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He Y, Lv B, Chao Y, Tang YE, Wang J, Wang Z, Peng YD. Influence of Cry1Ab protein on growth and development of a predatory spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, from protective perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115799. [PMID: 38070414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The expression of Cry proteins in genetically modified rice varieties safeguards the crop from lepidopteran pests. These proteins have the potential to be transferred through the food chain to arthropods like planthoppers and predatory spiders, triggering defensive responses in these unintended organisms. Hence, we hypothesized that Cry protein might influence the growth and development of spiders by altering protective enzyme activities. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein could accumulate in tissues and subcellular organelles of Pardosa pseudoannulata from Nilaparvata lugens. Cry1Ab protein exposure prolonged the developmental duration in the 5th and 7th instar spiderlings but induced no alterations of other growth indicators, such as body length, median ocular area, and survival rate. In addition, Cry1Ab protein exerted no adverse impacts on several detoxifying enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholine esterase) in muscle, midgut, ganglia, and hemolymph at subcellular components (i.e., microsome and cytoplasm). To further explore the effects of Cry1Ab protein on the spiderlings, we performed an integrated transcriptome analysis on spiderlings exposed to Cry1Ab protein. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein might prolong the development duration of P. pseudoannulata via the altered cuticle metabolism (e.g., chitin metabolic process and structural constituent of cuticle). In addition, the gene expression profile associated with detoxifying enzymes and three stress-responsive pathways (JAK/STAT, JNK/SAPK, and Hippo pathways) also displayed no significant alterations under Cry1Ab exposure. Collectively, this integrated analysis generates multidimensional insights to assess the effects of Cry1Ab protein on non-target spiders and demonstrates that Cry1Ab protein exerts no toxicity in P. pseudoannulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yinying Chao
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-E Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
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Peng Y, Lv B, Lei ZY, Peng YD, Chen LJ, Wang Z. Toxic effects of the combined cadmium and Cry1Ab protein exposure on the protective and transcriptomic responses of Pirata subpiraticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113631. [PMID: 35598445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to agricultural production and paddy field fauna. Crystalline proteins (e.g., Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac) are secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis, which can manage pests via a complicated toxic mechanism and have been widely used for pest control due to the commercialization of transgenic crops (e.g., cotton and rice) that expresses Bt insecticidal proteins. Nonetheless, studies on the effects of combined stress of Cd and Cry1Ab protein on field indicator species are limited. In the present study, we showed that spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, fed with Cd-containing flies+Cry1Ab had dramatically higher Cd accumulation than that in the spiders fed with Cd-containing flies (p < 0.05). In addition, the enrichment of Cd led to the activation of the protective mechanism by elevating the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and metallothionein in the spiders (p < 0.05). An in-depth transcriptome analysis revealed that the activities of ion metal binding proteins, transporters, and channels might play essential roles in the Cd accumulation process. More importantly, the higher Cd concentration in the combined Cd+Cry1Ab exposure prolonged developmental duration of P. subpiraticus, due to the down-regulated cuticle proteins (CPs) encoding genes involved in the molting process, which was regulated by a series of putative transcriptional factors such as ZBTB and zf-C2H2. Collectively, this integrated analysis illustrates that the combined Cd+Cry1Ab exposure increases the adverse effects of Cd stress on the growth, antioxidase, and CPs encoding genes of P. subpiraticus, thus providing a research basis and prospect for the rationality of transgenic Cry1Ab crops in the cultivation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China; Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China.
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3
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Guo M, Wang Z, Cai W, Hua H, Zhao J. Safety assessment of transgenic Cry2Aa rice to a generalist predator, Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110719. [PMID: 32460046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal crystal proteins of Cry2A family from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are important candidate proteins expressed in gene pyramiding Bt crops. A transgenic rice line (T2A-1) harboring a synthetic Cry2A* (Cry2Aa) gene showed effective resistance to some lepidopteran rice pests. As a generalist predator in rice ecosystems, the rove beetle (Paederus fuscipes) can prey on many rice insect pests such as planthoppers. Considering the possible exposure of Cry2Aa to P. fuscipes through tritrophic food chain, it is necessary to assess the potential risks of T2A-1 rice to this predator. In this study, a tritrophic experiment was conducted to assess the prey-mediated effects of Cry2Aa on P. fuscipes through the T2A-1 rice-Nilaparvata lugens-P. fuscipes food chain. After preying on N. lugens nymphs reared on T2A-1, no accumulated Cry2Aa could be detected in P. fuscipes adults, despite Cry2Aa being detected in N. lugens. In addition, no harmful effects were detected on the life table parameters of P. fuscipes in this tritrophic chain. Additionally, direct exposure to a high dose of purified Cry2Aa protein, representing the worst case scenario, showed no significant adverse effects on the development of P. fuscipes. These results showed that transgenic Cry2Aa rice had no harmful effects on P. fuscipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjian Guo
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanlun Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Tian JC, Wang GW, Han HL, Romeis J, Zhang FC, Ye GY, Xie MC, Wang GY, Lu ZX. The rice planthopper parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae is not at risk when feeding on honeydew derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1854-1860. [PMID: 29427309 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honeydew is a sugar-rich excretion produced by sap-feeding Sternorrhyncha and is an important source of carbohydrates for natural enemies, especially for parasitoids. Honeydew derived from genetically modified (GM) crops can contain amounts of the transgene product. Thus, it is a possible route of exposure for natural enemies feeding on honeydew. In the present study, the potential effects of Nilaparvata lugens honeydew derived from Cry1C and Cry2A rice on different life-table parameters and parasitism dynamics of the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Furthermore, the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) levels and the sugar and amino acid composition of honeydew were analyzed. RESULTS Results indicated that A. nilaparvatae was exposed to Bt proteins by feeding on N. lugens honeydew produced from Bt rice. However, honeydew derived from the tested Cry1C and Cry2A rice lines did not affect the development, longevity, emergence rate and fecundity of A. nilaparvatae. Also, the parasitism dynamics in the field remained unaffected. In addition, the sugar and amino acid composition of N. lugens honeydew was not significantly altered for the tested Bt rice lines compared with the parental non-Bt plant. CONCLUSION The quality of honeydew derived from the tested Bt rice lines as a food resource for natural enemies was maintained. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ce Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Geng-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Liang Han
