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Li Y, Fan L, Yan A, Ren X, Zhao Y, Hua B. Exosomal miR-361-3p promotes the viability of breast cancer cells by targeting ETV7 and BATF2 to upregulate the PAI-1/ERK pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:112. [PMID: 38282047 PMCID: PMC10823750 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant progression is the major cause of poor prognosis in breast cancer (BC) patients. Plasma exosomal miRNAs have been reported to be involved in tumor progression, but their roles in BC remain unclear. METHODS We performed plasma exosomal miRNA sequencing on 45 individuals, including healthy controls and nonmetastatic and metastatic BC patients. We examined the correlation between miRNA expression in tumor tissues and plasma exosomes in BC patients by qRT‒PCR. The effects of exosomal miR-361-3p on BC cells were determined by CellTiter-Glo, migration and wound healing assays. The target genes of miR-361-3p and downstream pathways were explored by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA knockdown, rescue experiments, and western blotting. We utilized murine xenograft model to further assess the impact of plasma exosomal miR-361-3p on the malignant progression of BC. RESULTS We found that the expression level of plasma exosomal miR-361-3p gradually increased with malignant progression in BC patients, and the expression of miR-361-3p in plasma exosomes and BC tissues was positively correlated. Consistently, exosomal miR-361-3p enhanced the migration and proliferation of two BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3. Furthermore, our data showed that miR-361-3p inhibited two novel target genes, ETV7 and BATF2, to activate the PAI-1/ERK pathway, leading to increased BC cell viability. Finally, the consistency of the in vivo experimental results supported that elevated plasma exosomal miR-361-3p promote the malignant progression of BC. CONCLUSIONS We found for the first time that plasma exosomal miR-361-3p was associated with malignant progression in BC patients. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-361-3p can enhance the migration and proliferation of BC cells by targeting the ETV7 and BATF2/PAI-1/ERK pathways. Our data suggest that plasma exosomal miR-361-3p has the potential to serve as a biomarker for predicting malignant progression in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Breast center, Department of Thyroid-Breast-Hernia Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fan
- Breast center, Department of Thyroid-Breast-Hernia Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Ren
- Breast center, Department of Thyroid-Breast-Hernia Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hua
- Breast center, Department of Thyroid-Breast-Hernia Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zou ML, Teng YY, Chen ZH, Liu SY, Jia Y, Zhang KW, Wu JJ, Yuan ZD, Tang XY, Yu S, Ye JX, Li X, Zhou XJ, Yuan FL. The uPA System Differentially Alters Fibroblast Fate and Profibrotic Ability in Skin Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845956. [PMID: 35371006 PMCID: PMC8966095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a common pathological feature of various diseases, and few treatment strategies are available because of the molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is the major serine protease system, and its components uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) are widely upregulated in fibrotic diseases, including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and scleroderma. Here, we found that the successful binding of uPA and uPAR activates the downstream peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway to reduce the proliferation, migration, and contraction of disease-derived fibroblasts, contributing to the alleviation of skin fibrosis. However, increased or robust upregulation of the inhibitor PAI-1 inhibits these effects, suggesting of the involvement of PAI-1 in skin fibrosis. Subsequent in vivo studies showed that uPAR inhibitors increased skin fibrosis in mouse models, while uPA agonists and PAI-1 inhibitors reversed these effects. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for the uPA system and highlights its relationships with skin fibrosis, thereby suggesting new therapeutic approaches targeting the uPA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Teng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tang
- Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Xing Ye
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Zhou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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3
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The genomic architecture of metastasis in breast cancer: focus on mechanistic aspects, signalling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Med Oncol 2021; 38:95. [PMID: 34268641 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease and the second most frequent cancer amongst women worldwide. Metastasis is one of the most leading causes of death in these patients. Early-stage or locally advanced breast cancer is limited to the breast or nearby lymph nodes. When breast cancer spreads to farther tissues/organs from its original site, it is referred to as metastatic or stage IV breast cancer. Normal breast development is regulated by specific genes and signalling pathways controlling cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation and cell motility. Dysregulation of genes involved in various signalling pathways not only leads to the formation of primary tumour but also to the metastasis as well. The metastatic cascade is represented by a multi-step process including invasion of the local tumour cell followed by its entry into the vasculature, exit of malignant cells from the circulation and ultimately their colonization at the distant sites. These stages are referred to as formation of primary tumour, angiogenesis, invasion, intravasation and extravasation, respectively. The major sites of metastasis of breast cancer are the lymph nodes, bone, brain and lung. Only about 28% five-year survival rate has been reported for stage IV breast cancer. Metastasis is a serious concern for breast cancer and therefore, various therapeutic strategies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to target specific dysregulated genes and various signalling pathways involved in different steps of metastasis. In addition, other therapies like hyperbaric oxygen therapy, RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 are also being explored as novel strategies to cure the stage IV/metastatic breast cancer. Therefore, the current review has been compiled with an aim to evaluate the genetic basis of stage IV breast cancer with a focus on the molecular mechanisms. In addition, the therapeutic strategies targeting these dysregulated genes involved in various signalling pathways have also been discussed. Genome editing technologies that can target specific genes in the affected areas by making knock-in and knock-out alternations and thereby bring significant treatment outcomes in breast cancer have also been summarized.
