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Etl F, Francke W, Schönenberger J, Dötterl S. Chemical Attraction of Gall Midge Pollinators (Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) to Anthurium acutangulum (Araceae). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:263-269. [PMID: 35258745 PMCID: PMC8934759 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Flowering plants often use chemical signals to attract their pollinators, and compounds that elicit attraction are known for several groups of pollinators. For other pollinators such as gall midges, however, compounds responsible for their attraction to flowers are largely unknown. Here, we describe the pollination biology of Anthurium acutangulum, a Neotropical aroid species found to be attractive to gall midges. We collected and analyzed its floral scent by dynamic headspace collections and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and identified compounds responsible for pollinator attraction. The inflorescences were almost exclusively visited by gall midges (females; Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) and released a strong scent reminiscent of freshly cut cucumber, mainly (5S,7S)-trans-conophthorin, (E2,Z6)-2,6-nonadienal, and cis-conophthorin. Behavioral assays with the two most abundant compounds identified (E2,Z6)-2,6-nonadienal as being highly attractive to the female gall midge pollinators, whereas (5S,7S)-trans-conophthorin was not attractive. Overall, we introduce a new specialized gall midge pollination system and identify the chemical mediating communication between the pollinators and their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Etl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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2
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Bandeira PT, Fávaro CF, Francke W, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Aggregation Pheromones of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Advances in the Identification and Potential Uses in Semiochemical-Based Pest Management Strategies. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:968-986. [PMID: 34671912 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With approximately 83,000 species described, Curculionidae is the largest family of beetles, comprising more than 80% of all weevil species worldwide. Many species of Curculionidae attack a wide range of native and orchards crops, as well as globally important stored products such as grains, flour, and seeds, being responsible for significant environmental and economic losses. This work provides an overview of the research in the identification of aggregation pheromones of Curculionidae, and their potential contributions to the development of semiochemical-based pest management strategies. The synergistic effect of the host plant volatiles in the attractiveness of weevil pheromones is also briefly reported, demonstrating the important role of these additional attractants in the chemical communication of curculionids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Taisline Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Carla Fernanda Fávaro
- Laboratório de Controle Biológico e Semioquímicos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulo Henrique Gorgatti Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
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3
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Tröger A, Svensson GP, Galbrecht HM, Twele R, Patt JM, Bartram S, Zarbin PHG, Segraves KA, Althoff DM, von Reuss S, Raguso RA, Francke W. Tetranorsesquiterpenoids as Attractants of Yucca Moths to Yucca Flowers. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:1025-1041. [PMID: 34506004 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The obligate pollination mutualism between Yucca and yucca moths is a classical example of coevolution. Oviposition and active pollination by female yucca moths occur at night when Yucca flowers are open and strongly scented. Thus, floral volatiles have been suggested as key sensory signals attracting yucca moths to their host plants, but no bioactive compounds have yet been identified. In this study, we showed that both sexes of the pollinator moth Tegeticula yuccasella are attracted to the floral scent of the host Yucca filamentosa. Chemical analysis of the floral headspace from six Yucca species in sections Chaenocarpa and Sarcocarpa revealed a set of novel tetranorsesquiterpenoids putatively derived from (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Their structure elucidation was accomplished by NMR analysis of the crude floral scent sample of Yucca treculeana along with GC/MS analysis and confirmed by total synthesis. Since all these volatiles are included in the floral scent of Y. filamentosa, which has been an important model species for understanding the pollination mutualism, we name these compounds filamentolide, filamentol, filamental, and filamentone. Several of these compounds elicited antennal responses in pollinating (Tegeticula) and non-pollinating (Prodoxus) moth species upon stimulation in electrophysiological recordings. In addition, synthetic (Z)-filamentolide attracted significant numbers of both sexes of two associated Prodoxus species in a field trapping experiment. Highly specialized insect-plant interactions, such as obligate pollination mutualisms, are predicted to be maintained through "private channels" dictated by specific compounds. The identification of novel bioactive tetranorsesquiterpenoids is a first step in testing such a hypothesis in the Yucca-yucca moth interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tröger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Solvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans-Martin Galbrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Twele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph M Patt
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Kari A Segraves
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - David M Althoff
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Stephan von Reuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Martel C, Francke W, Ayasse M. The chemical and visual bases of the pollination of the Neotropical sexually deceptive orchid Telipogon peruvianus. New Phytol 2019; 223:1989-2001. [PMID: 31074029 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deception of floral visitors in pollination systems is widely distributed among flowering plants. In deceptive systems, the flower (or part of it) or inflorescence mimics either a specific or an unspecific model to attract pollinators. A previous study showed that Telipogon peruvianus flowers developed sexual deception for pollination. However, it was unknown which stimuli were playing a role in pollination. Therefore, we aim to throw some light onto these questions using colour and chemical analysis and biotests. Interestingly, using spectral reflectance, we show here that the flowers present high contrast similar to that produced by a female tachinid fly sitting on a daisy inflorescence, which is used as food resource. We also tested the role of chemical signals in pollinator attraction by collecting floral and female extracts for chemical and electrophysiological analyses, and carried out behavioural tests. For biotests, various treatments, including synthetic mixtures of the electrophysiologically active compounds found in common in females and flowers, have demonstrated that T. peruvianus flowers mimic the sexual pheromone of their pollinator's females. Thus, we give evidence that T. peruvianus flowers mimic a model composed of two organisms. Our study contributes to the understanding of the evolution of deceptive pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martel
