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The role of mesenteric lymph exosomal lipid mediators following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on activation of inflammation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 89:1099-1106. [PMID: 32769950 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia caused by hemorrhagic shock is known to induce systemic inflammatory responses. Previous studies have shown that mesenteric lymph (ML) plays a crucial role in gut-mediated inflammation. Lipid mediators, such as lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are present in the postshock ML. Exosomes are also present in the ML and act as transcellular carriers of lipids; however, their role in postshock systemic inflammation has not been revealed. Here, we aimed to identify changes in lipid mediators in ML exosomes after intestinal ischemia. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy, followed by ML duct cannulation. Animals were subjected to 60 minutes of intestinal ischemia by superior mesenteric artery clamping, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Mesenteric lymph was obtained before and after intestinal ischemia, and exosomes were isolated from ML by ultracentrifugation. The biological activity of ML exosomes was determined using the monocyte nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation assay. Lipids of ML exosomes were extracted and quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mesenteric lymph exosome-induced NF-κB activation significantly increased after intestinal ischemia, and lipid analysis revealed a significant increase in the concentration of PUFA-containing LPCs. In addition, PUFA-containing LPCs also induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that biologically active lipid mediators in ML exosomes may be involved in the inflammatory response after intestinal ischemia.
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Leite AA, Reiter RJ, Brandão JCM, Sakae TM, Marinho M, Camargo CR, Oliveira-Junior IS. Melatonin can be, more effective than N-acetylcysteine, protecting acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rat model. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2513. [PMID: 33978073 PMCID: PMC8075110 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study compared the impact of pretreatment with melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the prevention of rat lung damage following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (iIR). METHODS Twenty-eight Wistar rats were subjected to intestinal ischemia induced by a 60 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Animals were divided into the following groups (n=7 per group): sham, only abdominal incision; SS+iIR, pretreated with saline solution and iIR; NAC+iIR, pretreated with NAC (20 mg/kg) and iIR; MEL+iIR, pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg) and iIR. Oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators were measured and histological analyses were performed in the lung tissues. RESULTS Data showed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and TNF-alpha in the animals pretreated with NAC or MEL when compared to those treated with SS+iIR (p<0.05). An increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the NAC- and MEL-pretreated animals as compared to the SS+iIR group (34±8 U/g of tissue; p<0.05) was also observed. TNF-α levels were lower in the MEL+iIR group (91±5 pg/mL) than in the NAC+iIR group (101±6 pg/mL). Histological analysis demonstrated a higher lung lesion score in the SS+iIR group than in the pretreated groups. CONCLUSION Both agents individually provided tissue protective effect against intestinal IR-induced lung injury, but melatonin was more effective in ameliorating the parameters analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Andrade Leite
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Russel Joseph Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Julio Cezar Mendes Brandão
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Medicina Paliativa, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BR
| | | | - Marcia Marinho
- Departamento de Producao e Saude Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Aracatuba, SP, BR
| | - Celia Regina Camargo
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Medicina Intensiva, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Itamar Souza Oliveira-Junior
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Medicina Intensiva, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Li Y, Xu G, Hu S, Wu H, Dai Y, Zhang W, Tang F, Luo H, Shi X. Electroacupuncture alleviates intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by activating dopamine in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia. Acupunct Med 2020; 39:208-216. [PMID: 32517478 DOI: 10.1177/0964528420922232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 involves dopamine (DA) and its receptor and whether it is mediated by the vagus nerve in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Rats were subjected to gut ischaemia for 30 min and then received EA for 30 min with or without abdominal vagotomy or intraperitoneal administration of butaclamol (D1 receptor antagonist) or spiperone (D2 receptor antagonist). Plasma levels of DA and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed 1 or 4 h after reperfusion. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in intestinal tissues were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Intestinal tissue injury was assessed by observation of the pathological lesions and permeability to 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. RESULTS EA significantly increased levels of DA and lowered levels of TNF-α. EA also inhibited intestinal levels of MPO and MDA and intestinal tissue injury and decreased intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran. Abdominal vagotomy and intraperitoneal administration of butaclamol (but not spiperone) inhibited the effects of EA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that EA at ST36 could attenuate intestinal I/R-induced inflammatory injury and that the underlying mechanism may involve EA-induced increases in levels of DA, mediated by the vagus nerve and D1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anyang, China
| | - Guochen Xu
- Out-Patient Department, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Hu
- Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Trauma Repair and Tissue Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anyang, China
