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Keshavarz M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Sarshari B. Oncolytic virotherapy improves immunotherapies targeting cancer stemness in glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130662. [PMID: 38901497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most resistant and recurrent tumor in the central nervous system. GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly dynamic landscape consistent with alteration in tumor infiltration cells, playing a critical role in tumor progression and invasion. In addition, glioma stem cells (GSCs) with self-renewal capability promote tumor recurrence and induce therapy resistance, which all have complicated eradication of GBM with existing therapies. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising field of therapy that can kill tumor cells in a targeted manner. Manipulated oncolytic viruses (OVs) improve cancer immunotherapy by directly lysis tumor cells, infiltrating antitumor cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and sensitizing immune-resistant TME to an immune-responsive hot state. Importantly, OVs can target stemness-driven GBM progression. In this review, we will discuss how OVs as a therapeutic option target GBM, especially the GSC subpopulation, and induce immunogenicity to remodel the TME, which subsequently enhances immunotherapies' efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Medical Virology, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrang Sarshari
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Shayan S, Arashkia A, Bahramali G, Azadmanesh K. Investigating the Effects of HMGB1 Overexpression on Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration via Oncolytic Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 (oHSV-1). Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2024; 16:120-129. [PMID: 38618508 PMCID: PMC11007377 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v16i2.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge, and its progression, resistance to therapy, and metastasis are strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, including factors like hypoxia. This study explores the impact of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) overexpression on CRC cell migration, while identifying potential genes associated with this process. Methods To explore this, we developed oncolytic virotherapy, resulting in HSVHMGB1, an oncolytic Herpes simplex virus that expresses HMGB1. HMGB1 is known its role in cancer progression, particularly in the context of cancer cell migration. Results Contrary to expectations, our scratch assays indicated that HSV-HMGB1 did not significantly induce migration in CRC cells, suggesting that HMGB1 might not directly contribute to this process. Employing microarray analysis, we investigated gene expression changes linked to CRC cell migration, leading to construction of a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. This network revealed the presence of hub proteins, including as NDRG1, LGALS1, and ANGPTL4, which are recognized for their roles in cancer cell migration. The differential expression of these genes under hypoxic conditions was further validated using quantitative RT-PCR, aligning with the findings from our microarray data. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the complex regulation of CRC cell migration, and provides valuable insights into potential molecular mechanisms and pathways. These findings have implications for further research into cancer progression and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shayan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Sadri M, Najafi A, Rahimi A, Behranvand N, Hossein Kazemi M, Khorramdelazad H, Falak R. Hypoxia effects on oncolytic virotherapy in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110470. [PMID: 37433246 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have tried to find novel strategies for cancer treatment in the past decades. Among the utilized methods, administering oncolytic viruses (OVs) alone or combined with other anticancer therapeutic approaches has had promising outcomes, especially in solid tumors. Infecting the tumor cells by these viruses can lead to direct lysis or induction of immune responses. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered a significant challenge for oncolytic virotherapy in treating cancer. Based on OV type, hypoxic conditions in the TME can accelerate or repress virus replication. Therefore, genetic manipulation of OVs or other molecular modifications to reduce hypoxia can induce antitumor responses. Moreover, using OVs with tumor lysis capability in the hypoxic TME may be an attractive strategy to overcome the limitations of the therapy. This review summarizes the latest information available in the field of cancer virotherapy and discusses the dual effect of hypoxia on different types of OVs to optimize available related therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Behranvand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Sahu U, Mullarkey MP, Pei G, Zhao Z, Hong B, Kaur B. oHSV-P10 reduces glioma stem cell enrichment after oncolytic HSV therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:30-41. [PMID: 37114074 PMCID: PMC10126842 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longstanding evidence implicate glioma stem-like cells as the main drivers contributing toward glioblastoma (GBM) therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Although oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) viral therapy is a promising biological therapy recently approved for melanoma (in the United States and Europe) and GBM (in Japan); however, the impact of this therapy on GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) is understudied. Here we show that post-oHSV virotherapy activated AKT signaling results in an enrichment of GSC signatures in glioma, which mimics the enrichment in GSC observed after radiation treatment. We also uncovered that a second-generation oncolytic virus armed with PTEN-L (oHSV-P10) decreases this by moderating IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling. This ability was retained in the presence of radiation treatment and oHSV-P10-sensitized intracranial GBM to radiotherapy. Collectively, our findings uncover potential mechanisms to overcome GSC-mediated radiation resistance via oHSV-P10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew P. Mullarkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Kardani K, Sanchez Gil J, Rabkin SD. