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Dinsmore SJ, Vanausdall RA, Murphy KT, Kinkead KE, Frese PW. Patterns of Monarch Site Occupancy and Dynamics in Iowa. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Burr SJ, McCullough DG, Poland TM. Density of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Adults and Larvae at Three Stages of the Invasion Wave. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:121-132. [PMID: 29346533 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding buprestid, has killed hundreds of millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in the United States and two Canadian provinces. We evaluated EAB persistence in post-invasion sites and compared EAB adult captures and larval densities in 24 forested sites across an east-west gradient in southern Michigan representing the Core (post-invasion), Crest (high EAB populations), and Cusp (recently infested areas) of the EAB invasion wave. Condition of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) trees were recorded in fixed radius plots and linear transects in each site. Ash mortality was highest in Core sites in the southeast, moderate in Crest sites in central southern Michigan, and low in Cusp sites in the southwest. Traps and trap trees in Crest sites accounted for 75 and 60% of all EAB beetles captured in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Populations of EAB were present in all Core sites and traps in these sites captured 13% of all beetles each year. Beetle captures and larval densities at Cusp sites roughly doubled between 2010 and 2011, reflecting the increasing EAB populations. Sticky bands on girdled trees captured the highest density of EAB beetles per m2 of area, while baited double-decker traps had the highest detection rates and captured the most beetles. Larval densities were higher on girdled ash than on similar ungirdled trees and small planted trees. Woodpecker predation and a native larval parasitoid were present in all three invasion regions but had minor effects on ash survival and EAB densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Burr
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI
| | - Deborah G McCullough
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Therese M Poland
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Ste. F East Lansing, MI
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Siegert NW, McCullough DG, Poland TM, Heyd RL. Optimizing Use of Girdled Ash Trees for Management of Low-Density Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Populations. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1096-1106. [PMID: 28379445 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective survey methods to detect and monitor recently established, low-density infestations of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), remain a high priority because they provide land managers and property owners with time to implement tactics to slow emerald ash borer population growth and the progression of ash mortality. We evaluated options for using girdled ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees for emerald ash borer detection and management in a low-density infestation in a forested area with abundant green ash (F. pennsylvanica). Across replicated 4-ha plots, we compared detection efficiency of 4 versus 16 evenly distributed girdled ash trees and between clusters of 3 versus 12 girdled trees. We also examined within-tree larval distribution in 208 girdled and nongirdled trees and assessed adult emerald ash borer emergence from detection trees felled 11 mo after girdling and left on site. Overall, current-year larvae were present in 85-97% of girdled trees and 57-72% of nongirdled trees, and larval density was 2-5 times greater on girdled than nongirdled trees. Low-density emerald ash borer infestations were readily detected with four girdled trees per 4-ha, and 3-tree clusters were as effective as 12-tree clusters. Larval densities were greatest 0.5 ± 0.4 m below the base of the canopy in girdled trees and 1.3 ± 0.7 m above the canopy base in nongirdled trees. Relatively few adult emerald ash borer emerged from trees felled 11 mo after girdling and left on site through the following summer, suggesting removal or destruction of girdled ash trees may be unnecessary. This could potentially reduce survey costs, particularly in forested areas with poor accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Siegert
- US Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, 271 Mast Rd., Durham, NH 03824 ( )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Deborah G McCullough
- Department of Entomology and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Bldg., 288 Farm Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Therese M Poland
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3101 Technology Blvd., Suite F, Lansing, MI 48910
| | - Robert L Heyd
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1990?US-41 South, Marquette, MI 49855
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Greggor AL, Berger-Tal O, Blumstein DT, Angeloni L, Bessa-Gomes C, Blackwell BF, St Clair CC, Crooks K, de Silva S, Fernández-Juricic E, Goldenberg SZ, Mesnick SL, Owen M, Price CJ, Saltz D, Schell CJ, Suarez AV, Swaisgood RR, Winchell CS, Sutherland WJ. Research Priorities from Animal Behaviour for Maximising Conservation Progress. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:953-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Falcone CE, Cooks RG. Molecular recognition of emerald ash borer infestation using leaf spray mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1304-1312. [PMID: 27173112 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The introduction of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) (EAB) from Asia to Michigan, USA, in the 1990s caused the widespread death of ash trees in two Canadian provinces and 24 US states. The three current methods for the detection of emerald ash borer infestation, visual surveys, tree girdling and artificial traps, can be unreliable, and there is clearly a need for a rapid, dependable technique for the detection of emerald ash borer infestation. METHODS Leaf spray, an ambient ionization method for mass spectrometry (MS), gives direct chemical information on a leaf sample by applying a high voltage to a naturally or artificially sharply pointed leaf piece causing ions to be generated directly from the leaf tip for MS analysis. RESULTS Leaflets from 23 healthy and EAB-infested ash trees were analyzed by leaf spray mass spectrometry in an attempt to distinguish healthy and EAB-infested ash trees. In negative ion mode, healthy ash trees showed an increased abundance of ions m/z 455.5, 471.5 and 487.5, and ash trees infested with the EAB displayed an increased abundance of ions m/z 181 and 217. The identities of the chemical discriminators ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in healthy ash trees, and six-carbon sugar alcohols in infested ash trees, were determined by tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed with standards. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that leaf spray mass spectrometry of ash tree leaflets provides a potential tool for the early detection of ash tree infestation by the emerald ash borer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Falcone