| | - Yuelong Dai
- Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy, Langfang, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fubo Tang
- Chengdu Hospital of Sichuan Provincial Corps, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmin Luo
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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El-Sayed LA, Osama E, Mehesen MN, Rashed LA, Aboulkhair AG, Omar AI, Shams Eldeen AM. Contribution of angiotensin II in hepatic ischemia /reperfusion induced lung injury: Acute versus chronic usage of captopril. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 60:101888. [PMID: 31923459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury is one of the most popular consequences of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recently it was documented that renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in tissue inflammation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (the principal liver injury mediators) during I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the effect of acute versus chronic usage of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on liver inflammation and lung injury caused by hepatic ischemia for 1h followed by 24h reperfusion. Forty adult Wistar male rats were divided into sham, I/R, I/R-acute captopril (100 mg/kg, 24 and 1.5 h before surgery) and I/R-chronic captopril (10 mg/kg/day for 28 days before surgery) groups. RESULTS We found captopril pretreatment significantly decreased liver damage indices, adhesion molecules, and TNF-α level in hepatic and tracheal tissues. Histologically, acute captopril pretreatment significantly decreased hepatic Kupffer cells number and lung α-smooth muscle actin expression more than chronic pretreatment. Increased tracheal tone, in response to acetylcholine, was suppressed by acute and chronic captopril pretreatment. CONCLUSION Angiotensin II plays a key role in tissue inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) via enhancing production of TNF-α. With more protection observed in lung, acute captopril could attenuate liver-induced lung injury via lowering TNF-α; a suggested possible mediator of airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Osama
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Marwa Nagi Mehesen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abeer Ibraheem Omar
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Stringa P, Lausada N, Romanin D, Portiansky E, Zanuzzi C, Machuca M, Gondolesi G, Rumbo M. Pretreatment Combination Reduces Remote Organ Damage Secondary to Intestinal Reperfusion Injury in Mice: Follow-up Study. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Akinrinmade FJ, Akinrinde AS, Soyemi OO, Oyagbemi AA. Antioxidant Potential of the Methanol Extract of Parquetina nigrescens Mediates Protection Against Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2015; 13:420-32. [PMID: 26634775 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parquetina nigrescens is a medicinal herb with recognized antioxidant properties and potential to alleviate conditions associated with oxidative stress, including gastric ulcers. We investigated the protective potential of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens (MEPN) against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the intestine of rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into five groups with Group I made up of control rats and Group II consisting of rats experimentally subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (IR) by clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively. Groups III and IV rats also had IR, but were initially pre-treated with MEPN at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, for seven days. Rats in Group V were also pre-treated with Vitamin C, for seven days, before induction of IR. The results showed marked reduction in intestinal epithelial lesions in groups treated with MEPN, compared to the IR group which had severe villi erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhages. There were significant increases in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant reductions in reduced glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity with IR injury, while pre-treatment with either MEPN or Vitamin C prevented these effects. Increases in Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) with IR provided evidence for adaptive responses to oxidative injury during IR and preservation of enzyme activity by MEPN and Vitamin C. Taken together, Parquetina nigrescens provided considerable alleviation of intestinal injury produced by IR, at values much as effective as that offered by Vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadeyemi J Akinrinmade
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Akinleye S Akinrinde
- b Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Olubisi O Soyemi
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- b Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
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Erling Junior N, Montero EFDS, Sannomiya P, Poli-de-Figueiredo LF. Local and remote ischemic preconditioning protect against intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury after supraceliac aortic clamping. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1548-54. [PMID: 24473514 PMCID: PMC3840383 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(12)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tests the hypothesis that local or remote ischemic preconditioning may protect the intestinal mucosa against ischemia and reperfusion injuries resulting from temporary supraceliac aortic clamping. METHODS Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the sham surgery group, the supraceliac aortic occlusion group, the local ischemic preconditioning prior to supraceliac aortic occlusion group, and the remote ischemic preconditioning prior to supraceliac aortic occlusion group. Tissue samples from the small bowel were used for quantitative morphometric analysis of mucosal injury, and blood samples were collected for laboratory analyses. RESULTS Supraceliac aortic occlusion decreased intestinal mucosal length by reducing villous height and elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase and lactate levels. Both local and remote ischemic preconditioning mitigated these histopathological and laboratory changes. CONCLUSIONS Both local and remote ischemic preconditioning protect intestinal mucosa against ischemia and reperfusion injury following supraceliac aortic clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilon Erling Junior
