1
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Buschmann H, Handler N, Holzgrabe U. The quality of drugs and drug products - Always guaranteed? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115880. [PMID: 38103416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the efficacy, safety, and quality of drugs, several national and international guidelines and regulatory requirements exist. The most important international regulatory framework for quality is the collection of the guidelines ICH Q1-Q14 (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use), which form the basis for the development and approval of medicinal products. Additionally, international and national pharmacopoeias and national regulatory authorities like Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Directory for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM) have to be considered during the lifecycle of a drug. Further, regular updates and optimization of processes and methods together with periodic audits and inspections of the manufacturing plants help to ensure compliance with the complex regulatory requirements for medicinal products. Although the pharmaceutical world seems to be very well regulated and controlled, several drug recalls per year have to be announced and conducted to remove defect products from the market and protect the patient from any potential health risk. This review article provides an overview of the most common reasons for such recalls presenting several historical and current cases with a detailed discussion of root causes. A specific focus lies on quality issues like drug degradation, impurity and nitrosamine contamination, lack of drug stability, occurrence and transformation of polymorphs, contamination with particulates and foreign matters, amongst others. The role of APIs, excipients and packaging will be discussed as well as the analytical challenges to detect, control and mitigate such quality issues. A final chapter will discuss the current situation and an outlook on emerging topics and future challenges for drug quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Buschmann
- RD&C Research, Development & Consulting GmbH, Neuwaldegger Strasse 35/2/3, Vienna 1170, Austria
| | - Norbert Handler
- RD&C Research, Development & Consulting GmbH, Neuwaldegger Strasse 35/2/3, Vienna 1170, Austria
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Wuerzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany.
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2
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Shishkina SV, Shaposhnik AM, Dyakonenko VV, Baumer VM, Rudiuk VV, Yanchuk IB, Levandovskiy IA. New Polymorphic Modifications of 6-Methyluracil: An Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20661-20674. [PMID: 37323411 PMCID: PMC10268012 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism of 6-methyluracil, which affects the regulation of lipid peroxidation and wound healing, has been studied by experimental and quantum chemical methods. Two known polymorphic modifications and two new crystalline forms were crystallized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods as well as by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The calculations of pairwise interaction energies between molecules and lattice energies in periodic boundary conditions have shown that the polymorphic form 6MU_I used in the pharmaceutical industry and two new forms 6MU_III and 6MU_IV, which can be formed due to temperature violations, may be considered as metastable. The centrosymmetric dimer bound by two N-H···O hydrogen bonds was recognized as a dimeric building unit in all of the polymorphic forms of 6-methyluracil. Four polymorphic forms have a layered structure from the viewpoint of interaction energies between dimeric building units. The layers parallel to the (100) crystallographic plane were recognized as a basic structural motif in the 6MU_I, 6MU_III, and 6MU_IV crystals. In the 6MU_II structure, a basic structural motif is a layer parallel to the (001) crystallographic plane. The ratio between the interaction energies within the basic structural motif and between neighboring layers correlates with the relative stability of the studied polymorphic forms. The most stable polymorphic form 6MU_II has the most anisotropic "energetic" structure, while the interaction energies in the least stable form 6MU_IV are very close in various directions. The modeling of shear deformations of layers in the metastable polymorphic structures has not revealed any possibility of these crystals to be deformed under external mechanical stress or pressure influence. These results allow the use of metastable polymorphic forms of 6-methyluracil in the pharmaceutical industry without any limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana V. Shishkina
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
- V.
