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Huber G, Bohlmann J, Ritland K. Variation and Natural Heritability of Blueberry Floral Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8121-8128. [PMID: 37200203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) in British Columbia relies on honeybee pollination for a reliable fruit set. As floral volatiles may help explain pollinator preference for blueberry, we surveyed components of variation for volatiles using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Principal component analysis of GC chromatogram peaks revealed a grouping of cultivars by a biosynthetic pathway that also corresponds with their known pedigree. To identify genetic variance, we identified 34 chemicals with adequate sample sizes. We estimated "natural heritability" (using uncontrolled crosses in natural environments) in two ways: (1) as "clonal repeatability," which is equivalent to broad-sense heritability and is an upper bound for narrow-sense heritability, and (2) "marker-based heritability," which serves as a lower bound for narrow-sense heritability. Both methods indicate that heritability is relatively low, ca. 15%, and variable among traits. This is expected as the floral volatile release is changeable and dependent on environmental conditions. It might be possible to use highly heritable volatiles for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Huber
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kermit Ritland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Chemical Cues Used by the Weevil Curculio chinensis in Attacking the Host Oil Plant Camellia oleifera. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The weevil Curculio chinensis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major cause of economic losses to growers of Camellia oleifera in China, as females lay their eggs in developing fruits and the hatching larvae feed on their seed, aborting fruit growth. Olfactory cues play a key role in the host location of this weevil. The present study focused on identifying volatiles from different parts of the host plant Ca. oleifera, namely, the leaves, fruit peel, and seeds, and testing the antennal and behavioral responses of adult Cu. chinensis to those same volatiles. Methods relied on gas chromatography, electroantennograms, and Y-tube bioassays. The results included a total of twenty-five volatiles emitted by the three plant parts, among which eight elicited antennal responses in Cu. chinensis adults of both sexes. The behavioral bioassays indicated that 3-hexenal, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, methyl salicylate, geraniol, and phenethyl alcohol were attractive to Cu. chinensis, while trans-2-hexenal and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were repellent. Tests with different concentrations indicated that the behavioral response could be dose-dependent. Future studies should focus on field tests with blends of the attractant compounds in order to develop novel, improved control methods for field applications.
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Bandeira PT, Fávaro CF, Francke W, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Aggregation Pheromones of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Advances in the Identification and Potential Uses in Semiochemical-Based Pest Management Strategies. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:968-986. [PMID: 34671912 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With approximately 83,000 species described, Curculionidae is the largest family of beetles, comprising more than 80% of all weevil species worldwide. Many species of Curculionidae attack a wide range of native and orchards crops, as well as globally important stored products such as grains, flour, and seeds, being responsible for significant environmental and economic losses. This work provides an overview of the research in the identification of aggregation pheromones of Curculionidae, and their potential contributions to the development of semiochemical-based pest management strategies. The synergistic effect of the host plant volatiles in the attractiveness of weevil pheromones is also briefly reported, demonstrating the important role of these additional attractants in the chemical communication of curculionids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Taisline Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Carla Fernanda Fávaro
- Laboratório de Controle Biológico e Semioquímicos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulo Henrique Gorgatti Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
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Composition of Strawberry Floral Volatiles and their Effects on Behavior of Strawberry Blossom Weevil, Anthonomus rubi. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:1069-1081. [PMID: 33030638 PMCID: PMC7677281 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a major pest in strawberry fields throughout Europe. Traps baited with aggregation pheromone are used for pest monitoring. However, a more effective lure is needed. For a number of pests, it has been shown that the attractiveness of a pheromone can be enhanced by host plant volatiles. The goal of this study was to explore floral volatile blends of different strawberry species (Fragaria x ananassa and Fragaria vesca) to identify compounds that might be used to improve the attractiveness of existing lures for SBW. Floral emissions of F. x a. varieties Sonata, Beltran, Korona, and of F. vesca, were collected by both solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dynamic headspace sampling on Tenax. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed the floral volatiles of F. x ananassa. and F. vesca were dominated by aromatic compounds and terpenoids, with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (p-anisaldehyde) and α-muurolene the major compounds produced by the two species, respectively. Multi-dimensional scaling analyses separated the blends of the two species and explained differences between F. vesca genotypes and, to some degree, variation between F. x ananassa varieties In two-choice behavioral tests, SBW preferred odors of flowering strawberry plants to those of non-flowering plants, but weevils did not discriminate between odors from F. x ananassa and F. vesca flowering plants. Adding blends of six synthetic flower volatiles to non-flowering plants of both species increased the preference of SBW for these over the plants alone. When added individually to non-flowering plants, none of the components increased the preference of SBW, indicating a synergistic effect. However, SBW responded to 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, a major component of volatiles from F. viridis, previously found to synergize the attractiveness of the SBW aggregation pheromone in field studies.
