1
|
Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang M, Sheng L, Ke Y, Wu Z. The research progress on radiation resistance of cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380448. [PMID: 38651153 PMCID: PMC11033433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the most prevalent gynecology malignant tumor and ranks as the fourth most common cancer worldwide, thus posing a significant threat to the lives and health of women. Advanced and early-stage cervical carcinoma patients with high-risk factors require adjuvant treatment following surgery, with radiotherapy being the primary approach. However, the tolerance of cervical cancer to radiotherapy has become a major obstacle in its treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that radiation resistance in cervical cancer is closely associated with DNA damage repair pathways, the tumor microenvironment, tumor stem cells, hypoxia, cell cycle arrest, and epigenetic mechanisms, among other factors. The development of tumor radiation resistance involves complex interactions between multiple genes, pathways, and mechanisms, wherein each factor interacts through one or more signaling pathways. This paper provides an overview of research progress on an understanding of the mechanism underlying radiation resistance in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yumin Ke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuna Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahara S, Warner KA, Herzog AE, Zhang Z, Nör JE. Therapeutic inhibition of Bmi-1 ablates chemoresistant cancer stem cells in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2023; 142:106437. [PMID: 37267716 PMCID: PMC10960194 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas (ACC) typically show modest responseto cytotoxic therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been implicated in chemoresistance and tumor relapse. However, their role in ACC remains unknown. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of targeting ACC CSCs with Bmi-1 inhibitors on resistance to cytotoxic therapy and tumor relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therapeutic efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of Bmi-1 (PTC596; Unesbulin) and/or Cisplatin on ACC stemness was evaluated in immunodeficient mice harboring PDX ACC tumors (UM-PDX-HACC-5) and in human ACC cell-lines (UM-HACC-2A,-14) or low passage primary human ACC cells (UM-HACC-6). The effect of therapy on stemness was examined by salisphere assays, flow cytometry for ALDH activity and CD44 expression, and Western blots for Bmi-1 (self-renewal marker) and Oct4 (embryonic stem cell marker) expression. RESULTS Platinum-based agents (Cisplatin, Carboplatin) induced Bmi-1 and Oct4 expression, increased salisphere formation and the CSC fraction in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, PTC596 inhibited expression of Bmi-1, Oct4 and pro-survival proteins Mcl-1 and Claspin; decreased the number of salispheres, and the fraction of ACC CSCs in vitro. Silencing Claspin decreased salisphere formation and CSC fraction. Both, single agent PTC596 and PTC596/Cisplatin combination decreased the CSC fraction in PDX ACC tumors. Notably, short-term combination therapy (2 weeks) with PTC596/Cisplatin prevented tumor relapse for 150 days in a preclinical trial in mice. CONCLUSION Therapeutic inhibition of Bmi-1 ablates chemoresistant CSCs and prevents ACC tumor relapse. Collectively, these results suggest that ACC patients might benefit from Bmi-1-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Sahara
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kristy A Warner
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra E Herzog
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galindo-Vega A, Maldonado-Lagunas V, Mitre-Aguilar IB, Melendez-Zajgla J. Tumor Microenvironment Role in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1560. [PMID: 37371030 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a majority of patients presenting with unresectable or metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival rate. This, in turn, is due to a highly complex tumor microenvironment and the presence of cancer stem cells, both of which induce therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, understanding and targeting the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells may be key strategies for designing effective PDAC therapies. In the present review, we summarized recent advances in the role of tumor microenvironment in pancreatic neoplastic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Galindo-Vega
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 04710, Mexico
| | | | - Irma B Mitre-Aguilar
- Biochemistry Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 04710, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eptaminitaki GC, Zaravinos A, Stellas D, Panagopoulou M, Karaliota S, Baltsavia I, Iliopoulos I, Chatzaki E, Iliopoulos D, Baritaki S. Genome-Wide Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression Networks in CD133+/CD44+ Stem-like PDAC Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041053. [PMID: 36831395 PMCID: PMC9954787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy and the most common type of pancreatic cancer is linked with poor prognosis and, eventually, with high mortality rates. Early detection is seldom, while tumor heterogeneity and microarchitectural alterations benefit PDAC resistance to conventional therapeutics. Although emerging evidence suggest the core role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in PDAC aggressiveness, unique stem signatures are poorly available, thus limiting the efforts of anti-CSC-targeted therapy. Herein, we report the findings of the first genome-wide analyses of mRNA/lncRNA transcriptome profiling and co-expression networks in PDAC cell line-derived CD133+/CD44+ cells, which were shown to bear a CSC-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Compared to CD133-/CD44- cells, the CD133+/CD44+ population demonstrated significant expression differences in both transcript pools. Using emerging bioinformatic tools, we performed lncRNA target coding gene prediction analysis, which revealed significant Gene Ontology (GO), pathway, and network enrichments in many dyregulated lncRNA nearby (cis or trans) mRNAs, with reported involvement in the regulation of CSC phenotype and functions. In this context, the construction of lncRNA/mRNA networks by ingenuity platforms identified the lncRNAs ATF2, CHEK1, DCAF8, and PAX8 to interact with "hub" SC-associated mRNAs. In addition, the expressions of the above lncRNAs retrieved by TCGA-normalized RNAseq gene expression data of PAAD were significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of PDAC, including tumor grade and stage, nodal metastasis, and overall survival. Overall, our findings shed light on the identification of CSC-specific lncRNA signatures with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giasemi C. Eptaminitaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Cancer Genetics, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ismini Baltsavia
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4727
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chai C, Ji P, Xu H, Tang H, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhou W. Targeting cancer drug resistance utilizing organoid technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114098. [PMID: 36528918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer organoids generated from 3D in vitro cell cultures have contributed to the study of drug resistance. Maintenance of genomic and transcriptomic similarity between organoids and parental cancer allows organoids to have the ability of accurate prediction in drug resistance testing. Protocols of establishing therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant organoids are concluded in two aspects, which are generated directly from respective patients' cancer and by induction of anti-cancer drug. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses and gene editing have been applied to organoid studies to identify key targets in drug resistance and FGFR3, KHDRBS3, lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 and FBN1 were found to be key targets. Furthermore, mechanisms contributing to resistance have been identified, including metabolic adaptation, activation of DNA damage response, defects in apoptosis, reduced cellular senescence, cellular plasticity, subpopulation interactions and gene fusions. Additionally, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been verified to be involved in drug resistance utilizing organoid technology. Reversal of drug resistance can be achieved by targeting key genes and CSCs in cancer organoids. In this review, we summarize applications of organoids to cancer drug resistance research, indicating prospects and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chai
