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Tsai MC, Wang CC, Tsai IN, Yu MH, Yang MY, Lee YJ, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Improving the Effects of Mulberry Leaves and Neochlorogenic Acid on Glucotoxicity-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in High Fat Diet Treated db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6339-6346. [PMID: 38488910 PMCID: PMC10979445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There are many complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two complications related to the increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Previous studies have shown that mulberry leaf water extract (MLE) has the effect of lowering lipid levels in peripheral blood, inhibiting the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increasing the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Our study aimed to investigate the role of MLE and its main component, neochlorogenic acid (nCGA), in reducing serum lipid profiles, decreasing lipid deposition in the liver, and improving steatohepatitis levels. We evaluated the antioxidant activity including glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase was tested in mice fed with MLE and nCGA. The results showed a serum lipid profile, and fatty liver scores were significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the db/m and db mice groups, while liver antioxidant activity significantly decreased in the HFD group. When fed with HFD + MLE or nCGA, there was a significant improvement in serum lipid profiles, liver fatty deposition conditions, steatohepatitis levels, and liver antioxidant activity compared to the HFD group. Although MLE and nCGA do not directly affect the blood sugar level of db/db mice, they do regulate abnormalities in lipid metabolism. These results demonstrate the potential of MLE/nCGA as a treatment against glucotoxicity-induced diabetic fatty liver disease in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School
of Medical, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- Division
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School
of Medical, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ning Tsai
- Institute
of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun Yu
- Department
of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North
Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Department
of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department
of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University
Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- School
of Medical, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical
University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402 and Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department
of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical
University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Hung TW, Yang MY, Yu MH, Tsai IN, Tsai YC, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Mulberry leaf extract and neochlorogenic acid ameliorate glucolipotoxicity-induced diabetic nephropathy in high-fat diet-fed db/db mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:8975-8986. [PMID: 37732507 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02640j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, a major diabetes complication, is often exacerbated by glucolipotoxicity. The potential benefits of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and its primary component, neochlorogenic acid (nCGA), in combating this condition have not been extensively explored. High-fat diet-fed db/db mice were employed as a model for glucolipotoxicity-induced diabetic nephropathy. The mice were treated with MLE or nCGA, and their body weight, insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profiles, and kidney function were assessed. In addition, modulation of the JAK-STAT, pAKT, Ras, and NF-κB signaling pathways by MLE and nCGA was evaluated. MLE and nCGA did not significantly decrease blood glucose level but effectively mitigated the adverse effects of a high-fat diet on blood lipid profile and kidney function. Improvements in body weight, insulin sensitivity, and kidney structure, along with a reduction in fibrosis, were observed. Both MLE and nCGA regulated lipid metabolism abnormalities, significantly inhibited the accumulation of glycosylated substances in glomeruli, and modulated crucial signaling pathways involved in diabetic nephropathy. Although they do not directly affect blood glucose level, MLE and nCGA show significant potential in managing glucolipotoxicity-induced diabetic nephropathy by targeting lipid metabolism and key molecular pathways. The present findings suggest MLE and nCGA may be promising therapeutic agents for diabetic nephropathy, and further exploration in human patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Wei Hung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsun Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ning Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tsai
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Ghorbani A, Hooshmand S. Protective Effects of Morus nigra and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Pharmacology 2021; 106:233-243. [PMID: 33849010 DOI: 10.1159/000515032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our liver has a variety of vital functions including removing poisons, storing energy, immunological roles, and secretory and excretory functions. It may face some kinds of diseases caused by viruses, hepatotoxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and inherited disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation are in the core of mechanisms of liver damages induced by viruses or chemical agents. SUMMARY Morus nigra (M. nigra), generally known as black mulberry, exhibited wide-spectrum pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, antinociceptive, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. Different parts of this plant particularly the fruit and leaf have shown beneficial effects on hepatocytes in cell culture and animal models of liver damages induced by chemicals (e.g., CCl4), drugs (e.g., paracetamol), diet (e.g., high fat), diabetes, etc. The beneficial effects of M. nigra on the liver are attributed to the presence of considerable amounts of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. The present review is aimed to focus on the hepatoprotective activities of M. nigra and its phytochemicals and the mechanisms responsible for these activities. Key Messages: The evidence reviewed in this study can help design clinical trials on M. nigra in patients with liver disorders and develop a hepatoprotective herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Raghuvanshi D, Dhalaria R, Sharma A, Kumar D, Kumar H, Valis M, Kuča K, Verma R, Puri S. Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya-A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020232. [PMID: 33504029 PMCID: PMC7910824 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal plants have a significant role in the lives of people of rural and tribal areas. Thousands of medicinal plant species are used to treat various diseases, including jaundice, and are considered an important therapeutic resource to minimize these diseases. Jaundice (icterus) is a chronic disease that occurs when the amount of bilirubin in the blood increases. This review describes different ethnomedicinal plants used for curing jaundice by tribal and rural people of Himachal Pradesh. The study reveals 87 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 51 different families, which are used for treating jaundice in Himachal Pradesh. These plants are arranged in a systematic way, which includes a description of their common name, botanical name, along with its family, plant parts used, region, and mode of use in tabulated form. Some of the plant extracts have already been explored for their phytochemical and pharmacological significance and proved their potential in the preparation of new medicines or drugs against the treatment of jaundice. This review is an attempt to highlight the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants, which are specifically used for the treatment of jaundice. The data mentioned in the present review is compiled from various sources like existing literature, books, Google Scholar, and Scopus publications. Among all the observed plant species, most used medicinal plants for the treatment of jaundice include Justicia adhatoda, Emblica officinalis, Ricinus communis, Saccharum officinarum, Terminalia chebula, Berberis aristata, Cuscuta reflexa, and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants that are mostly utilized for the treatment of jaundice need to be scientifically validated by pharmacological analysis and should be subsequently used for the preparation of new drugs, which may prove far more beneficial than the existing one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Raghuvanshi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.R.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.R.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Anjali Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.R.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (R.V.); Tel.: +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.R.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (R.V.); Tel.: +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (D.R.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (S.P.)
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