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Peixoto AP, Miranda F, de Oliveira Pinto R, Ribeiro TTDC, Lara FSS, Machado FMDC, Garib D. Maxillary arch dimensions in bilateral cleft lip and palate in the age 0-5 months. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39003677 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) divides the maxillary arch into three segments, separated from each other, resulting in abnormal growth of the alveolar arch. This study evaluated the maxillary arch dimensions in BCLP and compared them with neonates without craniofacial anomalies. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary cleft centre. Sixty-six neonates aged 0-5 months were divided into two groups: cleft group-children with BCLP (23 boys and 18 girls) and control group-children without craniofacial deformities (15 boys and 10 girls). The dental models were processed by a 3D scanner. Landmarks were marked to achieve inter-canine distance, inter-tuberosity distance and arch length measurements. t-Tests were used for intergroup comparisons (p < .05). RESULTS The maxillary cleft arch was demonstrated to be wider and longer in the posterior region compared to the control group. The inter-canine distance did not present differences between the cleft and controls. The inter-canine distance of the control group was the only measurement influenced by the variable sex. CONCLUSIONS The cleft significantly interfered with the arch posterior width and arch sagittal length, making them larger. There was no statistical difference in the measurements between sex in the cleft group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Porto Peixoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felicia Miranda
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Turri de Castro Ribeiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Garib
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Ocak I, Akarsu-Guven B, Karakaya J, Ozgur F, Aksu M. Effects of nasoalveolar molding on maxillary arch dimensions and malocclusion characteristics in primary dentition patients with cleft lip and palate. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:94-101. [PMID: 37351851 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a presurgical orthopedic technique used in the management of cleft lip and palate deformities. Despite the widespread use of NAM therapy, there is a need for further investigation to assess its specific effects on arch dimensions and malocclusion characteristics. AIM To evaluate the effects of NAM therapy on maxillary arch dimensions and malocclusion characteristics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). DESIGN Patients in primary dentition were referred to the Institutional Department of Orthodontics. The NAM group consisted of 21 patients with UCLP (mean age 4.7 ± 0.7 years) and 12 patients with BCLP (mean age 4.8 ± 0.7 years). Sixteen patients with UCLP (mean age 4.9 ± 0.9 years) and five patients with BCLP (mean age 5.4 ± 1.1 years) were included in the non-NAM group. The plaster models of all patients were digitized. Dental arch dimensions and malocclusion characteristics were analyzed via digital software. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Intercanine and intermolar widths showed statistically significant differences according to the cleft type (p < .01). There was no statistically significant effect of NAM therapy on maxillary arch parameters and malocclusion characteristics (p > .05). The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 12.1% in the NAM group and 23.8% in the non-NAM group. CONCLUSION NAM therapy did not affect the maxillary arch dimensions and malocclusion characteristics in patients with UCLP and BCLP. The cleft type was the main factor, leading to a significant difference in maxillary widths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ocak
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Akarsu-Guven
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Ozgur
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Research and Application Center for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Deformities, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Thawri SR, Paul P, Reche A, Rathi HP. 3D Technology Used for Precision in Orthodontics. Cureus 2023; 15:e47170. [PMID: 38022318 PMCID: PMC10652056 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most crucial technologies used by orthodontists to assess and document the dimensions of craniofacial features is imaging. Orthodontists frequently employ two-dimensional (2D) imaging methods, although 2D imaging cannot localize or determine the depth of structures. Early in the 1990s, three-dimensional (3D) imaging was invented, and it has since become a crucial part of dentistry, especially in orthodontics. One of the newest and most important breakthroughs in dentistry is 3D technology. Clinicians have been able to significantly improve patient care while also shortening the time spent on treatment planning due to these technologies, which include intra-oral scanning, 3D imaging, computed-axial tomography (CAT) scan, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D software. 3D models of maxillary and mandibular arches can take the place of conventional plaster casts and their limits for planning treatments, appliance production, and estimated treatment results as part of this continuous progress. Digital orthodontics procedures have become more popular in the recent past. The development of "personalized" orthodontic appliances makes use of technology. These technologies' overall improvement can increase clinicians' productivity and efficiency by simplifying traditional methods that are seen to be particularly laborious. The objectives of this review are to provide an overall description of the 3D technology nowadays and to assess its orthodontic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha R Thawri