N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Anna M. Shaposhnik
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | | | - Vyacheslav M. Baumer
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Igor A. Levandovskiy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, National Technical
University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 37 Pobedy Avenue, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Vaksler YA, Idrissi A, Shishkina SV. Is it possible to predict the stability of a crystal structure under the influence of pressure? Quantum chemical study of ibuprofen crystals. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical modeling was used to analyze the crystalline structure of ibuprofen under atmospheric pressure to determine the structural features, providing its stability under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhenii A. Vaksler
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61001, Ukraine
- V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L’environnement (UMR CNRS A8516), Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L’environnement (UMR CNRS A8516), Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Svitlana V. Shishkina
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61001, Ukraine
- V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
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4
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Freitas JTJ, Diniz LF, Gomes DS, de Paula PMAF, de Castro SHA, Martins LS, Silva DF, Horta ALM, Guimarães FAS, Calisto VFM, Diniz R. Energy framework and solubility: a new predictive model in the evaluation of the structure–property relationship of pharmaceutical solid forms. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures with lower interaction energy tend to present higher aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. J. Freitas
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luan F. Diniz
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele S. Gomes
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. A. F. de Paula
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio H. A. de Castro
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa S. Martins
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniely F. Silva
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana L. M. Horta
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. S. Guimarães
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victória F. M. Calisto
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Grupo de Cristalografia Química (GCQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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5
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Jiménez Cruz JM, Vlaar CP, Stelzer T, López-Mejías V. Polymorphism in early development: The account of MBQ-167. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121064. [PMID: 34481010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With McCrone's famous statement in mind, we set out to investigate the polymorphic behavior of a small-molecule dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42, currently undergoing preclinical trials. Herein, we report the existence of two polymorphs for 9-ethyl-3-(5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole (MBQ-167). These were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and Infrared spectroscopy, as well as powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results obtained from the thermal analysis revealed that MBQ-167 form II undergoes an exothermic phase transition to form I, making this the thermodynamically stable form. An examination of the Burger-Ramberger rules for assigning thermodynamic relationships in polymorphic pairs indicate that this system is monotropic. The structure elucidation reveals that these forms crystallize in the orthorhombic (Pbca) and monoclinic (P21/n) space groups. A conformational analysis shows that the metastable form (form II) presents the most planar conformation along the significant torsion angles identified. Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms that van der Waals contacts are the primary interactions and only subtle differences in short contacts help differentiate each form. These findings support the notion that polymorphism is prevalent in organic molecules and that one should invest time and money probing possible polymorphs, particularly in early development as in the case of MBQ-167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Jiménez Cruz
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León Ave, San Juan, PR 00926, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067, United States.
| | - Cornelis P Vlaar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067, United States.
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León Ave, San Juan, PR 00926, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067, United States.
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León Ave, San Juan, PR 00926, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States.
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Akay S, Kayan B, Martínez F. Solubility of fluconazole in (ethanol + water) mixtures: Determination, correlation, dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Garg U, Azim Y. Challenges and opportunities of pharmaceutical cocrystals: a focused review on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:705-721. [PMID: 34124670 PMCID: PMC8152597 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the review is to discuss the relevant and essential aspects of pharmaceutical cocrystals in both academia and industry with an emphasis on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although cocrystals have been prepared for a plethora of drugs, NSAID cocrystals are focused due to their humongous application in different fields of medication such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antitumor, and anti-carcinogenic drugs. The highlights of the review are (a) background of cocrystals and other solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) based on the principles of crystal engineering, (b) why cocrystals are an excellent opportunity in the pharma industry, (c) common methods of preparation of cocrystals from the lab scale to bulk quantity, (d) some latest case studies of NSAIDs which have shown better physicochemical properties for example; mechanical properties (tabletability), hydration, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability, and (e) latest guidelines of the US FDA and EMA opening new opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Garg
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yasser Azim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