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; The Forth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Pengfei Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Costa AABA, Chowdhury D, Shapiro GI, D'Andrea AD, Konstantinopoulos PA. Targeting replication stress in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:38-58. [PMID: 36202931 PMCID: PMC11132912 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability and a crucial vulnerability of cancer cells. This vulnerability can be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting kinases that coordinate the DNA damage response with cell cycle control, including ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 checkpoint kinases. In addition, inhibiting the DNA damage response releases DNA fragments into the cytoplasm, eliciting an innate immune response. Therefore, several ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation as monotherapies or in combination with chemotherapy, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors to capitalize on high replication stress, overcome therapeutic resistance and promote effective antitumour immunity. Here, we review current and emerging approaches for targeting replication stress in cancer, from preclinical and biomarker development to clinical trial evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toulany M. Targeting K-Ras-mediated DNA damage response in radiation oncology: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:6-14. [PMID: 36313934 PMCID: PMC9596599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of cancer patients receive curative or palliative radiation. Despite the significant role of radiotherapy (RT) as a curative approach for many solid tumors, tumor recurrence occurs, partially because of intrinsic radioresistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of RT is hampered by activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The intensity of DDR signaling is affected by multiple parameters, e.g., loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes, gain-of-function mutations in protooncogenes as well as radiation-induced alterations in signal-transduction pathways. Therefore, the response to irradiation differs in tumors of different types, which makes the individualization of RT as a rational but challenging goal. One contributor to tumor cell radiation survival is signaling through the Ras pathway. Three RAS genes encode 4 Ras isoforms: K-Ras4A, K-Ras4B, H-Ras, and N-Ras. RAS family members are found to be mutated in approximately 19% of human cancers. Mutations in RAS lead to constitutive activation of the gene product and activation of multiple Ras-dependent signal-transduction cascades. Preclinical studies have shown that the expression of mutant KRAS affects DDR and increases cell survival after irradiation. Approximately 70% of RAS mutations occur in KRAS. Thus, applying targeted therapies directly against K-Ras as well as K-Ras upstream activators and downstream effectors might be a tumor-specific approach to overcome K-Ras-mediated RT resistance. In this review, the role of K-Ras in the activation of DDR signaling will be summarized. Recent progress in targeting DDR in KRAS-mutated tumors in combination with radiochemotherapy will be discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cho JG, Kim SW, Lee A, Jeong HN, Yun E, Choi J, Jeong SJ, Chang W, Oh S, Yoo KH, Lee JB, Yoon S, Lee MS, Park JH, Jung MH, Kim SW, Kim KH, Suh DS, Choi KU, Choi J, Kim J, Kwon BS. MicroRNA-dependent inhibition of WEE1 controls cancer stem-like characteristics and malignant behavior in ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:803-822. [PMID: 36159587 PMCID: PMC9463562 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Liu C, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhao X, Chen T, Su X, Guo H, Wang Q, Xi X, Ding Y, Chen Y. Probe Synthesis Reveals Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 1 as the Anti‐Pancreatic Cancer Target of BE‐43547A
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206953. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Xiuhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nishimoto A. Effective combinations of anti-cancer and targeted drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3637-3643. [PMID: 36161054 PMCID: PMC9372808 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and lethal. Due to the lack of effective methods for detecting the disease at an early stage, pancreatic cancer is frequently diagnosed late. Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapy drug for patients with pancreatic cancer for over 20 years, but its anti-tumor effect is limited. Therefore, FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) as well as combination therapies using gemcitabine and conventional agents, such as cisplatin and capecitabine, has also been administered; however, these have not resulted in complete remission. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel and effective therapies for pancreatic cancer. Recently, some studies have reported that combinations of gemcitabine and targeted drugs have had significant anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer cells. As gemcitabine induced DNA damage response, the proteins related to DNA damage response can be suitable additional targets for novel gemcitabine-based combination therapy. Furthermore, KRAS/ RAF/MEK/ERK signaling triggered by oncogenic mutated KRAS and autophagy are frequently activated in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, these characteristics of pancreatic cancer are potential targets for developing effective novel therapies.
In this minireview, combinations of gemcitabine and targeted drugs to these characteristics, combinations of targeted drugs, combinations of natural products and anti-cancer agents, including gemcitabine, and combinations among natural products are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arata Nishimoto
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda City 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rana M, Perotti A, Bisset LM, Smith JD, Lamden E, Khan Z, Ismail MK, Ellis K, Armstrong KA, Hodder SL, Bertoli C, Meneguello L, de Bruin RAM, Morris JR, Romero-Canelon I, Tucker JHR, Hodges NJ. A ferrocene-containing nucleoside analogue targets DNA replication in pancreatic cancer cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac041. [PMID: 35689667 PMCID: PMC9320222 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease that remains refractory to existing treatments including the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine. In the current study we demonstrate that an organometallic nucleoside analogue, the ferronucleoside 1-(S,Rp), is cytotoxic in a panel of PDAC cell lines including gemcitabine-resistant MIAPaCa2, with IC50 values comparable to cisplatin. Biochemical studies show that the mechanism of action is inhibition of DNA replication, S-phase cell cycle arrest and stalling of DNA-replication forks, which were directly observed at single molecule resolution by DNA-fibre fluorography. In agreement with this, transcriptional changes following treatment with 1-(S,Rp) include activation of three of the four genes (HUS1, RAD1, RAD17) of the 9-1-1 check point complex clamp and two of the three genes (MRE11, NBN) that form the MRN complex as well as activation of multiple downstream targets. Furthermore, there was evidence of phosphorylation of checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 as well as RPA1 and gamma H2AX, all of which are considered biochemical markers of replication stress. Studies in p53-deficient cell lines showed activation of CDKN1A (p21) and GADD45A by 1-(S,Rp) was at least partially independent of p53. In conclusion, because of its potency and activity in gemcitabine-resistant cells, 1-(S,Rp) is a promising candidate molecule for development of new treatments for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marium Rana
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alessio Perotti
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lucy M Bisset
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James D Smith
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma Lamden
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zahra Khan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Media K Ismail
- Department of pharmacy, college of pharmacy, Knowledge University, 44001 Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Katherine Ellis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, and The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katie A Armstrong
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Samantha L Hodder
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory or Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leticia Meneguello
- MRC Laboratory or Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory or Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, and The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelon
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James H R Tucker