- Experimental Station of Mid-Zhejiang Area, Dongyang Institute of Maize, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Gui-Yue Wang
- Experimental Station of Mid-Zhejiang Area, Dongyang Institute of Maize, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Zhong-Xian Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Yang L, Yang Y, Jin W, Zhang X, Li X, Wu Y, Li J, Li L. Development and Interlaboratories Validation of Event-Specific Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method for Genetically Modified Rice G6H1 Event. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8179-8186. [PMID: 29985602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transgenic rice G6H1 was a new event with the traits of herbicide-tolerance and insect-resistant. Herein, we developed one event-specific real-time PCR method with high specificity and sensitivity for G6H1 event quantitative analysis, and validated its performance on practical samples quantification through a collaborative ring trial. A total of eight laboratories participated in this validation and quantified three blind G6H1 powder samples including DNA extraction and real-time PCR analysis. The statistically analyzed results from returned data confirmed its high PCR efficiency and good linearity, trueness, and precision, indicating that the developed G6H1 real-time PCR assay was accurate, reliable, and comparable for G6H1 identification and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Wujun Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiujie Zhang
- Development Center of Science and Technology , Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China , Beijing 100025 , China
| | - Xiaying Li
- Development Center of Science and Technology , Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China , Beijing 100025 , China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Xudong Second Road , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Xudong Second Road , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
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6
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Liang Y, Liu F, Li J, Cheng Z, Chen H, Wang X, Xiao N, Liu Y. Coexistence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic and conventional rice affects insect abundance and plant fitness in fields. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1646-1653. [PMID: 29318739 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated worldwide, concerns are emerging about the ecological consequences of the coexistence of transgenic and non-transgenic crops in fields. We first conducted field experiments using insect-resistant transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-transgenic rice) and its counterpart conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.) with or without insecticide spraying in 2013 and 2014. In 2015 and 2016, Bt-transgenic and conventional rice plants were employed in pure and mixed cages, with an infestation of the target insect (Chilo suppressalis) and with insecticide spraying as the control treatment to prevent target insect infestation. RESULTS The presence of Bt-transgenic rice decreased the abundance of target insects but did not affect non-target insects and predators in fields. Compared with conventional rice, Bt-transgenic rice showed more empty seeds but comparable seed production in cages. The infestation of target insects significantly decreased the plant fitness of conventional rice in pure cages, but did not affect its fitness when conventional rice coexisted with Bt-transgenic rice. In mixed cages, the presence of Bt-transgenic rice decreased the abundance of target insects and the percentage of dead sheaths in conventional rice. CONCLUSION The presence of Bt-transgenic rice benefits the growth and reproduction of non-transgenic rice in fields because of a decreased abundance of target insects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxin Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongfan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Dayu, Ganzhou, China
| | - Nengwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Yang Y, Li L, Yang H, Li X, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhang D, Jin W, Yang L. Development of Certified Matrix-Based Reference Material as a Calibrator for Genetically Modified Rice G6H1 Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3708-3715. [PMID: 29584422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accurate monitoring and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are key points for the implementation of labeling regulations, and a certified reference material (CRM) acts as the scaleplate for quantifying the GM contents of foods/feeds and evaluating a GMO analytical method or equipment. Herein we developed a series of CRMs for transgenic rice event G6H1, which possesses insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant traits. Three G6H1 CRMs were produced by mixing seed powders obtained from homozygous G6H1 and its recipient cultivar Xiushui 110 at mass ratios of 49.825%, 9.967%, and 4.986%. The between-bottle homogeneity and within-bottle homogeneity were thoroughly evaluated with consistent results. The potential DNA degradation in transportation and shelf life were evaluated with an expiration period of at least 12 months. The property values of three CRMs (G6H1a, G6H1b, G6H1c) were given as (49.825 ± 0.448) g/kg, (9.967 ± 1.757) g/kg, and (4.986 ± 1.274 g/kg based on mass fraction ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the three CRMs were characterized with values of (5.01 ± 0.08)%, (1.06 ± 0.22)%, and (0.53 ± 0.11)% based on the copy number ratio using the droplet digital PCR method. All results confirmed that the produced G6H1 matrix-based CRMs are of high quality with precise characterization values and can be used as calibrators in GM rice G6H1 inspection and monitoring and in evaluating new analytical methods or devices targeting the G6H1 event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Liang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xiaying Li
- Development Center of Science and Technology , Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China , Beijing 100025 , China
| | - Xiujie Zhang
- Development Center of Science and Technology , Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China , Beijing 100025 , China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021 , China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Wujun Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Litao Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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Yang Y, Zhang B, Zhou X, Romeis J, Peng Y, Li Y. Toxicological and Biochemical Analyses Demonstrate the Absence of Lethal or Sublethal Effects of cry1C- or cry2A-Expressing Bt Rice on the Collembolan Folsomia candida. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:131. [PMID: 29467788 PMCID: PMC5808118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the potential effects of insect-resistant genetically engineered (GE) plants on collembolans is important because these common soil arthropods may be exposed to insecticidal proteins produced in GE plants by ingestion of plant residues, crop pollen, or root exudates. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-rice lines expressing Cry1C and Cry2A in pollen and leaves and of their non-Bt conventional isolines on the fitness of the collembolan Folsomia candida and on the activities of its antioxidant-related enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and of its detoxification-related enzymes, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Survival, development, reproduction, and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were not significantly reduced when F. candida fed on the Bt rice pollen or leaf powder than on the non-Bt rice materials; these parameters, however, were significantly reduced when F. candida fed on non-Bt rice pollen or non-Bt leaf-based diets containing the protease inhibitor E-64 at 75 μg/g. The activities of the antioxidant-related and detoxification-related enzymes in F. candida were not significantly affected when F. candida fed on the Bt rice materials, but were significantly increased when F. candida fed on the non-Bt rice materials containing E-64. The results demonstrate that Cry1C and Cry2A are not toxic to F. candida, and also indicate the absence of unintended effects on the collembolan caused by any change in plant tissue nutritional composition due to foreign gene transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Meissle M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Hua H, Chen X, Peng Y, Romeis J. Bt rice in China - focusing the nontarget risk assessment. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1340-1345. [PMID: 28278353 PMCID: PMC5595716 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bt rice can control yield losses caused by lepidopteran pests but may also harm nontarget species and reduce important ecosystem services. A comprehensive data set on herbivores, natural enemies, and their interactions in Chinese rice fields was compiled. This together with an analysis of the Cry protein content in arthropods collected from Bt rice in China indicated which nontarget species are most exposed to the insecticidal protein and should be the focus of regulatory risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongxia Hua
