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Aguiar MS, Pereira R, Koch AJ, Machado M. Psychological effect of acute creatine pre-workout supplementation induces performance improvement in resistance exercise. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:174-185. [PMID: 35726856 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2090253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test whether believed versus actual acute creatine ingestion impacted resistance exercise performance. Fifteen men (21.9 ± 2.7 years old) completed four bouts of three sets each of squat and bench press to volitional fatigue at a 10RM load with 1-min between-sets rest interval. Thirty minutes prior to each exercise bout, they received the following treatments in a randomized order: 1) nothing (CON); 2) 0.3 g·kg-1 dextrose placebo (PLC); 3) 0.3 g·kg-1 dextrose, identified as creatine (Cr-False); 4) 0.3 g·kg 20 -1 creatine, identified as creatine (CrTrue). Between-treatments comparisons included the total repetitions completed and the rate of perceived exertion. Results revealed (p < 0.05) higher repetitions performed for all treatments versus CON for both squat and bench press. In the squat, more repetitions were performed with Cr-True (p < 0.001) and CrFalse (p < 0.001) than with either CON or PLC. Bayes Factor analyses revealed strong (PLC to Cr-True BF = 19.1) and very strong (PLC to CrFalse BF = 45.3) posterior probability favouring positive effects for both "creatine" conditions over PLC for the squat. In conclusion, in acute measures, belief versus ingestion of creatine yields similar exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S Aguiar
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biokinetics, Iguaçu University (UNIG) Campus V, Itaperuna, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Research group in Neuromuscular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, Brazil
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, Brazil
| | - Alexander J Koch
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Lenoir-Rhyne University, Hickory, USA
| | - Marco Machado
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biokinetics, Iguaçu University (UNIG) Campus V, Itaperuna, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Movement Studies, Universitary Foundation of Itaperuna (FUNITA), Itaperuna, Brazil
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2
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El-Saadony MT, Yang T, Korma SA, Sitohy M, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Soliman SM, Mo’men SAA, Mosa WFA, El-Wafai NA, Abou-Aly HE, Sitohy B, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Saad AM. Impacts of turmeric and its principal bioactive curcumin on human health: Pharmaceutical, medicinal, and food applications: A comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1040259. [PMID: 36712505 PMCID: PMC9881416 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow polyphenolic pigment known as curcumin, originating from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa L., has been utilized for ages in ancient medicine, as well as in cooking and food coloring. Recently, the biological activities of turmeric and curcumin have been thoroughly investigated. The studies mainly focused on their antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impacts. This review seeks to provide an in-depth, detailed discussion of curcumin usage within the food processing industries and its effect on health support and disease prevention. Curcumin's bioavailability, bio-efficacy, and bio-safety characteristics, as well as its side effects and quality standards, are also discussed. Finally, curcumin's multifaceted uses, food appeal enhancement, agro-industrial techniques counteracting its instability and low bioavailability, nanotechnology and focused drug delivery systems to increase its bioavailability, and prospective clinical use tactics are all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soliman M. Soliman
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. A. Mo’men
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Wafai
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hamed E. Abou-Aly
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Gao M, Yang X. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR POST-EXERCISE MUSCLE DAMAGE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) can occur from recent or unusual physical activity, leading to a temporary reduction in muscle function. And increased pain. Several articles indicate the positive impacts of creatine on EIMD. Objective: Evaluate the impact of creatine on EIMD. Methods: Online searches were performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline and Google scholar until March 2022. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. To assess the quality of the studies, the Cochrane collaboration system was used for risk and bias analysis. Due to the high heterogeneity of interventions and studies designed, a meta-analysis was not performed. The current paper reveals that creatine intake is preferable to inactive recovery and only a rest period between several harmful and exhausting physical activities. Conclusion: Benefits were attenuated in EIMD markers that reduce muscle operation and muscle strength loss after exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Manuscript review.