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for the treatment of glioma and targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1206111. [PMID: 37325516 PMCID: PMC10264819 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers, having a poor prognosis and a median survival of only about 15 months with standard treatment (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), which has not been significantly extended in decades. GBM demonstrates remarkable cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) at the apex. GSCs are a subpopulation of GBM cells that possess the ability to self-renew, differentiate, initiate tumor formation, and manipulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). GSCs are no longer considered a static population of cells with specific markers but are quite flexible phenotypically and in driving tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. In light of these features, they are a critical target for successful GBM therapy. Oncolytic viruses, in particular oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), have many attributes for therapy and are promising agents to target GSCs. oHSVs are genetically-engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, including GSCs, but not normal cells. Moreover, oHSV can induce anti-tumor immune responses and synergize with other therapies, such as chemotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, to potentiate treatment effects and reduce GSC populations that are partly responsible for chemo- and radio-resistance. Herein, we present an overview of GSCs, activity of different oHSVs, clinical trial results, and combination strategies to enhance efficacy, including therapeutic arming of oHSV. Throughout, the therapeutic focus will be on GSCs and studies specifically targeting these cells. Recent clinical trials and approval of oHSV G47Δ in Japan for patients with recurrent glioma demonstrate the efficacy and promise of oHSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Li X, Sun X, Wang B, Li Y, Tong J. Oncolytic virus-based hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: Current status, intravenous delivery strategies, and emerging combination therapeutic solutions. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100771. [PMID: 36896445 PMCID: PMC9989663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have limited success in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging life expectancy. The clinical need for more efficient and safe therapies has contributed to the exploration of emerging strategies. Recently, there has been increased interest in oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a therapeutic modality for HCC. OVs undergo selective replication in cancerous tissues and kill tumor cells. Strikingly, pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) was granted an orphan drug status in HCC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013. Meanwhile, dozens of OVs are being tested in HCC-directed clinical and preclinical trials. In this review, the pathogenesis and current therapies of HCC are outlined. Next, we summarize multiple OVs as single therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC, which have demonstrated certain efficacy and low toxicity. Emerging carrier cell-, bioengineered cell mimetic- or nonbiological vehicle-mediated OV intravenous delivery systems in HCC therapy are described. In addition, we highlight the combination treatments between oncolytic virotherapy and other modalities. Finally, the clinical challenges and prospects of OV-based biotherapy are discussed, with the aim of continuing to develop a fascinating approach in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Li
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiling Li
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jing Tong
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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7
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Shayan S, Arashkia A, Azadmanesh K. Modifying oncolytic virotherapy to overcome the barrier of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Where do we stand? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:370. [PMID: 36424577 PMCID: PMC9686061 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are completely dependent on host cell machinery for their reproduction. As a result, factors that influence the state of cells, such as signaling pathways and gene expression, could determine the outcome of viral pathogenicity. One of the important factors influencing cells or the outcome of viral infection is the level of oxygen. Recently, oncolytic virotherapy has attracted attention as a promising approach to improving cancer treatment. However, it was shown that tumor cells are mostly less oxygenated compared with their normal counterparts, which might affect the outcome of oncolytic virotherapy. Therefore, knowing how oncolytic viruses could cope with stressful environments, particularly hypoxic environments, might be essential for improving oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shayan
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Cho CF, Farquhar CE, Fadzen CM, Scott B, Zhuang P, von Spreckelsen N, Loas A, Hartrampf N, Pentelute BL, Lawler SE. A Tumor-Homing Peptide Platform Enhances Drug Solubility, Improves Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Targets Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092207. [PMID: 35565337 PMCID: PMC9103942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal and incurable brain cancer, and current treatment options have demonstrated limited success. Here, we describe the use of a dg-Bcan-Targeting-Peptide (BTP-7) that has BBB-penetrating properties and targets GBM. Conjugation of BTP-7 to an insoluble anti-cancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), improves drug solubility in aqueous solution, retains drug efficacy against patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSC), enhances BBB permeability, and enables therapeutic targeting to intracranial patient-derived GBM xenograft in mice, leading to higher toxicity in GBM cells compared to normal brain tissues and prolonged animal survival. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept for BTP-7 as a tumor-targeting peptide for therapeutic delivery to GBM. Abstract Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest malignant primary brain tumor, contributing significant morbidity and mortality among patients. As current standard-of-care demonstrates limited success, the development of new efficacious GBM therapeutics is urgently needed. Major challenges in advancing GBM chemotherapy include poor bioavailability, lack of tumor selectivity leading to undesired side effects, poor permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and extensive intratumoral heterogeneity. Methods: We have previously identified a small, soluble peptide (BTP-7) that is able to cross the BBB and target the human GBM extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we covalently attached BTP-7 to an insoluble anti-cancer drug, camptothecin (CPT). Results: We demonstrate that conjugation of BTP-7 to CPT improves drug solubility in aqueous solution, retains drug efficacy against patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSC), enhances BBB permeability, and enables therapeutic targeting to intracranial GBM, leading to higher toxicity in GBM cells compared to normal brain tissues, and ultimately prolongs survival in mice bearing intracranial patient-derived GBM xenograft. Conclusion: BTP-7 is a new modality that opens the door to possibilities for GBM-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choi-Fong Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.S.); (P.Z.); (N.v.S.); (S.E.L.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte E. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.M.F.); (A.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Colin M. Fadzen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.M.F.); (A.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Benjamin Scott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.S.); (P.Z.); (N.v.S.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Pei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.S.); (P.Z.); (N.v.S.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Niklas von Spreckelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.S.); (P.Z.); (N.v.S.); (S.E.L.)
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Centre of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.M.F.); (A.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.M.F.); (A.L.); (N.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.M.F.); (A.L.); (N.H.)
