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Boot M, Winters R. Managing massive palatial defect secondary to palatoplasty failures: an in-depth analysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 32:269-277. [PMID: 38393699 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Massive palatal defects resulting from palatoplasty failures arising from cleft palate repair complications present ongoing challenges in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date insights into aetiology, risk factors, surgical techniques, and adjunctive therapies, aiming to enhance the understanding of such complex cases, and optimize patient outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Primary palatoplasty has fistula recurrence rates ranging from 2.4% to 55%. Factors such as cleft width, surgical repair method, and patient characteristics, influence the likelihood of failure. Classifications such as the Pakistan Comprehensive Classification and Richardson's criteria aid in assessing defects. Surgical options range from local flaps and revision palatoplasty to regional flaps (e.g., buccinator myomucosal, facial artery-based flaps, tongue flaps, nasal septal flaps) to free microvascular flaps. Alternative approaches include obturator prostheses, and acellular dermal matrix has been used as an adjuvant to multiple repair techniques. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has emerged as an adjunctive therapy to enhance tissue healing. SUMMARY This comprehensive review underscores the intricate challenges associated with massive palatal defects resulting from palatoplasty failures. The diverse range of surgical and nonsurgical options emphasizes the importance of patient-centric, individualized approaches. Practitioners, armed with evidence-based insights, can navigate these complexities, offering tailored interventions for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Boot
- John Hunter Hospital Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Winters
- John Hunter Hospital Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Tulane University Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
- Tulane University Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Ahmad MM, Taiwo AO, Suleiman IK, Bala M, Oyebunmi BR, Sajo A. Galeo-Pericranial Flap-A Rich Pedicle Flap for Temporisation of Large Maxillofacial Defect: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2024; 14:109-112. [PMID: 38486657 PMCID: PMC10936897 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large facial defects is quite a challenging and difficult task. Various surgical options are available, each with its challenges and complications. Galeo-pericranial flap has provided a suitable technique for reconstruction of radical parotidectomy defects with satisfactory outcomes. A 50-year-old farmer with a histologically diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the right parotid gland of 15 years duration had radical parotidectomy and reconstruction of the defect with galeo-pericranial flap. The patient was followed up for 2 years, and the flap was completely taken with no donor site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Modibbo Ahmad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju Taiwo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Kayode Suleiman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mujtaba Bala
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmajeed Sajo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Chung SW, Hong JW, Lee WJ, Kim YO. Extended temporalis flap for skull base reconstruction. Arch Craniofac Surg 2019; 20:126-129. [PMID: 31048650 PMCID: PMC6505427 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2018.02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, a galeal flap has been used for skull base reconstruction. In addition to the galeal flap, several other flaps, such as the temporalis muscle flap or the free vascularized flap, can be options for skull base reconstruction, and each option has advantages and disadvantages. Certain cases, however, can be challengeable in the application of these flaps. We successfully managed to cover a skull base defect using an extended temporalis flap. Herein, we present the case and introduce this novel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Won Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Oock Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Superficial temporal artery flap for reconstruction of complex facial defects: A new algorithm. Arch Plast Surg 2018; 45:118-127. [PMID: 29506337 PMCID: PMC5869424 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2017.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of island flaps can be based on the superficial temporal artery with variable tissue composition. They can be used for defect reconstruction, cavity resurfacing, facial hair restoration, or contracture release. Methods Seventy-two patients underwent facial reconstruction using a superficial temporal artery island flap from October 2010 to October 2014. The defects had various etiologies, including trauma, burns, tumors, exposed hardware, and congenital causes. We classified the patients by indication into 5 groups: cavity resurfacing, contracture release, facial hair restoration, skin coverage, and combined. The demographic data of the patients, defect characteristics, operative procedures, postoperative results, and complications were retrospectively documented. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 54 months. Results A total of 24 females and 48 males were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 33.7±15.6 years. The flaps were used for contracture release in 13 cases, cavity resurfacing in 10 cases, skin coverage in 17 cases, facial hair restoration in 19 cases, and combined defects in 13 cases. No major complications were reported. Conclusion: Based on our experiences with the use of superficial temporal artery island flaps, we have developed a detailed approach for the optimal management of patients with composite facial defects. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a systematic algorithm to use for such patients.