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu C, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhao X, Chen T, Su X, Guo H, Wang Q, Xi X, Ding Y, Chen Y. Probe Synthesis Reveals Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 1 as the Anti‐Pancreatic Cancer Target of BE‐43547A2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Liang Wang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Xiuhe Zhao
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | | | - Xiuwen Su
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Hui Guo
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Qin Wang
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xiaonan Xi
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yahui Ding
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yue Chen
- Nankai University College of Pharmacy Weijin RoadNankai district 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Drago-Ferrante R, Subbannayya Y, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Calleja-Agius J. Cancer Stem Cells and Their Possible Implications in Cervical Cancer: A Short Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095167. [PMID: 35563557 PMCID: PMC9106065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of gynecological malignancy affecting females worldwide. Most CC cases are linked to infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV). There has been a significant decrease in the incidence and death rate of CC due to effective cervical Pap smear screening and administration of vaccines. However, this is not equally available throughout different societies. The prognosis of patients with advanced or recurrent CC is particularly poor, with a one-year relative survival rate of a maximum of 20%. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play an important role in CC tumorigenesis, metastasis, relapse, and chemo/radio-resistance, thus representing potential targets for a better therapeutic outcome. CSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewing ability, which can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cell types, thus creating a progeny of cells constituting the bulk of tumors. Since cervical CSCs (CCSC) are difficult to identify, this has led to the search for different markers (e.g., ABCG2, ITGA6 (CD49f), PROM1 (CD133), KRT17 (CK17), MSI1, POU5F1 (OCT4), and SOX2). Promising therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-signaling pathways and the CSC niche are currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of CC and CCSCs, describing the phenotypes of CCSCs and the potential of targeting CCSCs in the management of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | | | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University “Giuseppe DeGennaro”, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parsels LA, Zhang Q, Karnak D, Parsels JD, Lam K, Willers H, Green MD, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS, Morgan MA. Translation of DNA Damage Response Inhibitors as Chemoradiation Sensitizers From the Laboratory to the Clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:e38-e53. [PMID: 34348175 PMCID: PMC8602768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies with agents targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) offer an opportunity to selectively enhance the therapeutic index of chemoradiation or eliminate use of chemotherapy altogether. The successful translation of DDR inhibitors to clinical use requires investigating both their direct actions as (chemo)radiosensitizers and their potential to stimulate tumor immunogenicity. Beginning with high-throughput screening using both viability and DNA damage-reporter assays, followed by validation in gold-standard radiation colony-forming assays and in vitro assessment of mechanistic effects on the DDR, we describe proven strategies and methods leading to the clinical development of DDR inhibitors both with radiation alone and in combination with chemoradiation. Beyond these in vitro studies, we discuss the impact of key features of human xenograft and syngeneic mouse models on the relevance of in vivo tumor efficacy studies, particularly with regard to the immunogenic effects of combined therapy with radiation and DDR inhibitors. Finally, we describe recent technological advances in radiation delivery (using the small animal radiation research platform) that allow for conformal, clinically relevant radiation therapy in mouse models. This overall approach is critical to the successful clinical development and ultimate Food and Drug Administration approval of DDR inhibitors as (chemo)radiation sensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Karnak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua D Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kwok Lam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hossain MA, Lin Y, Driscoll G, Li J, McMahon A, Matos J, Zhao H, Tsuchimoto D, Nakabeppu Y, Zhao J, Yan S. APE2 Is a General Regulator of the ATR-Chk1 DNA Damage Response Pathway to Maintain Genome Integrity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:738502. [PMID: 34796173 PMCID: PMC8593216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity and fidelity is vital for the proper function and survival of all organisms. Recent studies have revealed that APE2 is required to activate an ATR-Chk1 DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in response to oxidative stress and a defined DNA single-strand break (SSB) in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. However, it remains unclear whether APE2 is a general regulator of the DDR pathway in mammalian cells. Here, we provide evidence using human pancreatic cancer cells that APE2 is essential for ATR DDR pathway activation in response to different stressful conditions including oxidative stress, DNA replication stress, and DNA double-strand breaks. Fluorescence microscopy analysis shows that APE2-knockdown (KD) leads to enhanced γH2AX foci and increased micronuclei formation. In addition, we identified a small molecule compound Celastrol as an APE2 inhibitor that specifically compromises the binding of APE2 but not RPA to ssDNA and 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of APE2 but not APE1. The impairment of ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway by Celastrol in Xenopus egg extracts and human pancreatic cancer cells highlights the physiological significance of Celastrol in the regulation of APE2 functionalities in genome integrity. Notably, cell viability assays demonstrate that APE2-KD or Celastrol sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Overall, we propose APE2 as a general regulator for the DDR pathway in genome integrity maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Akram Hossain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Garrett Driscoll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Anne McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Joshua Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oct4 confers stemness and radioresistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the homologous recombination factors PSMC3IP and RAD54L. Oncogene 2021; 40:4214-4228. [PMID: 34079088 PMCID: PMC8211562 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often being diagnosed at an advanced stage, conferring a poor prognosis. The probability of local tumor control after radiotherapy depends on the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with activated DNA repair. This study provides evidence that the CSC-related transcription factor Oct4 contributes to HNSCC radioresistance by regulating DNA damage response and the CSC phenotype. Knockdown of Oct4 A isoform reduced self-renewal capacity in HNSCC and led to partial tumor cell radiosensitization caused by transcriptional downregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and WEE1 and homologous recombination (HR) repair genes PSMC3IP and RAD54L. Besides, PARP inhibition with Olaparib selectively radiosensitized Oct4 A knockout, but not wild-type HNSCC cells. This finding links Oct4 A to the HR-mediated DNA repair mechanisms. In turn, knockdown of PSMC3IP and RAD54L reduced the HNSCC self-renewal capacity and clonogenic cell survival after irradiation, suggesting the interplay between DNA repair and the CSC phenotype. Similar to the effect of Oct4 knockdown, overexpression of Oct4 also resulted in significant HNSCC radiosensitization and increased DNA damage, suggesting that Oct4-dependent regulation of DNA repair depends on its fine-tuned expression. In line with this observation, HNSCC patients with high and low nuclear Oct4 expression at the invasive tumor front exhibited better loco-regional tumor control after postoperative radio(chemo)therapy compared to the intermediate expression subgroup. Thus, we found that the Oct4-driven transcriptional program plays a critical role in regulating HNSCC radioresistance, and a combination of radiotherapy with PARP inhibitors may induce synthetic lethality in Oct4-deregulated tumors.