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.S.); (P.Z.); (N.v.S.); (S.E.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Shayan S, Arashkia A, Bahramali G, Abdoli A, Nosrati MSS, Azadmanesh K. Cell type-specific response of colon cancer tumor cell lines to oncolytic HSV-1 virotherapy in hypoxia. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:164. [PMID: 35477503 PMCID: PMC9044800 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel strategies are required since the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is one of the important impediments for conventional cancer therapy. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein can block aerobic respiration in cancer cells. We hypothesized that HMGB1could also kill the colorectal cancer cells during hypoxia. Methods In this study, we developed oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing HMGB1 protein (HSV-HMGB1) and investigated the cytotoxic effect of HSV-HMGB1 and its parental virus (HSV-ble) on three colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, SW480, and HT29) under normoxic (20% oxygen) and hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions. We further identified potential autophagy- related genes in HT29 cells by retrieving mRNA expression microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. These genes were then detected in HT29 cells infected with HSV-HMGB1 and HSV-ble during normoxia and hypoxia by Real-Time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The cytotoxic effect of HSV-HMGB1 was significantly higher than that of HSV-ble during normoxia; however, during hypoxia, HSV-HMGB1 enhanced the viability of HT29 cells at MOI 0.1. Analyzing the cell death pathway revealed that HSV-HMGB1 induced autophagy in HT29 cells under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that oncolytic virotherapy is cell context-dependent. Therefore, understanding the cancer cells’ characteristics, microenvironment, and cell signaling are essential to improve the therapeutic strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02564-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shayan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Han Y, Zou C, Zhu C, Liu T, Shen S, Cheng P, Cheng W, Wu A. The Systematic Landscape of Nectin Family and Nectin-Like Molecules: Functions and Prognostic Value in Low Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2021; 12:718717. [PMID: 34925438 PMCID: PMC8672115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.718717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nectin and nectin-like molecules (Necls) are molecules that are involved in cell–cell adhesion and other vital cellular processes. This study aimed to determine the expression and prognostic value of nectin and Necls in low grade glioma (LGG). Materials and Methods: Differentially expressed nectin and Necls in LGG samples and the relationship of nectin family and Necls expression with prognosis, clinicopathological parameters, and survival were explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) databases. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis models were performed to construct the prognosis-related gene signature. Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis, were utilized to evaluate the prognostic capacity of the four-gene signature. Gene ontology (GO)enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) were performed to further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to explore the relationship between the four-gene signature and tumor immune infiltration. Results: Several nectin and Necls were differentially expressed in LGG. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and Univariate Cox regression showed patients with high expression of NECTIN2 and PVR and low expression of CADM2 and NECTIN1 had worse prognosis among TCGA, CGGA, and REMBRANDT database. Then, a novel four-gene signature was built for LGG prognosis prediction. ROC curves, KM survival analyses, and multivariate COX regression indicated the new signature was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival. Finally, GSEA and GO enrichment analyses revealed that immune-related pathways participate in the molecular mechanisms. The risk score had a strong negative correlation with tumor purity and data of TIMER showed different immune cell proportions (macrophage and myeloid dendritic cell) between high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, signature scores were positively related to multiple immune-related biomarkers (IL 2, IL8 and IFNγ). Conclusion: Our results offer an extensive analysis of nectin and Necls levels and a four-gene model for prognostic prediction in LGG, providing insights for further investigation of CADM2, NECTIN1/2, and PVR as potential clinical and immune targets in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cunyi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Estevez-Ordonez D, Chagoya G, Salehani A, Atchley TJ, Laskay NMB, Parr MS, Elsayed GA, Mahavadi AK, Rahm SP, Friedman GK, Markert JM. Immunovirotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma and Other Malignant Gliomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2021; 32:265-281. [PMID: 33781507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most challenging malignancies due to many factors including invasiveness, heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Current treatment modalities have resulted in only modest effect on outcomes. The development of viral vectors for oncolytic immunovirotherapy and targeted drug delivery represents a promising therapeutic prospect for GBM and other brain tumors. A host of genetically engineered viruses, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, measles, and others, have been described and are at various stages of clinical development. Herein we provide a review of the advances and current state of oncolytic virotherapy for the targeted treatment of GBM and malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arsalaan Salehani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas M B Laskay
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew S Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Galal A Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Mahavadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sage P Rahm
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Manivanh R, Mehrbach J, Charron AJ, Grassetti A, Cerón S, Taylor SA, Cabrera JR, Gerber S, Leib DA. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP34.5 Alters Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. J Virol 2020; 94:e01784-19. [PMID: 32376626 PMCID: PMC7343198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01784-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of viral genes and activation of innate antiviral responses during infection result in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and toxic by-products of energy metabolism which can lead to cell death. The mitochondrion and its associated proteins are crucial regulators of these responses and related pathways such as autophagy and apoptosis. Through a mass spectrometry approach, we have shown that the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) neurovirulence- and autophagy-modulating protein ICP34.5 interacts with numerous mitochondrion-associated factors. Specifically, we showed that amino acids 68 to 87 of ICP34.5, the domain that binds beclin1 and controls neurovirulence, are necessary for interactions with PGAM5, KEAP1, and other regulators of the antioxidant response, mitochondrial trafficking, and programmed cell death. We further show that while this domain interacts with multiple cellular stress response factors, it does not alter apoptosis or antioxidant gene expression. That said, the attenuated replication of a recombinant virus lacking residues 68 to 87 (termed Δ68-87) in primary human fibroblasts was restored by addition of ferric nitrate. Furthermore, in primary mouse neurons, the perinuclear localization of mitochondria that follows infection with HSV-1 was notably absent following Δ68-87 infection. Through this 20-amino-acid domain, ICP34.5 significantly reduces mitochondrial motility in axons of neurons. We propose the hypothesis that ICP34.5 promotes perinuclear mitochondrial localization by modulating transport of mitochondria through interaction with PGAM5. These data expand upon previous observations of altered mitochondrial dynamics following alphaherpesvirus infections and identify a key determinant of this activity during HSV-1 infections.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus persists lifelong in neurons and can reactivate to cause recurrent lesions in mucosal tissues. A key determinant of virulence is the viral protein ICP34.5, of which residues 68 to 87 significantly contribute to neurovirulence through an unknown mechanism. Our report provides evidence that residues 68 to 87 of ICP34.5 are required for binding mitochondrion-associated factors. These interactions alter mitochondrial dynamics in neurons, thereby facilitating viral replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Manivanh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jesse Mehrbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Audra J Charron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrew Grassetti
