1
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Deręgowska A, Pępek M, Solarska I, Machnicki MM, Pruszczyk K, Dudziński M, Niesiobędzka-Krężel J, Seferyńska I, Sawicki W, Wnuk M, Stokłosa T. The interplay between telomeric complex members and BCR::ABL1 oncogenic tyrosine kinase in the maintenance of telomere length in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7103-7112. [PMID: 36871092 PMCID: PMC10374722 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by recurrent genetic aberration in leukemic stem cells, namely Philadelphia chromosome caused by reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). In our study, we analyzed the telomeric complex expression and function in the molecular pathogenesis of CML. METHODS We employed CD34+ primary leukemic cells, comprising both leukemic stem and progenitor cell populations, isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow of CML patients in chronic and blastic phase to analyze the telomere length and telomeric-associated proteins. RESULTS The reduction in telomere length during disease progression was correlated with increased expression of BCR::ABL1 transcript and the dynamic changes were neither associated with the enzymatic activity of telomerase nor with gene copy number and expression of telomerase subunits. Increased expression of BCR::ABL1 was positively correlated with expression of TRF2, RAP1, TPP1, DKC1, TNKS1, and TNKS2 genes. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of telomere length changes in CD34+ CML cells is dependent on the expression level of BCR::ABL, which promotes the expression of certain shelterins including RAP1 and TRF2, as well as TNKS, and TNKS2, and results in telomere shortening regardless of telomerase activity. Our results may allow better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the genomic instability of leukemic cells and CML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deręgowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Pępek
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Solarska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin M Machnicki
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pruszczyk
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Dudziński
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Niesiobędzka-Krężel
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Seferyńska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Sawicki
- Department of Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Stokłosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Tsatsakis A, Oikonomopoulou T, Nikolouzakis TK, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Renieri E, Fragkiadaki P, Iliaki E, Bachlitzanaki M, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Kakridonis F, Hatzidaki E, Tolia M, Svistunov AA, Spandidos DA, Nikitovic D, Tsiaoussis J, Berdiaki A. Role of telomere length in human carcinogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:78. [PMID: 37232367 PMCID: PMC10552730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most important clinical, social and economic issue regarding cause‑specific disability‑adjusted life years among all human pathologies. Exogenous, endogenous and individual factors, including genetic predisposition, participate in cancer triggering. Telomeres are specific DNA structures positioned at the end of chromosomes and consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which, together with shelterin proteins, facilitate the maintenance of chromosome stability, while protecting them from genomic erosion. Even though the connection between telomere status and carcinogenesis has been identified, the absence of a universal or even a cancer‑specific trend renders consent even more complex. It is indicative that both short and long telomere lengths have been associated with a high risk of cancer incidence. When evaluating risk associations between cancer and telomere length, a disparity appears to emerge. Even though shorter telomeres have been adopted as a marker of poorer health status and an older biological age, longer telomeres due to increased cell growth potential are associated with the acquirement of cancer‑initiating somatic mutations. Therefore, the present review aimed to comprehensively present the multifaceted pattern of telomere length and cancer incidence association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Tatiana Oikonomopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Evaggelia Iliaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Bachlitzanaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Fotios Kakridonis