Collapse
|
19
|
Na HJ, Akan I, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107632. [PMID: 32402277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cetin R, Quandt E, Kaulich M. Functional Genomics Approaches to Elucidate Vulnerabilities of Intrinsic and Acquired Chemotherapy Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020260. [PMID: 33525637 PMCID: PMC7912423 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a commonly unavoidable consequence of cancer treatment that results in therapy failure and disease relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms can be drug-specific or be applicable to multiple drugs, resulting in multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, however, tightly coupled to changes in cellular homeostasis, which can lead to resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations through RNAi and CRISPR technologies are invaluable tools to establish genotype-to-phenotype relationships at the genome scale. Moreover, their application to cancer cell lines can uncover new vulnerabilities that are associated with resistance mechanisms. Here, we discuss targeted and unbiased RNAi and CRISPR efforts in the discovery of drug resistance mechanisms by focusing on first-in-line chemotherapy and their enforced vulnerabilities, and we present a view forward on which measures should be taken to accelerate their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronay Cetin
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Eva Quandt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-69-6301-5450
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ao L, Li L, Sun H, Chen H, Li Y, Huang H, Wang X, Guo Z, Zhou R. Transcriptomic analysis on the effects of melatonin in gastrointestinal carcinomas. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:233. [PMID: 32689938 PMCID: PMC7372748 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has been shown with anticancer property and therapeutic potential for tumors. However, there lacks a systematic study on the molecular pathways of melatonin and its antitumor effects in gastrointestinal carcinomas. METHODS Using the gene expression profiles of four cancer cell lines from three types of gastrointestinal carcinomas before and after melatonin treatment, including gastric carcinoma (GC), colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological pathways influenced by melatonin were identified. The qRT-PCR analyses were performed to validate the effects of melatonin on 5-FU resistance-related genes in CRC. RESULTS There were 17 pathways commonly altered by melatonin in the three cancer types, including FoxO signaling pathways enriched by the upregulated DEGs and cell cycle signaling pathways enriched by the downregulated DEGs, confirmed the dual role of melatonin to tumor growth, pro-apoptosis and anti-proliferation. DEGs upregulated in the three types of cancer tissues but reversely downregulated by melatonin were commonly enriched in RNA transport, spliceosome and cell cycle signaling pathways, which indicate that melatonin might exert antitumor effects through these pathways. Our results further showed that melatonin can downregulate the expression levels of 5-FU resistance-related genes, such as thymidylate synthase in GC and ATR, CHEK1, BAX and MYC in CRC. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that melatonin enhanced the sensitivity of CRC 5-FU resistant cells by decreasing the expression of ATR. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin exerts the effects of pro-apoptosis and anti-proliferation on gastrointestinal carcinomas, and might increase the sensitivity of 5-FU in GC and CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huxing Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garcia PL, Miller AL, Yoon KJ. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Pancreatic Cancer: Overview and Comparison with Other Types of Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1327. [PMID: 32456018 PMCID: PMC7281668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is anticipated to be second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States by 2030. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of PC. Multiple recent preclinical studies focus on identifying effective treatments for PDAC, but the models available for these studies often fail to reproduce the heterogeneity of this tumor type. Data generated with such models are of unknown clinical relevance. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models offer several advantages over human cell line-based in vitro and in vivo models and models of non-human origin. PDX models retain genetic characteristics of the human tumor specimens from which they were derived, have intact stromal components, and are more predictive of patient response than traditional models. This review briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of 2D cultures, organoids and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of PDAC, and focuses on the applications, characteristics, advantages, limitations, and the future potential of PDX models for improving the management of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.L.G.); (A.L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nanda N, Roberts NJ. ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase and its Role in Pancreatic Risk. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E108. [PMID: 31963441 PMCID: PMC7017295 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has led to the recent discovery of several novel pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes. These genes include ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a serine/threonine kinase that is an integral component of DNA repair. Pathogenic germline ATM variants are frequently identified in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with and without a family history of the disease. Loss of ATM is also a frequent somatic event in the development of PDAC. These discoveries have advanced our understanding of the genetic basis of pancreatic cancer risk and will impact patient care through appropriate patient-risk stratification; personalized screening and early detection efforts; and, for some, targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nanda
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA;
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA;
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: biological hallmarks, current status, and future perspectives of combined modality treatment approaches. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:141. [PMID: 31395068 PMCID: PMC6688256 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly devastating disease with poor prognosis and rising incidence. Late detection and a particularly aggressive biology are the major challenges which determine therapeutic failure. In this review, we present the current status and the recent advances in PDAC treatment together with the biological and immunological hallmarks of this cancer entity. On this basis, we discuss new concepts combining distinct treatment modalities in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcome - with a specific focus on protocols involving radio(chemo)therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
25
|
Perusina Lanfranca M, Thompson JK, Bednar F, Halbrook C, Lyssiotis C, Levi B, Frankel TL. Metabolism and epigenetics of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:19-26. [PMID: 30273655 PMCID: PMC6438777 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by early spread and a high mortality. Current studies suggest that a subpopulation of cells exist within tumors, cancer stem cell (CSC), which are capable of self-renewal and give rise to unique progeny which form the major neoplastic cellular component of tumors. While CSCs constitute a small cellular subpopulation within the tumor, their resistance to chemotherapy and radiation make them an important therapeutic target for eradication. Along with distinctive phenotypic properties, CSCs possess a unique metabolic plasticity allowing them to rapidly respond and adapt to environmental changes. These cells and their progeny also display a significantly altered epigenetic state with distinctive patterns of DNA methylation. Several mechanisms of cross-talk between epigenetic and metabolic pathways in PDA exist which ultimately contribute to the observed cellular plasticity and enhanced tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss various examples of this metabolic-epigenetic interplay and how it may constitute a new avenue for therapy specifically targeting CSCs in PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J K Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - F Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Halbrook