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stacey Cerón
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sean A Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jorge Rubén Cabrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott Gerber
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - David A Leib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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13
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Rivadeneira DB, DePeaux K, Wang Y, Kulkarni A, Tabib T, Menk AV, Sampath P, Lafyatis R, Ferris RL, Sarkar SN, Thorne SH, Delgoffe GM. Oncolytic Viruses Engineered to Enforce Leptin Expression Reprogram Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Metabolism and Promote Tumor Clearance. Immunity 2019; 51:548-560.e4. [PMID: 31471106 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy can reinvigorate dormant responses to cancer, but response rates remain low. Oncolytic viruses, which replicate in cancer cells, induce tumor lysis and immune priming, but their immune consequences are unclear. We profiled the infiltrate of aggressive melanomas induced by oncolytic Vaccinia virus using RNA sequencing and found substantial remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, dominated by effector T cell influx. However, responses to oncolytic viruses were incomplete due to metabolic insufficiencies induced by the tumor microenvironment. We identified the adipokine leptin as a potent metabolic reprogramming agent that supported antitumor responses. Leptin metabolically reprogrammed T cells in vitro, and melanoma cells expressing leptin were immunologically controlled in mice. Engineering oncolytic viruses to express leptin in tumor cells induced complete responses in tumor-bearing mice and supported memory development in the tumor infiltrate. Thus, leptin can provide metabolic support to tumor immunity, and oncolytic viruses represent a platform to deliver metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana B Rivadeneira
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin DePeaux
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Head and Neck Cancer SPORE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Head and Neck Cancer SPORE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephen H Thorne
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Head and Neck Cancer SPORE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Totsch SK, Schlappi C, Kang KD, Ishizuka AS, Lynn GM, Fox B, Beierle EA, Whitley RJ, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Bernstock JD, Friedman GK. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus immunotherapy for brain tumors: current pitfalls and emerging strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance. Oncogene 2019; 38:6159-6171. [PMID: 31289361 PMCID: PMC6771414 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) continue to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both
children and adults. Traditional therapies for malignant brain tumors consist of surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation;
such approaches are often associated with extreme morbidity. Accordingly, novel, targeted therapeutics for neoplasms of the CNS,
such as immunotherapy with oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV) therapy, are urgently warranted. Herein, we discuss
treatment challenges related to HSV virotherapy delivery, entry, replication, and spread, and in so doing focus on host antiviral
immune responses and the immune microenvironment. Strategies to overcome such challenges including viral re-engineering,
modulation of the immunoregulatory microenvironment and combinatorial therapies with virotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors,
radiation, and vaccination are also examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles Schlappi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyung-Don Kang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Brandon Fox
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard J Whitley
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Avidea Technologies, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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16
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Ebrahimi S, Ghorbani E, Shafiee M, Ryzhikov M, Hassanian SM, Azadmanesh K. Therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy in breast cancer targeting, current status and perspective. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2801-2809. [PMID: 30260014 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women and presents a serious therapeutic challenge worldwide. Traditional treatments are less successful at targeting cancer tumors, leading to recurrent treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is a novel anticancer strategy with therapeutic implications at targeting cancer cells by using mechanisms that differ from conventional therapies. Administration of OVs either alone or in combination with standard therapies provide new insights regarding the effectiveness and improvement of treatment responses for breast cancer patients. This review summarizes cellular, animal and clinical studies investigating therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy in breast cancer treatment for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Seyed M Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Friedman GK, Bernstock JD, Chen D, Nan L, Moore BP, Kelly VM, Youngblood SL, Langford CP, Han X, Ring EK, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY, Markert JM. Enhanced Sensitivity of Patient-Derived Pediatric High-Grade Brain Tumor Xenografts to Oncolytic HSV-1 Virotherapy Correlates with Nectin-1 Expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13930. [PMID: 30224769 PMCID: PMC6141470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade brain tumors and adult glioblastoma are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) is a promising approach to target brain tumors; oHSV G207 and M032 (encodes human interleukin-12) are currently in phase I clinical trials in children with malignant supratentorial brain tumors and adults with glioblastoma, respectively. We sought to compare the sensitivity of patient-derived pediatric malignant brain tumor and adult glioblastoma xenografts to these clinically-relevant oHSV. In so doing we found that pediatric brain tumors were more sensitive to the viruses and expressed significantly more nectin-1 (CD111) than adult glioblastoma. Pediatric embryonal and glial tumors were 74-fold and 14-fold more sensitive to M002 and 16-fold and 6-fold more sensitive to G207 than adult glioblastoma, respectively. Of note, pediatric embryonal tumors were more sensitive than glial tumors. Differences in sensitivity may be due in part to nectin-1 expression, which predicted responses to the viruses. Treatment with oHSV resulted in prolonged survival in both pediatric and adult intracranial patient-dervied tumor xenograft models. Our results suggest that pediatric brain tumors are ideal targets for oHSV and that brain tumor expression of nectin-1 may be a useful biomarker to predict patient response to oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Virginia M Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Samantha L Youngblood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Catherine P Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Eric K Ring