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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Lassance JM, Svensson GP, Kozlov MV, Francke W, Löfstedt C. Pheromones and Barcoding Delimit Boundaries between Cryptic Species in the Primitive Moth Genus Eriocrania (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:429-439. [PMID: 31152352 PMCID: PMC6570776 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal classification is primarily based on morphological characters, even though these may not be the first to diverge during speciation. In many cases, closely related taxa are actually difficult to distinguish based on morphological characters alone, especially when there is no substantial niche separation. As a consequence, the diversity of certain groups is likely to be underestimated. Lepidoptera –moths and butterflies– represent the largest group of herbivorous insects. The extensive diversification in the group is generally assumed to have its origin in the spectacular radiation of flowering plants and the resulting abundance of ecological niches. However, speciation can also occur without strong ecological divergence. For example, reproductive isolation can evolve as the result of divergence in mate preference and the associated pheromone communication system. We combined pheromone trapping and genetic analysis to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within a complex of primitive moth species (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers provided evidence that Eriocrania semipurpurella, as currently defined by morphological characters, includes three cryptic species in Northern and Western Europe. Male moths of these cryptic species, as well as of the closely related E. sangii, exhibited relative specificity in terms of their attraction to specific ratios of two major pheromone components, (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol and (2R,6Z)-nonen-2-ol. Our data suggest strong assortative mating in these species in the absence of apparent niche separation, indicating that Eriocrania moths may represent an example of non-ecological speciation. Finally, our study argues in favour of combining pheromone investigations and DNA barcoding as powerful tools for identifying and delimitating species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Lassance
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail V Kozlov
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christer Löfstedt
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden.
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Gervasi DDL, Selosse MA, Sauve M, Francke W, Vereecken NJ, Cozzolino S, Schiestl FP. Floral scent and species divergence in a pair of sexually deceptive orchids. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6023-6034. [PMID: 28808562 PMCID: PMC5551101 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation is typically accompanied by the formation of isolation barriers between lineages. Commonly, reproductive barriers are separated into pre‐ and post‐zygotic mechanisms that can evolve with different speed. In this study, we measured the strength of different reproductive barriers in two closely related, sympatric orchids of the Ophrys insectifera group, namely Ophrys insectifera and Ophrys aymoninii to infer possible mechanisms of speciation. We quantified pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers through observation of pollen flow, by performing artificial inter‐ and intraspecific crosses and analyzing scent bouquets. Additionally, we investigated differences in mycorrhizal fungi as a potential extrinsic factor of post‐zygotic isolation. Our results show that floral isolation mediated by the attraction of different pollinators acts apparently as the sole reproductive barrier between the two orchid species, with later‐acting intrinsic barriers seemingly absent. Also, the two orchids share most of their fungal mycorrhizal partners in sympatry, suggesting little or no importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis in reproductive isolation. Key traits underlying floral isolation were two alkenes and wax ester, present predominantly in the floral scent of O. aymoninii. These compounds, when applied to flowers of O. insectifera, triggered attraction and a copulation attempt of the bee pollinator of O. aymoninii and thus led to the (partial) breakdown of floral isolation. Based on our results, we suggest that adaptation to different pollinators, mediated by floral scent, underlies species isolation in this plant group. Pollinator switches may be promoted by low pollination success of individuals in dense patches of plants, an assumption that we also confirmed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D L Gervasi
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marc-Andre Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France.,Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation University of Gdansk Gdańsk Poland
| | - Mathieu Sauve
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology and Pollination Group Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Florian P Schiestl
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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Possner ST, Schroeder FC, Rapp HT, Sinnwell V, Franke S, Francke W. 3,7-Isoquinoline quinones from the ascidian tunicate Ascidia virginea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:259-264. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new isoquinoline quinone system and its iodinated derivatives were isolated from the ascidian tunicate Ascidia virginea Müller 1776 (Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae). Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and derivatization reactions. Ascidine A (3,7-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)isoquinoline-3,7-dione (1), ascidine B (3,7-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-4-(4′-hydroxy-3′-iodophenyl)isoquinoline-3,7-dione (2), and ascidine C (3,7-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-4-(4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-diiodophenyl)isoquinoline-3,7-dione (3) represent a novel type of tyrosine-derived alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven T. Possner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853-1301 , USA