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - B Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - T L Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cabrera E, Raninga P, Khanna KK, Freire R. GSK3-β Stimulates Claspin Degradation via β-TrCP Ubiquitin Ligase and Alters Cancer Cell Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081073. [PMID: 31362447 PMCID: PMC6721324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Claspin is essential for activating the DNA damage checkpoint effector kinase Chk1, a target in oncotherapy. Claspin functions are tightly correlated to Claspin protein stability, regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Here we identify Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) as a new regulator of Claspin stability. Interestingly, as Chk1, GSK3-β is a therapeutic target in cancer. GSK3-β inhibition or knockdown stabilizes Claspin, whereas a GSK3-β constitutively active form reduces Claspin protein levels by ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Our results also suggest that GSK3-β modulates the interaction of Claspin with β-TrCP, a critical E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates Claspin stability. Importantly, GSK3-β knock down increases Chk1 activation in response to DNA damage in a Claspin-dependent manner. Therefore, Chk1 activation could be a pro-survival mechanism that becomes activated upon GSK3-β inhibition. Importantly, treating triple negative breast cancer cell lines with Chk1 or GSK3-β inhibitors alone or in combination, demonstrates that Chk1/GSK3-β double inhibition restrains cell growth and triggers more apoptosis compared to individual treatments, thereby revealing novel possibilities for a combination therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra s/n, La Cuesta, 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra s/n, La Cuesta, 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Atashzar MR, Baharlou R, Karami J, Abdollahi H, Rezaei R, Pourramezan F, Zoljalali Moghaddam SH. Cancer stem cells: A review from origin to therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:790-803. [PMID: 31286518 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are elucidated as cells that can perpetuate themselves via autorestoration. These cells are highly resistant to current therapeutic approaches and are the main reason for cancer recurrence. Radiotherapy has made a lot of contributions to cancer treatment. However, despite continuous achievements, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence are still prevalent in most patients. This resistance might be partly related to the existence of CSCs. In the present study, recent advances in the investigation of different biological properties of CSCs, such as their origin, markers, characteristics, and targeting have been reviewed. We have also focused our discussion on radioresistance and adaptive responses of CSCs and their related extrinsic and intrinsic influential factors. In summary, we suggest CSCs as the prime therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Radiologic Sciences and Medical Physics, School of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourramezan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Azenha D, Lopes MC, Martins TC. Claspin: From replication stress and DNA damage responses to cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 115:203-246. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Manic G, Sistigu A, Corradi F, Musella M, De Maria R, Vitale I. Replication stress response in cancer stem cells as a target for chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:31-41. [PMID: 30081229 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of multipotent stem cells (SCs) responsible for the initiation, long-term clonal maintenance, growth and spreading of most human neoplasms. Reportedly, CSCs share a very robust DNA damage response (DDR) with embryonic and adult SCs, which allows them to survive endogenous and exogenous genotoxins. A range of experimental evidence indicates that CSCs have high but heterogeneous levels of replication stress (RS), arising from, and being boosted by, endogenous causes, such as specific genetic backgrounds (e.g., p53 deficiency) and/or aberrant karyotypes (e.g., supernumerary chromosomes). A multipronged RS response (RSR) is put in place by CSCs to limit and ensure tolerability to RS. The characteristics of such dedicated cascade have two opposite consequences, both relevant for cancer therapy. On the one hand, RSR efficiency often increases the reliance of CSCs on specific DDR components. On the other hand, the functional redundancy of pathways of the RSR can paradoxically promote the acquisition of resistance to RS- and/or DNA damage-inducing agents. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of the RSR in cancer cells and CSCs, focusing on the role of CHK1 and some emerging players, such as PARP1 and components of the homologous recombination repair, whose targeting can represent a long-term effective anti-CSC strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Manic
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sereti E, Karagianellou T, Kotsoni I, Magouliotis D, Kamposioras K, Ulukaya E, Sakellaridis N, Zacharoulis D, Dimas K. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) for personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer: emerging allies in the war on a devastating cancer? J Proteomics 2018; 188:107-118. [PMID: 29398619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the eighth most lethal cancer for men and ninth for women worldwide, remains dismal. The increasing rates of deaths by PDAC indicate that the overall management of the disease in 21st century is still insufficient. Thus it is obvious that there is an unmet need to improve management of PDAC by finding new biomarkers to screen high risk patients, confirm diagnosis, and predict response to treatment as well more efficacious and safer treatments. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) have been developed as a new promising tool in an effort to mirror genetics, tumor heterogeneity and cancer microenvironment of the primary tumor. Herein we aim to give an updated overview of the current status and the perspectives of PDX in the search for the identification of novel biomarkers and improved therapeutic outcomes for PDAC but also their use as a valuable tool towards individualized treatments to improve the outcome of the disease. Furthermore, we critically review the applications, advantages, limitations, and perspectives of PDX in the research towards an improved management of PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and the potential role as well as the challenges of PDX in the road to fight one of the most lethal cancers in the developed countries, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Sereti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Kotsoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Magouliotis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kamposioras
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
You Y, Zheng Q, Dong Y, Xie X, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xue T, Wang Z, Chen R, Wang Y, Cui J, Ren Z. Matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness characteristics occurring in HCC cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32221-31. [PMID: 27050147 PMCID: PMC5078009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness as an important physical attribute of extracellular matrix exerts significant impacts on biological behaviors of cancer cells such as growth, proliferation, motility, metabolism and invasion. However, its influence on cancer stemness still remains elusive. Here, we explore whether matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness characteristics occur in HCC cells. As the substrate stiffness increased, HCC cells exhibited high proportion of cells with CD133(+)/EpCAM(+), high expression levels of CD133, EpCAM, Nanog and SOX2, greater self-renewing ability and oxaliplatin resistance. Simultaneously, their phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR, as well as p-4E-BP and SOX2 expressions were also obviously upregulated. Conversely, knockdown of integrin β1 partially attenuated higher stiffness-mediated stemness characteristics in HCC cells, and reversed the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR, and expressions of p-4E-BP and SOX2, suggesting that integrin β1 may deliver higher stiffness signal into HCC cells and activate mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, mTOR inhibitor suppressed the mTOR phosphorylation level and expression levels of p-4E-BP and SOX2 in HCC cells grown on higher stiffness substrate, as well as depressed their stemness properties significantly, favoring a regulating role of mTOR signaling pathway in matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness. In summary, matrix stiffness may be involved in the process of stemness regulation via activating integrin β1/Akt/mTOR/SOX2 signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this study first reveals a novel regulating pathway to direct the stemness characteristics in HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiongdan Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Tongchun Xue