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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18
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Peng G, Tian H, Pan D, Liu L, Yang X, Li C, Li W, Chen L, Ran P, Dai A. Two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca 2+ entry in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:28-35. [PMID: 29355755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca2+ entry on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) under hypoxia conditions. PASMCs were separated using the direct adherent culture method. The cultured cells were observed under optic microscope and the phenotypes of cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NAADP was examined by ELISA. CaN, TPC1, TPC2 and NFATc3 protein levels were examined using Western blotting. Real-time PCR was utilized to detect the level of TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA. Fluorescent probe technique was used to explore the [Ca2+]i in PASMCs. Proliferation and migration of PASMCs were examined by MTT assay and Transwell, respectively. The results showed that cells displayed a typical "peak-valley" growth pattern and positive for α-actin staining. Expression of NAADP, CaN, NFATc3, TPC1 and TPC2 under PASMCs exposed to hypoxia after 24 h and 48 h were higher than control, however, cells treated with Ned-19 were significantly decreased compared with control. Levels of CaN and NFATc3 protein collected from RPASMCs transfected with TPCs siRNA were observably decreased than scrambled siRNA. Under hypoxia condition for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA levels were higher in PASMCs compared as control. The [Ca2+]i evoked by hypoxia significantly increased than normoxia group. Nevertheless, the [Ca2+]i of the groups treated with Ned-19 and transfected with TPCs siRNA were markedly lower compared with control. In conclusion, the TPCs influence on function of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mediated Ca2+ Signals under hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Dan Pan
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Medical College, Changsha 410219, PR China.
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19
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Volatile Organic Compound Gamma-Butyrolactone Released upon Herpes Simplex Virus Type -1 Acute Infection Modulated Membrane Potential and Repressed Viral Infection in Human Neuron-Like Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161119. [PMID: 27537375 PMCID: PMC4990300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus Type -1 (HSV-1) infections can cause serious complications such as keratitis and encephalitis. The goal of this study was to identify any changes in the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells that could potentially be used as an indicator of a response to stress. An additional objective was to study if any VOCs released from acute epithelial infection may influence subsequent neuronal infection to facilitate latency. To investigate these hypotheses, Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 and the emission of VOCs was analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (2D GC/MS). It was observed that the concentrations of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in particular changed significantly after a 24-hour infection. Since HSV-1 may establish latency in neurons after the acute infection, GBL was tested to determine if it exerts neuronal regulation of infection. The results indicated that GBL altered the resting membrane potential of differentiated LNCaP cells and promoted a non-permissive state of HSV-1 infection by repressing viral replication. These observations may provide useful clues towards understanding the complex signaling pathways that occur during the HSV-1 primary infection and establishment of viral latency.
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20
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Friedman GK, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Waters AM, Chen CY, Denton NL, Haworth KB, Hutzen B, Leddon JL, Streby KA, Wang PY, Cripe TP. Pediatric cancer gone viral. Part II: potential clinical application of oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 in children. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30018-3. [PMID: 26436134 PMCID: PMC4589754 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic engineered herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) possess many biologic and functional attributes that support their use in clinical trials in children with solid tumors. Tumor cells, in an effort to escape regulatory mechanisms that would impair their growth and progression, have removed many mechanisms that would have protected them from virus infection and eventual virus-mediated destruction. Viruses engineered to exploit this weakness, like mutant HSV, can be safely employed as tumor cell killers, since normal cells retain these antiviral strategies. Many preclinical studies and early phase trials in adults demonstrated that oncolytic HSV can be safely used and are highly effective in killing tumor cells that comprise pediatric malignancies, without generating the toxic side effects of nondiscriminatory chemotherapy or radiation therapy. A variety of engineered viruses have been developed and tested in numerous preclinical models of pediatric cancers and initial trials in patients are underway. In Part II of this review series, we examine the preclinical evidence to support the further advancement of oncolytic HSV in the pediatric population. We discuss clinical advances made to date in this emerging era of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas L Denton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kellie B Haworth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Hutzen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer L Leddon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Keri A Streby
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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21
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Pediatric cancer gone viral. Part I: strategies for utilizing oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 in children. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30017-1. [PMID: 26436135 PMCID: PMC4589755 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progress for improving outcomes in pediatric patients with solid tumors remains slow. In addition, currently available therapies are fraught with numerous side effects, often causing significant life-long morbidity for long-term survivors. The use of viruses to kill tumor cells based on their increased vulnerability to infection is gaining traction, with several viruses moving through early and advanced phase clinical testing. The prospect of increased efficacy and decreased toxicity with these agents is thus attractive for pediatric cancer. In part I of this two-part review, we focus on strategies for utilizing oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV) to target pediatric malignancies. We discuss mechanisms of action, routes of delivery, and the role of preexisting immunity on antitumor efficacy. Challenges to maximizing oncolytic HSV in children are examined, and we highlight how these may be overcome through various arming strategies. We review the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating safety of a variety of oncolytic HSVs. In Part II, we focus on the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic HSV in pediatric tumor types, pediatric clinical advances made to date, and future prospects for utilizing HSV in pediatric patients with solid tumors.