- Department of Spine Surgery and Scoliosis, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Roka K, Solomou EE, Kattamis A. Telomere biology: from disorders to hematological diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167848. [PMID: 37274248 PMCID: PMC10235513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the length of telomeres and pathogenic variants involved in telomere length maintenance have been correlated with several human diseases. Recent breakthroughs in telomere biology knowledge have contributed to the identification of illnesses named "telomeropathies" and revealed an association between telomere length and disease outcome. This review emphasizes the biology and physiology aspects of telomeres and describes prototype diseases in which telomeres are implicated in their pathophysiology. We also provide information on the role of telomeres in hematological diseases ranging from bone marrow failure syndromes to acute and chronic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Full Member of ERN GENTURIS, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Full Member of ERN GENTURIS, Athens, Greece
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4
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Stephens Z, Ferrer A, Boardman L, Iyer RK, Kocher JPA. Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere lengths from long reads. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1788-1793. [PMID: 35022670 PMCID: PMC8963315 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Telomeres are the repetitive sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are often thought of as a 'biological clock,' with their average length shortening during division in most cells. In addition to their association with senescence, abnormal telomere lengths are well known to be associated with multiple cancers, short telomere syndromes and as risk factors for a broad range of diseases. While a majority of methods for measuring telomere length will report average lengths across all chromosomes, it is known that aberrations in specific chromosome arms are biomarkers for certain diseases. Due to their repetitive nature, characterizing telomeres at this resolution is prohibitive for short read sequencing approaches, and is challenging still even with longer reads. RESULTS We present Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere length from long read sequencing data. We demonstrate Telogator's sensitivity in detecting chromosome-specific telomere length in simulated data across a range of read lengths and error rates. Telogator is then applied to 10 germline samples, yielding a high correlation with short read methods in reporting average telomere length. In addition, we investigate common subtelomere rearrangements and identify the minimum read length required to anchor telomere/subtelomere boundaries in samples with these haplotypes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Telogator is written in Python3 and is available at github.com/zstephens/telogator. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Stephens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Lisa Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ravishankar K Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Telomere shortening correlates with leukemic stem cell burden at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1572-1579. [PMID: 29980572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood (PB) cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been shown to correlate with disease stage, prognostic scores, response to therapy, and disease progression. However, due to considerable genetic interindividual variability, TL varies substantially between individuals, limiting its use as a robust prognostic marker in individual patients. Here, we compared TL of BCR-ABL-, nonleukemic CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow of CML patients at diagnosis to their individual BCR-ABL+ leukemic stem cell (LSC) counterparts. We observed significantly accelerated telomere shortening in LSC compared with nonleukemic HSC. Interestingly, the degree of LSC telomere shortening was found to correlate significantly with the leukemic clone size. To validate the diagnostic value of nonleukemic cells as internal controls and to rule out effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment on these nontarget cells, we prospectively assessed TL in 134 PB samples collected in deep molecular remission after TKI treatment within the EURO-SKI study (NCT01596114). Here, no significant telomere shortening was observed in granulocytes compared with an age-adjusted control cohort. In conclusion, this study provides proof of principle for accelerated telomere shortening in LSC as opposed to HSC in CML patients at diagnosis. The fact that the degree of telomere shortening correlates with leukemic clone's size supports the use of TL in leukemic cells as a prognostic parameter pending prospective validation. TL in nonleukemic myeloid cells seems unaffected even by long-term TKI treatment arguing against a reduction of telomere-mediated replicative reserve in normal hematopoiesis under TKI treatment.