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4
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Vashi R, Patel BM, Goyal RK. Keeping abreast about ashwagandha in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113759. [PMID: 33359916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ashwagandha has been used as an ayurvedic medicine in the form of 'Rasayana' (as a tonic) even before 3000 BCE in India. As per Ayurveda, it has long been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammation, weakness, impotence, pulmonary tuberculosis. This plant is also beneficial in lumbago and leucorrhea in the female. In the recent past, Withania has shown its anti-cancerous activity in various experimental models. In addition, Withania also possesses many other properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-stress, adaptogenic, and regenerative which will eventually be beneficial and safe in treating cancer patients. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide experimental evidence along with a deeper insight into molecular mechanisms of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) through which it acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature searches with the help of electronic online databases (Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed) were carried out. The timeline for collection of data for the review article was from 2000 to 2019. The plant name was validated from The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on http://www.theplantlist.org/(accessed 21st March 2020). RESULTS Various forms of Withania somnifera were used and several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were reported by researchers. They found ashwagandha to exhibit anti-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-invasive and anti-inflammatory properties and gave the evidence that ashwagandha has a capability for averting and treating breast cancer. CONCLUSION Various in vitro and in vivo studies suggested Ashwagandha may possess a potential for treating breast cancer, especially ER/PR positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. A clinical trial has also been conducted in the past that suggested its potential in refining quality of life in breast cancer patients. Studies directed towards molecular pathways have helped in unravelling the key mechanisms of ashwagandha. Future research should be directed towards translational studies involving breast cancer patients. These will reinforce the ancient power of our Ayurvedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Vashi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India.
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, India.
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Li Q, Li S, He S, Chen W, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Miao Q, Pu K. An Activatable Polymeric Reporter for Near‐Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Invasive Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for NanomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
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Li Q, Li S, He S, Chen W, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Miao Q, Pu K. An Activatable Polymeric Reporter for Near‐Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Invasive Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7018-7023. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
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Regulatory mechanisms of miR-145 expression and the importance of its function in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:195-207. [PMID: 30396077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional mediators of gene expression and regulation, which play influential roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. The expression of tumor suppressor miR-145 is reduced in various cancer cell lines, containing both solid tumors and blood malignancies. However, the responsible mechanisms of its down-regulation are a complicated network. miR-145 is potentially able to inhbit tumor cell metastasis by targeting of multiple oncogenes, including MUC1, FSCN1, Vimentin, Cadherin, Fibronectin, Metadherin, GOLM1, ARF6, SMAD3, MMP11, Snail1, ZEB1/2, HIF-1α and Rock-1. This distinctive role of miR-145 in the regulation of metastasis-related gene expression may introduce miR-145 as an ideal candidate for controlling of cancer metastasis by miRNA replacement therapy. The present review aims to discuss the current understanding of the different aspects of molecular mechanisms of miR-145 regulation as well as its role in r metastasis regulation.