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853-1301 , USA
| | - Hans Tore Rapp
- Department of Biology and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research , University of Bergen , PO Box 7800 , N-5020 Bergen , Norway
| | - Volker Sinnwell
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Stefan Franke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany , Tel.: (+49) 40 42838-2866
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Brandt K, Dötterl S, Francke W, Ayasse M, Milet-Pinheiro P. Flower Visitors of Campanula: Are Oligoleges More Sensitive to Host-Specific Floral Scents Than Polyleges? J Chem Ecol 2016; 43:4-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vuts J, Francke W, Mori K, Zarbin PHG, Hooper AM, Millar JG, Pickett JA, Tóth M, Chamberlain K, Caulfield JC, Woodcock CM, Tröger AG, Csonka ÉB, Birkett MA. Pheromone Bouquet of the Dried Bean Beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus(Col.: Chrysomelidae), Now Complete (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 22/2015). European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201590060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heiduk A, Kong H, Brake I, von Tschirnhaus M, Tolasch T, Tröger AG, Wittenberg E, Francke W, Meve U, Dötterl S. Deceptive Ceropegia dolichophylla fools its kleptoparasitic fly pollinators with exceptional floral scent. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vuts J, Francke W, Mori K, Zarbin PHG, Hooper AM, Millar JG, Pickett JA, Tóth M, Chamberlain K, Caulfield JC, Woodcock CM, Tröger AG, Csonka ÉB, Birkett MA. Pheromone Bouquet of the Dried Bean Beetle,Acanthoscelides obtectus(Col.: Chrysomelidae), Now Complete. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Palacio-Cortés AM, Valente F, Saad EB, Tröger A, Francke W, Zarbin PHG. (1 R,2 S,6 R)-Papayanol, Aggregation Pheromone of the Guava Weevil, Conotrachelus psidii. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20150040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tóth M, Furlan L, Vuts J, Szarukán I, Ujváry I, Yatsynin VG, Tolasch T, Francke W. Geranyl hexanoate, the female-produced pheromone of Agriotes sordidus Illiger (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and its activity on both sexes. CHEMOECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-014-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang HL, Brattström O, Brakefield PM, Francke W, Löfstedt C. Identification and biosynthesis of novel male specific esters in the wings of the tropical butterfly, Bicyclus martius sanaos. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:549-59. [PMID: 24894159 PMCID: PMC4090810 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of the highly speciose tropical butterfly genus Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are characterized by morphological differences in the male androconia, a set of scales and hair pencils located on the surface of the wings. These androconia are assumed to be associated with the release of courtship pheromones. In the present study, we report the identification and biosynthetic pathways of several novel esters from the wings of male B. martius sanaos. We found that the volatile compounds in this male butterfly were similar to female-produced moth sex pheromones. Components associated with the male wing androconial areas were identified as ethyl, isobutyl and 2-phenylethyl hexadecanoates and (11Z)-11-hexadecenoates, among which the latter are novel natural products. By topical application of deuterium-labelled fatty acid and amino acid precursors, we found these pheromone candidates to be produced in patches located on the forewings of the males. Deuterium labels from hexadecanoic acid were incorporated into (11Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid, providing experimental evidence of a Δ11-desaturase being active in butterflies. This unusual desaturase was found previously to be involved in the biosynthesis of female-produced sex pheromones of moths. In the male butterflies, both hexadecanoic acid and (11Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid were then enzymatically esterified to form the ethyl, isobutyl and 2-phenylethyl esters, incorporating ethanol, isobutanol, and 2-phenylethanol, derived from the corresponding amino acids L-alanine, L-valine, and L-phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden,
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Abstract
Abstract
The complex volatile secretion from the mandibular glands of Andrena haemorrhoa (Hym., Apoidea) has been analysed by GC/M S. It is composed primarily of three groups of compounds:
1. Spiroacetals of five different systems: two 1,6-dioxyspiro[4.4]nonanes, four 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5] decanes, two 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes, one 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.6]undecane and one 1,7-dioxa-spiro[5.6]dodecane.
2. Straight chain fatty acid derivatives: methyl ketones, primary and secondary alcohols, acetates and hydrocarbons.
3. Isoprenoids: geraniol and geranyl acetate.
Mass spectral fragmentation patterns have been studied for several synthesized spiroacetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, 2000 Hamburg 13, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6
| | - W. Reith
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, 2000 Hamburg 13, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6
| | - G. Bergström
- Ecological Station of Uppsala University, S-38600 Färjestaden
| | - J. Tengö
- Ecological Station of Uppsala University, S-38600 Färjestaden
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Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid derivatives are present in the androconial (male scent) organs of Prittwitzia hymenaea, Mechanitis isthmia veritabilis, Tithorea harmónia fúria (Lep., Ithomiinae), Amauris echeria and Euploea sylvester (Lep., Danainae). While the ithomiines contain the new pyrrolizidine alkaloid derivative methyl hydroxydanaidoate, the danaines contain the known derivatives danaidone and hydroxydanaidal. In addition, 2,2,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1,4-dione (oxoisophorone) and related terpenoids have been identified from Amauris, Euploea and Prittwitzia as well as from the flowers of Buddleja davidii (Loganiaceae). Three new naturally occurring bishomoterpenes as well as mono- and sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds add to the formation of species specific blends in the scent organs of the butterflies
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Schulz
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
| | - W. Francke
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
| | - J. Edgar
- CSIRO, Division of Animal Health, P.O. Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