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Barrett BA, Patterson ME, Xiong X. Behavioral Responses of Hunting Billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Towards Odors From Different Turfgrass Species and Adult Conspecifics. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1541-1546. [PMID: 30165586 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of bioassays involving a four-choice olfactometer were conducted to assess the behavioral responsiveness of adult hunting billbugs (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden) towards odors emanating from samples of three different turfgrasses: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (Poales: Poaceae)), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. (Poales: Poaceae)), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud. (Poales: Poaceae)). When exposed to the three turf species simultaneously, the majority of billbugs preferred the zoysiagrass treatment over the tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass treatments. When billbugs of both sexes were added to the three turf treatments, their presence with the turf did not enhance the released billbugs preference towards any of the treatments. Without the presence of turf, the released female billbugs were strongly attracted towards the male-only billbug treatment; however, a similar phenomenon was not observed for males. When a single turf type and/or mixed-sex adult billbugs were presented, treatments that contained the turf, especially zoysiagrass and tall fescue, strongly attracted the released billbugs compared with treatments that contained billbugs only. In the final bioassay experiment when billbugs were exposed to treatments of zoysiagrass and zoysiagrass + billbugs (with either sex), the released billbugs showed a significant preference towards the zoysiagrass + male billbugs treatment. Collectively, this series of experiments demonstrated the hunting billbugs preference to all three turf species tested, and their attraction to male conspecifics. This overall study was the first to investigate some basic aspects of the chemical ecology of the hunting billbug; specifically, the role turfgrass and adult billbug volatiles might have in billbug orientation and host selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Barrett
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Xi Xiong
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Duffy AG, Hughes GP, Ginzel MD, Richmond DS. Volatile and Contact Chemical Cues Associated with Host and Mate Recognition Behavior of Sphenophorus venatus and Sphenophorus parvulus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:556-564. [PMID: 29770906 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Beetles in the genus Sphenophorus Schönherr, or billbugs, potentially utilize both volatile and non-volatile behavior-modifying chemical signals. These insects are widely distributed across North America, often occurring in multi-species assemblages in grasses. However, details about their host- and mate-finding behavior are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that volatile organic compounds from host-plants and conspecifics direct the dispersal behavior of hunting billbug S. venatus Say. Further, we characterized the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of two widespread pest species, S. venatus and bluegrass billbug S. parvulus Gyllenhaal, to assess the potential role of contact pheromones in mate-recognition. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, S. venatus males were attracted to a combination of conspecifics and Cynodon dactylon host-plant material, as well as C. dactylon plant material alone. S. venatus females were attracted to a combination of male conspecifics and host-plants but were also attracted to male conspecifics alone. Field evaluation of a putative male-produced aggregation pheromone, 2-methyl-4-octanol, identified from two congeners, S. levis Vaurie and S. incurrens Gyllenhaal, did not support the hypothesis that S. venatus and S. parvulus were also attracted to this compound. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of S. venatus and S. parvulus whole-body cuticular extracts indicated a series of hydrocarbons with qualitative and quantitative interspecific variation in addition to intraspecific quantitative variation between males and females. This study provides the first evidence that S. venatus orients toward host- and insect-derived volatile organic compounds and substantiates the presence of species-specific cuticular hydrocarbons that could serve as contact pheromones for sympatric Sphenophorus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Duffy
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Gabriel P Hughes
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Ginzel
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Douglas S Richmond
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Kostromytska OS, Rodriguez-Saona C, Alborn HT, Koppenhöfer AM. Role of Plant Volatiles in Host Plant Recognition by Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:580-590. [PMID: 29740738 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is an economically important pest of short cut turfgrass. Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L., is the most preferred and suitable host for ABW oviposition, larval survival and development. We investigated the involvement of grass volatiles in ABW host plant preference under laboratory and field conditions. First, ovipositional and feeding preferences of ABW adults were studied in a sensory deprivation experiment. Clear evidence of involvement of olfaction in host recognition by ABW was demonstrated. Poa annua was preferred for oviposition over three bentgrasses, Agrostis spp., but weevils with blocked antennae did not exhibit significant preferences. ABW behavioral responses to volatiles emitted by Agrostis spp. and P. annua were examined in Y-tube olfactometer assays. Poa annua was attractive to ABW females and preferred to Agrostis spp. cultivars in Y-tube assays. Headspace volatiles emitted by P. annua and four cultivars of Agrostis stolonifera L. and two each of A. capillaris L. and A. canina L. were extracted, identified and compared. No P. annua specific volatiles were found, but Agrostis spp. tended to have larger quantities of terpenoids than P. annua. (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, phenyl ethyl alcohol and their combination were the most attractive compounds to ABW females in laboratory Y-tube assays. The combination of these compounds as a trap bait in field experiments attracted adults during the spring migration, but was ineffective once the adults were on the short-mown turfgrass. Hence, their usefulness for monitoring weevil populations needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Kostromytska