- College of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- AgroscopeBiosafety Research GroupZurichSwitzerland
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10
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Assessing the effects of Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice to Pseudogonatopus flavifemur, a parasitoid of rice planthoppers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7838. [PMID: 28798310 PMCID: PMC5552772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rice producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) could help protect the plants from damage by lepidopteran pests. However, one concern is the potential of Bt rice to harm non-target natural enemies, which play a vital role in pest control. In the present study, the potential effects of Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice on different life-table parameters and population dynamics of Pseudogonatopus flavifemur, a parasitoid of rice planthoppers, were evaluated under laboratory and field condition. The exposure of P. flavifemur to plant-produced Bt proteins was also analyzed. Results indicated that direct feeding on rice plants was the main exposure pathway of P. flavifemur to the Cry1C and Cry2A proteins. No significant difference on the development, survival, longevity, fecundity, and prey consumption of P. flavifemur was detected over two generations between the Bt and non-Bt rice treatments. Furthermore, the population dynamics of P. flavifemur were not affected by Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice. In conclusion, the tested Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice do not appear to harm the parasitoid P. flavifemur.
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11
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Dang C, Lu Z, Wang L, Chang X, Wang F, Yao H, Peng Y, Stanley D, Ye G. Does Bt rice pose risks to non-target arthropods? Results of a meta-analysis in China. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1047-1053. [PMID: 28111920 PMCID: PMC5506656 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Bt rice expressing the insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been developed since 1989. Their ecological risks towards non-target organisms have been investigated; however, these studies were conducted individually, yielding uncertainty regarding potential agroecological risks associated with large-scale deployment of Bt rice lines. Here, we developed a meta-analysis of the existing literature to synthesize current knowledge of the impacts of Bt rice on functional arthropod guilds, including herbivores, predators, parasitoids and detritivores in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory results indicate Bt rice did not influence survival rate and developmental duration of herbivores, although exposure to Bt rice led to reduced egg laying, which correctly predicted their reduced abundance in Bt rice agroecosystems. Similarly, consuming prey exposed to Bt protein did not influence survival, development or fecundity of predators, indicating constant abundances of predators in Bt rice fields. Compared to control agroecosystems, parasitoid populations decreased slightly in Bt rice cropping systems, while detritivores increased. We draw two inferences. One, laboratory studies of Bt rice showing effects on ecological functional groups are mainly either consistent with or more conservative than results of field studies, and two, Bt rice will pose negligible risks to the non-target functional guilds in future large-scale Bt rice agroecosystems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zengbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of Plant ProtectionShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuefei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research LaboratoryUSDA/Agricultural Research ServiceColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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12
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Niu L, Mannakkara A, Qiu L, Wang X, Hua H, Lei C, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Ma W. Transgenic Bt rice lines producing Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa or Cry1Ca have no detrimental effects on Brown Planthopper and Pond Wolf Spider. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1940. [PMID: 28512299 PMCID: PMC5434062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rice expressing cry genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt rice) is highly resistant to lepidopteran pests. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is the main non-target sap-sucking insect pest of Bt transgenic rice. The pond wolf spider (PWS, Pardosa pseudoannulata) is one of the most dominant predators of BPH in rice fields. Consequently, the safety evaluation of Bt rice on BPH and PWS should be conducted before commercialization. In the current study, two experiments were performed to assess the potential ecological effects of Bt rice on BPH and PWS: (1) a tritrophic experiment to evaluate the transmission of Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca protein in the food chain; and (2) binding assays of Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca to midgut brush border membrane proteins from BPH and PWS. Trace amounts of the three Cry proteins were detected in BPH feeding on Bt rice cultivars, but only Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa proteins could be transferred to PWS through feeding on BPH. In vitro binding of biotinylated Cry proteins and competition assays in midgut protein vesicles showed weak binding, and ligand blot analysis confirmed the binding specificity. Thus, we inferred that the tested Bt rice varieties have negligible effects on BPH and PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Amani Mannakkara
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, 81100, Sri Lanka
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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13
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Yang H, Peng Y, Tian J, Wang J, Hu J, Song Q, Wang Z. Review: biosafety assessment of Bt rice and other Bt crops using spiders as example for non-target arthropods in China. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:505-517. [PMID: 28210764 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin for pest control, the public debate regarding ecological and environmental risks as well as benefits of Bt crops has continued unabated. The impact of Bt crops, especially on non-target invertebrates, has received particular attention. In this review, we summarize and analyze evidences for non-target effects of Bt rice on spiders, major predators in rice fields. Bt rice has been genetically modified to express the Bt protein, which has been shown to be transferred and accumulate in spiders as part of their food chain. Moreover, the Bt protein exhibits unintended effects on the physiology of spiders and spreads to higher trophic levels. Spiders possess unique physiological and ecological characteristics, revealing traits of surrogate species, and are thus considered to be excellent non-target arthropod model systems for study of Bt protein impacts. Due to the complexities of Bt protein transfer and accumulation mechanisms, as well as the apparent lack of information about resulting physiological, biochemical, and ecological effects on spiders, we raise questions and provide recommendations for promising further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
