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Yao H, Jiang X, Zeng Y, Wang X, Tang X. Classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma: A case report and review of the literature from 2000 to 2022. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:1103-1116. [PMID: 37772674 PMCID: PMC10632085 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma (CBPB), a distinct type of lung cancer, is a dual-phasic tumor characterized by the co-existence of low-grade fetal adenocarcinoma and primitive mesenchymal stroma. Accounting for less than 0.1% of surgically removed lung cancers, CBPB commonly presents in individuals during their fourth to fifth decades of life, with smoking as a significant risk factor. The optimal management strategy entails surgical resection, supplemented by chemotherapy to improve prognosis. The frontline chemotherapeutic agents typically include platinum agents and etoposide, with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy potentially enabling operability for initially inoperable cases. In recent years, targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenic agents, have emerged as promising new treatment strategies for CBPB. For patients exhibiting brain metastases or deemed inoperable, radiation therapy proves to be a crucial therapeutic component. CBPB prognosis is adversely affected by factors such as early metastasis, tumor size exceeding 5 cm, and tumor recurrence. In this regard, serological markers have been identified as valuable prognostic indicators. To exemplify, we recount the case of a 44-year-old female patient with CBPB, wherein serum lactate dehydrogenase levels showed significant diagnostic value. This report further incorporates a comprehensive review of CBPB literature from the past 22 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of PathologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of PathologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of PathologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of PathologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of PathologyChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
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Pinkhasov A, Xiong G, Bourgeois JA, Heinrich TW, Huang H, Coriolan S, Annamalai A, Mangal JP, Frankel S, Lang M, Raj YP, Dandois M, Barth K, Stewart AL, Rado J, Pesek J, Sanders A, Spearman-McCarthy EV, Gagliardi J, Fiedorowicz JG. Management of SIADH-related hyponatremia due to psychotropic medications - An expert consensus from the Association of Medicine and Psychiatry. J Psychosom Res 2021; 151:110654. [PMID: 34739943 PMCID: PMC10911096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in clinical practice and is associated with negative healthcare outcomes and cost. SIADH is thought to account for one third of all hyponatremia cases and is typically an insidious process. Psychotropic medications are commonly implicated in the etiology of drug induced SIADH. There is limited guidance for clinicians on management of psychotropic-induced SIADH. METHODS After an extensive review of the existing literature, clinical-educators from the Association of Medicine and Psychiatry developed expert consensus recommendations for management of psychotropic-induced SIADH. A risk score was proposed based on risk factors for SIADH to guide clinical decision-making. RESULTS SSRIs, SNRIs, antipsychotics, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine have moderate to high level of evidence demonstrating their association with SIADH. Evaluation for an avoidance of medications that cause hyponatremia is particularly important. Substitution with medication that is less likely to cause SIADH should be considered when appropriate. We propose an algorithmic approach to monitoring hyponatremia with SIADH and corresponding treatment depending on symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed algorithm can help clinicians in determining whether psychotropic medication should be stopped, reduced or substituted where SIADH is suspected with recommendations for sodium (Na+) monitoring. These recommendations preserve a role for clinical judgment in the management of hyponatremia with consideration of the risks and benefits, which may be particularly relevant for complex patients that present with medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Further studies are needed to determine whether baseline and serial Na+ monitoring reduces morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, NY, United States of America; Psychiatry and Medicine, NYULI - SOM, NY, United States of America.