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Philip E. Marucci Blueberry and Cranberry Research Center, Rutgers University, 125a Lake Oswego, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Hans T Alborn
- USDA, ARS, SEA, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Albrecht M Koppenhöfer
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Silva D, Salamanca J, Kyryczenko-Roth V, Alborn HT, Rodriguez-Saona C. Comparison of Trap Types, Placement, and Colors for Monitoring Anthonomus musculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults in Highbush Blueberries. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4915564. [PMID: 31329904 PMCID: PMC5830975 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus Say (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key (univoltine) pest of highbush blueberries in the northeast United States. To date, however, no trapping system has been developed to successfully monitor this pest. In 2012-2014, studies were conducted in commercial highbush blueberry farms in New Jersey to 1) evaluate the efficacy of various commercially available traps, designed for other weevil species (e.g., pepper weevil, plum curculio, boll weevil, red palm weevil, and black vine weevil), in capturing A. musculus adults; 2) test whether the relative location of traps within the blueberry canopy affects adult captures and 3) determine the effects of different colored (yellow, white, green, red, blue, brown, and black) sticky traps on weevil captures. For a comparison with existing techniques, we also monitored the number of overwintered adult weevils on blueberry bushes using beat sheet sampling. Of all traps and colors tested, the most A. musculus adults were caught on yellow sticky traps and more adults were captured when these traps were placed at the bottom half of the blueberry canopy, i.e., 0.5-1.0 m above ground. Most weevils were caught on colored traps late in the season (i.e., during bloom), which corresponds mostly to the second (summer) adult generation. Thus, number of overwintered adults caught on traps did not correlate with those on bushes. Although our study identified traps that can be used to capture A. musculus adults, these traps alone (i.e., without semiochemicals) have so far limited applicability for monitoring overwintered adult weevils in highbush blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Silva
- P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ
| | - Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Vera Kyryczenko-Roth
- P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ
| | - Hans T Alborn
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA - ARS, Gainesville, FL
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ
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Du Y, Zhang J, Yan Z, Ma Y, Yang M, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Qin L, Cao Q. Host Preference and Performance of the Yellow Peach Moth (Conogethes punctiferalis) on Chestnut Cultivars. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157609. [PMID: 27326856 PMCID: PMC4915626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitability of plant tissues as food for insects varies from plant to plant. In lepidopteran insects, fitness is largely dependent on the host-finding ability of the females. Existing studies have suggested that polyphagous lepidopterans preferentially select certain host plant species for oviposition. However, the mechanisms for host recognition and selection have not been fully elucidated. For the polyphagous yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis, we explored the effect of chestnut cultivar on the performance and fitness and addressed the mechanisms of plant-volatile-mediated host recognition. By carrying out laboratory experiments and field investigation on four chestnut Castanea mollissima cultivars (Huaihuang, Huaijiu, Yanhong, and Shisheng), we found that C. punctiferalis females preferentially select Huaijiu for oviposition and infestation, and caterpillars fed on Huaijiu achieved slightly greater fitness than those fed on the other three chestnut cultivars, indicating that Huaijiu was a better suitable host for C. punctiferalis. Plant volatiles played important roles in host recognition by C. punctiferalis. All seven chestnut volatile compounds, α-pinene, camphene, β-thujene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, 3-carene, and nonanal, could trigger EAG responses in C. punctiferalis. The ubiquitous plant terpenoids, α-pinene, camphene and β-pinene, and their specific combination at concentrations and proportions similar to the emissions from the four chestnut cultivars, was sufficient to elicit host recognition behavior of female C. punctiferalis. Nonanal and a mixture containing nonanal, that mimicked the emission of C. punctiferalis infested chestnut fruits, caused avoidance response. The outcome demonstrates the effects of chestnut cultivars on the performance of C. punctiferalis and reveals the preference-performance relationship between C. punctiferalis adults and their offspring. The observed olfactory plasticity in the plant-volatile-mediated host recognition may be important for the forming of the relationship between yellow peach moth and chestnuts since it allows the polyphagous herbivores to adjust to variation in volatile emission from their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minzhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqin Cao