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8
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Kathuria D, Raul AD, Wanjari P, Bharatam PV. Biguanides: Species with versatile therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113378. [PMID: 33857729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides are compounds in which two guanidine moieties are fused to form a highly conjugated system. Biguanides are highly basic and hence they are available as salts mostly hydrochloride salts, these cationic species have been found to exhibit many therapeutic properties. This review covers the research and development carried out on biguanides and accounts the various therapeutic applications of drugs containing biguanide group-such as antimalarial, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tubercular, antifilarial, anti-HIV, as well as other biological activities. The aim of this review is to compile all the medicinal chemistry applications of this class of compounds so as to pave way for the accelerated efforts in finding the drug action mechanisms associated with this class of compounds. Importance has been given to the organic chemistry of these biguanide derivatives also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kathuria
- University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Akshay D Raul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Pravin Wanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
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9
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Abraham W, Abuye H, Kebede S, Suleman S. In Vitro Comparative Quality Assessment of Different Brands of Doxycycline Hyclate Finished Dosage Forms: Capsule and Tablet in Jimma Town, South-West Ethiopia. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:6645876. [PMID: 33629067 PMCID: PMC7889385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent postmarket quality evaluation helps produce clear information on the current quality status of the different brands of a given drug and hence introduces a biopharmaceutical and therapeutically equivalent list of the products to the prescribers and users of it. This in turn facilitates access to essential medicines by breaking the high-cost barrier imposed by a few expensive brands of the product. This study was aimed at determining the quality and evaluating the equivalence of doxycycline hyclate capsules and tablets in Jimma, Ethiopia. METHODS Ten brands of doxycycline hyclate capsules and tablets were tested for product identity, dosage uniformity, assay, and in vitro dissolution; and tablets were tested for friability and hardness. RESULTS All investigated brands of doxycycline complied with the USP for dosage uniformity, an assay of the active ingredient, and single-point dissolution tests. One brand, D09, failed both hardness and friability tests. Comparisons of dissolution profiles applying fit factors confirmed that only brands D04, D06, and D07 had similarities with the innovator. Ratio test approaches also showed that significant variability exists between test products and comparators. Weibull model was found to provide the best adjustment curve for all brands, from model-dependent approaches employed for explaining the overall release of drug from the dosage forms. CONCLUSIONS Doxycycline is a biowaiver product. Hence, in vitro dissolution evaluation suffices its market approval. In this quality assessment study, however, the samples passed quality control tests, except D09 brand which failed friability; it has been revealed that five out of eight brands had problems with interchangeability. Only three doxycycline hyclate brands were found to be equivalent to the comparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woldemichael Abraham
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosaena, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Abuye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosaena, Ethiopia
| | - Selass Kebede
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosaena, Ethiopia
| | - Sultan Suleman
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality, Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Analysis and Regulatory Affairs, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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10
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Kuz’mina NE, Moiseev SV, Kuz’min VS, Khorol’skiy MD, Luttseva AI. Verification of hypothesis about structural memory of solutions of polymorphic modifications using NMR spectroscopy. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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de Moura Oliveira CH, Freitas JTJ, Rosa IML, Doriguetto AC. A thermodynamic relationship and phase transition study involving two polymorphs of sulfamethoxazole: form I vs. form II. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sulfamethoxazole polymorphs (form I and II) have been studied. The form II → form I transformation is observed via milling and dissolution in acetonitrile. A phase transition mechanism is proposed based on their supramolecular geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Tavares Jacon Freitas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
- Núcleo de Controle e Qualidade, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Iara Maria Landre Rosa
- Laboratório de Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Doriguetto
- Laboratório de Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
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12
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Polymer structure and property effects on solid dispersions with haloperidol: Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(2-oxazolines) studies. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Fandaruff C, Wilhelm K, Vega-Baudrit JR, Guillén-Girón T, Navarro-Hoyos M. Crystal Engineering to Design of Solids: From Single to Multicomponent Organic Materials. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190430153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primarily composed of organic molecules, pharmaceutical materials, including drugs and
excipients, frequently exhibit physicochemical properties that can affect the formulation, manufacturing
and packing processes as well as product performance and safety. In recent years, researchers
have intensively developed Crystal Engineering (CE) in an effort to reinvent bioactive molecules
with well-known, approved pharmacological effects. In general, CE aims to improve the physicochemical
properties without affecting their intrinsic characteristics or compromising their stability.