- College of Orient Science & Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Jianxiang Tian
- College of Continuing Education, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jilin Hu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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14
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Wang F, Dang C, Chang X, Tian J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Ye G. Variation among conventional cultivars could be used as a criterion for environmental safety assessment of Bt rice on nontarget arthropods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41918. [PMID: 28167821 PMCID: PMC5294568 DOI: 10.1038/srep41918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The current difficulty facing risk evaluations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops on nontarget arthropods (NTAs) is the lack of criteria for determining what represents unacceptable risk. In this study, we investigated the biological parameters in the laboratory and field population abundance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two Bt rice lines and the non-Bt parent, together with 14 other conventional rice cultivars. Significant difference were found in nymphal duration and fecundity of N. lugens fed on Bt rice KMD2, as well as field population density on 12 October, compared with non-Bt parent. However, compared with the variation among conventional rice cultivars, the variation of each parameter between Bt rice and the non-Bt parent was much smaller, which can be easily seen from low-high bar graphs and also the coefficient of variation value (C.V). The variation among conventional cultivars is proposed to be used as a criterion for the safety assessment of Bt rice on NTAs, particularly when statistically significant differences in several parameters are found between Bt rice and its non-Bt parent. Coefficient of variation is suggested as a promising parameter for ecological risk judgement of IRGM rice on NTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zengbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Wang J, Peng Y, Xiao K, Wei B, Hu J, Wang Z, Song Q, Zhou X. Transcriptomic response of wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, to transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28100213 PMCID: PMC5241980 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillum thuringiensis (Bt) toxin produced in Cry1-expressing genetically modified rice (Bt rice) is highly effective to control lepidopteran pests, which reduces the needs for synthetic insecticides. Non-target organisms can be exposed to Bt toxins through direct feeding or trophic interactions in the field. The wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, one of the dominant predators in South China, plays a crucial role in the rice agroecosystem. In this study, we investigated transcriptome responses of the 5th instar spiders fed on preys maintained on Bt- and non-Bt rice. RESULTS Comparative transcriptome analysis resulted in 136 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between spiderlings preying upon N. lugens fed on Bt- and non-Bt rice (Bt- and non-Bt spiderlings). Functional analysis indicated a potential impact of Bt toxin on the formation of new cuticles during molting. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that GO terms associated with chitin or cuticle, including "chitin binding", "chitin metabolic process", "chitin synthase activity", "cuticle chitin biosynthetic process", "cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process", and "structural constituent of cuticle", and an array of amino acid metabolic pathways, including "alanine, asparatate and glutamate metabolism", "glycine, serine and theronine metabolism", "cysteine and methionine metabolism", "tyrosine metabolism", "phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine", and "tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis" were significantly influenced in response to Cry1Ab. CONCLUSIONS The Cry1Ab may have a negative impact on the formation of new cuticles during molting, which is contributed to the delayed development of spiderlings. To validate these transcriptomic responses, further examination at the translational level will be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bitechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Kaifu Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bitechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Baoyang Wei
- College of Bioscience and Bitechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jilin Hu
- College of Bioscience and Bitechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bitechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Peterson JA, Ode PJ, Oliveira-Hofman C, Harwood JD. Integration of Plant Defense Traits with Biological Control of Arthropod Pests: Challenges and Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1794. [PMID: 27965695 PMCID: PMC5129739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants exhibit a wide diversity of defensive traits and strategies to protect themselves from damage by herbivorous pests and disease. These defensive traits may be naturally occurring or artificially selected through crop breeding, including introduction via genetic engineering. While these traits can have obvious and direct impacts on herbivorous pests, many have profound effects on higher trophic levels, including the natural enemies of herbivores. Multi-trophic effects of host plant resistance have the potential to influence, both positively and negatively, biological control. Plant defense traits can influence both the numerical and functional responses of natural enemies; these interactions can be semiochemically, plant toxin-, plant nutrient-, and/or physically mediated. Case studies involving predators, parasitoids, and pathogens of crop pests will be presented and discussed. These diverse groups of natural enemies may respond differently to crop plant traits based on their own unique biology and the ecological niches they fill. Genetically modified crop plants that have been engineered to express transgenic products affecting herbivorous pests are an additional consideration. For the most part, transgenic plant incorporated protectant (PIP) traits are compatible with biological control due to their selective toxicity to targeted pests and relatively low non-target impacts, although transgenic crops may have indirect effects on higher trophic levels and arthropod communities mediated by lower host or prey number and/or quality. Host plant resistance and biological control are two of the key pillars of integrated pest management; their potential interactions, whether they are synergistic, complementary, or disruptive, are key in understanding and achieving sustainable and effective pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Peterson
- Department of Entomology, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, North PlatteNE, USA
| | - Paul J. Ode
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, USA
| | | | - James D. Harwood
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
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17