- College of Biological science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Collatz J, Dorn S. A host-plant-derived volatile blend to attract the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum - the essential volatiles include a repellent constituent. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:1092-1098. [PMID: 23450733 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant volatiles are promising cues for trapping pest insects. This study started with a recently identified complex blend released by prebloom apple trees and aimed to reduce the number of compounds in the blend while maintaining the attraction of the target pest, the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum. An evaluation was made to determine whether attraction to plant volatiles is a general feature in this species. RESULTS Laboratory-based bioassays with field-collected weevils demonstrated repellency by volatiles from the non-host walnut, indicating that preference for plant odours is not a general feature in this species. By a subtractive bioassay approach, the original number of compounds in the apple-plant-released blend was stepwise reduced from 12 to 6 while maintaining weevil attraction. This resulting blend was as attractive as the full blend and as a blossom-bud-carrying apple twig. It was found to be composed of two synergistically interacting constituents, of which the first containing benzenoids was behaviourally inactive, and the second comprising the remaining compounds was even repellent. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances knowledge of the interaction of behaviourally effective constituents in complex odour blends and contributes to the development of an efficient monitoring system involving plant volatiles for the apple blossom weevil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Collatz
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Applied Entomology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Magalhães DM, Borges M, Laumann RA, Sujii ER, Mayon P, Caulfield JC, Midega CAO, Khan ZR, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Semiochemicals from herbivory induced cotton plants enhance the foraging behavior of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. J Chem Ecol 2012. [PMID: 23179097 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, has been monitored through deployment of traps baited with aggregation pheromone components. However, field studies have shown that the number of insects caught in these traps is significantly reduced during cotton squaring, suggesting that volatiles produced by plants at this phenological stage may be involved in attraction. Here, we evaluated the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by undamaged or damaged cotton plants at different phenological stages, under different infestation conditions, and determined the attractiveness of these VOCs to adults of A. grandis. In addition, we investigated whether or not VOCs released by cotton plants enhanced the attractiveness of the aggregation pheromone emitted by male boll weevils. Behavioral responses of A. grandis to VOCs from conspecific-damaged, heterospecific-damaged (Spodoptera frugiperda and Euschistus heros) and undamaged cotton plants, at different phenological stages, were assessed in Y-tube olfactometers. The results showed that volatiles emitted from reproductive cotton plants damaged by conspecifics were attractive to adults boll weevils, whereas volatiles induced by heterospecific herbivores were not as attractive. Additionally, addition of boll weevil-induced volatiles from reproductive cotton plants to aggregation pheromone gave increased attraction, relative to the pheromone alone. The VOC profiles of undamaged and mechanically damaged cotton plants, in both phenological stages, were not different. Chemical analysis showed that cotton plants produced qualitatively similar volatile profiles regardless of damage type, but the quantities produced differed according to the plant's phenological stage and the herbivore species. Notably, vegetative cotton plants released higher amounts of VOCs compared to reproductive plants. At both stages, the highest rate of VOC release was observed in A. grandis-damaged plants. Results show that A. grandis uses conspecific herbivore-induced volatiles in host location, and that homoterpene compounds, such as (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and the monoterpene (E)-ocimene, may be involved in preference for host plants at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, W5 Norte, CEP 70770-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Rodriguez-Saona C, Parra L, Quiroz A, Isaacs R. Variation in highbush blueberry floral volatile profiles as a function of pollination status, cultivar, time of day and flower part: implications for flower visitation by bees. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:1377-1390. [PMID: 21498566 PMCID: PMC3101143 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of the effects of pollination on floral scent and bee visitation remain rare, particularly in agricultural crops. To fill this gap, the hypothesis that bee visitation to flowers decreases after pollination through reduced floral volatile emissions in highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum, was tested. Other sources of variation in floral emissions and the role of floral volatiles in bee attraction were also examined. METHODS Pollinator visitation to blueberry flowers was manipulated by bagging all flowers within a bush (pollinator excluded) or leaving them unbagged (open pollinated), and then the effect on floral volatile emissions and future bee visitation were measured. Floral volatiles were also measured from different blueberry cultivars, times of the day and flower parts, and a study was conducted to test the attraction of bees to floral volatiles. KEY RESULTS Open-pollinated blueberry flowers had 32 % lower volatile emissions than pollinator-excluded flowers. In particular, cinnamyl alcohol, a major component of the floral blend that is emitted exclusively from petals, was emitted in lower quantities from open-pollinated flowers. Although, no differences in cinnamyl alcohol emissions were detected among three blueberry cultivars or at different times of day, some components of the blueberry floral blend were emitted in higher amounts from certain cultivars and at mid-day. Field observations showed that more bees visited bushes with pollinator-excluded flowers. Also, more honey bees were caught in traps baited with a synthetic blueberry floral blend than in unbaited traps. CONCLUSIONS Greater volatile emissions may help guide bees to unpollinated flowers, and thus increase plant fitness and bee energetic return when foraging in blueberries. Furthermore, the variation in volatile emissions from blueberry flowers depending on pollination status, plant cultivar and time of day suggests an adaptive role of floral signals in increasing pollination of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research & Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA.