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6
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Olbertova H, Plevova K, Stranska K, Pospisilova S. Telomere dynamics in adult hematological malignancies. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:1-7. [PMID: 30631211 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences protecting physical ends of linear chromosomes against degradation and end-to-end chromosomal fusion. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, which regulates the cellular lifespan in somatic cells and limits their renewal capacity. Cancer cells are often able to overcome this physiological barrier and become immortal with unlimited replicative capacity. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of telomeres in human aging with a focus on their behavior in hematological malignancies of adults. Associations of telomere length to age-related diseases and to the prevention of telomere shortening are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Olbertova
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Stranska
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Samassekou O, Bastien N, Yan J, Mai S, Drouin R. Study of Telomere Dysfunction in TP53 Mutant LoVo Cell Lines as a Model for Genomic Instability. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1769:209-230. [PMID: 29564827 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7780-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Telomere restriction fragment, 3D quantitative FISH on nuclei, and quantitative FISH on metaphases are complementary approaches that explore telomere dysfunction genomically, cellularly, and chromosomally, respectively. We used these approaches to study association between telomere dysfunction and degree of genomic instability related to TP53 mutations in LoVo isogenic cell lines. We found a strong correlation between degree of genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, and specific mutations of TP53. The use of complementary approaches to study telomere biology is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of telomere involvement in genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Samassekou
- 3D Signatures Holdings Inc. MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie et de Cytologie, Laboratoires médicaux de la Capitale Nationale et des Îles, site IUCPQ-UL, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ju Yan
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Cytogenetics laboratory, Beijing Boren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Régen Drouin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Laval University and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The activation of telomere maintenance pathways has long been regarded as a key hallmark of cancer and this has propelled the development of novel inhibitors of telomerase. In this review, we detail the background biology on telomere maintenance in health and disease, then concentrate on the recent preclinical and clinical development behind targeting telomerase in blood cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that imetelstat, a competitive inhibitor of telomerase, has activity in certain hematologic malignancies, in particular the myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia. SUMMARY Telomerase inhibition has shown remarkable efficacy in myeloid malignancies, and current and future preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively investigate its underlying mechanism of action. Future work should identify the potential genetic susceptibilities to telomerase inhibition therapy, and evaluate rational combinations of telomerase inhibitors with chemotherapy and other novel agents. Robust preclinical evaluation is essential to best translate these new agents successfully into our clinical treatment algorithm for myeloid and other blood cancers.
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9
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McCaffrey J, Young E, Lassahn K, Sibert J, Pastor S, Riethman H, Xiao M. High-throughput single-molecule telomere characterization. Genome Res 2017; 27:1904-1915. [PMID: 29025896 PMCID: PMC5668947 DOI: 10.1101/gr.222422.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel method that enables global subtelomere and haplotype-resolved analysis of telomere lengths at the single-molecule level. An in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-directed nickase system directs the specific labeling of human (TTAGGG)n DNA tracts in genomes that have also been barcoded using a separate nickase enzyme that recognizes a 7-bp motif genome-wide. High-throughput imaging and analysis of large DNA single molecules from genomes labeled in this fashion using a nanochannel array system permits mapping through subtelomere repeat element (SRE) regions to unique chromosomal DNA while simultaneously measuring the (TTAGGG)n tract length at the end of each large telomere-terminal DNA segment. The methodology also permits subtelomere and haplotype-resolved analyses of SRE organization and variation, providing a window into the population dynamics and potential functions of these complex and structurally variant telomere-adjacent DNA regions. At its current stage of development, the assay can be used to identify and characterize telomere length distributions of 30–35 discrete telomeres simultaneously and accurately. The assay's utility is demonstrated using early versus late passage and senescent human diploid fibroblasts, documenting the anticipated telomere attrition on a global telomere-by-telomere basis as well as identifying subtelomere-specific biases for critically short telomeres. Similarly, we present the first global single-telomere-resolved analyses of two cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McCaffrey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eleanor Young
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Katy Lassahn
- Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Justin Sibert
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven Pastor
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Harold Riethman
- Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Ming Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
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10
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Wang L, Xiao H, Zhang X, Wang C, Huang H. The role of telomeres and telomerase in hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:61. [PMID: 25139287 PMCID: PMC4237881 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are specific nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres and telomere-associated proteins maintain genome stability by protecting the ends of chromosomes from fusion and degradation. In normal somatic cells, the length of the telomeres gradually becomes shortened with cell division. In tumor cells, the shortening of telomeres length is accelerated under the increased proliferation pressure. However, it will be maintained at an extremely short length as the result of activation of telomerase. Significantly shortened telomeres, activation of telomerase, and altered expression of telomere-associated proteins are common features of various hematologic malignancies and are related with progression or chemotherapy resistance in these diseases. In patients who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the telomere length and the telomerase activity of the engrafted donor cells have a significant influence on HSCT outcomes. Transplantation-related factors should be taken into consideration because of their impacts on telomere homeostasis. As activation of telomerase is widespread in tumor cells, it has been employed as a target point in the treatment of neoplastic hematologic disorders. In this review, the characteristics and roles of telomeres and telomerase both in hematologic malignancies and in HSCT will be summarized. The current status of telomerase-targeted therapies utilized in the treatment of hematologic malignancies will also be reviewed.