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil
| | | | - Paulina Sannomiya
- Institute of Heart, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
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Song P, Song W, Liu X, Jin C, Xie H, Zhou L, Tuo B, Zheng S. Function and expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator after small intestinal transplantation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62536. [PMID: 23626828 PMCID: PMC3633864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion function of intestinal graft is one of the most important factors for successful intestinal transplantation. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediates HCO3- and Cl- secretions in intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we made investigation on the expression and function of CFTR in an experimental model of murine small intestinal transplantation. Heterotopic intestinal transplantations were performed in syngeneic mice. The mRNA and protein expressions of CFTR were analyzed by real time PCR and western blot. Murine intestinal mucosal HCO3- and Cl- secretions were examined in vitro in Ussing chambers by the pH stat and short circuit current (Isc) techniques. The results showed that forskolin, an activator of CFTR, stimulated jejunal mucosal epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretions in mice, but forskolin-stimulated HCO3- and Cl- secretions in donor and recipient jejunal mucosae of mice after heterotopic jejunal transplantation were markedly decreased, compared with controls (P<0.001). The mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTR in donor and recipient jejunal mucosae of mice were also markedly lower than those in controls (P<0.001), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were markedly increased in donor jejunal mucosae of mice (P<0.001), compared with controls. Further experiments showed that TNFα down-regulated the expression of CFTR mRNA in murine jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, after intestinal transplantation, the function of CFTR was impaired, and its mRNA and protein expressions were down-regulated, which may be induced by TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Song
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosun Liu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Adamicza A, Kaszaki J, Boros M, Hantos Z. Pulmonary mechanical responses to intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion and endotoxin preconditioning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 99:289-301. [PMID: 22982717 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, endotoxin can be translocated. Pretreatment with sublethal doses of endotoxin develops tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion in different organs; however, the tolerance to intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion in the lung has rarely been investigated. Our aim was to study the role of endotoxin pretreatment in the mechanical responses and inflammatory activation induced by intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion in the lung. Wistar rats were preconditioned with a sublethal dose of endotoxin on day -3 or -1. On day 0, anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated rats were subjected to a 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and a subsequent 240-min reperfusion. The low-frequency forced oscillation technique was employed to characterize the separate mechanical responses of the airways and respiratory tissues. Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion caused a significant decrease in airway resistance and increases in tissue resistance and elastance, nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activities. Pretreatment with endotoxin modified both the pulmonary mechanical responses and the inflammatory markers in the lung during intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. We conclude that endotoxin or the endotoxin-induced processes (and humoral mediators) have significant roles in the pathomechanism of the remote pulmonary effect of intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adamicza
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Souza YMD, Fontes B, Martins JO, Sannomiya P, Brito GS, Younes RN, Rasslan S. Evaluation of the effects of ozone therapy in the treatment of intra-abdominal infection in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:195-202. [PMID: 20186304 PMCID: PMC2827707 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antibacterial effect of ozone (O(3)) has been described in the extant literature, but the role of O(3) therapy in the treatment of certain types of infection remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) O(3) application in a cecal ligation/puncture rat model on interleukins (IL-6, IL-10) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 serum levels, acute lung injury and survival rates. METHODS FOUR ANIMAL GROUPS WERE USED FOR THE STUDY: a) the SHAM group underwent laparotomy; b) the cecal ligation/puncture group underwent cecal ligation/puncture procedures; and c) the CLP+O(2) and CLP+O(3) groups underwent CLP+ corresponding gas mixture infusions (i.p.) throughout the observation period. IL-6, CINC-1 and IL-10 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Acute lung injury was evaluated with the Evans blue dye lung leakage method and by lung histology. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS CINC-1 was at the lowest level in the SHAM group and was lower for the CLP+O(3) group vs. the CLP+O(2) group and the cecal ligation/puncture group. IL-10 was lower for the SHAM group vs. the other three groups, which were similar compared to each other. IL-6 was lower for the SHAM group vs. all other groups, was lower for the CLP+O(3) or CLP+O(2) group vs. the cecal ligation/puncture group, and was similar for the CLP+O(3) group vs. the CLP+O(2) group. The lung histology score was lower for the SHAM group vs. the other groups. The Evans blue dye result was lower for the CLP+O(3) group vs. the CLP+O(2) group and the cecal ligation/puncture group but similar to that of the SHAM group. The survival rate for the CLP+O(3) group was lower than for the SHAM group and similar to that for the other 2 groups (CLP and CLP+O(2)). CONCLUSION Ozone therapy modulated the inflammatory response and acute lung injury in the cecal ligation/puncture infection model in rats, although there was no improvement on survival rates.