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Perenyi A, Bere Z, Jarabin J, Sztano B, Kukla E, Bikhazi Z, Tiszlavicz L, Toth F, Kiss JG, Rovo L. Vascular mapping of the retroauricular skin - proposal for a posterior superior surgical incision for transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing implants. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:6. [PMID: 28095914 PMCID: PMC5240203 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-016-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive transcutaneous osseointegrated hearing implant systems have become increasingly popular more recently. The area over the implant is vulnerable due to vibration and pressure from the externally worn sound processor. Good perfusion and neural integrity has the potential to reduce complications. The authors' objective was to determine the ideal surgical exposure to maintain perfusion and neural integrity and decrease surgical time as a result of reduced bleeding. METHODS The vascular anatomy of the temporal-parietal soft tissue was examined in a total of 50 subjects. Imaging diagnostics included magnetic resonance angiography in 12 and Doppler ultrasound in 25 healthy subjects to reveal the arterial network. Cadaver dissection of 13 subjects formed the control group. The prevalence of the arteries were statistically analyzed with sector analysis in the surgically relevant area. RESULTS The main arterial branches of this region could be well identified with each method. Statistical analysis showed that the arterial pattern was similar in all subjects. The prevalence of major arteries is low in the upper posterior area though large in proximity to the auricle region. CONCLUSIONS Diverse methods indicate the advantages of a posterior superior incision because the major arteries and nerves are at less risk of damage and best preserved. Although injury to these structures is rare, when it occurs, the distal flow is compromised and the peri-implant area is left intact. Hand-held Doppler is efficient and cost-effective in finding the best position for incision, if necessary, in subjects with a history of surgical stress to the retroauricular skin. TRIAL REGISTRATION This was a non-interventional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Perenyi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsofia Bere
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Jarabin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sztano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Kukla
- Affidea Diagnosztika kft., Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ziad Bikhazi
- Affidea Diagnosztika kft., Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 2, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Toth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Geza Kiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Rovo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
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Medved F, Manoli T, Medesan R, Janghorban Esfahani B, Stahl S, Schaller HE, Brodoefel H, Ernemann U, Korn A. In vivo analysis of the vascular pattern of the superficial temporal artery based on digital subtraction angiography. Microsurgery 2014; 35:380-6. [PMID: 25363678 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing anatomic descriptions of the superficial temporal artery (STA) are mainly based on cadaver studies and do not accurately reflect the in vivo situation. In this study, the anatomical course and branching pattern of the STA were analyzed with digital subtraction angiographies (DSAs). METHODS DSAs of 93 Caucasian individuals between 16- and 79-years old were retrospectively analyzed regarding the course and branching pattern of the STA as well as surgically relevant inner diameters and lengths of its main branches. RESULTS In total, 11 variations in the branching pattern of the terminal STA were found. About 89% of the examined individuals demonstrated the classic variation in which the main trunk of the STA bifurcates into a single frontal and parietal branch. In 60% of cases with an existing bifurcation, the division of the main trunk of the STA was located above the zygoma. The mean inner diameters of the STA main trunk, the frontal branch and the parietal branch were 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, 1.3 ± 0.6 mm and 1.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. The surgically relevant "working lengths" of the frontal and parietal branches above the upper margin of the zygoma up to an inner diameter of 1 mm were 106.4 ± 62.1mm and 99.7 ± 40.9 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The common variations of the branching pattern of the STA are described in this study. Furthermore, surgically relevant inner diameters and lengths of the main branches of the STA are determined. These findings should improve our understanding of the suitability and usefulness of the STA for various surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Medved
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Theodora Manoli
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Raluca Medesan
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Babak Janghorban Esfahani
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Stahl
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Eberhard Schaller
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Brodoefel
- Deparment of Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- Deparment of Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Korn
- Deparment of Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Pinto FR, de Magalhães RP, de Aquino Capelli F, Brandão LG, Kanda JL. Pedicled Temporoparietal Galeal Flap for Reconstruction of Intraoral Defects. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117:581-6. [DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this report we aim to describe the surgical technique required to utilize the pedicled temporoparietal galeal flap for repair of selected intraoral defects and to report our experience with this type of reconstructive procedure. Methods: The charts of 6 consecutive patients submitted to reconstruction of intraoral defects using the pedicled temporoparietal galeal flap were reviewed. All of the defects were located in the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx. After resection of the oral cancer, the temporoparietal galeal flap, based on the superficial temporal vessels, was raised and transposed to the mouth through a tunnel under the zygomatic arch. The oral defect was repaired, and no skin graft was applied over the flap. Results: There were no flap losses, and the reconstructive goal was achieved in all cases. The patients' deglutition and phonation abilities were restored, and the donor site scars were well hidden by hair growth. Conclusions: The pedicled temporoparietal galeal flap is another option for selected cases of reconstruction of intraoral defects — Mainly those located in the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx, in which thin and pliable tissues are usually required.
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