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11
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Samassekou O, Bastien N, Lichtensztejn D, Yan J, Mai S, Drouin R. DifferentTP53mutations are associated with specific chromosomal rearrangements, telomere length changes, and remodeling of the nuclear architecture of telomeres. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:934-50. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Samassekou
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Daniel Lichtensztejn
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Ju Yan
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Régen Drouin
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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12
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Grandjenette C, Schnekenburger M, Karius T, Ghelfi J, Gaigneaux A, Henry E, Dicato M, Diederich M. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-mediated c-myc Down-regulation triggers telomere-dependent senescence by regulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase in chronic myeloid leukemia. Neoplasia 2014; 16:511-28. [PMID: 24970385 PMCID: PMC4198755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased proliferation rates as well as resistance to apoptosis are considered major obstacles for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), thus highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Since senescence has been recognized as a physiological barrier against tumorigenesis, senescence-based therapy could represent a new strategy against CML. DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) was reported to induce cellular senescence but underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that exposure to DAC triggers senescence in chronic leukemia cell lines as evidenced by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and lysosomal mass, accompanied by an up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes. We provide evidence that DAC is able to decrease telomere length, to reduce telomerase activity and to decrease human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression through decreased binding of c-myc to the hTERT promoter. Altogether, our results reveal the role of c-myc in telomere-dependent DAC-induced senescence and therefore provide new clues for improving chronic human leukemia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grandjenette
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tommy Karius
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Estelle Henry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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13
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Dynamic length changes of telomeres and their nuclear organization in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1086-102. [PMID: 24202335 PMCID: PMC3795380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the t(9;22) translocation. As in most cancers, short telomeres are one of the features of CML cells, and telomere shortening accentuates as the disease progresses from the chronic phase to the blastic phase. Although most individual telomeres are short, some of them are lengthened, and long individual telomeres occur non-randomly and might be associated with clonal selection. Telomerase is the main mechanism used to maintain telomere lengths, and its activity increases when CML evolves toward advanced stages. ALT might be another mechanism employed by CML cells to sustain the homeostasis of their telomere lengths and this mechanism seems predominant at the early stage of leukemogenesis. Also, telomerase and ALT might jointly act to maintain telomere lengths at the chronic phase, and as CML progresses, telomerase becomes the major mechanism. Finally, CML cells display an altered nuclear organization of their telomeres which is characterized by the presence of high number of telomeric aggregates, a feature of genomic instability, and differential positioning of telomeres. CML represents a good model to study mechanisms responsible for dynamic changes of individual telomere lengths and the remodeling of telomeric nuclear organization throughout cancer progression.