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Harsha P Rathi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Huqh MZU, Abdullah JY, AL-Rawas M, Husein A, Ahmad WMAW, Jamayet NB, Genisa M, Yahya MRB. Development of Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction Model for Evaluation of Maxillary Arch Growth in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3025. [PMID: 37835768 PMCID: PMC10572375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common congenital craniofacial deformities that can cause a variety of dental abnormalities in children. The purpose of this study was to predict the maxillary arch growth and to develop a neural network logistic regression model for both UCLP and non-UCLP individuals. METHODS This study utilizes a novel method incorporating many approaches, such as the bootstrap method, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network, and ordinal logistic regression. A dataset was created based on the following factors: socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender, as well as cleft type and category of malocclusion associated with the cleft. Training data were used to create a model, whereas testing data were used to validate it. The study is separated into two phases: phase one involves the use of a multilayer neural network and phase two involves the use of an ordinal logistic regression model to analyze the underlying association between cleft and the factors chosen. RESULTS The findings of the hybrid technique using ordinal logistic regression are discussed, where category acts as both a dependent variable and as the study's output. The ordinal logistic regression was used to classify the dependent variables into three categories. The suggested technique performs exceptionally well, as evidenced by a Predicted Mean Square Error (PMSE) of 2.03%. CONCLUSION The outcome of the study suggests that there is a strong association between gender, age, and cleft. The difference in width and length of the maxillary arch in UCLP is mainly related to the severity of the cleft and facial growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zahoor Ul Huqh
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Johari Yap Abdullah
- Craniofacial Imaging Lab, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Matheel AL-Rawas
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Adam Husein
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Division of Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics), School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Maya Genisa
- Biomedical Programme, Faculty of Pascasarjana, YARSI University, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia;
| | - Mohd Rosli Bin Yahya
- Oral & Maxillofacial Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu 15586, Malaysia;
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A Comparison of Teeth Measurements on Plaster and Digital Models. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030943. [PMID: 36769591 PMCID: PMC9918167 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Modern imaging methods and constantly developing technologies extend the range of diagnostic tools in medicine and in orthodontics. Thanks to them, scientists and doctors can use devices designed to diagnose 3D structures of the human body. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of digital orthodontic models as a diagnostic tool in the work of an orthodontist through a comparative analysis of the value of orthodontic measurements made on traditional plaster models and virtual models. (2) Methods: A total of 80 sets of models were made, including 40 sets of plaster models and 40 sets of digital models. A total of 48 diagnostic parameters were developed. They concerned dental parameters. (3) Results: Comparative analysis of crown height values on plaster and digital models showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in 26 out of 48 dental parameters. (4) Conclusions: The differences between the measurements made with the software on the digital models and the measurements made with the traditional method of measurement using the digital caliper on the plaster models were small and clinically acceptable.
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A Narrative Review on Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools for the Analysis of Dental Arches in Orofacial Cleft Patients. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101533. [PMID: 36291469 PMCID: PMC9600360 DOI: 10.3390/children9101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to analyze and monitor the facial growth of orofacial cleft patients. The documentation should therefore begin before and after primary surgeries. Technological evolution has transformed plaster models into 3D images through scanners that allow rational storage, manipulation, and rotation without the possibility of breakage or damage. Based on this fact, this narrative review aims to provide a feature on the three-dimensional tools available for the assessment of dental arches in children with orofacial cleft and mixed dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three databases were chosen (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) and keywords were used to select papers. RESULTS During the database screening, 292 potentially relevant papers were found. After removing duplicates, titles, and abstracts, 32 papers presented qualifications for analysis. Through evaluating each document by reading it one by one, 24 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that digital tools-i.e., benchtop scanners which evaluate the dental arches of children with cleft lip, palate, and mixed dentition-are reproducible and reliable, without the use of ionizing radiation, allow storage, manipulation with sustainability, and help preserve the environment.
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Application of Three-Dimensional Digital Technology in Orthodontics: The State of the Art. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7010023. [PMID: 35225915 PMCID: PMC8883890 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional technologies are one of the most recent and relevant advancements in the field of Dentistry. These systems, including intraoral scans, 3D imaging exams (CAT scan, CBCT and MRI), CAD/CAM 3D printing devices and 3D computer software, have enabled clinicians to greatly improve patient care along with reducing treatment planning time. The present descriptive study aims to explore possible applications of 3D technologies during the diagnosis, treatment plan, case monitoring and result assessment in orthodontics. The overall upgrade provided by these technologies can improve the clinicians’ workflow and effectiveness by simplifying conventional techniques considered to be especially arduous.