CE involves the molecular recognition of non-covalent interactions, in which organic materials are
responsible for the regular arrangement of molecules into crystal lattices. Modern CE, encompasses
all manipulations that result in the alteration of crystal packing as well as methods that disrupt crystal
lattices or reduce the size of crystals, or a combination of them. Nowadays, cocrystallisation has been
the most explored strategy to improve solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (API). However, its combinatorial nature involving two or more small organic
molecules, and the use of diverse crystallisation processes increase the possible outcomes. As a result,
numerous organic materials can be obtained as well as several physicochemical and mechanical
properties can be improved. Therefore, this review will focus on novel organic solids obtained when
CE is applied including crystalline and amorphous, single and multicomponent as well as nanosized
ones, that have contributed to improving not only solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability permeability
but also, chemical and physical stability and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krissia Wilhelm
- Escuela de Quimica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | | | - Teodolito Guillén-Girón
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingenieria de los Materiales, Tecnologico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Maduro de Campos CE, Fandaruff C, Vega-Baudrit JR, Guillén-Girón T, Navarro-Hoyos M, Cuffini SL. Irbesartan desmotropes: Solid-state characterization, thermodynamic study and dissolution properties. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:339-346. [PMID: 31929943 PMCID: PMC6951487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Irbesartan (IBS) is a tetrazole derivative and antihypertensive drug that has two interconvertible structures, 1H- and 2H-tautomers. The difference between them lies in the protonation of the tetrazole ring. In the solid-state, both tautomers can be isolated as crystal forms A (1H-tautomer) and B (2H-tautomer). Studies have reported that IBS is a polymorphic system and its forms A and B are related monotropically. These reports indicate form B as the most stable and less soluble form. Therefore, the goal of this contribution is to demonstrate through a complete solid-state characterization, thermodynamic study and dissolution properties that the IBS forms are desmotropes that are not related monotropically. However, the intention is also to call attention to the importance of conducting strict chemical and in solid-state quality controls on the IBS raw materials. Hence, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) at ambient and non-ambient conditions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were applied. Furthermore, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and structural stability studies at 98% relative humidity (RH), 25 °C and 40 °C were conducted as well. The results show that in fact, form A is approximately four-fold more soluble than form B. In addition, both IBS forms are stable at ambient conditions. Nevertheless, structural and/or chemical instability was observed in form B at 40 °C and 98% RH. IBS has been confirmed as a desmotropic system rather than a polymorphic one. Consequently, forms A and B are not related monotropically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, Pavas, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, Pavas, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Tecnología de Polímeros POLIUNA, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Teodolito Guillén-Girón
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Silvia Lucía Cuffini
- Instituto de Ciência e Técnica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lemos Barbosa TW, Doriguetto AC, Benjamim de Araújo M, Bonfilio R. Solid-State Characterization of Spironolactone 1/3 Hydrate. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2458-2464. [PMID: 30853514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spironolactone (SPR) is a poorly water-soluble drug widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to carry out the preparation and solid-state characterization of SPR 1/3 hydrate. The solid form was generated by an unreported recrystallization process in acetone and characterized for the first time by a combination of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), equilibrium solubility, and an accelerated stability study. XRD, DSC, and TGA studies revealed that SPR 1/3 hydrated converts completely to form II after heating to 180°C. Solubility studies at 37°C showed that SPR 1/3 hydrate was statistically less soluble than SPR form II in all tested media and that SPR form II partially converts to SPR 1/3 hydrate in aqueous media. Accelerated stability studies demonstrated that both forms were physically and chemically stable up to 6 months (40°C/75% RH). We concluded that contamination of SPR 1/3 hydrate in SPR raw materials is undesirable. Taking this into account we recommend its polymorphic monitoring either in active pharmaceutical ingredients or commercial tablets by solid-state identification/quantification methods (XRD, DSC, TGA, and FTIR). Of these, XRD proved to be the most conclusive and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thúlio Wliandon Lemos Barbosa
- Department of Food and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Doriguetto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Magali Benjamim de Araújo
- Department of Food and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rudy Bonfilio
- Department of Food and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil.