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8
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Cai XD, Che L, Lin JX, Huang S, Li J, Liu XY, Pan XF, Wang QQ, Chen L, Lin MJ, Huang ZH, Ma HM, Wu Y, Liu SM, Zhou YB. Krüppel-like factor 17 inhibits urokinase plasminogen activator gene expression to suppress cell invasion through the Src/p38/ MAPK signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcionma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38743-38754. [PMID: 28454121 PMCID: PMC5503568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 17 (KLF17) has been reported to be involved in invasion and metastasis suppression in lung cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-invasion and anti-metastasis roles of KLF17 in lung cancer are not fully illustrated. Here, we showed that KLF17 inhibited the invasion of A549 and H322 cells; the anti-invasion effect of KLF17 was associated with the suppression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA/PLAU) expression. KLF17 can bind with the promoter of uPA and inhibit its expression. Enforced expression of uPA abrogated the anti-invasion effect of KLF17 in A549 and H322 cells. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining showed that the protein expression of KLF17 was negatively correlated with that of uPA in archived samples from patients with lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (rho = −0.62, P = 0.01). The mutually exclusive expression of KLF17 with uPA could predict lymph node metastasis for lung adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.758, P = 0.005). Enforced expression of KLF17 inhibited the expression of phosphorylated Src and phosphorylated p38/MAPK in A549 and H322 cells. The invasiveness of the cells were suppressed by treating with sb203580 (p38/MAPK inhibitor) or HY-13805 (PP2, Src inhibitor). furthermore, p38/MAPK inhibition could block the KLF17-induced reduction of p-p38/MAPK and uPA, and Src inhibition enhanced the KLF17-induced suppression of p-Src and uPA in A549 and H322 cells. In conclusion, our study indicated that KLF17 suppressed the uPA-mediated invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. The Src and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were suggested as mediators of KLF17-induced uPA inhibition, thus providing evidence that KLF17 might be a potential anti-invasion candidate for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, The Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xing-Fei Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ming-Juan Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hong-Ming Ma
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Tanaka H, Phipps EA, Wei T, Wu X, Goswami C, Liu Y, Sledge GW, Mina L, Herbert BS. Altered expression of telomere-associated genes in leukocytes among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:567-575. [PMID: 29240257 PMCID: PMC5832588 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction resulting from telomere shortening and deregulation of shelterin components has been linked to the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, including cancer. Recent evidence suggests that BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) tumor suppressor gene products play an important role in telomere maintenance. Although telomere shortening has been reported in BRCA1/2 carriers, the direct effects of BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency on telomere maintenance and predisposition to cancer development are not completely understood. In this study, we assessed the telomere-associated and telomere-proximal gene expression profiles in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, compared to samples from sporadic and familial breast cancer individuals. We found that 25 genes, including TINF2 gene (a negative regulator of telomere length), were significantly differentially expressed in BRCA1 carriers. Leukocyte telomere length analysis revealed that BRCA1/2 carriers had relatively shorter telomeres than healthy controls. Further, affected BRCA1/2 carriers were well differentiated from unaffected BRCA1/2 carriers by the expression of telomere-proximal genes. Our results link BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency to changes in telomere length, telomere-associated as well as telomere-proximal gene expression. Thus, this work supports the effect of BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency in the biology underlying telomere dysfunction in cancer development. Future studies evaluating these findings will require a large study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tanaka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elizabeth A. Phipps
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chirayu Goswami
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Lida Mina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Viedma-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Hernández MG, Flores-López LA, Baiza-Gutman LA. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid prevents high glucose and insulin induced-invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, modulating the plasminogen activator system. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 437:65-80. [PMID: 28612231 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes mellitus have contributed to the increase of breast cancer incidence worldwide. High glucose concentration promotes the proliferation of metastatic cells, favoring the activation of the plasminogen/plasmin system, thus contributing to tumor progression. The efficient formation of plasmin is dependent on the binding of plasminogen to the cell surface. We studied the effect of ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), an inhibitor of the binding of plasminogen to cell surface, on proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and plasminogen activation system, in metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells grown in a high glucose microenvironment and treated with insulin. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with EACA 12.5 mmol/L under high glucose 30 mmol/L (HG) and high glucose and insulin 80 nmol/L (HG-I) conditions, evaluating: cell population growth, % of viability, migratory, and invasive abilities, as well as the expression of uPA, its receptor (uPAR), and its inhibitor (PAI-1), by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs were evaluated by RT-PCR. Markers of EMT were evaluated by Western blot. Additionally, the presence of active uPA was studied by gel zymography, using casein-plasminogen as substrates. EACA prevented the increase in cell population, migration and invasion induced by HG and insulin, which was associated with the inhibition of EMT and the attenuation of HG- and insulin-dependent expression of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, α-enolase (ENO A), and HCAM. The interaction of plasminogen to the cell surface and plasmin formation are mediators of the prometastasic action of hyperglycemia and insulin, potentially, EACA can be employed in the prevention and as adjuvant treatment of breast tumorigenesis promoted by hyperglycemia and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Hernández
