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Motoki MT, Linton YM, Conn JE, Ruiz-Lopez F, Wilkerson RC. Phylogenetic Network of Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences Distinguishes 10 Taxa Within the Neotropical Albitarsis Group (Diptera: Culicidae), Confirming the Separate Species Status of Anopheles albitarsis H (Diptera: Culicidae) and Revealing a Novel Lineage, Anopheles albitarsis J. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:599-607. [PMID: 33033825 PMCID: PMC7954104 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Neotropical Albitarsis Group is a complex assemblage of essentially isomorphic species which currently comprises eight recognized species-five formally described (Anopheles albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga, An. deaneorum Rosa-Freitas, An. janconnae Wilkerson and Sallum, An. marajoara Galvao and Damasceno, An. oryzalimnetes Wilkerson and Motoki) and three molecularly assigned (An. albitarsis F, G & I)-and one mitochondrial lineage (An. albitarsis H). To further explore species recognition within this important group, 658 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were analyzed from 988 specimens from South America. We conducted statistical parsimony network analysis, generated estimates of haplotype, nucleotide, genetic differentiation, divergence time, and tested the effect of isolation by distance (IBD). Ten clusters were identified, which confirmed the validity of the eight previously determined species, and confirmed the specific status of the previous mitochondrial lineage An. albitarsis H. High levels of diversity were highlighted in two samples from Pará (= An. albitarsis J), which needs further exploration through additional sampling, but which may indicate another cryptic species. The highest intra-specific nucleotide diversity was observed in An. deaneorum, and the lowest in An. marajoara. Significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance was observed only in An. oryzalimnetes and An. albitarsis F. Divergence time within the Albitarsis Group was estimated at 0.58-2.25 Mya, during the Pleistocene. The COI barcode region was considered an effective marker for species recognition within the Albitarsis Group and a network approach was an analytical method to discriminate among species of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa T Motoki
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD
- Global Health Research, Vysnova Partners Inc., Landover, MD
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—Natural Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Jan E Conn
- Griffin Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
- School of Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - Fredy Ruiz-Lopez
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Richard C Wilkerson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—Natural Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
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Giglio NF, Sousa-Lima AS, Gallardo AKR, Lima JBP. Laboratory Colonization of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) by Induced Copulation. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:3-8. [PMID: 26336274 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem, the control of which involves actions directed against its vector, mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles Meigan, 1818. The study of insect biology, ecology, and behavior is simplified when these insects are maintained at the laboratory. However, many of the species are eurygamic and require induced mating. Females of Anopheles marajoara Galvão e Damasceno, 1942 were collected at Mazagão county, State of Amapá, Brazil. F1 eggs were obtained through forced oviposition and raised until mosquito emergence. Around 300 mosquitoes were maintained in each cage and were fed with a 10% sugar solution. Induced mating was made to obtain the other generations. Females had their spermathecae examined for the presence of sperm. The efficacy of coupling in each generation was evaluated. The viability of a sample of generations F5, F9, F12, and F14 was followed from larvae to adult. Two free mating attempts were done. The results demonstrate adaptation of An. marajoara to laboratory conditions over 21 generations, with viability rates temporally increasing. There was no evidence of adaptation to free mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Giglio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A S Sousa-Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A K R Gallardo
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá, Zoology Division, Medical Entomology Section, Rodovia JK, km 10, Campus da Fazendinha, CEP: 68912-250, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - J B P Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Fontoura NG, Araki AS, Van Der Maas Azevedo R, Galardo AKR, Peixoto AA, Lima JBP. Hybrid sterility in crosses between two Brazilian sibling species of the Anopheles albitarsis complex. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:559. [PMID: 25471342 PMCID: PMC4264609 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complexes of cryptic species are common in several taxa and this is
also the case in the Anopheles genus, a group
including all known human malaria vectors. The Anopheles
albitarsis complex comprises at least nine cryptic species, some of
which are implicated as vectors of human malaria. Several different types of data
have been generated for this species complex such as cytogenetics, alloenzymes,
morphological and feeding behavioral, hybridization experiments, RAPD-PCR and RFLP
and mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Studies focused on its postzygotic
isolation are still somewhat rare in the literature despite their importance to
understand the speciation process and the level of gene flow potentially occurring
among the different sibling species. Methods Hybridization experiments between Anopheles
albitarsis s.s. and Anopheles
marajoara, as well as backcrosses between hybrids and Anopheles albitarsis s.s., were performed using the
induced mating technique. Results were compared to intraspecific crosses.
Larva-to-adult viability and sex ratio were also assessed. Results Male hybrids show very low insemination rates and nearly complete
sterility, apparently due to abnormalities in their reproductive organs. Evidence
of partial sterility among the hybrid females was also observed. Conclusions Our data indicated that Anopheles albitarsis
s.s. and Anopheles marajoara show
a high level of postzygotic isolation with a strong hybrid male sterility. This
result is consistent with the Haldane’s rule which states that in interspecific
crosses the heterogametic sex is the first to be affected. However, the fact that
the females are not completely sterile raises the possibility of introgression
between these two siblings species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Giglio Fontoura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Alejandra Saori Araki
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | | | | | - Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. .,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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Kyriacou CP. Sex and rhythms in sandflies and mosquitoes: an appreciation of the work of Alexandre Afranio Peixoto (1963-2013). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:662-5. [PMID: 25046172 PMCID: PMC4265727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis in Brazil has recently undergone complex speciation events. Anopheles cruzii in southern Brazil has also undergone recent speciation. The circadian clock mechanisms of both sandflies and mosquitoes have been described.