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Friedman GK, Moore BP, Nan L, Kelly VM, Etminan T, Langford CP, Xu H, Han X, Markert JM, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY. Pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts including molecular subgroup 3 and CD133+ and CD15+ cells are sensitive to killing by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:227-35. [PMID: 26188016 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood medulloblastoma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies, including surgery, craniospinal radiation, and chemotherapy. Innate therapeutic resistance of some aggressive pediatric medulloblastoma has been attributed to a subpopulation of cells, termed cancer-initiating cells or cancer stemlike cells (CSCs), marked by the surface protein CD133 or CD15. Brain tumors characteristically contain areas of pathophysiologic hypoxia, which has been shown to drive the CSC phenotype leading to heightened invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Novel therapies that target medulloblastoma CSCs are needed to improve outcomes and decrease toxicity. We hypothesized that oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (oHSV) therapy could effectively infect and kill pediatric medulloblastoma cells, including CSCs marked by CD133 or CD15. METHODS Using 4 human pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts, including 3 molecular subgroup 3 tumors, which portend worse patient outcomes, we determined the expression of CD133, CD15, and the primary HSV-1 entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Infectability and cytotoxicity of clinically relevant oHSVs (G207 and M002) were determined in vitro and in vivo by FACS, immunofluorescent staining, cytotoxicity assays, and murine survival studies. RESULTS We demonstrate that hypoxia increased the CD133+ cell fraction, while having the opposite effect on CD15 expression. We established that all 4 xenografts, including the CSCs, expressed CD111 and were highly sensitive to killing by G207 or M002. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric medulloblastoma, including Group 3 tumors, may be an excellent target for oHSV virotherapy, and a clinical trial in medulloblastoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Virginia M Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Tina Etminan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Catherine P Langford
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - James M Markert
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
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Morinet F, Parent M, Bergeron C, Pillet S, Capron C. Oxygen and viruses: a breathing story. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1979-1982. [PMID: 25934794 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxygen on virus replication is complex, and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in the metabolism of virus-infected cells remains uncertain. Solid tumours are hypoxic, and some viruses use this low oxygen tension level to facilitate their replication in tumour cells, thereby causing cell lysis. In addition, the interactions between viruses and HIF-1α may stimulate a trained immunity. However, the evolutionary basis for the oxygen regulatory mechanism of virus replication is ill-defined and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Morinet
- Hôpital Saint Louis - Université Paris, Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Parent
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré-Université de Versailles, Saint Quentin en Yvelynes, Versailles, France
| | - Corinne Bergeron
- Laboratoire de Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, Les Ulis, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et Hygiène - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Claude Capron
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré-Université de Versailles, Saint Quentin en Yvelynes, Versailles, France
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Lister strain vaccinia virus with thymidine kinase gene deletion is a tractable platform for development of a new generation of oncolytic virus. Gene Ther 2015; 22:476-84. [PMID: 25876464 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) has many attractive characteristics as a potential cancer therapeutic. There are several strains of VV. The nonvaccine strain Western Reserve VV with deletion of both the thymidine kinase and the viral growth factor genes (known as WRDD) has been reported as the most potent tumor-targeted oncolytic VV. Other strains, such as the European vaccine Lister strain, are largely untested. This study evaluated the antitumor potency and biodistribution of different VV strains using in vitro and in vivo models of cancer. Lister strain virus with thymidine kinase gene deletion (VVΔTK) demonstrated superior antitumor potency and cancer-selective replication in vitro and in vivo, compared with WRDD, especially in human cancer cell lines and immune-competent hosts. Further investigation of functional mechanisms revealed that Lister VVΔTK presented favorable viral biodistribution within the tumors, with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with WRDD, suggesting that Lister strain may induce a diminished host inflammatory response. This study indicates that the Lister strain VVΔTK may be a particularly promising VV strain for the development of the next generation of tumor-targeted oncolytic therapeutics.