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Flores-López
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Arturo Baiza-Gutman
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
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11
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Madunić J, Horvat L, Majstorović I, Jodłowska I, Antica M, Matulić M. Sodium Salicylate Inhibits Urokinase Activity in MDA MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:629-637. [PMID: 28456486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium salicylate (NaS) is a derivate of acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for centuries, for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was found to modulate different signaling pathways, in a cell-specific way. Here, we explore the effect of NaS on cell growth and urokinase activity in MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effect of NaS treatment on cell growth by flow cytometry and viability test. The transwell migration assay was used to study the migratory response of the cells. The gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR on RNA level and by Western blot analysis on protein level. Urokinase activity was assessed by caseinolysis. RESULTS Sublethal concentrations of NaS decreased cell growth and inhibited urokinase activity. The latter was a consequence of decrease in urokinase expression and increase in expression of its inhibitors. Analysis of signaling molecules revealed activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling, increase in master transcription factors for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and changes in integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS We propose that NaS causes partial cellular reprogramming through transforming growth factor-β signaling which, together with direct NaS influence, causes changes in expression in a set of genes involved in extracellular proteolysis. These data could be beneficial for the development of new therapeutic approaches in invasive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Madunić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Horvat
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Iga Jodłowska
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Matulić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Gkretsi V, Stylianou A, Stylianopoulos T. Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) depletion from breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells inhibits tumor spheroid invasion through downregulation of Migfilin, β-catenin and urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA). Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:281-292. [PMID: 28209486 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to invade surrounding tissues and form metastases. Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM)-adhesion proteins are crucial in metastasis, connecting tumor ECM with actin cytoskeleton thus enabling cells to respond to mechanical cues. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is an actin-polymerization regulator which interacts with cell-ECM adhesion protein Migfilin, and regulates cell migration. We compared VASP expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (BC) cells and found that more invasive MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress VASP. We then utilized a 3-dimensional (3D) approach to study metastasis in MDA-MB-231 cells using a system that considers mechanical forces exerted by the ECM. We prepared 3D collagen I gels of increasing concentration, imaged them by atomic force microscopy, and used them to either embed cells or tumor spheroids, in the presence or absence of VASP. We show, for the first time, that VASP silencing downregulated Migfilin, β-catenin and urokinase plasminogen activator both in 2D and 3D, suggesting a matrix-independent mechanism. Tumor spheroids lacking VASP demonstrated impaired invasion, indicating VASP's involvement in metastasis, which was corroborated by Kaplan-Meier plotter showing high VASP expression to be associated with poor remission-free survival in lymph node-positive BC patients. Hence, VASP may be a novel BC metastasis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.
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13
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Werden SJ, Sphyris N, Sarkar TR, Paranjape AN, LaBaff AM, Taube JH, Hollier BG, Ramirez-Peña EQ, Soundararajan R, den Hollander P, Powell E, Echeverria GV, Miura N, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H, Rosen JM, Mani SA. Phosphorylation of serine 367 of FOXC2 by p38 regulates ZEB1 and breast cancer metastasis, without impacting primary tumor growth. Oncogene 2016; 35:5977-5988. [PMID: 27292262 PMCID: PMC5114155 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic competence is contingent upon the aberrant activation of a latent embryonic program, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows stem cell properties as well as migratory and invasive capabilities upon differentiated tumor cells. We recently identified the transcription factor FOXC2 as a downstream effector of multiple EMT programs, independent of the EMT-inducing stimulus, and as a key player linking EMT, stem cell traits and metastatic competence in breast cancer. As such, FOXC2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate metastasis. However, as FOXC2 is a transcription factor, it is difficult to target by conventional means such as small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we identify the serine/threonine-specific kinase p38 as a druggable upstream regulator of FOXC2 stability and function that elicits phosphorylation of FOXC2 at serine 367 (S367). Using an orthotopic syngeneic mouse tumor model, we make the striking observation that inhibition of p38-FOXC2 signaling selectively attenuates metastasis without impacting primary tumor growth. In this model, circulating tumor cell numbers are significantly reduced in mice treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580, relative to vehicle-treated counterparts. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of p38 decreases FOXC2 protein levels, reverts the EMT phenotype and compromises stem cell attributes in vitro. We also identify the EMT-regulator ZEB1-known to directly repress E-cadherin/CDH1-as a downstream target of FOXC2, critically dependent on its activation by p38. Consistent with the notion that activation of the p38-FOXC2 signaling axis represents a critical juncture in the acquisition of metastatic competence, the phosphomimetic FOXC2(S367E) mutant is refractory to p38 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the non-phosphorylatable FOXC2(S367A) mutant fails to elicit EMT and upregulate ZEB1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FOXC2 regulates EMT, stem cell traits, ZEB1 expression and metastasis in a p38-dependent manner, and attest to the potential utility of p38 inhibitors as antimetastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T R Sarkar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A N Paranjape