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The powerful effects of social media platforms on orthodontic patient knowledge’s improving, attitude management and it is influence on financial income of the orthodontic clinic. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Verma S, Mehta F, Mishra S, Mohamed RN, Parekh HKA, Sokhi RK, Nagarajappa AK, Alam MK. Anthropometric and Physiologic Parameters in Cleft Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100893. [PMID: 34682158 PMCID: PMC8534988 DOI: 10.3390/children8100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oro-facial morphology is greatly affected in neonates with a cleft lip and palate. The initial evaluation of neonate's body and maxillary arch dimensions is important for treatment planning and predicting growth in cleft patients. The objective of this study was comparative evaluation of the anthropometric and physiologic parameters of cleft and non-cleft neonates in a hospital-based set up. This cross sectional study was conducted on 88 cleft and non-cleft neonates (n = 44 in each group) aged between 0 and 30 days after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and positive written informed consent from their parents. Neonates' body weight, body length, head length, head circumference, and maxillary arch dimensions were measured. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on dental casts with digital sliding calipers. Statistical analyses performed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were followed by Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparison. The results showed statistically significant differences in birth weight (p < 0.0001), head length (p < 0.01), head circumference (p < 0.007), and maxillary arch dimensions (p < 0.0001) between cleft and non-cleft neonates. These findings suggest that cleft neonates had significant anthropometric and physiologic variations than non-cleft neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
- Correspondence: (S.V.); or (M.K.A.)
| | - Falguni Mehta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat, India; (F.M.); (H.K.A.P.)
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- Department of Bio-Statistics & Data Management, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat, India;
| | - Roshan Noor Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Harshik Kumar A. Parekh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat, India; (F.M.); (H.K.A.P.)
| | - Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Anil Kumar Nagarajappa
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Division, Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.V.); or (M.K.A.)
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Three-dimensional imaging technique to compare digital impression CEREC Omnicam intraoral camera (CAD) and tri-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography, to measure maxillary casts: Unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate up to 6 months of age, applied in nanotechnology. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Accuracy of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Dental Digital Models Generated with Three Types of Resin Polymers by Extra-Oral Optical Scanning. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091908. [PMID: 33924968 PMCID: PMC8125395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital impression devices are used alternatively to conventional impression techniques and materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of extraoral digitalization of three types of photosensitive resin polymers used for 3D printing with the aid of a digital extraoral optical scanner. The alignment of the scans was performed by a standard best-fit alignment. Trueness and precision were used to evaluate the models. The trueness was evaluated by using bias as a measure and the standard deviation was used to evaluate the precision. After assessing the normality of the distributions, an independent Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the trueness and precision across the material groups. The Mann–Whitney test was used as a post-hoc test for significant differences. The result of the analysis showed significant differences (U = 66, z = −2.337, p = 0.019) in trueness of mesiodistal distances. Upon visual inspection of the models, defects were noticed on two out of nine of the models printed with a photosensitive polymer. The defects were presented as cavities caused by air bubbles and were also reflected in the scans. Mean precision did not vary too much between these three photosensitive polymer resins, therefore, the selection of 3D printing materials should be based on the trueness and the required precision of the clinical purpose of the model.
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Impellizzeri A, Horodynski M, De Stefano A, Palaia G, Polimeni A, Romeo U, Guercio-Monaco E, Galluccio G. CBCT and Intra-Oral Scanner: The Advantages of 3D Technologies in Orthodontic Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249428. [PMID: 33339197 PMCID: PMC7765620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to demonstrate the validity of the monitoring through intraoral scanner of the dental movements and the real impact, advantages, and convenience, in terms of treatment time and efficiency gain, to frequently monitor a patient with the scanner application. METHODS A movement control of palatally impacted canines was performed, surgically treated with laser opercolectomy. Three-dimensional models of the patient's dental arch were obtained with intraoral scanner during a monitoring time of 4 months. The STL (Standard Triangle Language) files were superimposed with the 3D models extrapolated from the pre-operative CT (Computerized Tomography). The measurements of eruption, exposed palatal and vestibular areas, and distances between the canines and the incisors were performed, using digital technologies and with a digital caliber. RESULTS Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data obtained from both conventional and digital monitoring has been realized and performing the T Student Test for paired data. CONCLUSION The advantages of digital monitoring are numerous, like the possibility to reduce the error of method caused by manual measurement on plaster casts and the possibility to compare the pattern and amount of eruption of the canine in the same patient overtime.