I will briefly discuss the work of Alexandre A. Peixoto on sandflies and mosquitoes, focusing initially on his contributions to the population biology and phylogenetics of Brazilian populations of these important hematophagous insects. I shall also review some of his work on the underlying molecular clocks that mediate rhythmic behaviour and physiology in these species.
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Abstract
Vector systematics research is being transformed by the recent development of theoretical, experimental and analytical methods, as well as conceptual insights into speciation and reconstruction of evolutionary history. We review this progress using examples from the mosquito genus Anopheles. The conclusion is that recent progress, particularly in the development of better tools for understanding evolutionary history, makes systematics much more informative for vector control purposes, and has increasing potential to inform and improve targeted vector control programmes.
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Krzywinski J, Li C, Morris M, Conn JE, Lima JB, Povoa MM, Wilkerson RC. Analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping mitochondrial genomes of a Neotropical malaria vector complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 58:469-77. [PMID: 21241811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many vectors of human malaria belong to complexes of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Here we report the analysis of the newly sequenced complete mitochondrial DNA molecules from six recognized or putative species of one such group, the Neotropical Anopheles albitarsis complex. The molecular evolution of these genomes had been driven by purifying selection, particularly strongly acting on the RNA genes. Directional mutation pressure associated with the strand-asynchronous asymmetric mtDNA replication mechanism may have shaped a pronounced DNA strand asymmetry in the nucleotide composition in these and other Anopheles species. The distribution of sequence polymorphism, coupled with the conflicting phylogenetic trees inferred from the mitochondrial DNA and from the published white gene fragment sequences, indicates that the evolution of the complex may have involved ancient mtDNA introgression. Six protein coding genes (nad5, nad4, cox3, atp6, cox1 and nad2) have high levels of sequence divergence and are likely informative for population genetics studies. Finally, the extent of the mitochondrial DNA variation within the complex supports the notion that the complex consists of a larger number of species than until recently believed.
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Marrelli MT, Sallum MAM, Marinotti O. The second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA as a tool for Latin American anopheline taxonomy - a critical review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 101:817-32. [PMID: 17293975 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the molecular markers commonly used for mosquito taxonomy, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA is useful for distinguishing among closely-related species. Here we review 178 GenBank accession numbers matching ITS2 sequences of Latin American anophelines. Among those, we found 105 unique sequences corresponding to 35 species. Overall the ITS2 sequences distinguish anopheline species, however, information on intraspecific and geographic variations is scarce. Intraspecific variations ranged from 0.2% to 19% and our analysis indicates that misidentification and/or sequencing errors could be responsible for some of the high values of divergence. Research in Latin American malaria vector taxonomy profited from molecular data provided by single or few field capture mosquitoes. However we propose that caution should be taken and minimum requirements considered in the design of additional studies. Future studies in this field should consider that: (1) voucher specimens, assigned to the DNA sequences, need to be deposited in collections, (2) intraspecific variations should be thoroughly evaluated, (3) ITS2 and other molecular markers, considered as a group, will provide more reliable information, (4) biological data about vector populations are missing and should be prioritized, (5) the molecular markers are most powerful when coupled with traditional taxonomic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Conn JE, Mirabello L. The biogeography and population genetics of neotropical vector species. Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 99:245-56. [PMID: 17534382 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6801002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic and population genetic data support the Pliocene or Pleistocene divergences of the co-distributed hematophagous insect vectors, the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l., the mosquitoes Anopheles darlingi and A. albitarsis s.l., and the triatomines Rhodnius prolixus and R. robustus. We examined patterns of divergence and distribution in relation to three hypotheses of neotropical diversification: Miocene/Pliocene marine incursion, Pliocene/Pleistocene riverine barriers and Pleistocene refugia. Only R. prolixus has a pattern concordant with the refugia hypothesis, and R. robustus conforms to the marine incursion predictions. A. darlingi partially fits the refugia hypothesis. For L. longipalpis s.l. and A. albitarsis s.l., elements of both incursion and refugia hypotheses seem to fit, suggesting perhaps an interaction of factors determining their distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Conn
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA.
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Lehr MA, Kilpatrick CW, Wilkerson RC, Conn JE. Cryptic Species in the Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex: Incongruence Between Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification and Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA COI Gene Sequences. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2005; 98:908-917. [PMID: 17082822 PMCID: PMC1633725 DOI: 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0908:csitan]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) diagnostic bands are one tool used to differentiate cryptic mosquito species in the Anopheles albitarsis Complex. Monophyly of four species (A. albitarsis Lynch-Arribálzaga, A. albitarsis B, A. deaneorum Rosa-Freitas, and A. marajoara Galvão & Damasceno) currently identified with the RAPD technique was assessed using sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses support monophyly for A. albitarsis s.s., A. albitarsis B, and A. deaneorum. Anopheles marajoara, as identified by RAPD banding patterns, was either polyphyletic or paraphyletic in all phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic pattern and within-species genetic distances observed in A. marajoara suggest the existence of a previously unidentified species (species E) in northern Brazil and Venezuela. Diagnostic RAPD bands were unable to distinguish between A. marajoara and species E, probably because of the low number of correlated bands used to identify species and weaknesses of the RAPD technique, in particular, violations of the untested assumption of homology of comigrating bands. A. marajoara (even without species E) is paraphyletic with respect to A. deaneorum; if A. deaneorum is a separate species from A. marajoara, then A. marajoara may consist of two or more species in Amazonian Brazil. Based on mtDNA COI sequences, there are at least four phylogenetic species within the Albitarsis Complex: A. albitarsis s.s., A. albitarsis B, A. marajoara, and species E; the species status of A. deaneorum is ambiguous.
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