Biological evaluation of 2,3-dioxoindolin-N-phenylacetamide derivatives as potent CDC25B and PTP1B phosphatase inhibitors

A Comprehensive Overview of the Developments of Cdc25 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Cdc25 phosphatases have been considered promising targets for anticancer development due to the correlation of their overexpression with a wide variety of cancers. In the last two decades, the interest in this subject has considerably increased and many publications have been launched concerning this issue. An overview is constructed based on data analysis of the results of the previous publications covering the years from 1992 to 2021. Thus, the main objective of the current review is to report the chemical structures of Cdc25s inhibitors and answer the question, how to design an inhibitor with better efficacy and lower toxicity?

Pyrazoles as novel protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors: An in vitro and in silico study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex chronic disorder and a major global health problem. Insulin resistance is the primary detectable abnormality and the main characteristic feature in individuals with type 2 DM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, which dephosphorylates insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrates, suppressing the insulin signaling cascade. Therefore, the inhibition of PTP1B has become a potential strategy in the management of type 2 DM. In this study, a library of 22 pyrazoles was evaluated here for the first time against human PTP1B activity, using a microanalysis screening system. The results showed that 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{2-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl]}-1-phenylpyrazole 20 and 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)]naphthyl}pyrazole 22 excelled as the most potent inhibitors of PTP1B, through noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. These findings suggest that the presence of additional benzene rings as functional groups in the pyrazole moiety increases the ability of pyrazoles to inhibit PTP1B. The most active compounds showed selectivity over the homologous T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Molecular docking analyses were performed and revealed a particular contact signature involving residues like TYR46, ASP48, PHE182, TYR46, ALA217 and ILE219. This study represents a significant beginning for the design of novel PTP1B inhibitors.