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Thierens LA, Lewyllie A, Temmerman L, De Roo NM, Verdonck A, Cadenas de Llano Perula M, Willems G, De Pauw GA. A retrospective intercenter comparison of two surgical protocols through the dental arch relationship of 5- to 6-year-old unilateral cleft patients. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1777-1784. [PMID: 30171346 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this retrospective equivalence trial were to assess the dental arch relationship of 5- to 6-year-old patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated in two specialized cleft centers with a different surgical protocol using the 5-Year-Olds' Index and the modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system, and to determine the correlation between these two scoring indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental arch relationship of seventy-three 5- to 6-year-old patients with complete UCLP was evaluated on plaster casts using the 5-Year-Olds' Index and the modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system. The sagittal occlusion, overbite, and overjet were also recorded. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement was determined using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS A good to very good inter- and intra-examiner agreement was found. No significant mean difference in outcome based on the 5-Year-Olds' Index, the modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system, overjet, or overbite was detected. For mean difference in sagittal occlusion, the hypothesis that both centers are clinically equivalent was confirmed. A strong negative correlation (rs = - 0.832) between the 5-Year-Olds' Index and the modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system was found. CONCLUSIONS The dental arch relationship of 5- to 6-year-old unilateral cleft patients treated in two Belgian cleft centers is clinically equivalent based on sagittal occlusion, despite substantial differences in their treatment protocol. Clinical equivalence for other parameters was not confirmed. There is a strong correlation between the 5-Year-Olds' Index and the modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A well-implemented treatment protocol for cleft patients is of the utmost importance, but case load and skill of the surgeon are also important factors for the quality of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Am Thierens
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Centre for Congenital Facial Anomalies, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Arianne Lewyllie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Temmerman
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noëmi Mc De Roo
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Verdonck
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cleft Lip and Palate Team, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cadenas de Llano Perula
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cleft Lip and Palate Team, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Willems
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Am De Pauw
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Congenital Facial Anomalies, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Fowler P, Bellardie H, Shaw B, Eyres P, Semb G, Thompson J. Reliability of a Categorical Scale (GOSLON) and a Continuous Scale (10-cm Visual Analog Scale) for Assessing Dental Arch Relationships Using Conventional Plaster and 3D Digital Orthodontic Study Models of Children With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 56:84-89. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665618770054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess reliability of scoring plaster models and their 3D digital copy of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) using a continuous scale (10-cm visual analog scale [VAS]) and a categorical scale (GOSLON Yardstick). Design: Reliability observational study involving 3 trained GOSLON Yardstick assessors blinded to the origin of the models. Patients: Models from 35 New Zealand (NZ) and 35 Oslo CUCLP patients were standardized and randomly ordered before rating. Outcome Measures: Assessments were undertaken using the GOSLON and the VAS for both model formats. Twenty percent of sample were randomly selected and rescored at the first assessment, and whole sample was rescored 1 week later. Weighted κ was used to assess GOSLON reliability, while correlation was used for the VAS. Results: The VAS and GOSLON intra- and inter-rater agreement was similar for both model formats. Repeat measurements on the day have similar intra-rater reliability as repeat measurements at least a week part. There was no significant difference between the 2 model formats, and both the GOSLON and VAS found the NZ models were significantly worse than Oslo. Conclusions: A 10-cm VAS is a reliable method to assess dental arch relationships and appears to have good face validity when compared to GOSLON. The VAS allows for statistically robust rankings of the dental arch relationships, although more studies will be required to enable the VAS scores to have greater clinical meaning. The 3D digital models can be used for GOSLON and VAS rankings with a high degree of reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fowler
- Hospital Dental Service, Hillmorton Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haydn Bellardie
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Shaw
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Eyres
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gunvor Semb