| | - D. Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, D-8131 Seewiesen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Abstract
Abstract
Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and E-myrcenol are male specific compounds of Ips schmutzenhoferi. Overall 46 compounds could be identified from males and females. The diversity of oxygenated terpenes is particularly high in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, D- 2000 Hamburg 13
| | - J. Bartels
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, D- 2000 Hamburg 13
| | - H. Schmutzenhofer
- Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt, Inst. für Tierschutz, A- 1131 Wien
| | - U. Kohnle
- Forstzoologisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, D-7800 Freiburg
| | - J. P. Vité
- Forstzoologisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, D-7800 Freiburg
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19
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Bühring M, Francke W, Heemann V. Flüchtige Inhaltsstoffe der Volatile Substances from Formica rufa L. und polyctena Forst / Volatile Substances from Formica rufa L. and F. polyctena Forst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1976-11-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The terpenes camphene, camphor, isopulegol, isoborneol, bomeol and the terpenoid methyl 3-isopropyl-pentanoate are identified from both species while n-nonanal was only found in F. rufa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bühring
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg
| | - W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg
| | - V. Heemann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg
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20
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Tengö J, Bergström G, Borg-Karlson AK, Groth I, Francke W. Volatile Compounds from Cephalic Secretions of Females in two Cleptoparasite Bee Genera, Epeolus (Hym., Anthophoridae) and Coelioxys (Hym., Megachilidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1982-5-605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Volatile cephalic secretions from females of four cleptoparasitic bee species, Epeolus cruciger (Pz.), E. variegatus, (L.) (Anthophoridae) and Coelioxys (Coelioxys) quadridentata (L.), C. (Schizocoelioxys) mandibularis Nyl. (Megachilidae) were analysed by combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. There are considerable similarities between the two species within each genus, and also some qualitative correspondences between the two genera. The Epeolus species contain spiroacetals, 2-alkanols and pyrazines while the Coelioxys species contain spiroacetals, 3-alkanols and 3-ketones along with unsaturated alcohols. Two of the spiroacetals are first found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tengö
- Ecological Station of Uppsala University, S-386 00 Färjestaden (Sweden)
| | - G. Bergström
- Ecological Station of Uppsala University, S-386 00 Färjestaden (Sweden)
| | | | - I. Groth
- Ecological Station of Uppsala University, S-386 00 Färjestaden (Sweden)
| | - W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie D-2000 Hamburg 13, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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21
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Francke W, Bühring M, Horstmann K. Untersuchungen über Pherom one bei Formica polyctena (Förster) / Studies on the Pheromones of Formica polyctena (Förster). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1980-9-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methyl-3-isopropylpentanoate is identified from the heads of workers and in higher concentration from heads of old queens of Formica polyctena (Förster). In laboratory bioassays this terpenoid ester showed a strong aggression inhibiting effect. While in the abdomina of workers the alarm pheromone undecane is the main compound it is almost completely absent in the abdomina of old queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 2 Hamburg 13
| | - M. Bühring
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 2 Hamburg 13
| | - K. Horstmann
- Zoologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 8700 Würzburg
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22
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Voss J, Altrogge M, Wilkes H, Francke W. Notizen: Electroreduction of Organic Compounds, XVIII / Electrochemical Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p-dioxins in Methanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1991-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mono and polyhalogenated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins are electrochemically reduced in a divided cell in technical methanol at a lead cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - M. Altrogge
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - H. Wilkes
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
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23
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Klein H, Francke W, König WA. Studien über Wespengift, I Niedermolekulare Bestandteile des Giftblasenextraktes von Paravespula vulgaris / Studies on Wasp Venom, I Low Molecular Weight Constituents of Venom Sac Extracts from Paravespula vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1981-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Low molecular weight constituents of 3400 venom sacs of Paravespula vulgaris were extracted with water, diluted acetic acid, and methanol. After conversion to volatile derivatives carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, other constituents of phospho lipids, and biogenic amines were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis was achieved for amino acids by amino acid analysis and for glucose by an enzymatic assay. Results are discussed with regard to biosynthesis of wasp toxins and phylogenetic aspects of hymenopteran venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Klein
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - Wilfried A. König
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
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24
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Francke W, Schröder W, Engels E, Engels W. Variation in cephalic volatile substances in relation to worker age and behavior in the stingless bee, scaptotrigona postica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1983-11-1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Head extracts of adult workers of the Brazilian stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica (Trigonini, Meliponinae: Apidae) were analysed for volatile substances by gas chrom atography/ mass spectroscopy. Individual worker bees performing clearly defined tasks and representing five age groups were collected. A total of 36 compounds was identified, 22 of which had not been previously described for a Trigona species.