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Wang J, Peng YD, He C, Wei BY, Liang YS, Yang HL, Wang Z, Stanley D, Song QS. Cry1Ab-expressing rice did not influence expression of fecundity-related genes in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. Gene 2016; 592:1-7. [PMID: 27452121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin proteins on non-target predatory arthropods is not well understood at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we investigated the potential effects of Cry1Ab expressing rice on fecundity of the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, and some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that brown planthoppers (BPHs) reared on Cry1Ab-expressing rice accumulated the Cry toxin and that reproductive parameters (pre-oviposition period, post-oviposition stage, number of eggs, and egg hatching rate) of the spiders that consumed BPHs reared on Bt rice were not different from those that consumed BPHs reared on the non-Bt control rice. The accumulated Cry1Ab did not influence several vitellin (Vt) parameters, including stored energy and amino acid composition, during one generation. We considered the possibility that the Cry toxins exert their influence on beneficial predators via more subtle effects detectable at the molecular level in terms of gene expression. This led us to transcriptome analysis to detect differentially expressed genes in the ovaries of spiders exposed to dietary Cry1Ab and their counterpart control spiders. Eight genes, associated with vitellogenesis, vitellogenin receptor activity, and vitellin membrane formation were not differentially expressed between ovaries from the treated and control spiders, confirmed by qPCR analysis. We infer that dietary Cry1Ab expressing rice does not influence fecundity, nor expression levels of Vt-associated genes in P. pseudoannulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuan-De Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Chao He
- Longping College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410001,China
| | - Bao-Yang Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yun-Shan Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - David Stanley
- USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Ren SP, Yang F, Gao MQ, Pu DQ, Shi M, Ye GY, Shen ZC, Chen XX. Effects of Transgenic Bt Rice on Nontarget Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1090-1096. [PMID: 27389683 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of three transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice lines, KMD1, KMD2, and G8-7, on biological parameters and population dynamics of nontarget insect, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were investigated in the laboratory and field. No significant differences were found between Bt and non-Bt rice lines for aphid survival. The developmental time of R. maidis that fed on KMD1 and KMD2 did not differ significantly from those of the individuals feeding on the parental variety Xiushui11, but significantly prolonged developmental time was observed on G8-7 as compared with its parental variety Xiushui110. Aphid fecundity was significantly higher on Bt than on parental rice. A 2-yr field survey indicated that Bt rice did not significantly affect the population dynamics of R. maidis in comparison with non-Bt rice. Additionally, guttation droplets of Bt rice and aphids feeding on Bt rice were analyzed for presence of Cry1Ab using ELISA. No Cry1Ab protein was found in aphid adults feeding on Bt rice lines both in the laboratory and field. By using the guttation droplets from the top of rice seedlings, we designed a novel method to collect phloem sap, and found that relatively low concentrations were detected in the guttation droplets from Bt rice lines. In conclusion, although the Bt rice lines tested in this study stimulate the fecundity of R. maidis, the aphid population density did not increase in Bt rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Ming-Qing Gao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - De-Qiang Pu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Zhi-Cheng Shen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), and
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19
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Kim YJ, Lee JH, Harn CH, Kim CG. Transgenic Cabbage Expressing Cry1Ac1 Does Not Affect the Survival and Growth of the Wolf Spider, Pardosa astrigera L. Koch (Araneae: Lycosidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153395. [PMID: 27055120 PMCID: PMC4824485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both herbivores that consume transgenic crops and their predators can be exposed to insecticidal proteins expressed in those crops. We conducted a tritrophic bioassay to evaluate the ecotoxicological impacts that Bt cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) expressing Cry1Ac1 protein might have on the wolf spider (Pardosa astrigera), a non-target generalist predator. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays indicated that protein levels were 4.61 ng g-1 dry weight in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) fed with the transgenic cabbage and 1.86 ng g-1 dry weight in the wolf spiders that preyed upon them. We also compared the life history traits of spiders collected from Bt versus non-Bt cabbage and found no significant differences in their growth, survival, and developmental rates. Because Bt cabbage did not affect the growth of fruit flies, we conclude that any indirect effects that this crop had on the wolf spider were probably not mediated by prey quality. Therefore, exposure to Cry1Ac1 protein when feeding upon prey containing that substance from transgenic cabbage has only a negligible influence on those non-target predatory spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joong Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Entomology program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Lee
- Entomology program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chee Hark Harn
- R&D Headquarters, Nongwoo Bio Co., Yeoju 12648, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Lin S, Vasseur L, You MS. Seasonal Variability in Spider Assemblages in Traditional and Transgenic Rice Fields. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:537-546. [PMID: 26856757 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of Bt transgenic rice (or Bt rice) remains controversial in several countries, including China. Risk assessments are a prerequisite to confirm the safety of Bt rice for ecosystems before a commercial release. This study was conducted to compare the responses of spider assemblages to Bt rice and nontransgenic rice. Two experiments with different locations and times were conducted, and the data were analyzed using standard diversity indices and multivariate community analysis. With both analytical approaches, spider diversity and assemblage composition were not significantly different between Bt and non transgenic rice fields. However, based on principal component analyses, temporal (seasonal) variations occurred in the composition of the spider assemblage. In this study, Bt rice had no detrimental effects on the spider assemblages, although assemblage composition and species abundance varied during the growing season. This study demonstrated an advantage in using community assemblages and repeated sampling to compare fields over a growing season because changes in the assemblages, and more specifically for some species, not always the most dominant, may vary over time. To more accurately assess the changes in composition and structure of spider assemblages through time, particularly for those species that may require a longer period to detect a response, an increase in sampling effort and longer-term experiments might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lin
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Fuzhou 350002, China, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Fuzhou 350002, China, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Min-Sheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Fuzhou 350002, China, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China,