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16
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Espinell JRH, López-Mejías V, Stelzer T. Revealing Polymorphic Phase Transformations in Polymer-Based Hot Melt Extrusion Processes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:1995-2002. [PMID: 31889927 PMCID: PMC6936767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inadvertent occurrence of polymorphic phase transformations in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during hot melt extrusion (HME) processes has been claimed to limit the application of this technique. Hence, the control of polymorphism would need to be addressed if there is any prospect of HME to be successfully implemented as an alternative solid dosage formulation strategy in integrated, continuous end-to-end pharmaceutical manufacturing settings. This work demonstrates that flufenamic acid (FFA), one of the most polymorphic APIs known, thus far, can be processed using temperature-simulated HME with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polymeric carrier. At temperatures above the transition point of FFA forms III and I (42 °C), the induction time of the polymorphic phase transformation is longer than the average reported residence time in conventional HME processes (5 min). Moreover, it was demonstrated that thorough understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic design space for the PEG-FFA system leads to polymorphic control in the produced crystalline solid dispersions. Ultimately, this investigation helps to gain fundamental understanding of the processing needs of crystalline solid dispersions, which will lead to the broader application of HME as a continuous manufacturing strategy for drug products containing APIs prone to polymorphism, representing about 80% of all APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Hernández Espinell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, United States
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17
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Souza MS, Diniz LF, Vogt L, Carvalho PS, D’vries RF, Ellena J. Avoiding irreversible 5-fluorocytosine hydration via supramolecular synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular reaction of 5-FC with caffeine, p-aminobenzoic and caprylic acid gave rise to solid forms physically stable in humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S. Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Luan F. Diniz
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Lautaro Vogt
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Richard F. D’vries
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13.560-970 – São Carlos
- Brazil
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18
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Jacon Freitas JT, Santos Viana OM, Bonfilio R, Doriguetto AC, de Araújo MB. Analysis of polymorphic contamination in meloxicam raw materials and its effects on the physicochemical quality of drug product. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:347-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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New Polymorph Form of Dexamethasone Acetate. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:672-681. [PMID: 29031975 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new monohydrated polymorph of dexamethasone acetate was crystallized and its crystal structure characterized. The different analytical techniques used for describing its structural and vibrational properties were: single crystal and polycrystal X-ray diffraction, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out through self-arrangement cemented by H-bonds observed in this new polymorph. This new polymorph form appeared because of self-arrangement via classical hydrogen bonds around the water molecule.
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20
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Hofsäss MA, Souza JD, Silva-Barcellos NM, Bellavinha KR, Abrahamsson B, Cristofoletti R, Groot DW, Parr A, Langguth P, Polli JE, Shah VP, Tajiri T, Mehta MU, Dressman JB. Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Folic Acid. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3421-3430. [PMID: 28842299 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a review of literature and experimental data relevant to the possibility of waiving pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies in human volunteers for approval of immediate-release solid oral pharmaceutical forms containing folic acid as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient. For dosage forms containing 5 mg folic acid, the highest dose strength on the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List, the dose/solubility ratio calculated from solubility studies was higher than 250 mL, corresponding to a classification as "not highly soluble." Small, physiological doses of folic acid (≤320 μg) seem to be absorbed completely via active transport, but permeability data for higher doses of 1-5 mg are inconclusive. Following a conservative approach, folic acid is classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class IV compound until more reliable data become available. Commensurate with its solubility characteristics, the results of dissolution studies indicated that none of the folic acid products evaluated showed rapid dissolution in media at pH 1.2 or 4.5. Therefore, according to the current criteria of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, the biowaiver approval procedure cannot be recommended for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms containing folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Hofsäss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- CiPharma-Post Graduation Course, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neila M Silva-Barcellos
- CiPharma-Post Graduation Course, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karime R Bellavinha
- CiPharma-Post Graduation Course, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Division of Bioequivalence, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - D W Groot
- RIVM-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Parr
- Bioceutics LCC, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina 28594
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Vinod P Shah
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Tomokazu Tajiri
- Astellas Pharma Inc., Analytical Research Laboratories, Yaizu, Japan
| | - Mehul U Mehta
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Deng J, Staufenbiel S, Bodmeier R. Evaluation of a biphasic in vitro dissolution test for estimating the bioavailability of carbamazepine polymorphic forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Resende RCD, Viana OMMS, Freitas JTJ, Bonfilio R, Ruela ALM, Araújo MBD. Analysis of spironolactone polymorphs in active pharmaceutical ingredients and their effect on tablet dissolution profiles. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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