The major components are 2-heptanol, 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, Z-5-tetradecenylbutanoate and Z-7-hexadecenylbutanoate. 11 of the 36 compounds increase in concentration with age, but only 2 decrease. The other substances are present in more or less constant concentrations. These data are discussed assuming more complicated pheromone-m ediated interactions within an age-dependent polyethism between old workers acting inside and outside the nest than between young house bees
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 H am burg 13
| | - W. Schröder
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 H am burg 13
| | - E. Engels
- Institut für Biologie III (Zoologie), Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-7400 Tübingen 1
| | - W. Engels
- Institut für Biologie III (Zoologie), Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-7400 Tübingen 1
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25
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Abstract
Abstract
50 volatile constituents of the mandibular gland secretions in males and females of three species of Andrena bees, A. wilkella (Chr.), A. ovatula (K .) and A. ocreata (K .), have been identified. The secretions are made up of a series of spiroacetals of four different systems together with mono-terpenes and unbranched acyclic compounds. Many of the components, particularly several of the dominant ones, occur in both sexes of all three species, so that the volatile secretions are qualitatively very similar. Females contain about 100 μg per individuum , which is 3-5 times the amount of the males’ secretions. Major spiroacetals are E,E- and Z ,E-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecane and E,E-and Z,E-2-ethyl-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]undecane, while prominent monoterpenes are geraniol and citronellol. Straight chain hydrocarbons C17, C19, C21 and C23 occur in fairly large amounts, mostly with increasing concentrations. With respect to the quantitative distribution of components of minor concentration, the bouquet of A. wilkella is clearly distinguishable from A. ovatula and A. ocreata which from the morphological and ethological point of view are more closely related. Behaviour tests with A. wilkella indicate high biological activity of the main spiroacetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Bergström
- Dept, of Ecological Chemistry, Göteborg University, S-40033 Göteborg
| | - Jan Tengö
- Uppsala University Ecological Station, S-38600 Färjestaden
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg 13
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26
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Francke W, Mackenroth W, Schroder W, Schulz S, Tengö J, Engels E, Engels W, Kittmann R, Schneider D. Identification of Cyclic Enolethers from Insects: Alkyldihydropyranes from Bees and AIkyldihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones from a Male Moth*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1985-1-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of alkyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranes and alkyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones are described. Through GC/MS analyses, respective compounds showing unbranched carbon skeletons are identified for the first time as volatile signals of social and solitary bees and of the male moth Hepialus hecta L.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Francke
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universitat, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - W. Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universitat, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - W. Schroder
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universitat, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - S. Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universitat, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13
| | - J. Tengö
- Ecological Station, Uppsala University, S-38600 Färjestaden
| | - E. Engels
- Institut für Biologie III (Zoologie) der Universitat, Auf der Morgenstelle 28. D-7400 Tubingen
| | - W. Engels
- Institut für Biologie III (Zoologie) der Universitat, Auf der Morgenstelle 28. D-7400 Tubingen
| | - R. Kittmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, D-8131 Seewiesen
| | - D. Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, D-8131 Seewiesen
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27
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Tröger A, van Beek TA, Huigens ME, Silva IMMS, Posthumus MA, Francke W. Structure elucidation of female-specific volatiles released by the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma turkestanica (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:767-73. [PMID: 24778731 PMCID: PMC3999836 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma turkestanica produce the putative polydeoxypropionates (2E,4E,6S,8S,10S)-4,6,8,10-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-diene and (2E,4E,6S,8S,10S)-4,6,8,10-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-dien-1-ol or their enantiomers as sex specific volatiles. The structures were assigned on the basis of GC–MS investigations using synthetic reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tröger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teris A van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus E Huigens
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel M M S Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Posthumus
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Ayasse M, Birnbaum J, Tengö J, van Doorn A, Taghizadeh T, Francke W. Caste- and colony-specific chemical signals on eggs of the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). CHEMOECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s000490050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Baker TC, Francke W, Millar JG, Löfstedt C, Hansson B, Du JW, Phelan PL, Vetter RS, Youngman R, Todd JL. Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). J Chem Ecol 2013; 17:1973-88. [PMID: 24258492 DOI: 10.1007/bf00992582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1991] [Accepted: 06/17/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Baker
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 92521, Riverside, California
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30