| | - Glen Xiong
- University of California at Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - James A Bourgeois
- Psychiatry, Baylor Scott & White Health, TX, United States of America
| | - Thomas W Heinrich
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, United States of America
| | - Heather Huang
- Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, University of WI, WI, United States of America
| | - Shanice Coriolan
- NYU Langone Hospital - Long Island, NY, United States of America
| | - Aniyizhai Annamalai
- Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, CT, United States of America
| | - Jed P Mangal
- Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven Frankel
- Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, United States of America; Psychiatry, UCSF, Medical School, University of Minnesota, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael Lang
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, NC, United States of America
| | - Y Pritham Raj
- Depts of Internal Medicine & Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, United States of America
| | | | - Kelly Barth
- Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, United States of America
| | - Anne Louise Stewart
- Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, TX, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rado
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL, United States of America
| | - Justin Pesek
- Baylor Scott & White Health, TX, United States of America
| | - Aaron Sanders
- Baylor Scott & White Health, TX, United States of America
| | - E Vanessa Spearman-McCarthy
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States of America
| | - Jane Gagliardi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, NC, United States of America
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, and uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, ON, Canada
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Pinto TE, Mokashi A, Cummings EA. Central diabetes insipidus and pain medications - a risky combination. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 34134784 PMCID: PMC8207735 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) results from decreased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leading to an inability to concentrate urine. CDI is treated with desmopressin (DDAVP). Rarely reported in the literature, opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) can induce hyponatremia in individuals treated for CDI. Case presentation A 10-year-old boy with septo-optic dysplasia and CDI was treated with DDAVP 1.6 mg orally TID maintaining normal sodium levels. Post admission for a femur fracture, he was discharged on ibuprofen and hydromorphone. Sodium was 136 mmol/l two days before discharge. He returned to the ED after having a seizure at home. He was euvolemic and mildly lethargic. Sodium was low at 108 mmol/l. DDAVP and hydromorphone were held and he was fluid restricted, but the sodium remained low. Sodium began to rise when Ibuprofen was stopped. Intermittent small doses of DDAVP were given to facilitate gradual correction of hyponatremia. At discharge, sodium had normalized. Conclusion Hyponatremia has occasionally been described as a side effect of opioids and rarely of NSAIDs in patients with CDI. Stimulation of the thirst centre may play a role with opioids while a decrease in urine output may be the mechanism with NSAIDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40842-021-00124-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Pinto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K6R8, Canada.
| | - Arati Mokashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K6R8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Cummings
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K6R8, Canada
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Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of 4-Fluoro-Furanylfentanyl and Isobutyrylfentanyl in Mouse Hepatocytes and Urine by Means of LC-HRMS. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020097. [PMID: 33578841 PMCID: PMC7916627 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is highly dynamic and the available substances change over time, resulting in forensic laboratories becoming highly engaged in NPS control. In order to manage NPS diffusion, efficient and innovative legal responses have been provided by several nations. Metabolic profiling is also part of the analytical fight against NPS, since it allows us to identify the biomarkers of drug intake which are needed for the development of suitable analytical methods in biological samples. We have recently reported the characterization of two new analogs of fentanyl, i.e., 4-fluoro-furanylfentanyl (4F-FUF) and isobutyrylfentanyl (iBF), which were found for the first time in Italy in 2019; 4F-FUF was identified for the first time in Europe and was notified to the European Early Warning System. The goal of this study was the characterization of the main metabolites of both drugs by in vitro and in vivo experiments. To this end, incubation with mouse hepatocytes and intraperitoneal administration to mice were carried out. Samples were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), followed by untargeted data evaluation using Compound Discoverer software with a specific workflow, designed for the identification of the whole metabolic pattern, including unexpected metabolites. Twenty metabolites were putatively annotated for 4-FFUF, with the dihydrodiol derivative appearing as the most abundant, whereas 22 metabolites were found for iBF, which was mainly excreted as nor-isobutyrylfentanyl. N-dealkylation of 4-FFUF dihydrodiol and oxidation to carbonyl metabolites for iBF were also major biotransformations. Despite some differences, in general there was a good agreement between in vitro and in vivo samples.
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Fountas A, Chai ST, Kourkouti C, Karavitaki N. MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endocrinology of opioids. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R183-R196. [PMID: 30299887 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of opioids has grown substantially over the past two decades reaching the dimensions of a global epidemic. These drugs have effects on multiple levels of the endocrine system through mechanisms which are still not fully elucidated, and awareness of their endocrine sequelae is vital for all specialists prescribing or managing patients on them. Hypogonadism is the most well-recognised consequence of opioid use (prevalence 21–86%) which, however, may remain undiagnosed with potential adverse outcomes for the patients. Although less frequent, cortisol deficiency can also be found. Furthermore, there is a negative impact on bone health (with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk) and occasionally hyperprolactinaemia, whereas the clinical significance of alterations in other hormones remains to be clarified. Discontinuation or reduction of the opioid and, in cases of chronic pain, consideration of alternative therapies for pain relief are potential management options. Hormonal replacement, especially when the above measures are not practically feasible, needs to be considered. Further studies are needed to clearly establish the prevalence of hormonal abnormalities with various regimes, doses and routes of opioids and to address reliably the long-term benefits and risks of hormonal treatment in patients on opioids. Until evidence-based, safe and cost-effective clinical guidelines become available, periodical assessment of the gonadal and adrenal function (particularly when relevant clinical manifestations are present) and evaluation of the bone health status are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Fountas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shu Teng Chai