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Doma K, Ramachandran AK, Boullosa D, Connor J. The Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1623-1645. [PMID: 35218552 PMCID: PMC9213373 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies have examined the effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) on indirect muscle damage markers and muscle performance, although pooled data from several studies indicate that the benefits of CrM on recovery dynamics are limited. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of CrM ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following muscle-damaging exercises. Methods In total, 23 studies were included, consisting of 240 participants in the CrM group (age 23.9 ± 10.4 years, height 178 ± 5 cm, body mass 76.9 ± 7.6 kg, females 10.4%) and 229 participants in the placebo group (age 23.7 ± 8.5 years, height 177 ± 5 cm, body mass 77.0 ± 6.6 kg, females 10.0%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the CrM and placebo groups at 24–36 h and 48–90 h following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and associated p-values via forest plots. Furthermore, sub-group analyses were conducted by separating studies into those that examined the effects of CrM as an acute training response (i.e., after one muscle-damaging exercise bout) and those that examined the chronic training response (i.e., examining the acute response after the last training session following several weeks of training). Results According to the meta-analysis, the CrM group exhibited significantly lower indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and/or myoglobin) at 48–90 h post-exercise for the acute training response (SMD − 1.09; p = 0.03). However, indirect muscle damage markers were significantly greater in the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise (SMD 0.95; p = 0.04) for the chronic training response. Although not significant, a large difference in indirect muscle damage markers was also found at 48 h post-exercise (SMD 1.24) for the chronic training response. The CrM group also showed lower inflammation for the acute training response at 24–36 h post-exercise and 48–90 h post-exercise with a large effect size (SMD − 1.38 ≤ d ≤ − 1.79). Similarly, the oxidative stress markers were lower for the acute training response in the CrM group at 24–36 h post-exercise and 90 h post-exercise, with a large effect size (SMD − 1.37 and − 1.36, respectively). For delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the measures were lower for the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise with a moderate effect size (SMD − 0.66) as an acute training response. However, the inter-group differences for inflammation, oxidative stress, and DOMS were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated a paradoxical effect of CrM supplementation post-exercise, where CrM appears to minimise exercise-induced muscle damage as an acute training response, although this trend is reversed as a chronic training response. Thus, CrM may be effective in reducing the level of exercise-induced muscle damage following a single bout of strenuous exercises, although training-induced stress could be exacerbated following long-term supplementation of CrM. Although long-term usage of CrM is known to enhance training adaptations, whether the increased level of exercise-induced muscle damage as a chronic training response may provide potential mechanisms to enhance chronic training adaptations with CrM supplementation remains to be confirmed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01640-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia.
| | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia.,Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Connor
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia
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Jiaming Y, Rahimi MH. Creatine supplementation effect on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13916. [PMID: 34472118 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) causes increased soreness, impaired function of muscles, and reductions in muscle force. Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effects of creatine on EIMD. Nevertheless, outcomes differ substantially across various articles. The main aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of creatine on recovery following EIMD. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched up to March 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for examining the risk of bias was applied for assessing the quality of studies. Weighted mean difference (WMD), 95% confidence interval (CI), and random-effects model, were applied for estimating the overall effect. Between studies, heterogeneity was examined using the chi-squared and I2 statistics. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled data showed that creatine significantly reduced creatine kinase (CK) concentration overall (WMD = -30.94; 95% CI: -53.19, -8.69; p = .006) and at three follow-up times (48, 72, and 96 hr) in comparison with placebo. In contrast, effects were not significant in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration overall (WMD = -5.99; 95% CI: -14.49, 2.50; p = .167), but creatine supplementation leaded to a significant reduction in LDH concentrations in trials with 48 hr measurement of LDH. The current data indicate that creatine consumption is better than rest after diverse forms of damaging and exhaustive exercise or passive recovery. The benefits relate to a decrease in muscle damage indices and improved muscle function because of muscle power loss after exercise. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Creatine supplementation would be effective in reducing the immediate muscle damage that happens <24, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr post-exercise. In the current meta-analysis, the positive effects of creatine could cause a decrease in CK concentration overall. But, due to high heterogeneity and the medium risk of bias for articles, we suggest that these results are taken into account and the facts are interpreted with caution by the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiaming
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Harmon KK, Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Pabian PS, Rawson ES, Stock MS. The Application of Creatine Supplementation in Medical Rehabilitation. Nutrients 2021; 13:1825. [PMID: 34071875 PMCID: PMC8230227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous health conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems can result in physical dysfunction, impaired performance, muscle weakness, and disuse-induced atrophy. Due to its well-documented anabolic potential, creatine monohydrate has been investigated as a supplemental agent to mitigate the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of acute and chronic conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on rehabilitation from immobilization and injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and other muscular disorders. Several of the findings are encouraging, showcasing creatine's potential efficacy as a supplemental agent via preservation of muscle mass, strength, and physical function; however, the results are not consistent. For multiple diseases, only a few creatine studies with small sample sizes have been published, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Rationale for discordant findings is further complicated by differences in disease pathologies, intervention protocols, creatine dosing and duration, and patient population. While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie K. Harmon
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (J.R.S.); (D.H.F.)