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Zhu J, Kozlov MV, Philipp P, Francke W, Löfstedt C. Identification of a novel moth sex pheromone inEriocrania cicatricella (Zett.) (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) and its phylogenetic implications. J Chem Ecol 2013; 21:29-43. [PMID: 24233565 DOI: 10.1007/bf02033660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/1994] [Accepted: 09/29/1994] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from different body parts of adult femaleEriocrania cicatricella (Zett.) were tested for electrophysiological activity on conspecific male antennae. Extracts from the Vth abdominal segment, containing a pair of exocrine glands, elicited the largest electroantennographic response when compared to extracts of other body parts. Female extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (EAD). The EAD active peaks were identified as (Z)-4-hepten-2-one, (2R)-heptane-2-ol, and (2R)-(Z)-4-hepten-2-ol by coinjection on a gas chromatography and by comparison of mass spectra with those of synthetic standards. In field tests, a blend of these three pheromone components was highly attractive to conspecific males, and a subtractive assay confirmed that the unsaturated alcohol is the major pheromone component, whereas no definite behavioral activity could be assigned to the ketone or the saturated alcohol. A bait containing the two alcohols withS-configuration was attractive to maleE. sparrmannella (Bosc), whereas no males ofE. cicatricella were found in these traps. The sex pheromone compounds inE. cicatricella are chemically similar to pheromones reported in Trichoptera and they are produced in homologous glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Tóth M, Szöcs G, van Nieukerken EJ, Philipp P, Schmidt F, Francke W. Novel type of sex pheromone structure identified fromStigmella malella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae). J Chem Ecol 2013; 21:13-27. [PMID: 24233564 DOI: 10.1007/bf02033659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/1994] [Accepted: 09/15/1994] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain unsaturated chiral methyl carbinols are identified as a new class of lepidopteran pheromone components. The natural female-produced pheromone of the banded apple pigmyStigmella malella (=Nepticula malella) (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) was identified to be a mixture of (S)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol and (S)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol. For monitoring traps, a 10:3E:Z blend at 100-1000 µg is recommended. It is suggested that pheromones with similar structures may be specific to Nepticulidae and other related microlepidopteran families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tóth
- Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pf 102, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Kozlov MV, Zhu J, Philipp P, Francke W, Zvereva EL, Hansson BS, Löfstedt C. Pheromone specificity inEriocrania semipurpurella (Stephens) andE. sangii (Wood) (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) based on chirality of semiochemicals. J Chem Ecol 2013; 22:431-54. [PMID: 24227484 DOI: 10.1007/bf02033647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/1995] [Accepted: 11/03/1995] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fifth abdominal segment of femaleEriocrania semipurpurella (Stephens) andE. sangii (Wood) contains a pair of exocrine glands. Hexane extracts of this segment were prepared from both species and analyzed by gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (EAD). For both species, the EAD active peaks were identified as nonan-2-one, (Z)-6-nonen-2-one, and (Z)-6-nonen-2-ol by means of mass spectrometry and comparison of retention indices with those of synthetic standards. Enantiomeric separation of chiral alcohols from the female extracts was achieved by gas chromatographic analysis on a cyclodextrin column. InE. semipurpurella, a mixture of (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol and (2R,6Z)-nonen-2-ol (2: I) was found, whereas inE. sangii (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol was the predominant enantiomer and only traces of theR enantiomer were indicated by the antennal response. In field tests, a blend of the three compounds was not attractive to conspecific males. A subtractive assay showed that the alcohol in various enantiomeric mixtures was the only attractive compound, whereas addition of (Z)-6-nonen-2-one to the alcohol completely inhibited the attraction of both species. A trapping experiment including a wide range of ratios between theR andS enantiomers showed that baits containing 95-100% of theS enantiomer were attractive to maleE. sangii, whereas males ofE. semipurpurella were attracted to all tested ratios of the enantiomers. However, the response profiles of maleE. semipurpurella differed between populations from southern Sweden, south Finland, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. In south Sweden males were maximally attracted to a racemic mixture of the alcohols. At the Kola PeninsulaE. semipurpurella was attracted to baits containing 95-100% of theR enantiomer. In south Finland all tested ratios between 0 and 100%R enantiomer trappedE. semipurpurella, but the trap catches appeared to be bimodally distributed with peaks around 15 and 70%R enantiomer. The trapping results suggest the existence of pheromone races or sibling species among the specimens identified asE. semipurpurella.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kozlov
- Laboratory of Ecological Zoology Biological Faculty, University of Turku, FIN-20500, Turku, Finland
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Jaramillo J, Torto B, Mwenda D, Troeger A, Borgemeister C, Poehling HM, Francke W. Coffee berry borer joins bark beetles in coffee klatch. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74277. [PMID: 24073204 PMCID: PMC3779205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unanswered key questions in bark beetle-plant interactions concern host finding in species attacking angiosperms in tropical zones and whether management strategies based on chemical signaling used for their conifer-attacking temperate relatives may also be applied in the tropics. We hypothesized that there should be a common link in chemical signaling mediating host location by these Scolytids. Using laboratory behavioral assays and chemical analysis we demonstrate that the yellow-orange exocarp stage of coffee berries, which attracts the coffee berry borer, releases relatively high amounts of volatiles including conophthorin, chalcogran, frontalin and sulcatone that are typically associated with Scolytinae chemical ecology. The green stage of the berry produces a much less complex bouquet containing small amounts of conophthorin but no other compounds known as bark beetle semiochemicals. In behavioral assays, the coffee berry borer was attracted to the spiroacetals conophthorin and chalcogran, but avoided the monoterpenes verbenone and α-pinene, demonstrating that, as in their conifer-attacking relatives in temperate zones, the use of host and non-host volatiles is also critical in host finding by tropical species. We speculate that microorganisms formed a common basis for the establishment of crucial chemical signals comprising inter- and intraspecific communication systems in both temperate- and tropical-occurring bark beetles attacking gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Jaramillo
- Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dickson Mwenda
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Armin Troeger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Michael Poehling
- Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Byers JA, Birgersson G, Francke W. Aggregation pheromones of bark beetles, Pityogenes quadridens and P. bidentatus, colonizing Scotch pine: olfactory avoidance of interspecific mating and competition. CHEMOECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-013-0139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brasch J, Horter F, Fritsch D, Beck-Jendroschek V, Tröger A, Francke W. Acyclic sesquiterpenes released byCandida albicansinhibit growth of dermatophytes. Med Mycol 2013; 52:46-55. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.814174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reichle C, Aguilar I, Ayasse M, Twele R, Francke W, Jarau S. Learnt information in species-specific ‘trail pheromone’ communication in stingless bees. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Hilgraf R, Zimmermann N, Lehmann L, Tröger A, Francke W. Stereoselective synthesis of trans-fused iridoid lactones and their identification in the parasitoid wasp Alloxysta victrix, Part II: Iridomyrmecins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1256-64. [PMID: 23019456 PMCID: PMC3458746 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following our earlier approach to the synthesis of dihydronepetalactones, all eight stereoisomers of trans-fused iridomyrmecins were synthesized starting from the enantiomers of limonene. Combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry including enantioselective gas chromatography revealed that volatiles released by the endohyperparasitoid wasp Alloxysta victrix contain (4S,4aR,7S,7aR)-iridomyrmecin of 95–97% ee and stereochemically pure (4S,4aS,7R,7aS)-iridomyrmecin as a minor component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hilgraf
- Department of Chemistry - Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Zimmermann N, Hilgraf R, Lehmann L, Ibarra D, Francke W. Stereoselective synthesis of trans-fused iridoid lactones and their identification in the parasitoid wasp Alloxysta victrix, Part I: Dihydronepetalactones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1246-55. [PMID: 23019455 PMCID: PMC3458745 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the enantiomers of limonene, all eight stereoisomers of trans-fused dihydronepetalactones were synthesized. Key compounds were pure stereoisomers of 1-acetoxymethyl-2-methyl-5-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1-cyclopentene. The stereogenic center of limonene was retained at position 4a of the target compounds and used to stereoselectively control the introduction of the other chiral centers during the synthesis. Basically, this approach could also be used for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure trans-fused iridomyrmecins. Using synthetic reference samples, the combination of enantioselective gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that volatiles released by the endohyperparasitoid wasp Alloxysta victrix contain the enantiomerically pure trans-fused (4R,4aR,7R,7aS)-dihydronepetalactone as a minor component, showing an unusual (R)-configured stereogenic center at position 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry - Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Weise T, Kai M, Gummesson A, Troeger A, von Reuß S, Piepenborn S, Kosterka F, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R, Francke W, Piechulla B. Volatile organic compounds produced by the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:579-96. [PMID: 22563356 PMCID: PMC3343284 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris is a phytopathogenic bacterium and causes many diseases of agricultural relevance. Volatiles were shown to be important in inter- and intraorganismic attraction and defense reactions. Recently it became apparent that also bacteria emit a plethora of volatiles, which influence other organisms such as invertebrates, plants and fungi. As a first step to study volatile-based bacterial-plant interactions, the emission profile of Xanthomonas c. pv. vesicatoria 85-10 was determined by using GC/MS and PTR-MS techniques. More than 50 compounds were emitted by this species, the majority comprising ketones and methylketones. The structure of the dominant compound, 10-methylundecan-2-one, was assigned on the basis of its analytical data, obtained by GC/MS and verified by comparison of these data with those of a synthetic reference sample. Application of commercially available decan-2-one, undecan-2-one, dodecan-2-one, and the newly synthesized 10-methylundecan-2-one in bi-partite Petri dish bioassays revealed growth promotions in low quantities (0.01 to 10 μmol), whereas decan-2-one at 100 μmol caused growth inhibitions of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Volatile emission profiles of the bacteria were different for growth on media (nutrient broth) with or without glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Weise
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Kreuter K, Bunk E, Lückemeyer A, Twele R, Francke W, Ayasse M. How the social parasitic bumblebee Bombus bohemicus sneaks into power of reproduction. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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41
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Mess A, Vietzke JP, Rapp C, Francke W. Qualitative Analysis of Tackifier Resins in Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7323-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2011608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Mess
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, D-20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudius Rapp
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, D-20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Ayasse M, Stökl J, Francke W. Chemical ecology and pollinator-driven speciation in sexually deceptive orchids. Phytochemistry 2011; 72:1667-1677. [PMID: 21497864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sexually deceptive orchids mimic females of their pollinator species to attract male insects for pollination. Pollination by sexual deception has independently evolved in European, Australian, South African, and South American orchid taxa. Reproductive isolation is mainly based on pre-mating isolation barriers, the specific attraction of males of a single pollinator species, mostly bees, by mimicking the female species-specific sex-pheromone. However, in rare cases post-mating barriers have been found. Sexually deceptive orchids are ideal candidates for studies of sympatric speciation, because key adaptive traits such as the pollinator-attracting scent are associated with their reproductive success and with pre-mating isolation. During the last two decades several investigations studied processes of ecological speciation in sexually deceptive orchids of Europe and Australia. Using various methods like behavioural experiments, chemical, electrophysiological, and population-genetic analyses it was shown that minor changes in floral odour bouquets might be the driving force for pollinator shifts and speciation events. New pollinators act as an isolation barrier towards other sympatrically occurring species. Hybridization occurs because of similar odour bouquets of species and the overlap of flowering periods. Hybrid speciation can also lead to the displacement of species by the hybrid population, if its reproductive success is higher than that in the parental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Ayasse
- Institute for Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany.
