1
|
Bulut M, Hezenci Y. Is hand-wrist radiography still necessary in orthodontic treatment planning? BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:616. [PMID: 38802759 PMCID: PMC11131214 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study is to compare the relationship between hand-wrist and cervical vertebra maturation stages with chronological age and to investigate the effect of malocclusion type on the relationship between these methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hand-wrist and cephalometric radiographs of 1000 patients (526 females, 474 males) with a mean age of 13.41 ± 1.83 were analyzed. The methods of Bacetti et al. were used for the cervical vertebra maturation stage, and Björk, Grave and Brown's methods were used for the hand-wrist maturation stage. One-way ANOVA test was applied to compare skeletal classes between them. Tukey post hoc test was used to determine the differences. The relationship between the malocclusion type, cervical vertebra and hand-wrist maturation stages was evaluated with the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.831, 0.831 and 0.760 in Class I, II and III females, respectively. In males, it was calculated as 0.844, 0.889 and 0.906, respectively. When sex and malocclusion were not differentiated, the correlation was found to be 0.887. All were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The highest correlation was observed in class III males, while the lowest was found in class III females. CONCLUSION Cervical vertebrae can be used safely to assess pubertal spurt without hand-wrist radiography. Diagnosing growth and development stages from cephalometric images is important in reducing additional workload and preventing radiation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Bulut
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
- Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ortodonti A.D. Gölköy Kampüsü, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Hezenci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qureshi T, Duggal R, Chaudhari PK. Correlation between chronological age and skeletal maturity in different malocclusions: A retrospective study. Int Orthod 2021; 19:453-461. [PMID: 34301509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The timing of initiation and duration of the pubertal peak is important in dentofacial orthopaedics as the mandible expresses maximum growth during the pubertal peak. The aim of the study was to compare the mean chronological age with skeletal age in three skeletal jaw relations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 787 cephalograms divided into class I, class II, and class III skeletal relationship, in which cervical vertebrae stages were assessed. Dunn test was used to compare different types of malocclusion. Pubertal peak duration was assessed by comparing the respective 95% CI. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the mean chronological age in all three malocclusion groups at CS2, CS3, CS4 and CS5. There was no significant difference in the mean age of boys and girls at each CVM stage, but class III boys have significantly delayed maturity during the pubertal spurt at CS4 (14.6 years±0.98) compared with girls (13.3 years±1.48) with P=0.02. The pubertal peak duration was 1.27 years (CI: 0.77-1.76) in the class I children, 0.96 (CI: 0.58-1.34) in the class II children and 1.15 years (CI: 0.26-2.0) in the class III children. In the class III children, the duration of the pubertal peak was higher for boys, 1.74 years (CI: 0.66-2.82) compared with girls, 0.8 years (CI: 0.42-2.82). CONCLUSIONS There was positive correlation between chronological age and CVM stages in each skeletal jaw relation. Average time of attaining of a pubertal spurt is similar in class I, class II and class III children. Class III girls reach puberty slightly earlier than boys and puberty ends lately in class III boys. Class II boys have the shortest duration of the pubertal peak and class III boys have the longest duration of the pubertal peak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Qureshi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, 110029 New Delhi, India.
| | - Ritu Duggal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, 110029 New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of the three-dimensional (3D) position of cervical vertebrae in individuals with unilateral posterior crossbite. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:463-469. [PMID: 34258675 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) position of the cervical vertebrae of growing subjects with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1455 patients were screened, and ultimately 58 scans (26 patients with UPC and 32 controls with normal occlusion) were included after imposing inclusion/exclusion criteria. Roll, yaw, and deviation of the geometric center of C1, C2, and C3 vertebrae were measured and compared between groups. A correlation between these parameters and different variables on mandibular positioning was also carried out. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between groups for the deviation of pogonium (Pog), mandibular plane roll, and C3 roll, and patients with UPC showed higher cant or deviation. A significant correlation was reported for the roll of C2 and C3 with the deviation of Pog, a roll of the occlusal plane, and roll of the mandibular plane (p < 0.05). The greater the deviation of the Pog to one side, the greater the roll of the vertebrae with this same side up. The same tendency was observed between the roll of the occlusal plane or the mandibular plane with the roll of these cervical vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between transverse occlusal changes and positional deviations of the cervical vertebrae, especially C2 and C3. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study results do not allow us to infer the clinical/functional consequences of these deviations, as well as if malocclusion's treatment would result in an improvement of intervertebral relationships.