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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da Silva WS, de Almeida ALPF, Pucciarelli MGR, Neppelenbroek KH, da Silva de Menezes JD, Yaedú RYF, Oliveira TM, Cintra FMRN, Soares S. Relapse after Le Fort I surgery in oral cleft patients: a 2-year follow-up using digitized and 3D models. Odontology 2018; 106:445-453. [PMID: 29497867 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate and identify the relapse rate after orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement (Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy) in oral cleft patients through digitized cephalograms and 3D dental models, following 2 years. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 17 individuals, enrolled in Orthodontics Department in Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, were carried out. The digital cephalometric tracings were evaluated in: T1-before surgery, T2-immediate after surgery, T3-6-month to 1-year after surgery. The dental study casts were digitized and evaluated in: F1-before surgery; F2-3-month to 1-year after surgery; F3-1 to 2 years after surgery. The analyses of the dental arches were performed directly on the scanned images. A single examiner previously trained and calibrated performed all the assessments. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to study the variables and compare the periods, followed by Tukey test to evaluate the statistically significant differences, with level of significance of 5%. The digital cephalogram results showed that the vertical movement statistically differed from T2 to T3 (p = 0.002). The right and left premolar relationship in digitized models revealed that at F2 the individuals exhibited ¼ Class II and Class I, in 29.4 and 23.5% of the cases, respectively; and at F3, Class I, 58.8 and 70.6% of the cases, respectively. The cephalometry showed the relapse in the vertical movement after orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement, but no relapse in the other evaluated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Saranholi da Silva
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Giulia Rezende Pucciarelli
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dreyer da Silva de Menezes
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Renato Yassutaka Faria Yaedú
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Flavia M R N Cintra
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Simone Soares
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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Model Analysis of Digital Models in Moderate to Severe Crowding: In Vivo Validation and Clinical Application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8414605. [PMID: 29568766 PMCID: PMC5820589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8414605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the suitability of intraoral-scan models for measuring tooth dimensions and the amount of crowding in patients with severe tooth crowding. Materials and Methods Fifty-eight patients who had undergone intraoral scans for diagnosis were included. Cast models were divided into two groups depending on the amount of crowding, as determined by initial caliper-based measurements (mild crowding [MC] group: <3.0 mm; severe crowding [SC] group: >4.5 mm). Twenty maxillary models and 20 mandibular models were used in this study. For the three types of models (i.e., IS digital model, C cast model, and CS digital model), the reproducibility and the precision of linear measurements were evaluated. Results We found that linear measurements made using digital calipers on a plaster model and on the relevant software were reproducible. There was no significant difference in most linear measurements between digital models and the C model. There were differences in the amount of crowding (p < .05), although these were not clinically significant. There was no relationship between the precision of crowding in the three types of models and the severity of crowding. Conclusions Digital models can be used for measuring crowding in both mild and severe crowding cases. However, crowding measured by digital models tends to be lesser than that measured by cast models, and this should be considered during clinical application.
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Nawi N, Mohamed AM, Marizan Nor M, Ashar NA. Correlation and agreement of a digital and conventional method to measure arch parameters. J Orofac Orthop 2017; 79:19-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-017-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ma X, Martin C, McIntyre G, Lin P, Mossey P. Digital Three-Dimensional Automation of the Modified Huddart and Bodenham Scoring System for Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 54:481-486. [DOI: 10.1597/15-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring system assesses maxillary arch constriction and surgical outcomes in cleft lip and palate. This project automates modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring using three-dimensional digital models. Design Development of a novel software tool. Setting The design, construction, development, and testing of the system was carried out at Dundee Dental Hospital. Patients, Participants Subjects with cleft lip and palate. Interventions A plug-in has been developed using an open three-dimensional development platform: Rhinoceros, version 5 ( http://www.rhino3d.co.uk ). Users select cusps on mandibular and maxillary teeth on three-dimensional digital models. A three-dimensional cubic spline generates a mandibular curve, and a best-fit horizontal mandibular reference plane is produced using a least-squares method. Horizontal distances projected from the shortest three-dimensional distances were subsequently calculated between the maxillary cusps and the mandibular curve to calculate the modified Huddart and Bodenham score. Main Outcome Measures Automatic scoring of digital models using the modified Huddart and Bodenham system produces similar results to manual scoring. Results By standardizing outcome assessment in cleft care, multicenter comparisons for audit and research can be simplified, allowing centers throughout the world to upload three-dimensional digital models or intraoral scans of the dental arches for remote scoring. Thereafter, these data can feed back into the global database on orofacial clefting as part of the World Health Organization's international collaborative “Global Burden of Disease” research project for craniofacial anomalies. Conclusions The automated system facilitates quicker and more reliable outcome assessments by minimizing human errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Ma
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Martin
- Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Grant McIntyre
- Department of Orthodontics, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Lin
- University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mossey
- Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Kamimura E, Tanaka S, Takaba M, Tachi K, Baba K. In vivo evaluation of inter-operator reproducibility of digital dental and conventional impression techniques. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179188. [PMID: 28636642 PMCID: PMC5479543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the inter-operator reproducibility of three-dimensional (3D) images of teeth captured by a digital impression technique to a conventional impression technique in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve participants with complete natural dentition were included in this study. A digital impression of the mandibular molars of these participants was made by two operators with different levels of clinical experience, 3 or 16 years, using an intra-oral scanner (Lava COS, 3M ESPE). A silicone impression also was made by the same operators using the double mix impression technique (Imprint3, 3M ESPE). Stereolithography (STL) data were directly exported from the Lava COS system, while STL data of a plaster model made from silicone impression were captured by a three-dimensional (3D) laboratory scanner (D810, 3shape). The STL datasets recorded by two different operators were compared using 3D evaluation software and superimposed using the best-fit-algorithm method (least-squares method, PolyWorks, InnovMetric Software) for each impression technique. Inter-operator reproducibility as evaluated by average discrepancies of corresponding 3D data was compared between the two techniques (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). RESULTS The visual inspection of superimposed datasets revealed that discrepancies between repeated digital impression were smaller than observed with silicone impression. Confirmation was forthcoming from statistical analysis revealing significantly smaller average inter-operator reproducibility using a digital impression technique (0.014± 0.02 mm) than when using a conventional impression technique (0.023 ± 0.01 mm). CONCLUSION The results of this in vivo study suggest that inter-operator reproducibility with a digital impression technique may be better than that of a conventional impression technique and is independent of the clinical experience of the operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kamimura
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Tanaka
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takaba
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tachi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Martin CB, Ma X, McIntyre GT, Wang W, Lin P, Chalmers EV, Mossey PA. The validity and reliability of an automated method of scoring dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate using the modified Huddart–Bodenham scoring system. Eur J Orthod 2016; 38:353-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wriedt S, Foersch M, Muhle JD, Schmidtmann I, Wehrbein H. Multibracket appliance: impression defaults and their reduction by blocking-out - a three-dimensional study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:365-72. [PMID: 26100820 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines accuracy of dental impressions and following plaster models taken during treatment with fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A maxillary typodont was provided with brackets. Three examiners took impressions three times each of the variants: brackets only, archwire fixed by alastics, ligatures or Kobayashi-hooks, and brackets and archwire covered completely or just on the gingival side by protection or impression wax. Casts were scanned using Activity102(®). Virtual models were compared to the scan of the typodont using Comparison(®). Differences were measured and descriptively analyzed. Estimated means with 95% confidence intervals were computed. Significance was assessed using linear mixed models. RESULTS While pyramidal reference blocks had a mean difference of 0.019 mm (95% CI = 0.017-0.021 mm) to the master model, teeth without attachments showed 0.097 mm (95% CI = 0.082-0.111 mm), and teeth with brackets 0.169 mm (95% CI = 0.156-0.182 mm) (p < 0.001). Smallest mean was found when using protection wax only on the gingival bracket side (0.152 mm (95% CI = 0.113-0.192 mm)). Incisors deviated most (0.258 mm (95 % CI = 0.239-0.277 mm)). CONCLUSIONS Teeth with brackets make impressions more inaccurate because of undercuts. Removing the archwire before taking the impression or covering the brackets on the gingival side shows tendencies toward better precision. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taking impressions during treatment with fixed appliances, some inaccuracy has to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wriedt
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Moritz Foersch
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jan Daniel Muhle
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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Chalmers EV, McIntyre GT, Wang W, Gillgrass T, Martin CB, Mossey PA. Intraoral 3D Scanning or Dental Impressions for the Assessment of Dental Arch Relationships in Cleft Care: Which is Superior? Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2015; 53:568-77. [PMID: 26623548 DOI: 10.1597/15-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate intraoral 3D scans for assessing dental arch relationships and obtain patient/parent perceptions of impressions and intraoral 3D scanning. MATERIALS & METHODS Forty-three subjects with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) had impressions taken for plaster models. These and the teeth were scanned using the R700 Orthodontic Study Model Scanner and Trios® Digital Impressions Scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) to create indirect and direct digital models. All model formats were scored by three observers on two occasions using the GOSLON and modified Huddart Bodenham (MHB) indices. Participants and parents scored their perceptions of impressions and scanning from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). Intra- and interexaminer reliability were tested using GOSLON and MHB data (Cronbach's Alpha >0.9). Bland and Altman plots were created for MHB data, with each model medium (one-sample t tests, P < .05) and questionnaire data (Wilcoxon signed ranks P < .05) tested. RESULTS Intra- and interexaminer reliability (>0.9) were good for all formats with the direct digital models having the lowest interexaminer differences. Participants had higher ratings for scanning comfort (84.8%) than impressions (44.2%) (P < .05) and for scanning time (56.6%) than impressions (51.2%) (P > .05). None disliked scanning, but 16.3% disliked impressions. Data for parents and children positively correlated (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Reliability of scoring dental arch relationships using intraoral 3D scans was superior to indirect digital and to plaster models; Subjects with UCLP preferred intra-oral 3D scanning to dental impressions, mirrored by parents/carers; This study supports the replacement of conventional impressions with intra-oral 3D scans in longitudinal evaluations of the outcomes of cleft care.