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Gögler J, Twele R, Francke W, Ayasse M. Two phylogenetically distinct species of sexually deceptive orchids mimic the sex pheromone of their single common pollinator, the cuckoo bumblebee Bombus vestalis. CHEMOECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-011-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marques FA, Zaleski SRM, Lazzari SMN, Frensch G, Senhorini GA, Maia BHLNS, Tröger A, Francke W, Iede ET, Mori K. Identification of (1R, 2S)-grandisal and (1R, 2S)-grandisol in Pissodes castaneus male-produced volatiles: evidence of a sex pheromone. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532011000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bohman B, Tröger A, Franke S, Lorenzo MG, Francke W, Unelius CR. Structure elucidation and synthesis of dioxolanes emitted by two Triatoma species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Nat Prod 2011; 74:690-694. [PMID: 21486009 DOI: 10.1021/np100748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Volatiles from the metasternal glands of two species of true bugs of the Triatominae subfamily, Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans, were analyzed by SPME-GC/MS. Two sets of new natural products were found: (4S,5S)- and (4R,5R)-2,2,4-triethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (1) (major component) and (4S*,5S*)-2,4-diethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (2) (trace component), (2R/S,4S,5S)- as well as (2R/S,4R,5R)-4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (3) (minor component), (2R/S,4S*,5S*)-4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(1-methylpropyl)-1,3-dioxolane (4) (trace component), and (2R/S,4S*,5S*)-4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3-dioxolane (5) (trace component). Syntheses of optically active 1 and 3 were carried out by reacting pure enantiomers of 2,3-pentanediol with 3-pentanone or 2-methylpropanal. The preparation of pure stereoisomers of 2,3-pentanediol involved a novel key step for the synthesis of secondary alcohols: the reduction of a carboxylic ester by means of DIBAH and in situ alkylation of the intermediate by Grignard reaction at low temperature. Starting from the pure enantiomers of methyl lactate, all four stereoisomers of 2,3-pentanediol were synthesized and transformed to the corresponding isomers of 1 and 2. Relative configurations of the natural products and enantiomeric compositions of naturally occurring 1 and 2 were determined by comparison of their mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention times (co-injection) with those of authentic reference samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bohman
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Abstract
Females are often thought to use several cues and more than one modality in selection of a mate, possibly because they offer complementary information on a mate's suitability. In the red mason bee, Osmia rufa, we investigated the criteria a female uses to choose a mating partner. We hypothesized that the female uses male thorax vibrations and size as signs of male viability and male odor for kin discrimination and assessment of genetic relatedness. We therefore compared males that had been accepted by a female for copulation with those rejected, in terms of their size, their immediate precopulatory vibrations (using laser vibrometry), the genetic relatedness of unmated and mated pairs (using microsatellite markers) and emitted volatiles (using chemical analyses). Females showed a preference for intermediate-sized males that were slightly larger than the modal male size. Furthermore, male precopulatory vibration burst duration was significantly longer in males accepted for copulation compared with rejected males. Vibrations may indicate vigor and assure that males selected by females are metabolically active and healthy. Females preferentially copulated with males that were genetically more closely related, possibly to avoid outbreeding depression. Volatiles of the cuticular surface differed significantly between accepted and rejected males in the relative amounts of certain hydrocarbons, although the relationship between male odor and female preference was complex. Females may therefore also use differences in odor bouquet to select among males. Our investigations show that O. rufa females appear to use multiple cues in selecting a male. Future investigations are needed to demonstrate whether odor plays a role in kin recognition and how the multiple cues are integrated in mate choice by females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Conrad
- Department of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Unelius CR, Bohman B, Lorenzo MG, Tröger A, Franke S, Francke W. (4S,5S)-2,2,4-Triethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolane: A New Volatile Released by a Triatomine Bug. Org Lett 2010; 12:5601-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102165q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Peakall R, Ebert D, Poldy J, Barrow RA, Francke W, Bower CC, Schiestl FP. Pollinator specificity, floral odour chemistry and the phylogeny of Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids: implications for pollinator-driven speciation. New Phytol 2010; 188:437-450. [PMID: 20561345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
• Sexually deceptive orchids are predicted to represent a special case of plant speciation where strong reproductive isolation may be achieved by differences in floral scent. • In this study of Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids, we performed choice experiments to test for wasp pollinator specificity in the field; identified the compounds involved in pollinator attraction by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS), chemical synthesis and behavioural bioassays; and mapped our chemical findings on to a phylogeny of the orchids. • Field experiments confirmed pollination is a highly specific interaction, but also revealed a pool of nonpollinating 'minor responder' wasps. Six novel compounds, all 2,5-dialkylcyclohexan-1,3-diones, called 'chiloglottones', were discovered to be involved in pollinator attraction. Bioassays confirmed that pollinator specificity has a strong chemical basis, with specificity among sympatric orchids maintained by either different single compounds or a variation in a blend of two compounds. The phylogenetic overlay confirmed that speciation is always associated with pollinator switching and usually underpinned by chemical change. • If the chemical differences that control reproductive isolation in Chiloglottis have a strong genetic basis, and given the confirmed pool of potential pollinators, we conclude that pollinator-driven speciation appears highly plausible in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Peakall
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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49
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Zarbin PHG, Moreira MAB, Haftmann J, Tröger A, Franke S, Kopf J, Mori K, Francke W. (1R,2S,6R)-2-Hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane, a new volatile released by males of the papaya borer Pseudopiazurus obesus (Col.: Curculionidae). Org Lett 2010; 12:2447-9. [PMID: 20465270 DOI: 10.1021/ol100074q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex-specific volatiles produced by males of the papaya beetle Pseudopiazurus obesus are (1R,2S)-grandisal (1), (1R,2S)-grandisol (2), and the new (1R,2S,6R)-2-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane (3) termed papayanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H G Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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50
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Kreuter K, Twele R, Francke W, Ayasse M. Specialist Bombus vestalis and generalist Bombus bohemicus use different odour cues to find their host Bombus terrestris. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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