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Subdivision, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, PR China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pascussi JM. [Mechanisms of resistance of cancer stem cells to chemotherapy]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:1080-1084. [PMID: 29173972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Pascussi
- Université de Montpellier, institut de génomique fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, 141, rue de la cardonille, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun Y, Ding Y, Li D, Zhou R, Su X, Yang J, Guo X, Chong C, Wang J, Zhang W, Bai C, Wang L, Chen Y. Cyclic Depsipeptide BE-43547A 2
: Synthesis and Activity against Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yahui Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dongmei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ruifei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiuwen Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Juan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiaoqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chuanke Chong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cuigai Bai
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Liang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yue Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun Y, Ding Y, Li D, Zhou R, Su X, Yang J, Guo X, Chong C, Wang J, Zhang W, Bai C, Wang L, Chen Y. Cyclic Depsipeptide BE-43547A2
: Synthesis and Activity against Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14627-14631. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yahui Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dongmei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ruifei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiuwen Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Juan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiaoqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chuanke Chong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cuigai Bai
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Liang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yue Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dzobo K, Senthebane DA, Rowe A, Thomford NE, Mwapagha LM, Al-Awwad N, Dandara C, Parker MI. Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis for Therapeutic Innovation in Clinical Oncology? Taking the Root Out, Not Chopping the Leaf. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 20:681-691. [PMID: 27930094 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical oncology is in need of therapeutic innovation. New hypotheses and concepts for translation of basic research to novel diagnostics and therapeutics are called for. In this context, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis rests on the premise that tumors comprise tumor cells and a subset of tumor-initiating cells, CSCs, in a quiescent state characterized by slow cell cycling and expression of specific stem cell surface markers with the capability to maintain a tumor in vivo. The CSCs have unlimited self-renewal abilities and propagate tumors through division into asymmetric daughter cells. This differentiation is induced by both genetic and environmental factors. Another characteristic of CSCs is their therapeutic resistance, which is due to their quiescent state and slow dividing. Notably, the CSC phenotype differs greatly between patients and different cancer types. The CSCs may differ genetically and phenotypically and may include primary CSCs and metastatic stem cells circulating within the blood system. Targeting CSCs will require the knowledge of distinct stem cells within the tumor. CSCs can differentiate into nontumorigenic cells and this has been touted as the source of heterogeneity observed in many solid tumors. The latter cannot be fully explained by epigenetic regulation or by the clonal evolution theory. This heterogeneity markedly influences how tumors respond to therapy and prognosis. The present expert review offers an analysis and synthesis of the latest research and concepts on CSCs, with a view to truly disruptive innovation for future diagnostics and therapeutics in clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- 3 Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Lamech M Mwapagha
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasir Al-Awwad
- 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University , Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Collet Dandara
- 3 Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kawamura D, Takemoto Y, Nishimoto A, Ueno K, Hosoyama T, Shirasawa B, Tanaka T, Kugimiya N, Harada E, Hamano K. Enhancement of cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine by Dclk1 inhibition through suppression of Chk1 phosphorylation in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3238-3244. [PMID: 29048622 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gemcitabine (GEM) is frequently used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, the effects are limited. To increase the inhibitory effect of GEM, the identification of a molecular target is needed. Recent studies have revealed that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) positively regulates tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), pluripotency, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, Dclk1 is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. However, the Dclk1-signaling pathway including its substrate proteins remains to be elucidated. To identify the candidate substrate proteins phosphorylated by Dclk1, we performed a cancer-related phosphorylated protein microarray using Dclk1-inhibited MIA Paca2 cells. Expression levels of phosphorylated cdc25A (p-cdc25A) and phosphorylated Chk1 (p-Chk1), belonging to the ATR pathway, were decreased by treatment with Dclk1 inhibitor LRRK2-IN-1 (LRRK), indicating Dclk1 involvement in the ATR pathway. Consistent with this finding, the GEM-induced p-Chk1 expression was significantly decreased by treatment with LRRK. Notably, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK allowed cell cycle progression without arresting at S phase, while individual treatment with GEM induced cell cycle arrest at S phase. In addition, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK increased the number of γ-H2AX-positive cells compared with that upon individual treatments. Moreover, LRRK alone, and combined treatment with GEM and LRRK, induced caspase-3 activation and PARP1 cleavage, in contrast to treatment with GEM alone. Finally, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK significantly reduced cell survival compared to individual treatment with GEM. These results indicate that Dclk1 inhibition in combination with GEM treatment offers a novel approach to treat pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kawamura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takemoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Arata Nishimoto
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirasawa
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naruji Kugimiya
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Eijiro Harada
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Azenha D, Lopes MC, Martins TC. Claspin functions in cell homeostasis-A link to cancer? DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:27-33. [PMID: 28942358 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Most cancers present high degrees of genomic instability. DNA damage and replication checkpoints function as barriers to halt cell cycle progression until damage is resolved, preventing the perpetuation of errors. Activation of these checkpoints is critically dependent on Claspin, an adaptor protein that mediates the phosphorylation of the effector kinase Chk1 by ATR. However, Claspin also performs other roles related to the protection and maintenance of cell and genome integrity. For instance, following DNA damage and checkpoint activation, Claspin bridges checkpoint responses to DNA repair or to apoptosis. During DNA replication, Claspin acts a sensor and couples DNA unwinding to strand polymerization, and may also indirectly regulate replication initiation at firing origins. As Claspin participates in several processes that are vital to maintenance of cell homeostasis, its function is tightly regulated at multiple levels. Nevertheless, little is known about its role in cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that Claspin inactivation could be an essential event during carcinogenesis, indicating that Claspin may function as a tumour suppressor. In this review, we will examine the functions of Claspin and how its deregulation may contribute to cancer initiation and progression. To conclude, we will discuss means by which Claspin can be targeted for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Azenha