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Friedman GK, Nan L, Haas MC, Kelly VM, Moore BP, Langford CP, Xu H, Han X, Beierle EA, Markert JM, Cassady KA, Gillespie GY. γ₁34.5-deleted HSV-1-expressing human cytomegalovirus IRS1 gene kills human glioblastoma cells as efficiently as wild-type HSV-1 in normoxia or hypoxia. Gene Ther 2015; 22:348-55. [PMID: 25427614 PMCID: PMC4383690 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiological hypoxia, which fosters the glioma stem-like cell (GSC) phenotype, is present in high-grade gliomas and has been linked to tumor development, invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Oncolytic virotherapy with engineered herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a promising therapy for glioblastoma; however, the efficacy of γ(1)34.5-deleted HSVs, which have been used in clinical trials, was diminished in hypoxia. We investigated the ability of a chimeric human cytolomegalovirus (HCMV)/HSV-1 virus, which expresses the human CMV protein kinase R evasion gene IRS1 and is in preparation for clinical trials, to infect and kill adult and pediatric patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts in hypoxia and normoxia. Infectivity, cytotoxicity and viral recovery were significantly greater with the chimeric virus compared with the γ(1)34.5-deleted virus, regardless of oxygen tension. The chimeric virus infected and killed CD133+ GSCs similarly to wild-type HSV-1. Increased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and its substrate heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) was seen after viral infection in normoxia compared with hypoxia. Hsp27 knockdown or p38 inhibition reduced virus recovery, indicating that the p38 pathway has a role in the reduced efficacy of the γ(1)34.5-deleted virus in hypoxia. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that chimeric HCMV/HSV-1 efficiently targets both CD133+ GSCs and glioma cells in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Marilyn C. Haas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Virginia M. Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Blake P. Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Catherine P. Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Kevin A. Cassady
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
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26
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Gupta-Saraf P, Miller CL. HIF-1α downregulation and apoptosis in hypoxic prostate tumor cells infected with oncolytic mammalian orthoreovirus. Oncotarget 2015; 5:561-74. [PMID: 24504474 PMCID: PMC3964229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has emerged as one of the most important drivers of tumor aggression, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome in many cancers.In prostate cancer (PCa), hypoxia has been strongly correlated to biochemical failure and local recurrence. However, current PCa treatment options do not address hypoxic cells highlighting a critical gap in existing therapies and the need for development of therapies that target hypoxic prostate tumor cells. Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is an oncolytic virus that targets tumor cells over normal cells which has been shown to be safe and effective against many cancers in vitro, in animal models, and in human clinical trials. We found that MRVinfects and replicates in hypoxic prostate tumor cells to levels comparable to normoxic cells leading to apoptosis and cell death. In addition, the regulatory subunit (HIF-1α) of the master transcriptional regulator of hypoxia, HIF-1, was significantly downregulated in infected cells. HIF-1α downregulation was found to occur via ubiquitin-dependent proteasome-mediated degradation and translational inhibition. Virus-mediated HIF-1α degradation required the HIF-1α PAS domain and expression of the receptor for activated kinase C (RACK1) protein. These data provide evidence that MRV may be a viable therapeutic option for targeting hypoxic cells and HIF-1α in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gupta-Saraf
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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27
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Jackson JD, McMorris AM, Roth JC, Coleman JM, Whitley RJ, Gillespie GY, Carroll SL, Markert JM, Cassady KA. Assessment of oncolytic HSV efficacy following increased entry-receptor expression in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines. Gene Ther 2014; 21:984-90. [PMID: 25119379 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Limited expression and distribution of nectin-1, the major herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 entry-receptor, within tumors has been proposed as an impediment to oncolytic HSV (oHSV) therapy. To determine whether resistance to oHSVs in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) was explained by this hypothesis, nectin-1 expression and oHSV viral yields were assessed in a panel of MPNST cell lines using γ134.5-attenuated (Δγ134.5) oHSVs and a γ134.5 wild-type (wt) virus for comparison. Although there was a correlation between nectin-1 levels and viral yields with the wt virus (R=0.75, P =0.03), there was no correlation for Δγ134.5 viruses (G207, R7020 or C101) and a modest trend for the second-generation oHSV C134 (R=0.62, P=0.10). Nectin-1 overexpression in resistant MPNST cell lines did not improve Δγ134.5 oHSV output. While multistep replication assays showed that nectin-1 overexpression improved Δγ134.5 oHSV cell-to-cell spread, it did not confer a sensitive phenotype to resistant cells. Finally, oHSV yields were not improved with increased nectin-1 in vivo. We conclude that nectin-1 expression is not the primary obstacle of productive infection for Δγ134.5 oHSVs in MPNST cell lines. In contrast, viruses that are competent in their ability to counter the antiviral response may derive benefit with higher nectin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - A M McMorris
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - J C Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - J M Coleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - R J Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - G Y Gillespie
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - S L Carroll
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J M Markert
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA [3] Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - K A Cassady