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chrysoula Kourkouti
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niki Karavitaki
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Bucher C, Tapernoux D, Diethelm M, Büscher C, Noser A, Fehr T, Henz S. Influence of weather conditions, drugs and comorbidities on serum Na and Cl in 13000 hospital admissions: evidence for a subpopulation susceptible for SIADH. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:618-24. [PMID: 24389078 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considerable variation in serum sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) is found in patients at hospital admission. Our goal was to quantify the respective impact of drugs, comorbidities, demographic factors and weather conditions on serum Na and Cl. DESIGN AND METHODS For 13277 consecutive patients without terminal kidney disease admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of the Kantonsspital St. Gallen drug history on admission, age, sex, body weight, ICD-10 diagnoses, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Weather parameters prior to hospital admission were also integrated in a multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Both serum Na and Cl showed an asymmetric left-tailed distribution. Median (interquartile range) Na was 138 (136/140) and Cl 104 (101/106). The distribution of sodium in patients with one or more risk factors for SIADH was best explained by the presence of two populations: one population with a similar distribution as the unexposed patients and a smaller population (about 25%) shifted to lower sodium levels. Lower weight, lower blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, fever, and diabetes were associated with both lower Na and Cl. Higher ambient temperature and higher air humidity preceding admission were associated with both higher Na and Cl values. CONCLUSIONS Na and Cl at hospital admission are highly influenced by ambient weather conditions, comorbidities and medication. The bimodal distribution of Na and Cl in persons exposed to risk factors for SIADH suggests that SIADH may only affect a genetically distinct vulnerable subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Tapernoux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Diethelm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christine Büscher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anja Noser
- University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fehr
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Henz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Ethier MR, Mathews KA, Valverde A, Kerr C, Bersenas AM, Nykamp SG, Davis C. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety for use of two sedation and analgesia protocols to facilitate assisted ventilation of healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1351-9. [PMID: 18828695 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.10.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and safety of 2 sedative-analgesic protocols to facilitate assisted ventilation in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 12 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Mean dosages for protocol 1 were diazepam (0.5 mg/kg/h [n = 3 dogs]) or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg/h [3]), morphine (0.6 mg/kg/h [6]), and medetomidine (1.0 microg/kg/h [6]). Mean dosages for protocol 2 were diazepam (0.5 mg/kg/h [n = 3]) or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg/h [3]), fentanyl (18 microg/kg/h [6]), and propofol (2.5 mg/kg/h [6]). Each dog received the drugs for 24 consecutive hours. All dogs were mechanically ventilated with adjustments in minute volume to maintain normocapnia and normoxemia. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded. A numeric comfort score was assigned hourly to assess efficacy. Mouth care, position change, and physiotherapy were performed every 6 hours. Urine output was measured every 4 hours. RESULTS Use of both protocols maintained dogs within optimal comfort ranges > 85% of the time. The first dog in each group was excluded from the study. Significant decreases in heart rate, oxygen consumption, and oxygen extraction ratio were evident for protocol 1. Cardiac index values in ventilated dogs were lower than values reported for healthy unsedated dogs. Oxygen delivery, lactate concentration, and arterial base excess remained within reference ranges for both protocols. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of both protocols was effective for facilitating mechanical ventilation. A reduction in cardiac index was detected for both protocols as a result of bradycardia. However, oxygen delivery and global tissue perfusion were not negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Ethier
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada
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Anderson MK, Day TK. Effects of morphine and fentanyl constant rate infusion on urine output in healthy and traumatized dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:528-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Udy A, Deacy N, Barnes D, Sigston P. Tramadol-induced hyponatraemia following unicompartmental knee replacement surgery. Anaesthesia 2005; 60:814-6. [PMID: 16029233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of postoperative hyponatraemia following routine knee surgery, followed by a subsequent, less severe, episode after identical surgery on the contralateral knee. On each occasion the patient had been given the weak opioid tramadol for postoperative pain relief. Through its effects on serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system, we hypothesise that tramadol may have been directly involved in this patient's biochemical disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Udy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Kent and Sussex Hospital, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN4 8AT, UK
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Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2003; 12:161-76. [PMID: 12642981 DOI: 10.1002/pds.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shuster J. Two More Drugs Associated with SIADH;Infliximab-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus;Massive Tendon Xanthomas Associated with HAART;Ischemic Colitis with Sumatriptan;Fatal Hepatic Necrosis Due to Lamotrigine;Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction. Hosp Pharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/001857870203701209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Shuster
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia
- Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia
- Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006
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