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Rating dental arch relationships and palatal morphology with the EUROCRAN index on three different formats of dental casts in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:943-50. [PMID: 26462656 PMCID: PMC4873539 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The EUROCRAN index has been used in inter-center studies to assess dental arch relationship (DAR) and palatal morphology (PM) in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). For this type of inter-center research, a scoring method that could be performed over the internet would be the most effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of application of the EUROCRAN index on 3D digital models or photographs of plaster models instead of using plaster models. Methods The EUROCRAN reference models were presented in three formats: plaster models, 2D photographs of plaster models, and 3D digital models. Plaster models of children with UCLP (n = 45) were rated. Of each case, all three formats were rated by six calibrated observers in random order. The strength of agreement of the ratings was assessed with kappa statistics. Concordance among observers was evaluated with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The ICC showed a good inter-observer agreement for the DAR and poor inter-observer agreement for the PM. Intra-observer agreement for the DAR was moderate to very good, yet for the PM poor to moderate. Comparison between the three formats per observer for the DAR was good or very good and for the PM moderate to poor. Conclusions The overall results show that the EUROCRAN index is an acceptable and reliable scoring method for the DAR on plaster models, 2D photographs of plaster models, and 3D digital models. However, due to the small range of deviations in palatal morphology between the cases in our study, the PM component of the index was difficult to assess. Clinical relevance In clinical audits and inter-center studies, plaster models can be substituted by 2D photographs of plaster casts or 3D digital models when grading treatment outcome with the EUROCRAN index.
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Martin CB, Chalmers EV, McIntyre GT, Cochrane H, Mossey PA. Orthodontic scanners: what’s available? J Orthod 2015; 42:136-43. [DOI: 10.1179/1465313315y.0000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Reuschl RP, Heuer W, Stiesch M, Wenzel D, Dittmer MP. Reliability and validity of measurements on digital study models and plaster models. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:22-26. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kuijpers MAR, Chiu YT, Nada RM, Carels CEL, Fudalej PS. Three-dimensional imaging methods for quantitative analysis of facial soft tissues and skeletal morphology in patients with orofacial clefts: a systematic review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93442. [PMID: 24710215 PMCID: PMC3977868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines for evaluating cleft palate treatments are mostly based on two-dimensional (2D) evaluation, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods to assess treatment outcome are steadily rising. Objective To identify 3D imaging methods for quantitative assessment of soft tissue and skeletal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate. Data sources Literature was searched using PubMed (1948–2012), EMBASE (1980–2012), Scopus (2004–2012), Web of Science (1945–2012), and the Cochrane Library. The last search was performed September 30, 2012. Reference lists were hand searched for potentially eligible studies. There was no language restriction. Study selection We included publications using 3D imaging techniques to assess facial soft tissue or skeletal morphology in patients older than 5 years with a cleft lip with/or without cleft palate. We reviewed studies involving the facial region when at least 10 subjects in the sample size had at least one cleft type. Only primary publications were included. Data extraction Independent extraction of data and quality assessments were performed by two observers. Results Five hundred full text publications were retrieved, 144 met the inclusion criteria, with 63 high quality studies. There were differences in study designs, topics studied, patient characteristics, and success measurements; therefore, only a systematic review could be conducted. Main 3D-techniques that are used in cleft lip and palate patients are CT, CBCT, MRI, stereophotogrammetry, and laser surface scanning. These techniques are mainly used for soft tissue analysis, evaluation of bone grafting, and changes in the craniofacial skeleton. Digital dental casts are used to evaluate treatment and changes over time. Conclusion Available evidence implies that 3D imaging methods can be used for documentation of CLP patients. No data are available yet showing that 3D methods are more informative than conventional 2D methods. Further research is warranted to elucidate it. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO CRD42012002041
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette A. R. Kuijpers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu-Ting Chiu
- Department of Dentistry and Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rania M. Nada
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carine E. L. Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr S. Fudalej