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Kinross J, Warren O, Basson S, Holmes E, Silk D, Darzi A, Nicholson JK. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury: defining the role of the gut microbiome. Biomark Med 2009; 3:175-92. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury initiates a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a high associated mortality rate. Early diagnosis is essential for reducing surgical mortality, yet current clinical biomarkers are insufficient. Metabonomics is a novel strategy for studying intestinal I/R, which may be used as part of a systems approach for quantitatively analyzing the intestinal microbiome during gut injury. By deconvolving the mammalian–microbial symbiotic relationship systems biology thus has the potential for personalized risk stratification in patients exposed to intestinal I/R. This review describes the mechanism of intestinal I/R and explores the essential role of the intestinal microbiota in the initiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Furthermore, it analyzes current and future approaches for elucidating the mechanism of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kinross
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College London
| | - Oliver Warren
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College London
| | | | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College London
| | - David Silk
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College London
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College London
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Professor of Biological Chemistry, Head of Department of Biomolecular Medicine, SORA, Imperial College, 6th Floor, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Gut ischemia/reperfusion induced acute lung injury is an alveolar macrophage dependent event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 64:1196-200; discussion 1200-1. [PMID: 18469641 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31816c5ca6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of the lung alveolar macrophage (AM) as a mediator of acute lung injury (ALI) after lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been suggested by animal experiments, it has not been determined whether AMs mediate ALI after intestinal I/R. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of AM elimination on ALI after intestinal I/R in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 90) were randomly divided into three groups: the clodronate-liposomes (CLOD-LIP) group received intratracheal treatment with CLOD-LIP; the liposomes (LIP) group received intratracheal treatment with LIP; and the nontreated (UNTREAT) group received no treatment. Twenty-four hours later each group was randomly divided into three subgroups: the intestinal I/R subgroup was subjected to 45-minute intestinal ischemia and 2-hour reperfusion; the laparotomy (LAP) subgroup was subjected to LAP and sham procedures; the control (CTR) subgroup received no treatment. At the end of reperfusion, ALI was quantitated in all the animals by the Evans blue dye (EBD) method. RESULTS ALI values are expressed as EBD lung leakage (microg EBD/g dry lung weight). EBD lung leakage values in the CLOD-LIP group were 32.59 +/- 12.74 for I/R, 27.74 +/- 7.99 for LAP, and 33.52 +/- 10.17 for CTR. In the LIP group, lung leakage values were 58.02 +/- 18.04 for I/R, 31.90 +/- 8.72 for LAP, and 27.17 +/- 11.48 for CTR. In the UNTREAT group, lung leakage values were 55.60 +/- 10.96 for I/R, 35.99 +/- 6.89 for LAP, and 30.83 +/- 8.41 for CTR. Within each group, LAP values did not differ from CTR values. However, in the LIP and UNTREAT groups, values for both the LAP and CTR subgroups were lower than values for the I/R subgroup (p < 0.001). The CLOD-LIP I/R subgroup value was less (p < 0.001) than the I/R subgroup values in the LIP and UNTREAT groups. These results indicated that I/R provokes ALI that can be prevented by CLOD-LIP treatment, and further suggested that AMs are essential for ALI occurrence induced by intestinal I/R in rats.
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Higa OH, Parra ER, Ab'Saber AM, Farhat C, Higa R, Capelozzi VL. Protective effects of ascorbic acid pretreatment in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a histomorphometric study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2007; 62:315-20. [PMID: 17589673 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322007000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid has shown promise in attenuation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of ascorbic acid on intestinal morphology during IR injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined morphological changes in the small intestine of Wistar rats after (i) 40 minutes of ischemia (I), (ii) ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion (IR), (iii) ischemia with ascorbic acid (IA), (iv) ischemia followed by reperfusion and ascorbic acid (IRA) and (v) in a sham group (S). We used morphometry to evaluate the amount of villous architecture, crypts, necrosis, hemorrhagic infarcts and inflammatory cells at the mesenteric and antimesenteric borders of the small intestine. RESULTS Ascorbic acid caused a significant reduction of antimesenteric villous hemorrhagic infarction (p<0.05) of the small intestine after ischemia followed by reperfusion as well as villous necrosis reduction at both borders after ischemia (p<0.05). The lesions found in the small intestine were more prominent along the antimesenteric margin. CONCLUSIONS Ascorbic acid pretreatment has a protective effect against the intestinal morphological lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Haruo Higa
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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