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (J.R.S.); (D.H.F.)
| | - Patrick S. Pabian
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Matt S. Stock
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
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The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:276-291. [PMID: 33631721 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of creatine supplementation on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage, and is reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched for articles from inception until April 2020. Inclusion criteria were adult participants (≥18 years); creatine provided before and/or after exercise versus a noncreatine comparator; measurement of muscle function recovery, muscle soreness, inflammation, myocellular protein efflux, oxidative stress; range of motion; randomized controlled trials in humans. Thirteen studies (totaling 278 participants; 235 males and 43 females; age range 20-60 years) were deemed eligible for analysis. Data extraction was performed independently by both authors. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to critically appraise the studies; forest plots were generated with random-effects model and standardized mean differences. Creatine supplementation did not alter muscle strength, muscle soreness, range of motion, or inflammation at each of the five follow-up times after exercise (<30 min, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr; p > .05). Creatine attenuated creatine kinase activity at 48-hr postexercise (standardized mean difference: -1.06; 95% confidence interval [-1.97, -0.14]; p = .02) but at no other time points. High (I2; >75%) and significant (Chi2; p < .01) heterogeneity was identified for all outcome measures at various follow-up times. In conclusion, creatine supplementation does not accelerate recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage; however, well-controlled studies with higher sample sizes are warranted to verify these conclusions. Systematic review registration (PROSPERO CRD42020178735).
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8
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Staniszewski M, Hammoud N, Zybko P, Witek K, Tkaczyk J, Urbanik C. Effect of concentric vs. eccentric variant of lower limbs plyometric training on biomechanical and biochemical parameters. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:351-358. [PMID: 32223375 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1749314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two variants of 4 weeks plyometric training involving jumping up (dominance of concentric muscle work, UP) and jumping down (dominance of eccentric muscle work, DOWN) the stairs. Twenty-six young men were divided into two groups: UP (n = 13) and DOWN (n = 13). Control measurements of the muscle torques, vertical jumps, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were performed every week. The training resulted in significant changes (p < 0.001) in the muscle torques of the hip extensors (Δ ≈ 20% in both groups) and plantar flexors (ΔUP = 25%, ΔDOWN = 33%), but in the muscle torques of the knee extensors a significant (p < 0.001) increase occurred only in the group jumping down the stairs (ΔDOWN ≈ 15%). Furthermore, a significant increase (p < 0.001) of the height of the vertical jump was noted in the study only in the group jumping down (ΔDOWN = 8%). Training with the dominance of eccentric work caused greater weekly changes in the activity of creatine kinase in the plasma. The study confirmed that the exercise involving jumping on the stairs is viable in plyometric training, as it is an effective means of training the strength of the muscles of the lower limbs and vertical jump height, with a greater share assigned to jumping down consecutive steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naji Hammoud
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Ministry of Youth and Sport in Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Przemysław Zybko
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Witek
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczyk
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Czesław Urbanik
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Harty PS, Cottet ML, Malloy JK, Kerksick CM. Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 30617517 PMCID: PMC6323061 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is typically caused by unaccustomed exercise and results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and reduced muscle function. These negative outcomes may cause discomfort and impair subsequent athletic performance or training quality, particularly in individuals who have limited time to recover between training sessions or competitions. In recent years, a multitude of techniques including massage, cryotherapy, and stretching have been employed to combat the signs and symptoms of EIMD, with mixed results. Likewise, many varied nutritional and supplementation interventions intended to treat EIMD-related outcomes have gained prominence in the literature. To date, several review articles have been published that explore the many recovery strategies purported to minimize indirect markers of muscle damage. However, these articles are very limited from a nutritional standpoint. Thus, the purpose of this review is to briefly and comprehensively summarize many of these strategies that have been shown to positively influence the recovery process after damaging exercise. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based on nutrient source: fruits and fruit-derived supplements, vegetables and plant-derived supplements, herbs and herbal supplements, amino acid and protein supplements, vitamin supplements, and other supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Harty