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1º andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra de Francisco Gentil, Av. Bissaya Barreto 98, Apartado 2005, 3000-651, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1º andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Teresa C Martins
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1º andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra de Francisco Gentil, Av. Bissaya Barreto 98, Apartado 2005, 3000-651, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ruess DA, Görgülü K, Wörmann SM, Algül H. Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Emerging Concepts. Drugs Aging 2017; 34:331-357. [PMID: 28349415 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy, which is the result of late diagnosis, aggressive disease, and a lack of effective treatment options. Thus, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. This review summarizes recent developments of oncological therapy in the palliative setting of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. It further compiles novel targets and therapeutic approaches as well as promising treatment combinations, which are presently in preclinical evaluation, covering several aspects of the hallmarks of cancer. Finally, challenges to the implementation of an individualized therapy approach in the context of precision medicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A Ruess
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kivanc Görgülü
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Wörmann
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Herůdková J, Paruch K, Khirsariya P, Souček K, Krkoška M, Vondálová Blanářová O, Sova P, Kozubík A, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Chk1 Inhibitor SCH900776 Effectively Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effects of Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:830-841. [PMID: 28888100 PMCID: PMC5591453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Chk1 kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation as effective cancer cell sensitizers to the cytotoxic effects of numerous chemotherapeutics, there is still a considerable uncertainty regarding their role in modulation of anticancer potential of platinum-based drugs. Here we newly demonstrate the ability of one of the most specific Chk1 inhibitors, SCH900776 (MK-8776), to enhance human colon cancer cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of platinum(II) cisplatin and platinum(IV)- LA-12 complexes. The combined treatment with SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 results in apparent increase in G1/S phase-related apoptosis, stimulation of mitotic slippage, and senescence of HCT116 cells. We further show that the cancer cell response to the drug combinations is significantly affected by the p21, p53, and PTEN status. In contrast to their wt counterparts, the p53- or p21-deficient cells treated with SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 enter mitosis and become polyploid, and the senescence phenotype is strongly suppressed. While the cell death induced by SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 is significantly delayed in the absence of p53, the anticancer action of the drug combinations is significantly accelerated in p21-deficient cells, which is associated with stimulation of apoptosis beyond G2/M cell cycle phase. We also show that cooperative killing action of the drug combinations in HCT116 cells is facilitated in the absence of PTEN. Our results indicate that SCH900776 may act as an important modulator of cytotoxic response triggered by platinum-based drugs in colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Herůdková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Prashant Khirsariya
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krkoška
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Konrad CV, Murali R, Varghese BA, Nair R. The role of cancer stem cells in tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1-15. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogenous disease displaying marked inter- and intra-tumoral diversity. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been experimentally demonstrated in a number of cancer types as a subpopulation of tumor cells that drives the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of the entire cancer. Thus, eradication of the CSC population is critical for the complete ablation of a tumor. This is, however, confounded by the inherent resistance of CSCs to standard anticancer therapies, eventually leading to the outgrowth of resistant tumor cells and relapse in patients. The cellular mechanisms of therapy resistance in CSCs are ascribed to several factors including a state of quiescence, an enhanced DNA damage response and active repair mechanisms, up-regulated expression of drug efflux transporters, as well as the activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and inactivation of apoptotic signaling. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of resistance to therapy may hold the key to targeting the CSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Valbirk Konrad
- Cancer Research Division & Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | | | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ronco C, Martin AR, Demange L, Benhida R. ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1 inhibitors in cancer and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:295-319. [PMID: 30108746 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA inevitably undergoes a high number of damages throughout the cell cycle. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells have developed a complex enzymatic machinery aimed at sensing and repairing DNA lesions, pausing the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or induce apoptosis if damages are too severe. This so-called DNA-damage response (DDR) is yet considered as a major source of resistance to DNA-damaging treatments in oncology. Recently, it has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC), a sub-population of cancer cells particularly resistant and with tumour-initiating ability, allow tumour re-growth and cancer relapse. Therefore, DDR appears as a relevant target to sensitize cancer cells and cancer stem cells to classical radio- and chemotherapies as well as to overcome resistances. Moreover, the concept of synthetic lethality could be particularly efficiently exploited in DDR. Five kinases play pivotal roles in the DDR: ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1. Herein, we review the drugs targeting these proteins and the inhibitors used in the specific case of CSC. We also suggest molecules that may be of interest for preclinical and clinical researchers studying checkpoint inhibition to sensitize cancer and cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Choi M, Kipps T, Kurzrock R. ATM Mutations in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1781-91. [PMID: 27413114 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation of checkpoint arrest and homologous DNA repair are necessary for maintenance of genomic integrity during DNA replication. Germ-line mutations of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene result in the well-characterized ataxia telangiectasia syndrome, which manifests with an increased cancer predisposition, including a 20% to 30% lifetime risk of lymphoid, gastric, breast, central nervous system, skin, and other cancers. Somatic ATM mutations or deletions are commonly found in lymphoid malignancies, as well as a variety of solid tumors. Such mutations may result in chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis, but may also be exploited by existing or emerging targeted therapies that produce synthetic lethal states. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1781-91. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Choi
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.
