by mTORC1 and 2 in Metabolic Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1900768. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 05508000 Brazil
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Cheng C, Zhuo S, Zhang B, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liao C, Quan J, Li Z, Bode AM, Cao Y, Luo X. Treatment implications of natural compounds targeting lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1654-1663. [PMID: 31360108 PMCID: PMC6643217 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders can lead to a scarcity or excess of certain metabolites such as glucose, lipids, proteins, purines, and metal ions, which provide the biochemical foundation and directly contribute to the etiology of metabolic diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and cancer are common metabolic disorders closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, we first describe the regulatory machinery of lipid metabolism and its deregulation in metabolic diseases. Next, we enumerate and integrate the mechanism of action of some natural compounds, including terpenoids and flavonoids, to ameliorate the development of metabolic diseases by targeting lipid metabolism. Medicinal natural products have an established history of use in health care and therapy. Natural compounds might provide a good source of potential therapeutic agents for treating or preventing metabolic diseases with lipid metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China
| | - Songming Zhuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang Center Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Chaoliang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078,PR China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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9
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Gomes BF, Accardo CDM. Immunoinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 17:eRB4596. [PMID: 30810587 PMCID: PMC6388724 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2019rb4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized as a metabolic syndrome with multiple consequences for the lives of patients, diabetes mellitus is also classified as a chronic non-communicable disease of great scope in the world. It is a complex disease, with different points of view, including the relation between inflammatory process, obesity and insulin resistance due to the performance of the various immunoinflammatory mediators - called adipokines - on glycemic homeostasis. Recent studies have precisely addressed this aspect for the development of drugs that assist in the protection of pancreatic ß cells from the damages arising from oxidative stress and inflammatory process, in order to control the hyperglycemic picture, which is characteristic of diabetes mellitus.
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