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Ryall KL, Silk PJ, Fidgen J, Mayo P, Lavallée R, Guertin C, Scarr T. Effects of Pheromone Release Rate and Trap Placement on Trapping of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:734-745. [PMID: 26313980 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating insect pest in its introduced range. A trapping system that increases trap catches or detection rates in low-density populations would be beneficial for survey programs. Five trapping experiments were conducted to investigate factors influencing capture rates of male beetles on dark green traps baited with the A. planipennis pheromone, (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)-lactone), plus the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Low doses (0.001-1.0 mg) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol did not consistently increase captures of male A. planipennis. In other experiments, mean captures of males were significantly higher on traps baited with a moderate dose (3.0 mg/septum) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol, compared with lower doses (0.001, 0.1, and 1.0 mg) or (3Z)-hexenol alone. Next, we demonstrated that addition of (3Z)-lactone to traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol resulted in significantly greater increases in male captures when pairs of traps were placed on the same tree, than when traps were placed on adjacent trees. Moreover, significantly more A. planipennis were captured on pheromone-baited traps placed in the southern versus northern aspect of the crown. These results highlight the importance of experimental set-up for elucidating lure treatment effects and also suggests the (3Z)-lactone may be more active at close range. Our findings increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of this species and lend support toward the use of dark green traps baited with 3.0 mg (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol deployed in the south aspect of the canopy for detection programs for this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Ryall
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Peter J Silk
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Jeff Fidgen
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Peter Mayo
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Robert Lavallée
- Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du PEPS, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Claude Guertin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Taylor Scarr
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Management Branch, 70 Foster Drive, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 6V5, Canada
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Siegert NW, McCullough DG, Liebhold AM, Telewski FW. Dendrochronological reconstruction of the epicentre and early spread of emerald ash borer in North America. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Siegert
- Departments of Entomology and Forestry; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824-1115 USA
| | - Deborah G. McCullough
- Departments of Entomology and Forestry; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824-1115 USA
| | | | - Frank W. Telewski
- Department of Plant Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA
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Poland TM, Mccullough DG. Comparison of trap types and colors for capturing emerald ash borer adults at different population densities. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:157-170. [PMID: 24398125 DOI: 10.1603/en13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Results of numerous trials to evaluate artificial trap designs and lures for detection of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, the emerald ash borer, have yielded inconsistent results, possibly because of different A. planipennis population densities in the field sites. In 2010 and 2011, we compared 1) green canopy traps, 2) purple canopy traps, 3) green double-decker traps, and 4) purple double-decker traps in sites representing a range of A. planipennis infestation levels. Traps were baited with cis-3-hexenol in both years, plus an 80:20 mixture of Manuka and Phoebe oil (2010) or Manuka oil alone (2011). Condition of trees bearing canopy traps, A. planipennis infestation level of trees in the vicinity of traps, and number of A. planipennis captured per trap differed among sites in both years. Overall in both years, more females, males, and beetles of both sexes were captured on double-decker traps than canopy traps, and more beetles of both sexes (2010) or females (2011) were captured on purple traps than green traps. In 2010, detection rates were higher for purple (100%) and green double-decker traps (100%) than for purple (82%) or green canopy traps (64%) at sites with very low to low A. planipennis infestation levels. Captures of A. planipennis on canopy traps consistently increased with the infestation level of the canopy trap-bearing trees. Differences among trap types were most pronounced at sites with low A. planipennis densities, where more beetles were captured on purple double-decker traps than on green canopy traps in both years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M Poland
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1407 S. Harrison Rd, Rm. 220, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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Herms DA, McCullough DG. Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 59:13-30. [PMID: 24112110 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since its accidental introduction from Asia, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has killed millions of ash trees in North America. As it continues to spread, it could functionally extirpate ash with devastating economic and ecological impacts. Little was known about EAB when it was first discovered in North America in 2002, but substantial advances in understanding of EAB biology, ecology, and management have occurred since. Ash species indigenous to China are generally resistant to EAB and may eventually provide resistance genes for introgression into North American species. EAB is characterized by stratified dispersal resulting from natural and human-assisted spread, and substantial effort has been devoted to the development of survey methods. Early eradication efforts were abandoned largely because of the difficulty of detecting and delineating infestations. Current management is focused on biological control, insecticide protection of high-value trees, and integrated efforts to slow ash mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Herms
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691;
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Mercader RJ, McCullough DG, Bedford JM. A comparison of girdled ash detection trees and baited artificial traps for Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) detection. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:1027-1039. [PMID: 24331612 DOI: 10.1603/en12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of newly established populations of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, the most destructive forest insect to invade the United States, remains challenging. Regulatory agencies currently rely on artificial traps, consisting of baited three-sided panels suspended in the canopy of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Detection trees represent another survey option. Ash trees are girdled in spring to attract ovipositing A. planipennis females then debarked in fall to assess larval presence and density. From 2008-2010, systematic grids of detection trees and artificial traps were established across a 390-km(2) area for the SLow Ash Mortality pilot project. We compared probabilities of detection associated with detection trees and artificial traps along varying A. planipennis density proxies estimated as distance-weighted averages of larval counts (detection trees) or adult captures (traps) within 800 m of each detection tree or trap. Detection trees were consistently more likely to be positive, that is, detect A. planipennis, than traps in all three years, even when traps were placed in canopies of detection trees. Probability of detection with a single detection tree was >50% when density proxies for the area were <5 larvae per detection tree, while the probability of detection with an artificial trap placed in the same area was <35%, even when density proxies exceeded 25 larvae per detection tree. At very low densities of <5 larvae per detection tree, using three detection trees would increase detection probabilities to 90%, while five artificial traps would increase the detection probability only to 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J Mercader
- Department of Biology, 1700 SW College Ave., Washburn University, Topeka, KS 66621, USA
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