| | - Thomas Kipps
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cancer Stem Cell Quiescence and Plasticity as Major Challenges in Cancer Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1740936. [PMID: 27418931 PMCID: PMC4932171 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1740936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells with stem-like properties, tumorigenic potential, and treatment-resistant phenotypes have been identified in many human malignancies. Based on the properties they share with nonneoplastic stem cells or their ability to initiate and propagate tumors in vivo, such cells were designated as cancer stem (stem-like) or tumor initiating/propagating cells. Owing to their implication in treatment resistance, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been the subject of intense investigation in past years. Comprehension of CSCs' intrinsic properties and mechanisms they develop to survive and even enhance their aggressive phenotype within the hostile conditions of the tumor microenvironment has reoriented therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. This report provides selected examples of malignancies in which the presence of CSCs has been evidenced and briefly discusses methods to identify, isolate, and functionally characterize the CSC subpopulation of cancer cells. Relevant biological targets in CSCs, their link to treatment resistance, proposed targeting strategies, and limitations of these approaches are presented. Two major aspects of CSC physiopathology, namely, relative in vivo quiescence and plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues or treatment, are highlighted. Implications of these findings in the context of the development of new therapies are discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wen L, Liang C, Chen E, Chen W, Liang F, Zhi X, Wei T, Xue F, Li G, Yang Q, Gong W, Feng X, Bai X, Liang T. Regulation of Multi-drug Resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is TRPC6/Calcium Dependent. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23269. [PMID: 27011063 PMCID: PMC4806320 DOI: 10.1038/srep23269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notoriously refractory to chemotherapy because of its tendency to develop multi-drug resistance (MDR), whose various underlying mechanisms make it difficult to target. The calcium signalling pathway is associated with many cellular biological activities, and is also a critical player in cancer. However, its role in modulating tumour MDR remains unclear. In this study, stimulation by doxorubicin, hypoxia and ionizing radiation was used to induce MDR in HCC cells. A sustained aggregation of intracellular calcium was observed upon these stimuli, while inhibition of calcium signalling enhanced the cells' sensitivity to various drugs by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hif1-α signalling and DNA damage repair. The effect of calcium signalling is mediated via transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a subtype of calcium-permeable channel. An in vivo xenograft model of HCC further confirmed that inhibiting TRPC6 enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin. In addition, we deduced that STAT3 activation is a downstream signalling pathway in MDR. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the various mechanisms regulating MDR in HCC cells are calcium dependent through the TRPC6/calcium/STAT3 pathway. We propose that targeting TRPC6 in HCC may be a novel antineoplastic strategy, especially combined with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Enjiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Henan, PR China
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease,Albany Medical College, ME-205 47 New Scotland Ave., MC-151, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinhua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cermeño EA, García AJ. Tumor-Initiating Cells: Emerging Biophysical Methods of Isolation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:21-32. [PMID: 27141429 PMCID: PMC4851112 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and subsequent isolation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), a small population of highly tumorigenic and drug-resistant cancer cells also called cancer stem cells (CSCs), have revolutionized our understanding of cancer. TICs are isolated using various methodologies, including selection of surface marker expression, ALDH activity, suspension culture, and chemotherapy/drug resistance. These methods have several drawbacks, including their variability, lack of robustness and scalability, and low specificity. Alternative methods of purification take advantage of biophysical properties of TICs including their adhesion and stiffness. This review will provide a brief overview of TIC biology as well as review the most important methods of TIC isolation with a focus on biophysical methods of TIC purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efraín A. Cermeño
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease plays a significant role for poor prognosis of cancer. Growing evidence supports a critical role of cancer stem cell (CSC) behind the mechanisms for this deadly disease. This review briefly introduces the basics of the conventional chemotherapies, updates the CSC theories, highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which CSC smartly designs and utilizes multiple lines of self-defense to avoid being killed by chemotherapy, and concisely summarizes recent progress in studies on CSC-targeted therapies in the end, with the hope to help guide future research toward developing more effective therapeutic strategies to eradicate tumor cells in the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihe Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of AMPK as a stress-response molecule with an emphasis on its duplex implication in carcinogenesis and cancer drug resistance. AMPK is closely correlated to the tumor-suppressive functions of LKB1 and P53, consequently modulating the activity of cellular survival signaling such as mTOR and Akt, leading to cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. On the contrary, AMPK is tightly involved in cancer drug resistance via interacting with multiple known mechanisms of chemoresistance such as ABCG2 expression, autophagy induction, and cancer stem cells enrichment. Targeting AMPK has become a novel strategy for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
48
|
DNA Damage Signalling and Repair Inhibitors: The Long-Sought-After Achilles' Heel of Cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3204-59. [PMID: 26610585 PMCID: PMC4693276 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the two only approaches exploiting DNA repair processes to fight against cancer. Nowadays, cancer therapeutics can be a major challenge when it comes to seeking personalized targeted medicine that is both effective and selective to the malignancy. Over the last decade, the discovery of new targeted therapies against DNA damage signalling and repair has offered the possibility of therapeutic improvements in oncology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA damage signalling and repair inhibitors, their molecular and cellular effects, and future therapeutic use.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sia D, Moeini A, Labgaa I, Villanueva A. The future of patient-derived tumor xenografts in cancer treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1671-83. [PMID: 26402657 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, major technological advancements have led to a better understanding of the molecular drivers of human malignancies. Nonetheless, this progress only marginally impacted the cancer therapeutic approach, probably due to the limited ability of experimental models to predict efficacy in clinical trials. In an effort to offset this limitation, there has been an increasing interest in the development of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models where human tumors are xenotransplanted into immunocompromised mice. Considering their high resemblance to human tumors and their stability, PDX models are becoming the preferred translational tools in preclinical studies. Nonetheless, several limitations hamper a wider use of PDX models and tarnish the concept that they might represent the missing piece in the personalized medicine puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sia
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group, HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hepato-biliary Surgery, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rossello 153, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Gastrointestinal Surgery & Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, via Venezian, 1, Milan, Italy.,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue NY 10029, USA
| | - Agrin Moeini
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group, HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hepato-biliary Surgery, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rossello 153, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue NY 10029, USA
| | - Ismail Labgaa
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue NY 10029, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue NY 10029, USA.,Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weng MT, Tung TH, Lee JH, Wei SC, Lin HL, Huang YJ, Wong JM, Luo J, Sheu JC. Enhancer of rudimentary homolog regulates DNA damage response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9357. [PMID: 25880358 PMCID: PMC4399501 DOI: 10.1038/srep09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) gene is required for the expression of multiple cell cycle and DNA damage response (DDR) genes. The present study investigated the role of ERH and its target DNA damage repair genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We observed positive correlation between ERH and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) expression in liver tissues. Expression of ERH, ATR as well as checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) were higher in HCCs than in normal liver tissues. Knocking-down ERH augmented ultraviolet light induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. ATR protein level is reduced upon ERH depletion as a result of defect in the splicing of ATR mRNA. Consequently, the ATR effector kinase Chk1 failed to be phosphorylated upon ultraviolet light or hydroxyurea treatment in ERH knocked-down HepG2 cells. Finally, we observed Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 enhanced the effect of doxorubicin on inhibiting growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. This study suggested that ERH regulates the splicing of the DNA damage response proteins ATR in HCC cells, and targeting DNA damage response by Chk1 inhibitor augments chemotherapy to treat HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tzu Weng
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan [2] Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsun Tung
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Li Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Huang
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ji Luo
- Cancer Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|