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Lu Z, Dang C, Han N, Shen Z, Peng Y, Stanley D, Ye G. The New Transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H Rice Poses No Unexpected Ecological Risks to Arthropod Communities in Rice Agroecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:518-525. [PMID: 26721297 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risks to nontarget organisms should be rigorously assessed before Bt crops are released. Here, the impacts of a new Cry1Ab/Vip3H rice line on arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems were evaluated across 3 yr. Arthropods collected via vacuum were sorted into five guilds. The abundance and proportion of each guild as well as community-level parameters were determined in Cry1Ab/Vip3H and control rice fields. Changes in arthropod species assemblage over sampling dates were investigated by principal response curves (PRCs). Cry1Ab/Vip3H rice did not exert significant impacts on the seasonal density and proportion of each guild, except parasitoids. Detritivore seasonal density, but not its relative abundance, was significantly affected by Cry1Ab/Vip3H rice. Four community indices (species richness S, Shannon-Wiener index H', Simpson index D, and evenness index J') were similar between rice types. PRCs revealed a slight community difference between rice types in the past two tested years, with rice types accounting for 1.0-3.5% of the variance among arthropod communities. However, sampling dates explain 32.1-67.6% for these community differences. Of the 46 taxa with higher species weights, 26.1% of the taxa were significantly different, including seven taxa with higher abundance and five with lower density in Cry1Ab/Vip3H rice fields. These differences may be attributed to change in abundance of prey or hosts but not to direct effects of Bt proteins. We infer that this new Cry1Ab/Vip3H rice line poses no unintended ecological risks to the arthropod community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China , State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ),
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; )
| | - Naishun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; )
| | - Zhicheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; )
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO , and
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (; ; ; ),
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A Comprehensive Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab Rice Huahui 1 on Adult Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0142714. [PMID: 26914608 PMCID: PMC4767879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely distributed coleoptera predator in southern Asia in rice ecosystem, and adult M. discolor feed on both rice pollen and soft-bodied arthropods. Bitrophic bioassay and tritrophic bioassay were conducted to evaluate the potential impact of Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab-expressing rice Huahui 1 and its non-transgenic counterpart Minghui 63 on fitness parameters of adult M. discolor. The results showed that the survival, and fecundity of this beetle’ adults were not different when they fed on Bt rice or non-Bt rice pollen or Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on Bt rice or non-Bt rice. Toxicity assessment to ensure M. discolor adults were not sensitive to Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac protein independent from the pollen background, M. discolor adults were fed with an artificial diet containing Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab or both protein approximately 10 times higher concentration than in Huahui 1 rice pollen. No difference was detected for any of the life-table parameters tested between Cry protein-containing and pure diet. Artificial diet containing E-64 (N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucine 4-guanidinobutylamide) was included as a positive control. In contrast, the pre-oviposition and fecundity of M. discolor were significantly adversely affected by feeding on E-64-containing diet. In both bioassays, the uptakes of Cry protein by adult M. discolor were tested by ELISA measurements. These results indicated that adults of M. discolor are not affected by Cry1Ab- or Cry1Ac-expressing rice pollen and are not sensitive to Cry protein at concentrations exceeding the levels in rice pollen in Huahui1. This suggests that M. discolor adults would not be harmed by Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab rice if Bt rice Huahui 1 were commercialized.
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Wang F, Ning D, Chen Y, Dang C, Han NS, Liu Y, Ye GY. Comparing Gene Expression Profiles Between Bt and non-Bt Rice in Response to Brown Planthopper Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1181. [PMID: 26734057 PMCID: PMC4689863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bt proteins are the most widely used insecticidal proteins in transgenic crops for improving insect resistance. We previously observed longer nymphal developmental duration and lower fecundity in brown planthopper (BPH) fed on Bt rice line KMD2, although Bt insecticidal protein Cry1Ab could rarely concentrate in this non-target rice pest. In the present study, we performed microarray analysis in an effort to detect Bt-independent variation, which might render Bt rice more defensive and/or less nutritious to BPH. We detected 3834 and 3273 differentially expressed probe-sets in response to BPH infestation in non-Bt parent Xiushui 11 and Bt rice KMD2, respectively, only 439 of which showed significant differences in expression between rice lines. Our analysis revealed a shift from growth to defense responses in response to BPH infestation, which was also detected in many other studies of plants suffering biotic and abiotic stresses. Chlorophyll biosynthesis and basic metabolism pathways were inhibited in response to infestation. IAA and GA levels decreased as a result of the repression of biosynthesis-related genes or the induction of inactivation-related genes. In accordance with these observations, a number of IAA-, GA-, BR-signaling genes were downregulated in response to BPH. Thus, the growth of rice plants under BPH attack was reduced and defense related hormone signaling like JA, SA and ET were activated. In addition, growth-related hormone signaling pathways, such as GA, BR, and auxin signaling pathways, as well as ABA, were also found to be involved in BPH-induced defense. On the other side, 51 probe-sets (represented 50 genes) that most likely contribute to the impact of Bt rice on BPH were identified, including three early nodulin genes, four lipid metabolic genes, 14 stress response genes, three TF genes and genes with other functions. Two transcription factor genes, bHLH and MYB, together with lipid transfer protein genes LTPL65 and early nodulin gene ENOD93, are the most likely candidates for improving herbivore resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Duo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Shun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yu'e Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gong-Yin Ye
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Han Y, Meng J, Chen J, Cai W, Wang Y, Zhao J, He Y, Feng Y, Hua H. Bt rice expressing Cry2Aa does not harm Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, a main predator of the nontarget herbivore Nilapavarta lugens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112315. [PMID: 25375147 PMCID: PMC4223026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T2A-1 is a newly developed transgenic rice that expresses a synthesized cry2Aa gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. T2A-1 exhibits high resistance against lepidopteran pests of rice. The brown planthopper, Nilapavarta lugens (Stål), is a main nontarget sap-sucking insect pest of rice, and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) is the major predator of the eggs and young nymphs of planthoppers. As C. lividipennis may expose to the Cry2Aa protein via N. lugens, it is therefore essential to assess the potential effects of transgenic cry2Aa rice on this predator. In the present study, three experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological risk of transgenic cry2Aa rice to C. lividipennis: (1) a direct feeding experiment in which C. lividipennis was fed an artificial diet containing Cry2Aa at the dose of 10-time higher than that it may encounter in the realistic field condition; (2) a tritrophic experiment in which the Cry2Aa protein was delivered to C. lividipennis indirectly through prey eggs or nymphs; (3) a realistic field experiment in which the population dynamics of C. lividipennis were investigated using vacuum-suction. Both direct exposure to elevated doses of the Cry2Aa protein and prey-mediated exposure to realistic doses of the protein did not result in significant detrimental effects on the development, survival, female ratio and body weight of C. lividipennis. No significant differences in population density and population dynamics were observed between C. lividipennis in transgenic cry2Aa and nontransgenic rice fields. It may be concluded that transgenic cry2Aa rice had no detrimental effects on C. lividipennis. This study represents the first report of an assessment continuum for the effects of transgenic cry2Aa rice on C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Meng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wanlun Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Wang JM, Chen XP, Liang YY, Zhu HJ, Ding JT, Peng YF. Influence of transgenic rice expressing a fused Cry1Ab/1Ac protein on frogs in paddy fields. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1619-1628. [PMID: 25129148 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As genetic engineering in plants is increasingly used to control agricultural pests, it is important to determine whether such transgenic plants adversely affect non-target organisms within and around cultivated fields. The cry1Ab/1Ac fusion gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has insecticidal activity and has been introduced into rice line Minghui 63 (MH63). We evaluated the effect of transgenic cry1Ab/1Ac rice (Huahui 1, HH1) on paddy frogs by comparing HH1 and MH63 rice paddies with and without pesticide treatment. The density of tadpoles in rice fields was surveyed at regular intervals, and Cry1Ab/1Ac protein levels were determined in tissues of tadpoles and froglets collected from the paddy fields. In addition, Rana nigromaculata froglets were raised in purse nets placed within these experimental plots. The survival, body weight, feeding habits, and histological characteristics of the digestive tract of these froglets were analyzed. We found that the tadpole density was significantly decreased immediately after pesticide application, and the weight of R. nigromaculata froglets of pesticide groups was significantly reduced compared with no pesticide treatment, but we found no differences between Bt and non-Bt rice groups. Moreover, no Cry1Ab/1Ac protein was detected in tissue samples collected from 192 tadpoles and froglets representing all four experimental groups. In addition, R. nigromaculata froglets raised in purse seines fed primarily on stem borer and non-target insects, and showed no obvious abnormality in the microstructure of their digestive tracts. Based on these results, we conclude that cultivation of transgenic cry1Ab/1Ac rice does not adversely affect paddy frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
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26
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Lu ZB, Tian JC, Han NS, Hu C, Peng YF, Stanley D, Ye GY. No direct effects of two transgenic Bt rice lines, T1C-19 and T2A-1, on the arthropod communities. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:1453-1463. [PMID: 25203669 DOI: 10.1603/en14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 2-yr field trial was conducted to assess the impacts of two new transgenic Bt rice lines, T1C-19 expressing Cry1C protein and T2A-1 expressing Cry2A protein, on the arthropod community sampled via vacuum. All the arthropods were classified into five guilds, including herbivores, parasitoids, predators, detritivores, and others. The seasonal density and dominance distribution of each guild and community-level indices (species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and evenness index) were compared among rice types. Principal response curves were used to investigate the differences of entire arthropod community of Bt rice plots relative to non-Bt rice plots. The results showed no significant difference was detected in the community-level indices and dominance distribution of guilds between Bt and non-Bt rice plots. The seasonal density of herbivores, detritivores, and others as well as density of the arthropod overall community were also not significantly affected by rice types in either year, although the density of predators and parasitoids in Bt rice plots was significantly lower than those in non-Bt rice plots. The lower abundances of Braconidae, Eulophidae, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and Theridiidae in Bt rice plots are likely attributed to the lower abundances of prey species or hosts. Principal response curves revealed that arthropod community in Bt was similar with that in non-Bt rice plots. In conclusion, our findings indicate that these two tested Bt rice lines had no marked negative effects on the arthropod community in the paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lee SY, Kim ST, Jung JK, Lee JH. A comparison of spider communities in Bt and non-Bt rice fields. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:819-827. [PMID: 24874159 DOI: 10.1603/en12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential adverse effects of a Bt rice line (Japonica rice cultivar, Nakdong) expressing a synthetic cry1Ac1 gene, C7-1-9-1-B, which was highly active against all larval stages of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), we investigated the community structure of spiders in Bt and non-Bt rice fields during the rice-growing season in 2007 and 2008 in Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Spiders were surveyed with a sweep net and suction device. Suction sampling captured more spiders, measured in terms of species level and abundance, than sweeping. Araneidae and Thomisidae were captured more by sweeping, and certain species were captured only by sweeping. These findings show that both suction and sweep sampling methods should be used because these methods are most likely complementary. In total, 29 species in 23 genera and nine families were identified from the 4,937 spiders collected, and both Bt and non-Bt rice fields showed a typical Korean spider assemblage. The temporal patterns of spider species richness and spider abundance were very similar between Bt and non-Bt rice, although significant differences in species richness were observed on a few occasions. Overall, spider community structure, including diversity, the dominant species, and abundance did not differ between Bt and non-Bt rice. The results of the study indicated that the transgenic Cry1Ac rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the spider community structure of the rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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28
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Mannakkara A, Niu L, Ma W, Lei C. Zero effect of Bt rice on expression of genes coding for digestion, detoxification and immune responses and developmental performances of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:985-993. [PMID: 23920284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca (Bt toxins) rice lines are well developed to manage lepidopteron pests in China. The impact of transgenic Bt rice on the non-target Brown Planthopper (BPH) has become an essential part of environmental risk assessment, however, scanty evidence is found addressing on developmental and molecular responses of BPH to the ingestion of Bt protein from transgenic rice. The focus of the current study is to examine the developmental characteristics and the expression profiles of gene in relation to digestion, detoxification and immune responses were examined. Our study strongly revealed that the tested Bt rice strains have no unfavorable effect on fecundity, survival and growth of BPH. Furthermore, each of the tested genes did not exhibit distinct expression pattern responding to non Bt parental cultivar, thus, it could be concluded that Bt rice have no detrimental effects on the physiological processes of digestion, detoxification and immune responses of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Mannakkara
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri Lanka