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Precision of intraoral digital dental impressions with iTero and extraoral digitization with the iTero and a model scanner. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:471-8. [PMID: 23992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital impression devices are used alternatively to conventional impression techniques and materials. The aims of this study were to evaluate the precision of digital intraoral scanning under clinical conditions (iTero; Align Technologies, San Jose, Calif) and to compare it with the precision of extraoral digitization. METHODS One patient received 10 full-arch intraoral scans with the iTero and conventional impressions with a polyether impression material (Impregum Penta; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Stone cast models manufactured from the impressions were digitized 10 times with an extraoral scanner (D250; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and 10 times with the iTero. Virtual models provided by each method were roughly aligned, and the model edges were trimmed with cutting planes to create common borders (Rapidform XOR; Inus Technologies, Seoul, Korea). A second model alignment was then performed along the closest distances of the surfaces (Artec Studio software; Artec Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg). To assess precision, deviations between corresponding models were compared. Repeated intraoral scanning was evaluated in group 1, repeated extraoral model scanning with the iTero was assessed in group 2, and repeated model scanning with the D250 was assessed in group 3. Deviations between models were measured and expressed as maximums, means, medians, and root mean square errors for quantitative analysis. Color-coded displays of the deviations allowed qualitative visualization of the deviations. RESULTS The greatest deviations and therefore the lowest precision were in group 1, with mean deviations of 50 μm, median deviations of 37 μm, and root mean square errors of 73 μm. Group 2 showed a higher precision, with mean deviations of 25 μm, median deviations of 18 μm, and root mean square errors of 51 μm. Scanning with the D250 had the highest precision, with mean deviations of 10 μm, median deviations of 5 μm, and root mean square errors of 20 μm. Intraoral and extraoral scanning with the iTero resulted in deviations at the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth and the buccal molar surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Scanning with the iTero is less accurate than scanning with the D250. Intraoral scanning with the iTero is less accurate than model scanning with the iTero, suggesting that the intraoral conditions (saliva, limited spacing) contribute to the inaccuracy of a scan. For treatment planning and manufacturing of tooth-supported appliances, virtual models created with the iTero can be used. An extended scanning protocol could improve the scanning results in some regions.
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MELLO BZF, FERNANDES VM, CARRARA CFC, MACHADO MAAM, GARIB DG, OLIVEIRA TM. Evaluation of the intercanine distance in newborns with cleft lip and palate using 3D digital casts. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:437-42. [PMID: 24212990 PMCID: PMC3881848 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this present study was to compare, by means of 3D digital casts, the anterior transverse dimension of the dental arch of newborns with and without cleft lip and palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample was composed of ninety-four children aged from 3 to 9 months divided into three study groups: Group I - children without craniofacial deformities (control group); Group II - children with unilateral cleft lip and palate; Group III - children with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Impressions were executed before lip and palate repair in patients with clefts. Dental casts were digitized using a 3D scanner linked to a computer. Measurements of the intercanine distance were measured on the digital casts. Intergroup comparisons were performed using ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS The results showed a mean of 36.5 mm for unilateral cleft lip and palate group, 34.8 mm for bilateral cleft lip and palate group and 27.52 mm for the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and both groups of patients with cleft lip and palate. There was no statistically significant difference between complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with complete cleft lip and palate were born with an increased anterior dimension of the maxillary dental arch compared to non cleft patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Mendes FERNANDES
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São
Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Gamba GARIB
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health,
Bauru School of Dentistry and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies,
University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini OLIVEIRA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health,
Bauru School of Dentistry and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies,
University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Digital 3D image of bimaxillary casts connected by a vestibular scan. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:309-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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