Collapse
|
4
|
Toyama N, Ekuni D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Yamane-Takeuchi M, Fujimori K, Kobayashi T, Fukuhara D, Irie K, Azuma T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Awareness of Clenching and Underweight are Risk Factors for Onset of Crowding in Young Adults: A Prospective 3-Year Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050690. [PMID: 30813621 PMCID: PMC6427134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bruxism is a parafunctional activity that can seriously affect quality of life. Although bruxism induces many problems in the oral and maxillofacial area, whether it contributes to the onset of malocclusion remains unclear. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between the onset of malocclusion and awareness of clenching during the daytime in young adults. Among 1,092 Okayama University students who underwent normal occlusion at baseline, we analysed 238 who had undergone a dental examination and had complete data after 3 years (2013–2016). We also performed subgroup analysis to focus on the association between awake bruxism and the onset of crowding (n = 216). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses. The incidences of malocclusion and crowding were 53.8% and 44.5%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, awareness of clenching was a risk factor for crowding (OR: 3.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–12.17). Moreover, underweight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2) was related to the onset of malocclusion (OR: 2.34; 95%CI: 1.11–4.92) and crowding (OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.25–5.76). These results suggest that awareness of clenching during the daytime and underweight are risk factors for the onset of crowding in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Mayu Yamane-Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fujimori
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 Street 141 Black Building, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeelani W, Fida M, Shaikh A. The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 21:67-74. [PMID: 27901231 PMCID: PMC5125173 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Jeelani
- Resident Orthodontist, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mubassar Fida
- Consultant Orthodontist/Associate Professor, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Program Director, Orthodontics Residency Program Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Attiya Shaikh
- Consultant Orthodontist/ Assistant Professor, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Program Coordinator, Orthodontics Residency Program Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perinetti G, Bianchet A, Franchi L, Contardo L. Cervical vertebral maturation: An objective and transparent code staging system applied to a 6-year longitudinal investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:898-906. [PMID: 28457267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, little information is available regarding individual cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) morphologic changes. Moreover, contrasting results regarding the repeatability of the CVM method call for the use of objective and transparent reporting procedures. In this study, we used a rigorous morphometric objective CVM code staging system, called the "CVM code" that was applied to a 6-year longitudinal circumpubertal analysis of individual CVM morphologic changes to find cases outside the reported norms and analyze individual maturation processes. METHODS From the files of the Oregon Growth Study, 32 subjects (17 boys, 15 girls) with 6 annual lateral cephalograms taken from 10 to 16 years of age were included, for a total of 221 recordings. A customized cephalometric analysis was used, and each recording was converted into a CVM code according to the concavities of cervical vertebrae (C) C2 through C4 and the shapes of C3 and C4. The retrieved CVM codes, either falling within the reported norms (regular cases) or not (exception cases), were also converted into the CVM stages. RESULTS Overall, 31 exception cases (14%) were seen. with most of them accounting for pubertal CVM stage 4. The overall durations of the CVM stages 2 to 4 were about 1 year, even though only 4 subjects had regular annual durations of CVM stages 2 to 5. CONCLUSIONS Whereas the overall CVM changes are consistent with previous reports, intersubject variability must be considered when dealing with individual treatment timing. Future research on CVM may take advantage of the CVM code system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Perinetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bianchet
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Italy
| | - Luca Contardo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sagittal and Vertical Craniofacial Growth Pattern and Timing of Circumpubertal Skeletal Maturation: A Multiple Regression Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1728712. [PMID: 27995136 PMCID: PMC5138437 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1728712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the associations between the timing of skeletal maturation and craniofacial growth is of primary importance when planning a functional treatment for most of the skeletal malocclusions. This cross-sectional study was thus aimed at evaluating whether sagittal and vertical craniofacial growth has an association with the timing of circumpubertal skeletal maturation. A total of 320 subjects (160 females and 160 males) were included in the study (mean age, 12.3 ± 1.7 years; range, 7.6-16.7 years). These subjects were equally distributed in the circumpubertal cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 2 to 5. Each CVM stage group also had equal number of females and males. Multiple regression models were run for each CVM stage group to assess the significance of the association of cephalometric parameters (ANB, SN/MP, and NSBa angles) with age of attainment of the corresponding CVM stage (in months). Significant associations were seen only for stage 3, where the SN/MP angle was negatively associated with age (β coefficient, -0.7). These results show that hyperdivergent and hypodivergent subjects may have an anticipated and delayed attainment of the pubertal CVM stage 3, respectively. However, such association remains of little entity and it would become clinically relevant only in extreme cases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kataoka K, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Yamane M, Kawabata Y, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Association Between Self-Reported Bruxism and Malocclusion in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:423-30. [PMID: 25865057 PMCID: PMC4444496 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruxism can result in temporomandibular disorders, oral pain, and tooth wear. However, it is unclear whether bruxism affects malocclusion. The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-reported bruxism and malocclusion in university students. METHODS Students (n = 1503; 896 men and 607 women) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. Malocclusion was defined using a modified version of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The presence of buccal mucosa ridging, tooth wear, dental impression on the tongue, palatal/mandibular torus, and the number of teeth present were recorded, as well as body mass index (BMI). Additional information regarding gender, awareness of bruxism, orthodontic treatment, and oral habits was collected via questionnaire. RESULTS The proportion of students with malocclusion was 32% (n = 481). The awareness of clenching in males with malocclusion was significantly higher than in those with normal occlusion (chi square test, P < 0.01). According to logistic regression analysis, the probability of malocclusion was significantly associated with awareness of clenching (odds ratio [OR] 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.93) and underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) (OR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.31-2.71) in males but not in females. In subgroup analyses, the probability of crowding was also significantly associated with awareness of clenching and underweight (P < 0.01) in males. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of clenching and underweight were related to malocclusion (crowding) in university male students.
Collapse
|
9
|
Torres FC, Yamazaki MS, Jóias RP, Paranhos LR, Rode SDM, Siqueira DF, Fuziy A. Evaluation of the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index in Lateral Cephalograms Taken in Different Head Positions. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:462-6. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate if upward or downward head inclination might interfere with determination of the growth stage, using cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI), in order to verify the accuracy of such diagnosis when radiographs are taken with errors. Forty-nine patients, 26 females and 23 males, aged 9 to 15 years, were submitted to 3 lateral cephalograms: normal (NHP), with 15° upward head inclination (NHP-Up), and with 15° downward head inclination (NHP-Down). Three examiners evaluated the CVMI on the 147 cephalograms. The agreement among examiners was higher in the evaluation of cephalograms taken in NHP. The weighted Kappa test revealed moderate to substantial agreement between NHP and NHP-Up and between NHP and NHP-Down. There was greater agreement between NHP-Up and NHP-Down. It may be concluded that the evaluation of the CVMI on cephalograms in NHP is different as compared with radiographs taken with inclinations. Both NHP-Up and NHP-Down exhibited greater disagreement in the interpretation among examiners, since the evaluation method was not designed for cephalograms with positioning errors.
Collapse
|