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Rodrigues JA, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. A systematic review on products derived from nematophagous fungi in the biological control of parasitic helminths of animals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:224. [PMID: 38822201 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Nematophagous fungi have been widely evaluated in the biological control of parasitic helminths in animals, both through their direct use and the use of their derived products. Fungal bioproducts can include extracellular enzymes, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as well as secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review covering the evaluation of products derived from nematophagous fungi in the biological control of parasitic helminths in animals. In total, 33 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The majority of the studies were conducted in Brazil (72.7%, 24/33), and bioproducts derived from the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans were the most commonly evaluated (36.3%, 12/33). The studies involved the production of extracellular enzymes (48.4%, 16/33), followed by crude enzymatic extract (27.2%, 9/33), secondary metabolites (15.1%, 5/33) and biosynthesis of AgNPs (9.1%, 3/33). The most researched extracellular enzymes were serine proteases (37.5%, 6/16), with efficacies ranging from 23.9 to 85%; proteases (31.2%, 5/16), with efficacies from 41.4 to 95.4%; proteases + chitinases (18.7%, 3/16), with efficacies from 20.5 to 43.4%; and chitinases (12.5%, 2/16), with efficacies ranging from 12 to 100%. In conclusion, extracellular enzymes are the most investigated derivatives of nematophagous fungi, with proteases being promising strategies in the biological control of animal helminths. Further studies under in vivo and field conditions are needed to explore the applicability of these bioproducts as tools for biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossiara Abrante Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health, Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Sate of Paraíba, Patos, Brazil
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Institute of Paraíba - IFPB, State of Paraíba, Sousa, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health, Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Sate of Paraíba, Patos, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Institute of Paraíba - IFPB, State of Paraíba, Sousa, Brazil.
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Gives PMD, Rodríguez-Labastida M, Olmedo-Juárez A, Gamboa-Angulo MM, Reyes-Estebanez M. A Nematode Crude Extract Acts as an Elicitor of the Nematocidal Activity of Nematophagous Fungi Liquid Culture Filtrates Against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:678-686. [PMID: 35013941 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate if culturing nematophagous fungi (NF) in the presence of a Haemonchus contortus larva crude extract (HcCE) enhances the nematocidal activity of nematophagous fungi liquid culture filtrates (NFCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four NF Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. musiformis, Duddingtonia flagrans and Clonostachys rosea were cultured in flasks (n = 5) containing Czapek-Dox broth medium (CDB) in the presence or absence of HcCE. NFCF recovered by filtration of each fungus (200 mg/mL) were assessed on H. contortus infective larvae (L3) using 96-well micro-titer plates (n = 4). Additionally, CDB and water were considered negative controls, while Ivermectin acted as a positive control. After 48 h confrontation, ten 10-μL aliquots of each well were deposited on slides and observed under the microscope (40 ×). Dead and alive larvae in the aliquots were quantified, and a mortality rate (MR) was estimated. RESULTS The MR of the different NFCF was greatly enhanced by the presence of HcCE. The four NF incubated in the absence of HcCE showed low mortality percentages from 8.2 to 25.8%; in contrast, when the assessed NF growth in the presence of HcCE showed a lethal activity ranging from 66.8 to 80.5%. Only C. rosea showed a moderate increase in the presence of the elicitor (42.7%). CONCLUSION This study shows evidence about the HcCE enhances the production of nematocidal activity in NFCF. Future studies should be performed to elucidate the compounds responsible of the nematocidal activity that could have important implications in the control of sheep haemonchosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Unidad de Investigación en Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marilem Rodríguez-Labastida
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación en Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Manuela Reyes-Estebanez
- Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar S/N Entre Calle 20 y Juan de la Barrera, Col. Buenavista, 24039, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
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Costa Silva LP, Oliveira JP, Keijok WJ, da Silva AR, Aguiar AR, Guimarães MCC, Ferraz CM, Araújo JV, Tobias FL, Braga FR. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the cell-free filtrate of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6373-6381. [PMID: 28919741 PMCID: PMC5587170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) using biological systems such as fungi has evolved to become an important area of nanobiotechnology. Herein, we report for the first time the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver NPs (AgNPs) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001). The fungal cell-free filtrate was analyzed by the Bradford method and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay and used to synthesize the AgNPs in the presence of a 1 mM AgNO3 solution. They have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopes. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed bioreduction, while X-ray diffractometry established the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy images showed approximately 11, 38 nm monodisperse and quasispherical AgNPs. Zeta potential analysis was able to show a considerable stability of AgNPs. The N-H stretches in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate the presence of protein molecules. The Raman bands suggest that chitinase was involved in the growth and stabilization of AgNPs, through the coating of the particles. Our results show that the NPs we synthesized have good stability, high yield, and monodispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jairo Pinto Oliveira
- Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - André Romero da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, Aracruz, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Tobias
- Department of Microbiology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Braga FR, Soares FEF, Giuberti TZ, Lopes ADCG, Lacerda T, Ayupe TDH, Queiroz PV, Gouveia ADS, Pinheiro L, Araújo AL, Queiroz JH, Araújo JV. Nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:214-8. [PMID: 26319197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans produces chitinases, however, optimization of the production of these enzymes still needs to be explored, and its nematocidal activity should still be the subject of studies. The objective of the present study was to optimize chitinase production, and evaluate the nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus D. flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae. An isolate from D. flagrans (AC001) was used in this study. For the production of enzymes (protease and chitinase), two different culture media were inoculated with AC001 conidia. Both enzymes were purified. The statistical Plackett-Burman factorial design was used to investigate some variables and their effect on the production of chitinases by D. flagrans. After that, the design central composite (CCD) was used in order to determine the optimum levels and investigate the interactions of these variables previously observed. Only two variables (moisture and incubation time), in the evaluated levels, had a significant effect (p<0.05) on chitinase production. The conditions of maximum chitinase activity were calculated, with the following values: incubation time 2 days, and moisture 511%. The protease and chitinase derived from D. flagrans, individually or together (after 24h), led to a significant reduction (p<0.01) in the number of intact cyathostomin L3, when compared to the control, with following reduction percentage values: 19.4% (protease), 15.5% (chitinase), and 20.5% (protease+chitinase). Significant differences were observed (p<0.05) between the group treated with proteases in relation to the group treated with proteases+chitinases. In this study, the assay with the cyathostomins showed that chitinase had a nematocidal effect, suggesting that this enzyme acts on the "fungus versus nematodes" infection process. It is known that nematode eggs are rich in chitin, and in this case, we could think of a greater employability for this chitinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Zanotti Giuberti
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Tracy Lacerda
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Viana Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Angélica de Souza Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pinheiro
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | - Andreia Luíza Araújo
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | - José Humberto Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP: 3657000, Brazil
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