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA [2] Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Ning J, Wakimoto H. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-based strategies: toward a breakthrough in glioblastoma therapy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:303. [PMID: 24999342 PMCID: PMC4064532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a class of antitumor agents that selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has been investigated in clinical trials for patients with the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma for more than a decade. These clinical studies have shown the safety of oHSV administration to the human brain, however, therapeutic efficacy of oHSV as a single treatment remains unsatisfactory. Factors that could hamper the anti-glioblastoma efficacy of oHSV include: attenuated potency of oHSV due to deletion or mutation of viral genes involved in virulence, restricting viral replication and spread within the tumor; suboptimal oHSV delivery associated with intratumoral injection; virus infection-induced inflammatory and cellular immune responses which could inhibit oHSV replication and promote its clearance; lack of effective incorporation of oHSV into standard-of-care, and poor knowledge about the ability of oHSV to target glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In an attempt to address these issues, recent research efforts have been directed at: (1) design of new engineered viruses to enhance potency, (2) better understanding of the role of the cellular immunity elicited by oHSV infection of tumors, (3) combinatorial strategies with different antitumor agents with a mechanistic rationale, (4) “armed” viruses expressing therapeutic transgenes, (5) use of GSC-derived models in oHSV evaluation, and (6) combinations of these. In this review, we will describe the current status of oHSV clinical trials for glioblastoma, and discuss recent research advances and future directions toward successful oHSV-based therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Smith TT, Roth JC, Friedman GK, Gillespie GY. Oncolytic viral therapy: targeting cancer stem cells. Oncolytic Virother 2014; 2014:21-33. [PMID: 24834430 PMCID: PMC4018757 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s52749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as rare populations of tumor-initiating cancer cells that are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation. Extensive research is currently underway to develop therapeutics that target CSCs for cancer therapy, due to their critical role in tumorigenesis, as well as their resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To this end, oncolytic viruses targeting unique CSC markers, signaling pathways, or the pro-tumor CSC niche offer promising potential as CSCs-destroying agents/therapeutics. We provide a summary of existing knowledge on the biology of CSCs, including their markers and their niche thought to comprise the tumor microenvironment, and then we provide a critical analysis of the potential for targeting CSCs with oncolytic viruses, including herpes simplex virus-1, adenovirus, measles virus, reovirus, and vaccinia virus. Specifically, we review current literature regarding first-generation oncolytic viruses with their innate ability to replicate in CSCs, as well as second-generation viruses engineered to enhance the oncolytic effect and CSC-targeting through transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrel T Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Justin C Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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30
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Braidwood L, Graham SV, Graham A, Conner J. Oncolytic herpes viruses, chemotherapeutics, and other cancer drugs. Oncolytic Virother 2013; 2:57-74. [PMID: 27512658 PMCID: PMC4918355 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s52601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are emerging as a potential new way of treating cancers. They are selectively replication-competent viruses that propagate only in actively dividing tumor cells but not in normal cells and, as a result, destroy the tumor cells by consequence of lytic infection. At least six different oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) have undergone clinical trials worldwide to date, and they have demonstrated an excellent safety profile and intimations of efficacy. The first pivotal Phase III trial with an oHSV, talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec [OncoVex(GM-CSF)]), is almost complete, with extremely positive early results reported. Intuitively, therapeutically beneficial interactions between oHSV and chemotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic drugs would be limited as the virus requires actively dividing cells for maximum replication efficiency and most anticancer agents are cytotoxic or cytostatic. However, combinations of such agents display a range of responses, with antagonistic, additive, or, perhaps most surprisingly, synergistic enhancement of antitumor activity. When synergistic interactions in cancer cell killing are observed, chemotherapy dose reductions that achieve the same overall efficacy may be possible, resulting in a valuable reduction of adverse side effects. Therefore, the combination of an oHSV with "standard-of-care" drugs makes a logical and reasonable approach to improved therapy, and the addition of a targeted oncolytic therapy with "standard-of-care" drugs merits further investigation, both preclinically and in the clinic. Numerous publications report such studies of oncolytic HSV in combination with other drugs, and we review their findings here. Viral interactions with cellular hosts are complex and frequently involve intracellular signaling networks, thus creating diverse opportunities for synergistic or additive combinations with many anticancer drugs. We discuss potential mechanisms that may lead to synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Braidwood
- Virttu Biologics Ltd, Department of Neurology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheila V Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Jarrett Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Graham
- Virttu Biologics Ltd, Department of Neurology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joe Conner
- Virttu Biologics Ltd, Department of Neurology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Friedman GK, Raborn J, Kelly VM, Cassady KA, Markert JM, Gillespie GY. Pediatric glioma stem cells: biologic strategies for oncolytic HSV virotherapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:28. [PMID: 23450706 PMCID: PMC3584319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult malignant brain tumor, GBMs in childhood represent less than 10% of pediatric malignant brain tumors and are phenotypically and molecularly distinct from adult GBMs. Similar to adult patients, outcomes for children with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain poor. Furthermore, the significant morbidity and mortality yielded by pediatric GBM is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies. Poor outcomes have been attributed to a subpopulation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistant cells, termed “glioma stem cells” (GSCs), “glioma progenitor cells,” or “glioma-initiating cells,” which have the ability to initiate and maintain the tumor and to repopulate the recurring tumor after conventional therapy. Future innovative therapies for pediatric HGG must be able to eradicate these therapy-resistant GSCs. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV), genetically engineered to be safe for normal cells and to express diverse foreign anti-tumor therapeutic genes, have been demonstrated in preclinical studies to infect and kill GSCs and tumor cells equally while sparing normal brain cells. In this review, we discuss the unique aspects of pediatric GSCs, including markers to identify them, the microenvironment they reside in, signaling pathways that regulate them, mechanisms of cellular resistance, and approaches to target GSCs, with a focus on the promising therapeutic, genetically engineered oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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