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Megan L. Cottet
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - James K. Malloy
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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10
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Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview. Sports Med 2018; 47:2201-2218. [PMID: 28702900 PMCID: PMC5633631 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Team sport athletes face a variety of nutritional challenges related to recovery during the competitive season. The purpose of this article is to review nutrition strategies related to muscle regeneration, glycogen restoration, fatigue, physical and immune health, and preparation for subsequent training bouts and competitions. Given the limited opportunities to recover between training bouts and games throughout the competitive season, athletes must be deliberate in their recovery strategy. Foundational components of recovery related to protein, carbohydrates, and fluid have been extensively reviewed and accepted. Micronutrients and supplements that may be efficacious for promoting recovery include vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, creatine, collagen/vitamin C, and antioxidants. Curcumin and bromelain may also provide a recovery benefit during the competitive season but future research is warranted prior to incorporating supplemental dosages into the athlete's diet. Air travel poses nutritional challenges related to nutrient timing and quality. Incorporating strategies to consume efficacious micronutrients and ingredients is necessary to support athlete recovery in season.
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Abstract
Exertional (exercise-induced) rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life threatening condition that has been the subject of research, intense discussion, and media attention. The causes of rhabdomyolysis are numerous and can include direct muscle injury, unaccustomed exercise, ischemia, extreme temperatures, electrolyte abnormalities, endocrinologic conditions, genetic disorders, autoimmune disorders, infections, drugs, toxins, and venoms. The objective of this article is to review the literature on exertional rhabdomyolysis, identify precipitating factors, and examine the role of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using the terms rhabdomyolysis, muscle damage, creatine, creatine supplementation, creatine monohydrate, and phosphocreatine. Additionally, the references of papers identified through this search were examined for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was not performed. Although the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is low, instances still occur where exercise is improperly prescribed or used as punishment, or incomplete medical history is taken, and exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs. Creatine monohydrate does not appear to be a precipitating factor for exertional rhabdomyolysis. Healthcare professionals should be able to recognize the basic signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis so prompt treatment can be administered. For the risk of rhabdomyolysis to remain low, exercise testing and prescription must be properly conducted based on professional standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah College, One College Avenue Suite 4501, Mechanicsburg, PA, 17055, USA.
| | | | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Machado M, Koch AJ, Willardson JM, Pereira LS, Cardoso MI, Motta MKS, Pereira R, Monteiro AN. Effect of varying rest intervals between sets of assistance exercises on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:1339-45. [PMID: 20926967 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d680d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maximum loads for the chest press, pullover, biceps curl, triceps extension, leg extension, and prone leg curl. The sessions differed only in the length of the rest interval between sets and exercises, specifically: 60, 90, 120, 180 seconds. Serum CK and LDH were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated 24-72 hours after each session, with no significant differences between rest intervals (p = 0.94 and p = 0.99, respectively). The mechanical stress imposed by the 4 resistance exercise sessions invoked similar damage to the muscle fibers independent of the rest interval between sets. These data indicate that the accumulated volume of work is the primary determinant of muscle damage in trained subjects who are accustomed to resistance exercise with short rest intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Machado
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biokinetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, Iguaçu University Campus V at Itaperuna, Brazil.
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