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A M LaBaff
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H Taube
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B G Hollier
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Q Ramirez-Peña
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G V Echeverria
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Overexpression of MMP-3 and uPA with Diminished PAI-1 Related to Metastasis in Ductal Breast Cancer Patients Attending a Public Hospital in Mexico City. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8519648. [PMID: 27975070 PMCID: PMC5126427 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8519648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteases and the fibrinolytic system are important protease systems interacting with each other in charge of remodeling and recycling of tissues. Their role in tumor invasion and metastasis is often discussed. In this study several metalloproteases such as MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 together with molecules from the fibrinolytic system like uPA, its receptor uPAR, and its inhibitor, PAI-1, were studied by immune-histochemistry to establish a comparison with and without metastasis. From the (118) primary tumors of Mexican patients with ductal breast cancer studied, 56% were grade II and 69% were size T2; the group with metastatic ganglia included 64 samples (54.3%). In patients with metastasis the estimated expression of MMP-3 and uPA (resp., 28% and 45%) was higher than that from no metastatic tumors; it means there is higher expression of both markers in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). At the same time, metastatic tumors showed statistically significant lower signal of PAI-1 (24%) than tumors without metastasis (p < 0.05). We concluded that overexpression of MMP-3 and uPA, altogether with diminished expression of PAI-1 from metastatic tumors, might be a crucial step towards metastasis in ductal breast cancer. Nevertheless, additional studies in different populations are necessary to establish a pattern.
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Kim EY, Do SI, Hyun K, Park YL, Kim DH, Chae SW, Sohn JH, Park CH. High Expression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast. J Breast Cancer 2016; 19:156-62. [PMID: 27382391 PMCID: PMC4929256 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, we evaluated the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by performing immunohistochemical staining to determine whether they were reliable prognostic markers in patients with breast cancer. Methods Demographic and clinicopathological parameters of 214 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 80 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who were diagnosed and treated from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical staining was performed for each specimen. Results Univariate analyses showed that age at diagnosis, history of hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, skin and chest wall invasion, Paget disease, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor positivity, and triple-negative subtype were significantly associated with patient prognosis (p<0.005). Patients with DCIS showed higher PAI-1 expression than patients with IDC (82.5% and 36.2%, respectively; p=0.012). Lymph node metastasis was more frequent in patients with high uPA levels than in patients with low uPA levels (p=0.001). Conclusion Our results suggested that PAI-1 was involved in tumor progression in the early stages of breast cancer, such as DCIS. In addition, our results suggested that high uPA levels were associated with the lymph node metastasis of IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Im Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keehoon Hyun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Lai Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Wan Chae
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Heun Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Ding Y, Zhang H, Lu A, Zhou Z, Zhong M, Shen D, Wang X, Zhu Z. Effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4208-4216. [PMID: 27313768 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a primary cause of mortality in patients with gastric cancer. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor cell metastasis through the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the uPA system in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Expression of uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in four gastric cell lines (AGS, SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28) was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. uPA activity was detected using a uPA activity kit. Peritoneal implantation models of rats were established by injecting four gastric cancer cell lines for the selection of the cancer cells with a high planting potential. Biological behaviors, including adhesion, migration and invasion, were determined using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Expression of the uPA system was observed to be highest in the SGC7901 cells among the four gastric cell lines. uPA activity was observed to be highest in the MKN45 cells and lowest in the AGS cells. Furthermore, peritoneal implantation analysis demonstrated that no peritoneal tumors were identified in the AGS cells, whilst the tumor masses observed in the SGC7901 and MKN45 cells were of different sizes. The survival times of the rats injected with the MKN28 and SGC7901 cells were longer than those of the rats injected with the MKN45 cells. Antibodies for uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 in the uPA system had the ability to inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of peritoneal metastasis in the gastric cancer cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that the uPA system was positively associated with peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Mingan Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xujing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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17