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Alcantara EP. Postcommercialization monitoring of the long-term impact of Bt corn on non-target arthropod communities in commercial farms and adjacent riparian areas in the Philippines. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 41:1268-1276. [PMID: 23068185 DOI: 10.1603/en10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 4-yr on-farm study was conducted in the Philippines between 2006 and 2009 to determine if there are any long-term impacts of Bt corn on the arthropod community on commercial farms and in adjacent riparian areas. Arthropod counts were gathered by visual inspection of corn plants in three pairs of commercial farms and by sweep sampling in riparian sites close by. Sampling showed that species composition between Bt and non-Bt corn and between riparian areas adjacent to Bt or non-Bt corn were similar. Principal response curves and analysis of variance showed that there were no adverse effects of Bt corn on the abundance of natural enemies either in crops or adjacent riparian sites. The frequently observed natural enemies in Bt corn were the predatory coccinellid beetle, Micraspis discolor (F.) and spiders (Araneae). Arthropod diversity was similar 1) in Bt- and non-Bt corn and 2) the adjacent riparian areas. Taken together, the two parts of this study show that Bt corn does not have any long-term adverse effect on arthropod communities in corn (Zea mays L.) or in adjacent riparian ecosystems. The methods and results described in this study will be useful to Philippine government regulators in making recommendations and policy guidelines related to monitoring for environmental effects of transgenic crops. The current study did not attempt to demonstrate the direct exposure of arthropods in riparian sites to transgenic Cry1Ab protein that might come from adjacent Bt corn fields; that would require different experimental methods but the current study suggests such effects are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Alcantara
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
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Biondi A, Desneux N, Siscaro G, Zappalà L. Using organic-certified rather than synthetic pesticides may not be safer for biological control agents: selectivity and side effects of 14 pesticides on the predator Orius laevigatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:803-812. [PMID: 22342338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The generalist predator Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a key natural enemy of various arthropods in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Releases of this predator are frequently carried out, and it is included in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs of several crops. The accurate assessment of the compatibility of various pesticides with predator activity is key for the success of this strategy. We assessed acute and sublethal toxicity of 14 pesticides on O. laevigatus adults under laboratory conditions. Pesticides commonly used in either conventional or organic farming were selected for the study, including six biopesticides, three synthetic insecticides, two sulfur compounds and three adjuvants. To assess the pesticides' residual persistence, the predator was exposed for 3d to pesticide residues on tomato sprouts that had been treated 1 h, 7 d or 14 d prior to the assay. The percentage of mortality and the sublethal effects on predator reproductive capacity were summarized in a reduction coefficient (E(x)) and the pesticides were classified according to the IOBC (International Organization for Biological Control) toxicity categories. The results showed that the pesticides greatly differed in their toxicity, both in terms of lethal and sub lethal effects, as well as in their persistence. In particular, abamectin was the most noxious and persistent, and was classified as harmful up to 14 d after the treatment, causing almost 100% mortality. Spinosad, emamectin, metaflumizone were moderately harmful until 7 d after the treatment, while the other pesticides were slightly harmful or harmless. The results, based on the combination of assessment of acute mortality, predator reproductive capacity pesticides residual and pesticides residual persistence, stress the need of using complementary bioassays (e.g. assessment of lethal and sublethal effects) to carefully select the pesticides to be used in IPM programs and appropriately time the pesticides application (as function of natural enemies present in crops) and potential releases of natural enemies like O. laevigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Biondi
- University of Catania, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Systems Management, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Transgenic Cry1Ab rice does not impact ecological fitness and predation of a generalist spider. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35164. [PMID: 22511982 PMCID: PMC3325204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The commercial release of rice genetically engineered to express a Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for control of Lepidoptera in China is a subject of debate. One major point of the debate has focused on the ecological safety of Bt rice on nontarget organisms, especially predators and parasitoids that help control populations of insect pests. Methodology/Principal Findings A tritrophic bioassay was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of Cry1Ab-expressing rice on fitness parameters of a predaceous ground spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg et Strand)) that had fed on Bt rice-fed brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) nymphs. Survival, development time and fecundity of this spider were not different when they were fed with Bt rice-fed or non-Bt rice-fed prey. Furthermore, ELISA and PCR gut assays, as well as a functional response trial, indicated that predation by P. pseudoannulata was not significantly different in Bt rice or non-Bt rice fields. Conclusions/Significance The transgenic Cry1Ab rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the survival, developmental time and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata in the laboratory or on predation under field conditions. This suggests that this important predator would not be harmed if transgenic Cry1Ab rice were commercialized.
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Field response of aboveground non-target arthropod community to transgenic Bt-Cry1Ab rice plant residues in postharvest seasons. Transgenic Res 2012; 21:1023-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bai Y, Yan R, Ke X, Ye G, Huang F, Luo Y, Cheng J. Effects of transgenic Bt rice on growth, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity of Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae) in laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1892-9. [PMID: 22299350 DOI: 10.1603/ec11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) CrylAb protein is expected to be commercialized in China in the near future. The use of Bt rice for controlling insect pests sparks intensive debates regarding its biosafety. Folsomia candida is an euedaphic species and is often used as a "standard" test organism in assessing effects of environmental pollutants on soil organisms. In this study, growth, development, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of F. candida were investigated in the laboratory for populations reared on leaf tissue or leaf-soil mixtures of two CrylAb rice lines and a non-Bt rice isoline. Two independent tests were performed: 1) a 35-d test using petri dishes containing yeast diet (positive control) or fresh rice leaf tissue, and 2) a 28-d test in soil-litter microcosms containing yeast or a mixture of soil and rice leaf tissue. Biological parameters measured in both tests were number of progeny production, population growth rate, and SOD activity. For the petri dish test, data measured also included insect body length and number of exuviation. There were no significant differences between the populations reared on Bt and non-Bt rice leaf tissue in all measured parameters in both tests and for both Bt rice lines, suggesting no significant effects of the CrylAb protein in Bt rice on F. candida in the laboratory studies. Results of this study should add additional biosafety proofs for use of Bt rice to manage rice pests in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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HAN Y, XU XL, MA WH, YUAN BQ, WANG H, LIU FZ, WANG MQ, WU G, HUA HX. The Influence of Transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac, cry1C and cry2A Rice on Non-Target Planthoppers and Their Main Predators Under Field Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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