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Telomere shortening in Ph-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: A biological marker of polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis, regardless of hydroxycarbamide therapy. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:627-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Samassekou O, Malina A, Hébert J, Yan J. Presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres associated circular extrachromosome telomere repeats in primary leukemia cells of chronic myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:26. [PMID: 23547895 PMCID: PMC3623713 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The predominant mechanism by which human tumors maintain telomere length is via telomerase. In ~10% of tumor samples, however, telomere length is conserved, despite no detectable telomerase activity, in part through activation of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Methods We studied the circular extra-chromosomal telomeric repeat (ECTR), an ALT hallmark, and telomerase activity in 24 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase (CP). Results We identified the presence of ECTR in primary leukemia cells from some of these samples, which indicates the possible involvement of an ALT mechanism. Moreover, we found that some samples exhibited both circular ECTR and telomerase activities, suggesting that both mechanisms can contribute to the onset of CML. Conclusion We propose that ALT or the combined activities of ALT and telomerase might be required for the early stages of leukemogenesis. These findings shed new light into the oncogenic pathways responsible for the maintenance of telomere length in leukemia, which will ultimately determine the effectiveness of anti-telomerase-based treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Samassekou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Samassekou O, Hébert J, Mai S, Yan J. Nuclear remodeling of telomeres in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:495-502. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Selected telomere length changes and aberrant three-dimensional nuclear telomere organization during fast-onset mouse plasmacytomas. Neoplasia 2012; 14:344-51. [PMID: 22577349 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse plasmacytoma (PCT) can develop within 45 days when induced by a v-abl/myc replication-deficient retrovirus. This fast-onset PCT development is always associated with trisomy of cytoband E2 of mouse chromosome 11 (11E2). Trisomy of 11E2 was identified as the sole aberration in all fast-onset mouse PCTs in [T38HxBALB/c]N congenic mice, with a reciprocal translocation between chromosome X and 11 (rcpT(X;11)) (Genes Cancer 2010;1:847-858). Using this mouse model, we have now examined the overall and individual telomere lengths in fast-onset PCTs compared with normal B cells using two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization of telomeres. We found fast-onset PCTs to have a significantly different three-dimensional telomere profile, compared with primary B cells of wild-type littermates with and without rcpT(X;11) (P < .0001 and P = .006, respectively). Our data also indicate for primary PCT cells, from the above mouse strain, that the translocation chromosome carrying 11E2 is the only chromosome with telomere lengthening (P = 4 x 10(-16)). This trend is not seen for T(X;11) in primary B cells of control [T38HxBALB/c]N mice with the rcpT(X;11). This finding supports the concept of individual telomere lengthening of chromosomes that are functionally important for the tumorigenic process.
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18
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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Chromosome arm-specific long telomeres: a new clonal event in primary chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Neoplasia 2011; 13:550-60. [PMID: 21677878 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that critically shortened telomere lengths correlate with the chromosome instability in carcinogenesis. However, little has been noticed regarding the correlation of long telomeres at specific chromosomes with malignant disorders. We studied relative telomere lengths (RTLs) for individual chromosomes using the quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization technique in a cohort of 32 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 32 normal samples. We found that telomeres at some specific chromosome arms remain well maintained or even lengthened in a high frequency (27/32) of leukemia cases. In particular, 10 chromosome arms, 4q, 5p, 7q, 11p, 13p, 13q, 14p, 15p, 18p, and Xp, with long telomeres were consistently identified in different samples, and six of them (4q, 5p, 13p, 13q, 14p, and Xp) with relatively long telomeres were also observed in normal samples, but they appeared in lower occurrence rate and shorter RTL than in CML samples. Our results strongly indicate the presence of a special leukemia cell population, or a clone, originated from a common progenitor that is characterized with chromosome arm-specific long telomeres. We suggest that relatively long telomeres located at key chromosomes could be preferentially maintained or further elongated during the early stage of malignant transformation.
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Sizing the ends: normal length of human telomeres. Ann Anat 2010; 192:284-91. [PMID: 20732797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ends of human chromosomes are constituted of telomeres, a nucleoprotein complex. They are mainly formed by the entanglement of repeat DNA and telomeric and non-telomeric proteins. Telomeric sequences are lost in each cell division and this loss happens in vitro as well as in vivo. The diminution of telomere length over the cell cycle has led to the consideration of telomeres as a 'mitotic clock'. Telomere lengths are heterogeneous because they differ among tissues, cells, and chromosome arms. Cell proliferation capacity, cellular environment, and epigenetic factors are some elements that affect this telomere heterogeneity. Also, genetic and environmental factors modulate the difference in telomere lengths between individuals. Telomere length is regulated by telomere structure, telomerase, the enzyme that elongates the 3'-end of telomeres, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) used exclusively in immortalized and cancer cells. The understanding of telomere length dynamic in the normal population is essential to develop a deeper insight into the role of telomere function in pathological settings.
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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