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Hsieh MJ, Yeh CB, Chiou HL, Hsieh MC, Yang SF. Dioscorea nipponica Attenuates Migration and Invasion by Inhibition of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator through Involving PI3K/Akt and Transcriptional Inhibition of NF-κB and SP-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:177-95. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High mortality and morbidity rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Taiwan primarily result from uncontrolled tumor metastasis. In our previous studies, we have reported that Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract (DNE) has anti-metastasis effects on human oral cancer cells. However, the effect of DNE on hepatoma metastasis have not been thoroughly investigated and remains poorly understood. To determine the effects of DNE on the migration and invasion in HCC cells we used a wound healing model, Boyden chamber assays, gelatin/casein zymography and Western blotting. Transcriptional levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) were detected by real-time PCR and promoter assays. In this study, DNE treatment significantly inhibited the migration/invasion capacities of Huh7 cell lines. The results of gelatin/casein zymography and Western blotting revealed that the activities and protein levels of the MMP-9 and u-PA were inhibited by DNE. Tests of the mRNA levels, real-time PCR, and promoter assays evaluated the inhibitory effects of DNE on u-PA expression in human hepatoma cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed not only that DNE inhibits u-PA expression, but also the inhibitory effects were associated with the down-regulation of the transcription factors of NF-[Formula: see text]B and SP-1 signaling pathways. Western blot analysis also showed that DNE inhibits PI3K and phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, these results show that u-PA expression may be a potent therapeutic target in the DNE-mediated suppression of HCC invasion/migration. DNE may have potential use as a chemo-preventive agent against liver cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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18
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Sato M, Kawana K, Adachi K, Fujimoto A, Yoshida M, Nakamura H, Nishida H, Inoue T, Taguchi A, Takahashi J, Kojima S, Yamashita A, Tomio K, Nagamatsu T, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Decreased expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is involved in degradation of extracellular matrix surrounding cervical cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:829-35. [PMID: 26676222 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen activator (PA) system consists of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor (uPA and uPAR). PAI-1 inhibits the activation of uPA (which converts plasminogen to plasmin), and is involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) through regulating plasmin. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells within tumors, and are thought to be involved in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Considering these facts, we investigated the relationship between PAI-1 and cervical CSCs. We used ALDH1 as a marker of cervical CSCs. First, we demonstrated that culturing ALDH1-high cells and ALDH-low cells on collagen IV-coted plates increased their expression of active PAI-1 (ELISA), and these increases were suggested to be at mRNA expression levels (RT-qPCR). Secondly, we demonstrated PAI-1 was indeed involved in the ECM maintenance. With gelatin zymography assays, we found that ALDH1-high cells and ALDH-low cells expressed pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (pro-MMP-2) irrespective of their coatings. With gelatinase/collagenase assay kit, we confirmed that collagenase activity was increased when ALDH1-low cells were exposed to TM5275, a small molecule inhibitor of PAI-1. Putting the data together, we hypothesized that cancer cells adhered to basal membrane secrete abundant PAI-1, on the other hand, cancer cells (especially CSCs rather than non-CSCs) distant from basal membrane secrete less PAI-1, which makes the ECM surrounding CSCs more susceptible to degradation. Our study could be an explanation of conflicting reports, where some researchers found negative impacts of PAI-1 expression on clinical outcomes and others not, by considering the concept of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asaha Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Juri Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tomio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Fredolini C, Byström S, Pin E, Edfors F, Tamburro D, Iglesias MJ, Häggmark A, Hong MG, Uhlen M, Nilsson P, Schwenk JM. Immunocapture strategies in translational proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 13:83-98. [PMID: 26558424 PMCID: PMC4732419 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at clinical studies of human diseases, antibody-assisted assays have been applied to biomarker discovery and toward a streamlined translation from patient profiling to assays supporting personalized treatments. In recent years, integrated strategies to couple and combine antibodies with mass spectrometry-based proteomic efforts have emerged, allowing for novel possibilities in basic and clinical research. Described in this review are some of the field's current and emerging immunocapture approaches from an affinity proteomics perspective. Discussed are some of their advantages, pitfalls and opportunities for the next phase in clinical and translational proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fredolini
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sanna Byström
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elisa Pin
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Davide Tamburro
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Jesus Iglesias
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Häggmark
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
The progression of breast cancer from early-stage to metastatic disease results from a series of events during which malignant cells invade and travel within the bloodstream to distant sites, leading to a clonogenic accumulation of tumor cells in non-breast tissue. While mechanistically complex, an emerging literature supports hemostatic elements as an important patient factor that facilitates the metastatic potential of breast cancer. Hemostatic elements involved include platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Key steps in breast tumor progression, including cellular transformation, proliferation, tumor cell survival, and angiogenesis, can be mediated by components of the hemostatic system. Thus, the hemostatic system provides potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to breast cancer therapy with drugs in current use and in development. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence and mechanisms supporting the roles played by platelets, coagulation activation, and the fibrinolytic system in breast cancer progression.
