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Abnormalities in emotional and motor reactions among young prehypertensive individuals: employing continuous blood pressure analysis. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2040-2050. [PMID: 33973958 PMCID: PMC8452329 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Essential hypertension is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases and a major cause of premature death in industrialized societies. A predisposing factor for essential hypertension is prehypertension: blood pressure (BP) values at rest that are at the higher end of the normal range. Abnormally enhanced cardiovascular responses to motor and emotional tasks have been found as predictors of essential hypertension. Yet, knowledge regarding the BP reaction to aversive stimuli and motor reaction in prehypertension is limited. Methods: We compared the reaction to aversive and neutral stimuli inducing an emotional response (experiment 1) and to the isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) inducing a motor response (experiment 2), between prehypertensive and normotensive controls. BP reactions were measured and analyzed in a continuous fashion, in contrast to previous studies that averaged BP responses across blocks. We applied a multilevel B-spline model, a continuous analysis that enabled a better understanding of the BP time course and the detection of subtle differences between groups. Results: In both tasks, we found that prehypertensive individuals showed enhanced DBP reactions compared with normotensive controls; prehypertensive individuals exhibited lower BP responses to aversive pictures and higher BP responses to the IHE. These results are in line with previous studies with healthy or hypertensive participants and suggest abnormalities already in the prehypertensive stage. Conclusion: Considering the high frequency and health risks related to prehypertension, understanding the autonomic reactions to emotional and motor stimuli in this population is of clinical and theoretical importance and could serve as a behavioural marker to identify at-risk groups.
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Evaluation of Coherence Between ECG and PPG Derived Parameters on Heart Rate Variability and Respiration in Healthy Volunteers With/Without Controlled Breathing. J Med Biol Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-019-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Prazeres TMPD, Correia MDA, Cucato GG, Gomes CC, Ritti-Dias RM. Cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise after an aerobic session. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:329-335. [PMID: 28736212 PMCID: PMC5628370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic and mean BP were higher during resistance exercise after aerobic exercise. Peak heart rate values were higher during resistance exercise after aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise before resistance exercise promoted higher cardiovascular work.
Objective To analyze the influence of previous aerobic exercise on cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise. Methods This is a crossover observational study. The sample included 19 normotensive men aged between 19 and 39 years. Subjects performed two experimental sessions in random order: resistance exercise (R: three sets of knee extension exercises with 40% of one repetition maximum) and aerobic exercise + resistance exercise (A + R: 30 min of aerobic exercise followed by R protocol). In both sessions, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored beat-by-beat by finger photoplethysmography. Results After aerobic exercise in the A + R session, there was a maintenance of systolic BP −2 (95% CI: −6; 2) mmHg (P = 0.35), diastolic 1 (95% CI: −2; 5) mmHg (P = 0.40) and mean BP 0 (95% CI: −4; 4) mmHg (P = 0.91) and an increase in heart rate 11 (95% CI: 7; 16) bpm (P < 0.001). Diastolic and mean BP increased and peak heart rate was higher during resistance exercise in the A + R session compared to the R session. Differences between sessions: diastolic BP 7 (95% CI: 2; 12) mmHg (P = 0.03); mean BP 8 (95% CI: 2; 13) mmHg (P = 0.05); and peak heart rate 18 (95% CI: 13; 23) bpm (P < 0.001). The increases in systolic BP during resistance exercise were similar between sessions 16 (95% CI: 6; 26) mmHg (P = 0.43). Conclusion Aerobic exercise before resistance exercise increased diastolic and mean BP and heart rate. However, due to the sample size of 19 individuals, the results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilia De Almeida Correia
- Programa Associado de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Crivaldo Cardoso Gomes
- Centro de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Bond V, Curry BH, Adams RG, Obisesan T, Pemminati S, Gorantla VR, Kadur K, Millis RM. Cardiovascular Responses to an Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Females with Prehypertension. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 8:243-9. [PMID: 27500128 PMCID: PMC4960933 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.185032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive individuals are known to exhibit greater increases in blood pressure during an isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) than their normotensive counterparts. AIM This study tests the hypothesis that, compared to normotensive individuals, prehypertensive individuals exhibit an exaggerated response to IHE. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the effects of IHE were compared in matched prehypertensive vs. normotensive healthy African-American females. Six healthy young adult African-American female university students were screened in a physician's office for blood pressure in the range of prehypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80-89 mmHg. Six young adult African-American women were also recruited to serve as a healthy normotensive control group with SBP ≤119 mmHg and DBP ≤79 mmHg. Cardiovascular fitness was determined by peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) measured during a progressive exercise test. RESULTS During the handgrip exercise, the prehypertensive group exhibited greater increases in SBP (from 139 ± 6 to 205 ± 11 mmHg, +48%) than the controls (from 132 ± 3 to 145 ± 3 mmHg, +10%); intergroup difference P < 0.001. The prehypertensive group also exhibited greater increases in DBP (from 77 ± 2 to 112 ± 5 mmHg, +46%) compared to the controls (from 72 ± 3 to 78 ± 4 mmHg, +8%); intergroup difference P < 0.001. The increase in systemic vascular resistance was also greater in the prehypertensive group (from 1713 ± 91 to 2807 ± 370 dyne.s.cm(-5), +64%) than in the controls (from 1668 ± 80 to 1812 ± 169 dyne.s.cm(-5), +9%); intergroup difference P < 0.05. CONCLUSION These results suggest that blood pressure measurements performed during IHE may be a useful screening tool in evaluating prehypertensive individuals for antihypertensive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Bond
- Department of Recreation, Human Performance and Leisure Studies and Exercise Science and Human Nutrition Laboratory, Howard University Cancer Centre, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bryan H. Curry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Howard College of Medicine and Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Richard G. Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Thomas Obisesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sudhakar Pemminati
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda, and Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasavi R. Gorantla
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Neuroscience, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Kishan Kadur
- Department of Medical Physiology, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Richard M. Millis
- Department of Medical Physiology, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
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Rocha NG, Sales AR, Miranda RL, Silva MS, Silva JF, Silva BM, Santos AA, Nóbrega AC. Aerobic exercise modulation of mental stress-induced responses in cultured endothelial progenitor cells from healthy and metabolic syndrome subjects. Life Sci 2015; 123:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vianna LC, Silva BM, Nóbrega ACL. Sex differences in blood pressure responses to mental stress are abolished after a single bout of exercise: underlying hemodynamic mechanisms. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:213-9. [PMID: 24497232 PMCID: PMC10717600 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the pressor responses to mental stress (MS) are exaggerated in men due to heightened cardiac responses, before and after a bout of exercise. Fifteen men and 19 women underwent a protocol consisting of blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and forearm vascular assessments at baseline and during MS, and these measurements were performed before and 60 min after a bout of exercise. Before exercise, BP response was significantly augmented in men (Δ16 ± 2 mmHg) compared to women (Δ11 ± 1 mmHg). This BP response was accompanied by greater increases in CO in men and similar vascular responses between sexes. After exercise, BP and CO responses to MS were attenuated in men and, consequently, no sex differences were observed. Vascular responses were not affected by exercise. The mechanism underlying the lack of sex differences in BP response to MS after exercise was found to be a marked attenuation in CO in men only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro C Vianna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Prof. Hernani Pires de Melo 101/106, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil,
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Sales ARK, Fernandes IA, Rocha NG, Costa LS, Rocha HNM, Mattos JDM, Vianna LC, Silva BM, Nóbrega ACL. Aerobic exercise acutely prevents the endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress among subjects with metabolic syndrome: the role of shear rate. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H963-71. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00811.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental stress induces transient endothelial dysfunction, which is an important finding for subjects at cardiometabolic risk. Thus, we tested whether aerobic exercise prevents this dysfunction among subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and whether an increase in shear rate during exercise plays a role in this phenomenon. Subjects with MetS participated in two protocols. In protocol 1 ( n = 16), endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Subjects then underwent a mental stress test followed by either 40 min of leg cycling or rest across two randomized sessions. FMD was assessed again at 30 and 60 min after exercise or rest, with a second mental stress test in between. Mental stress reduced FMD at 30 and 60 min after the rest session (baseline: 7.7 ± 0.4%, 30 min: 5.4 ± 0.5%, and 60 min: 3.9 ± 0.5%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline), whereas exercise prevented this reduction (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.4%, 30 min: 7.2 ± 0.7%, and 60 min: 8.7 ± 0.8%, P > 0.05 vs. baseline). Protocol 2 ( n = 5) was similar to protocol 1 except that the first period of mental stress was followed by either exercise in which the brachial artery shear rate was attenuated via forearm cuff inflation or exercise without a cuff. Noncuffed exercise prevented the reduction in FMD (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.7%, 30 min: 7.0 ± 0.7%, and 60 min: 8.7 ± 0.8%, P > 0.05 vs. baseline), whereas cuffed exercise failed to prevent this reduction (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.6%, 30 min: 5.4 ± 0.8%, and 60 min: 4.1 ± 0.9%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). In conclusion, exercise prevented mental stress-induced endothelial dysfunction among subjects with MetS, and an increase in shear rate during exercise mediated this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R. K. Sales
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Igor A. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Natália G. Rocha
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Lucas S. Costa
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Helena N. M. Rocha
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - João D. M. Mattos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Lauro C. Vianna
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Bruno M. Silva
- Department of Physiology, Section of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. L. Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
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Brito ADF, de Oliveira CVC, Santos MDSB, Santos ADC. High-intensity exercise promotes postexercise hypotension greater than moderate intensity in elderly hypertensive individuals. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 34:126-32. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline de F. Brito
- Physical Education Department; Federal University of Paraiba; João Pessoa Brazil
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Caio Victor C. de Oliveira
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro B. Santos
- Physical Education Department; Federal University of Paraiba; João Pessoa Brazil
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Amilton da C. Santos
- Physical Education Department; Federal University of Paraiba; João Pessoa Brazil
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
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Rocha-e-Silva M. Cardiovascular research in CLINICS. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:727-31. [PMID: 23778482 PMCID: PMC3674271 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gomes AM, Rocha-e-Silva M. Exercise and its interactions with various aspects of man and animal lives. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2012; 20:356-66. [PMID: 24453632 PMCID: PMC3861955 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
To review recently published papers in the Brazilian Scientific press on the general subject of physical exercise. All articles published in 2010/2011 found through the keyword exercise were collected from 11 Brazilian Journals. They were hand filtered to exclude all but original research papers. They were grouped according to subject categories and subcategories. A brief summary of all included articles was produced, comparing similar articles between them. The most commonly found interactions refer to exercise vs. the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the locomotor system, in this order. The volume of scientific research in the field is high and of sufficient quality to justify highlighting.
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Neves FJ, Carvalho ACG, Rocha NG, Silva BM, Sales ARK, de Castro RRT, Rocha JD, Thomaz TG, Nóbrega ACL. Hemodynamic mechanisms of the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise in healthy subjects. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:610-6. [PMID: 22584644 PMCID: PMC3854267 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after exercise, 26 healthy sedentary individuals (age 29 ± 8 years) underwent the Stroop color-word test before and 60 min after a bout of maximal dynamic exercise on a treadmill. A subgroup (N = 11) underwent a time-control experiment without exercise. Blood pressure was continuously and noninvasively recorded by infrared finger photoplethysmography. Stroke volume was derived from pressure signals, and cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Perceived mental stress scores were comparable between mental stress tests both in the exercise (P = 0.96) and control (P = 0.24) experiments. After exercise, the systolic blood pressure response to mental stress was attenuated (pre: 10 ± 13 vs post: 6 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) along with lower values of systolic blood pressure (pre: 129 ± 3 vs post: 125 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), stroke volume (pre: 89.4 ± 3.5 vs post: 76.8 ± 3.8 mL; P < 0.05), and cardiac output (pre: 7.00 ± 0.30 vs post: 6.51 ± 0.36 L/min; P < 0.05). Except for heart rate, the hemodynamic responses and the mean values during the two mental stress tests in the control experiment were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise attenuates the blood pressure response to mental stress in healthy subjects, along with lower stroke volume and cardiac output, denoting an acute modulatory action of exercise on the central hemodynamic response to mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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