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Yoo C, Maury J, Gonzalez DE, Ko J, Xing D, Jenkins V, Dickerson B, Leonard M, Estes L, Johnson S, Chun J, Broeckel J, Pradelles R, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Effects of Supplementation with a Microalgae Extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Containing Fucoxanthin on Cognition and Markers of Health in Older Individuals with Perceptions of Cognitive Decline. Nutrients 2024; 16:2999. [PMID: 39275314 PMCID: PMC11397347 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is a microalgae extract that contains fucoxanthin and has been shown to enhance cognitive function in younger populations. The present study assessed if PT supplementation affects cognition in healthy, young-old, physically active adults with self-perceptions of cognitive and memory decline. METHODS Forty-three males and females (64.3 ± 6.0 years, 79.8 ± 16.0 kg, 27.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2) with perceptions of cognitive and memory decline completed the double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial. Participants were counterbalanced by sex and BMI and randomly allocated to their respective 12-week supplementation interventions, which were either the placebo (PL) or 1100 mg/day of PT containing 8.8 mg of fucoxanthin (FX). Fasting blood samples were collected, and cognitive assessments were performed during the testing session at 0, 4, and 12 weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate general linear model (GLM) analyses with repeated measures, pairwise comparisons, and mean changes from baseline analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS FX supplementation significantly affected (p < 0.05) or exhibited tendencies toward significance (p > 0.05 to p < 0.10 with effect sizes ranging from medium to large) for word recall, picture recognition reaction time, Stroop color-word test, choice reaction time, and digit vigilance test variables. Additionally, FX supplementation promoted a more consistent clinical improvement from baseline values when examining mean changes with 95% CIs, although most differences were seen over time rather than between groups. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate some evidence that FX supplementation can improve working and secondary memory, vigilance, attention, accuracy, and executive function. There was also evidence that FX promoted more positive effects on insulin sensitivity and perceptions about sleep quality with no negative effects on clinical blood panels or perceived side effects. Additional research should investigate how FX may affect cognition in individuals perceiving memory and cognitive decline. Registered clinical trial #NCT05759910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongsung Yoo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jonathan Maury
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Joungbo Ko
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Dante Xing
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Broderick Dickerson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Megan Leonard
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Landry Estes
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jisun Chun
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jacob Broeckel
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Rémi Pradelles
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J. Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab., Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.Y.); (D.E.G.); (J.K.); (D.X.); (V.J.); (B.D.); (M.L.); (L.E.); (S.J.); (J.C.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
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Olegário RL, Fernandes SR, de Moraes R. Efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Health 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37822255 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2267610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematically review randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older people. MEASURES The outcome measures were related to inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS Thirty-one trials were included in the systematic review and thirteen trials in the meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the cognitive training enhanced inhibitory control when measured by the Stroop task (p < .001, d = 1.64) and working memory when measured by the Corsi Block task (p = .002, d = .16). A marginal significance was found for working memory in the Digit Span task - Forward (p = .06, d = .92). However, cognitive training did not enhance inhibitory control when measured by the Go/No-Go task (p = .76, d = .59), working memory when measured by the Digit Span - Backward (p = .72, d = .95) and N-Back (p = .10, d = .26) tasks, and cognitive flexibility when measured by Trail Making - Part B (p = .08, d = .27) and Semantic Fluency (p = .49, d = .06) tasks. CONCLUSION Mixed evidence was found for inhibitory control and working memory; cognitive flexibility showed no evidence of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lopes Olegário
- Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Behavioural Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rui de Moraes
- Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Behavioural Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Castelli V, Lavanco G, D’Amico C, Feo S, Tringali G, Kuchar M, Cannizzaro C, Brancato A. CBD enhances the cognitive score of adolescent rats prenatally exposed to THC and fine-tunes relevant effectors of hippocampal plasticity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237485. [PMID: 37583903 PMCID: PMC10424934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An altered neurodevelopmental trajectory associated with prenatal exposure to ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) leads to aberrant cognitive processing through a perturbation in the effectors of hippocampal plasticity in the juvenile offspring. As adolescence presents a unique window of opportunity for "brain reprogramming", we aimed at assessing the role of the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) as a rescue strategy to temper prenatal THC-induced harm. Methods: To this aim, Wistar rats prenatally exposed to THC (2 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle (gestational days 5-20) were tested for specific indexes of spatial and configural memory in the reinforcement-motivated Can test and in the aversion-driven Barnes maze test during adolescence. Markers of hippocampal excitatory plasticity and endocannabinoid signaling-NMDAR subunits NR1 and 2A-, mGluR5-, and their respective scaffold proteins PSD95- and Homer 1-; CB1R- and the neuromodulatory protein HINT1 mRNA levels were evaluated. CBD (40 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to the adolescent offspring before the cognitive tasks. Results: The present results show that prenatal THC impairs hippocampal memory functions and the underlying synaptic plasticity; CBD is able to mitigate cognitive impairment in both reinforcement- and aversion-related tasks and the neuroadaptation of hippocampal excitatory synapses and CB1R-related signaling. Discussion: While this research shows CBD potential in dampening prenatal THC-induced consequences, we point out the urgency to curb cannabis use during pregnancy in order to avoid detrimental bio-behavioral outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare D’Amico
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies and ATEN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies and ATEN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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El entrenamiento cognitivo en los ancianos y efectos en las funciones ejecutivas. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2016.19.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
El envejecimiento se asocia comúnmente con el deterioro cognitivo y la pérdida de otras capacidades, lo cual conlleva la necesidad de investigar elementos que puedan contribuir a las intervenciones preventivas de rehabilitación cognitiva y que tienen como objetivo garantizar la calidad de vida de los ancianos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar ancianos que se inscribieron en esta intervención, para medir los efectos del entrenamiento cognitivo, con énfasis en las funciones ejecutivas, comparando un grupo experimental con un grupo control. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, con un diseño cuasi-experimental; es correlacional y comparativa, con pre y post-test e intervención. La muestra estuvo conformada por 83 ancianos, dividida en un grupo experimental (GE) (45 personas) y un grupo control (GC) (38 personas). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: entrevista neuropsicológica semiestructurada sobre características sociodemográficas; Examen Mínimo del Estado Mental (Mini Mental State o MMSE, por sus siglas en inglés); Inventario de Ansiedad Beck (BAI, por sus siglas en inglés); Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS, por sus siglas en inglés); subpruebas WAIS-III: prueba de amplitud de dígitos (Digit Span), vocabulario, diseño con bloques, codificación, Secuenciación de Letras y Números (LNS por sus siglas en inglés), y la búsqueda de símbolos; Test de Trazos (TMT por sus siglas en inglés); Figuras Complejas de Rey; Paradigma de Sternberg; tareas de fluidez verbal sobre semántica (animales) y fonemas (F-A-S); Prueba de Aprendizaje Verbal-auditiva de Rey (RVLT por sus siglas en inglés); Prueba de Stroop: colores y palabras; tareas ir/no ir; y Test Wisconsin de Clasificación de Cartas (WCST por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados de la comparación entre los grupos mostraron que hubo una diferencia significativa en cuanto al número de errores en el Paradigma de Sternberg y las categorías completas del WCST. Las comparaciones intragrupales mostraron que el GE tuvo mejores resultados después de la intervención en las siguientes pruebas: GDS, RAVLT, Figuras Complejas de Rey (memoria), prueba de amplitud de dígitos y vocabulario.
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