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Alizadeh AM, Shiri S, Farsinejad S. Metastasis review: from bench to bedside. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8483-523. [PMID: 25104089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the final result of uninhibited cell growth that involves an enormous group of associated diseases. One major aspect of cancer is when cells attack adjacent components of the body and spread to other organs, named metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. In developing this process, metastatic cells must successfully negotiate a series of complex steps, including dissociation, invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and dormancy regulated by various signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies and collect a comprehensive encyclopedia in molecular basis of metastasis, and then we will discuss some new potential therapeutics which target the metastasis pathways. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell metastasis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients that would be valuable for researchers in both fields of molecular and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran,
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Yeh CB, Yu YL, Lin CW, Chiou HL, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Terminalia catappa attenuates urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression through Erk pathways in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:141. [PMID: 24886639 PMCID: PMC4012530 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The survival rate of malignant tumors, and especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has not improved primarily because of uncontrolled metastasis. In our previous studies, we have reported that Terminalia catappa leaf extract (TCE) exerts antimetastasis effects on HCC cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in HCC metastasis have not been thoroughly investigated, and remain poorly understood. Methods The activities and protein levels of u-PA were determined by casein zymography and western blotting. Transcriptional levels of u-PA were detected by real-time PCR and promoter assays. Results We found that treatment of Huh7 cells with TCE significantly reduced the activities, protein levels and mRNA levels of u-PA. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that TCE inhibited the transcription protein of nuclear factors SP-1 and NF-κB. TCE also did inhibit the effects of u-PA by reducing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusions These results show that u-PA expression may be a potent therapeutic target in the TCE-mediated suppression of HCC metastasis.
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Transforming growth factor-beta signaling leads to uPA/PAI-1 activation and metastasis: a study on human breast cancer tissues. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:727-32. [PMID: 24610082 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis represents a major problem in the treatment of patients with advanced primary breast cancer. Both Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) signaling and Plasminogen Activator (PA) components, urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) represent a complex network crucial for such enhanced invasiveness of tumors and imply high prognostic/predictive and promising therapeutic potential. Therefore, protein expression of specific effector molecules comprising the main parts of the TGF-β signaling pathway were determined in HOPE-fixed human tumor tissues through IHC (Scoring) using tissue microarray (TMA) technique and correlated with respective uPA and PAI-1 levels determined earlier in the same TMAs through optimized IHC and semi-quantitative image analysis. TGF-β signaling was active in vast majority (96 %) of the tumor samples and 88 % of all cases were significantly correlated with established metastasis markers uPA and PAI-1. In addition, TGF-β was also closely associated with tumor size, nodal status and two steroid hormone receptors. Consistent interrelationships between TGF-β, PA components and additional tumor characteristics underline the superiority of such more comprising data with regards to confirming TGF-β signaling as a promising target system to inhibit metastasis in advanced breast cancer.
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Mekkawy AH, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. Involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in cancer: an overview. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:918-56. [PMID: 24549574 DOI: 10.1002/med.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are several studies supporting the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system in cancer. The association of uPA to its receptor triggers the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin. This process is regulated by the uPA inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). Plasmin promotes degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as activation of ECM latent matrix metalloproteases. Degradation and remodeling of the surrounding tissues is crucial in the early steps of tumor progression by facilitating expansion of the tumor mass, release of tumor growth factors, activation of cytokines as well as induction of tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hence, many tumors showed a correlation between uPA system component levels and tumor aggressiveness and survival. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure of the uPA system, its contribution to cancer progression, and the clinical relevance of uPA family members in cancer diagnosis. In addition, the review evaluates the significance of uPA system in the development of cancer-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratories, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Fowler CB, Man YG, Mason JT. An ultra-sensitive immunoassay for quantifying biomarkers in breast tumor tissue. J Cancer 2014; 5:115-24. [PMID: 24494029 PMCID: PMC3909766 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) have been validated at the highest level of evidence as clinical biomarkers of prognosis in breast cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends using uPA and PAI-1 levels in breast tumors for deciding whether patients with newly diagnosed node-negative breast cancer can forgo adjuvant chemotherapy. The sole validated method for quantifying uPA and PAI-1 levels in breast tumor tissue is a colorimetric ELISA assay that takes 3 days to complete and requires 100-300 mg of fresh or frozen tissue. In this study we describe a new assay method for quantifying PAI-1 levels in human breast tumor tissue. This assay combines pressure-cycling technology to extract PAI-1 from breast tumor tissue with a highly sensitive liposome polymerase chain reaction immunoassay for quantification of PAI-1 in the tissue extract. The new PAI-1 assay method reduced the total assay time to one day and improved assay sensitivity and dynamic range by >100, compared to ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Fowler