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Szendrei Z, Averill A, Alborn H, Rodriguez-Saona C. Identification and field evaluation of attractants for the cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus Say. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:387-97. [PMID: 21445566 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies were conducted to develop an attractant for the cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus, a pest of blueberry and cranberry flower buds and flowers in the northeastern United States. In previous studies, we showed that cinnamyl alcohol, the most abundant blueberry floral volatile, and the green leaf volatiles (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and hexyl acetate, emitted from both flowers and flower buds, elicit strong antennal responses from A. musculus. Here, we found that cinnamyl alcohol did not increase capture of A. musculus adults on yellow sticky traps compared with unbaited controls; however, weevils were highly attracted to traps baited with the Anthonomus eugenii Cano aggregation pheromone, indicating that these congeners share common pheromone components. To identify the A. musculus aggregation pheromone, headspace volatiles were collected from adults feeding on blueberry or cranberry flower buds and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three male-specific compounds were identified: (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexylidene) ethanol (Z grandlure II); (Z)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene) acetaldehyde (grandlure III); and (E)-(3,3- dimethylcyclohexylidene) acetaldehyde (grandlure IV). A fourth component, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (geraniol), was emitted in similar quantities by males and females. The emission rates of these volatiles were about 2.8, 1.8, 1.3, and 0.9 ng/adult/d, respectively. Field experiments in highbush blueberry (New Jersey) and cranberry (Massachusetts) examined the attraction of A. musculus to traps baited with the male-produced compounds and geraniol presented alone and combined with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and hexyl acetate, and to traps baited with the pheromones of A. eugenii and A. grandis. In both states and crops, traps baited with the A. musculus male-produced compounds attracted the highest number of adults. Addition of the green leaf volatiles did not affect A. musculus attraction to its pheromone but skewed the sex ratio of the captured adults towards females. Although the role of plant volatiles in host-plant location by A. musculus is still unclear, our studies provide the first identification of the primary A. musculus aggregation pheromone components that can be used to monitor this pest in blueberry and cranberry pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA.
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Piskorski R, Dorn S. Early-season headspace volatiles from apple and their effect on the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum. Chem Biodivers 2011; 7:2254-60. [PMID: 20860027 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Apple volatiles emitted at early phenological stages are little investigated, although they may influence behavior of early-season pests. The apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum is a herbivore pest of orchards in Europe. It colonizes apple trees in early season and oviposits into developing flower buds, often leading to economic damage. Using in situ radial diffusive sampling and thermal desorption, followed by GC/MS analysis, headspace volatiles from apple twigs with flower buds at three early phenological tree stages were identified and quantified. The volatile blend consisted of 13 compounds for the first, and increased to 15 compounds for the third phenological stage sampled. These blends included benzenoids, terpenes, and derivatives of fatty acids. A recombined synthetic blend served as the odor source in a still-air dual-choice olfactometer bioassay, in which individual male and female weevils were tested. Results from this behavioral test document an attraction of both sexes to odors of their host plant, suggesting that apple volatiles emitted in early season serve as olfactory cues for host location of A. pomorum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Piskorski
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Applied Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, Zurich
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Electrophysiological responses and field attraction of the grey corn weevil, Tanymecus (Episomecus) dilaticollis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to synthetic plant volatiles. CHEMOECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-010-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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