- 1. Laboratory of Proteomics and Protein Science, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- 2. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Mason
- 1. Laboratory of Proteomics and Protein Science, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen L, Lu X, Zeng T, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wu W, Yan X, Cai H, Zhang Z, Shao Q, Qin W. Enhancement of DEN-induced liver tumourigenesis in hepatocyte-specific Lass2-knockout mice coincident with upregulation of the TGF-β1-Smad4-PAI-1 axis. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:885-93. [PMID: 24337404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (Lass2) gene is capable of suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of several types of tumours including liver cancer. In the present study, hepatocyte-specific Lass2-knockout (Lass2 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to the carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), to induced liver tumours. At week 23 following DEN injection, tumours were produced in 100% of the Lass2 KO mice and 21.4% of the WT mice. At week 40, 100% of the Lass2 KO mice and 78.6% of the WT mice developed tumours, with no distinct significant difference in tumour occurrences between the two genotypes; yet, tumours in the Lass2 KO mouse livers were more numerous and larger in size. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was confirmed by α-fetoprotein (AFP). PCNA and EdU assays indicated more active proliferation whereas TUNEL assay revealed decreased apoptosis in Lass2 KO livers, when compared with the WT control. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), a tumour-promoting gene, in the liver tissues of the 2 genotypes was detected using qPCR and western blotting, showing that PAI-1 levels were significantly elevated in Lass2 KO livers at week 40 following DEN introduction. Moreover, the expression of PAI-1-related TGF-β1, Smad-4 and -7 was detected, displaying an elevation in TGF-β1 and Smad-4 (not including Smad-7) in the Lass2 KO livers. Our data demonstrates that i) Lass2 is a protective gene against DEN-induced liver tumourigenesis; and ii) upregulation of the TGF-β1-Smad4-PAI-1 axis may contribute to the vulnerability of Lass2-knockout mice to DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zeng
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Weijiang Wu
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xun Yan
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Honghua Cai
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Ren F, Shi H, Zhang G, Zhang R. Expression of deleted in liver cancer 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 protein in ovarian carcinoma and their clinical significance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:60. [PMID: 23988121 PMCID: PMC3848092 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are known to be closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis in several kinds of human tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DLC1 and PAI-1 in ovarian carcinoma, and evaluate their relations with the prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to examine the expressions of DLC1 and PAI-1 protein in 25 specimens normal ovarian tissues, 52 specimens of serous cystadenocarcinoma tissues and 23 specimens of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma tissues. Chi-square test, Logistic regression and Partial Correlate analysis were performed to evaluate the association between DLC1 and PAI-1 with clinicopathological characteristics. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox analysis. The relationships between DLC1 and PAI-1 protein expression were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results The expression of DLC1 protein in ovarian carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian tissues, but it was converse for PAI-1. In ovarian carcinoma, the expression of DLC1 was significantly associated with advanced FIGO stage, ascites and positive lymph node metastasis, whereas PAI-1 protein was closely related with advanced FIGO stage, poor histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis. The expression of DLC1 was negatively correlated with PAI-1 in ovarian carcinoma. Ovarian cancer patients with negative expression of DLC1 and positive expression of PAI-1 had the worst overall survival time compared to other patients. Conclusions The expression of DLC1 and PAI-1 were closely related with the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma, only the combination of DLC1 and PAI-1 could serve as an independent prognostic factor of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO,1 Jian She Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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The urokinase plasminogen activator system in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2012. [PMID: 23201006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator system, which is a serine protease family include urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the uPA receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). uPA catalyzes the transformation of plasminogen to its active form plasmin, which is able to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes, directly or indirectly through activating pro-matrix metalloproteinases (pro-MMPs), promoting cancer cell metastasis and invasion. Both uPA and PAI-1 are poor prognosis markers in primary breast cancer. Evidence has been presented that the uPA system facilitates breast cancer metastasis by several different mechanisms, such as the Ras-ERK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway. This review focuses on uPA system, summarizes their biological effects, highlights the molecular mechanism and pathway, and discusses the role of uPA system in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancers.
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