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Harlé O, Niay J, Parayre S, Nicolas A, Henry G, Maillard MB, Valence F, Thierry A, Guédon É, Falentin H, Deutsch SM. Deciphering the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during soy juice fermentation using phenotypic and transcriptional analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0193623. [PMID: 38376234 PMCID: PMC10952386 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01936-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable diet, the development of soy-based yogurt fermented with lactic acid bacteria is an attractive alternative to dairy yogurts. To decipher the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during soy juice (SJ) fermentation, the whole genome of the strain CIRM-BIA865 (Ld865) was sequenced and annotated. Then Ld865 was used to ferment SJ. Samples were analyzed throughout fermentation for their cell number, carbohydrate, organic acid, free amino acid, and volatile compound contents. Despite acidification, the number of Ld865 cells did not rise, and microscopic observations revealed the elongation of cells from 3.6 µm (inoculation) to 36.9 µm (end of fermentation). This elongation was observed in SJ but not in laboratory-rich medium MRS. Using transcriptomic analysis, we showed that the biosynthesis genes of peptidoglycan and membrane lipids were stably expressed, in line with the cell elongation observed, whereas no genes implicated in cell division were upregulated. Among the main sugars available in SJ (sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose), Ld865 only used sucrose. The transcriptomic analysis showed that Ld865 implemented the two transport systems that it contains to import sucrose: a PTS system and an ABC transporter. To fulfill its nitrogen needs, Ld865 probably first consumed the free amino acids of the SJ and then implemented different oligopeptide transporters and proteolytic/peptidase enzymes. In conclusion, this study showed that Ld865 enables fast acidification of SJ, despite the absence of cell division, leads to a product rich in free amino acids, and also leads to the production of aromatic compounds of interest. IMPORTANCE To reduce the environmental and health concerns related to food, an alternative diet is recommended, containing 50% of plant-based proteins. Soy juice, which is protein rich, is a relevant alternative to animal milk, for the production of yogurt-like products. However, soy "beany" and "green" off-flavors limit the consumption of such products. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for fermentation can help to improve the organoleptic properties of soy products. But metabolic data concerning LAB adapted to soy juice are lacking. The aim of this study was, thus, to decipher the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during fermentation of a soy juice, based on a multidisciplinary approach. This result will contribute to give tracks for a relevant selection of starter. Indeed, the improvement of the organoleptic properties of these types of products could help to promote plant-based proteins in our diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Harlé
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, France
- Olga-Triballat Noyal, R&D UF, Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
| | - Jérôme Niay
- Olga-Triballat Noyal, R&D UF, Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
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Phupaboon S, Hashim FJ, Phumkhachorn P, Rattanachaikunsopon P. Molecular and biotechnological characteristics of proteolytic activity from Streptococcus thermophilus as a proteolytic lactic acid bacteria to enhance protein-derived bioactive peptides. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:591-611. [PMID: 38173974 PMCID: PMC10758578 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy food items with a high nutrient value of bioavailability and bioaccessibility has created a need for continuous development of technology and food ingredients like bioactive peptides. This study aimed to investigate seven proteolytic lactic acid bacteria (PLABs) isolated from the plaa-som (fermented fish) sample originated from silver BARB species for production of proteolytic enzymes. Proteolytic enzymes produced by (PLABs) were used further to create potent bioactive peptides by hydrolyzing proteins throughout PLAB-probiotics enhancer. Protein derived-bioactive peptides was tested the proteolytic activity on different protein sources and examined bioactivities including antioxidative and antimicrobial effect for further use in functional foods. Results of screened-PLAB strains showed high proteolytic activity namely Streptococcus thermophilus strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13). These strains have proteolytic system consisting of extracellular and cell-bound enzymes that used for degrading protein in fish flesh protein (FFP) and skim milk (SKM) broth media. Proteolytic activity of tested bacterial enzymes was estimated after incubation at 45, 37, and 50 °C. Furthermore, FFP hydrolysates were formed with various peptides and has small molecular weights (checked by SDS-PAGE) in the range of10.5 to 22 kDa), exhibiting strong activity. Data revealed that S. thermophilus strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13) had high antioxidant activity in term of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical-scavenging inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power capacity. Both strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13) of S. thermophilus have higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. We have confirmed presence of proteolytic (prt) gene regions in S. thermophilus strains using specific primers via PCR amplification. Results showed highest homology (100%) with the prtS gene of S. thermophillus located on the cell envelope proteolytic enzymes (CEPEs) such as serine proteinase. Therefore, it concluded that the proteolytic system of tested PLAB strains able to generate bioactive peptides-derived proteins having active biological property, good mechanism of degradability, and bioaccessibility for further use in catalyzing protein of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Farah J. Hashim
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
| | - Parichat Phumkhachorn
- Department of Biological Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon
- Department of Biological Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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Yue Y, Wang S, Lv X, Wang C, Xu B, Ping L, Guo J, Li X, Evivie SE, Liu F, Li B, Huo G. Analysis of the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus with post-acidification capacity and its influence on yogurt in storage. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1058-1071. [PMID: 34802736 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, yogurt has been one of the most popular fermented dairy products and is sold worldwide. In this study, pH and titrated acid changes of 4 strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus fermented milk during storage were detected. The difference between L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011 and KLDS1.0207 was significant, with the latter exhibiting reduced acidity levels. Therefore, we determined the complete genome sequence of the 2 strains. Then the expression of specific genes and common genes related to glucose metabolism and proteolysis of L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011 and KLDS1.0207 were detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Analysis indicated that the key enzymes in glycometabolism and proteolysis of L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011 were significantly different than those of L. bulgaricus KLDS1.0207. The contents of lactose and glucose decreased during storage of L. bulgaricus fermented milk, as determined by HPLC, and the contents of lactic acid and galactose increased, with L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011 increasing less. With skim milk as a raw material, L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011, KLDS1.0207, and Streptococcus thermophilus S1 were used as fermentation strains to yield yogurt at 42°C, and sensory evaluation was compared with yogurt fermented by commercial starter cultures. Yogurt from L. bulgaricus KLDS1.1011 was the highest-rated. Therefore, the study may provide guidelines for the development of yogurt starters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yue
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiuli Lv
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Baofeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lijun Ping
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiayao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xuetong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Smith Etareri Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Xu Y, Zhu Y. Complete Replacement of Nitrite With a Lactobacillus fermentum on the Quality and Safety of Chinese Fermented Sausages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:704302. [PMID: 34421863 PMCID: PMC8371913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.704302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the positive effects of complete replacement of nitrite with a Lactobacillus fermentum on the quality and safety of Chinese fermented sausages, and evaluated the risk of this strain. The effects of the strain on pH, color, nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basenitrogen (TVB-N), metmyoglobin (Met-Mb), biological amines, free amino acid content, and sensory index have been studied. The results revealed that the strain reduced the pH of the sausages, which reduced the risk of food-borne pathogens, and accelerated the acidification and gelation process. The inoculation of the strain produced pink color similar to 50 mg/kg nitrite, significantly reducing the residual risk of nitrite in the sausages. In addition, the strain effectively improved quality and nutrition of the sausages through preventing fat oxidation, protein decomposition, and myoglobin oxidation and increasing free amino acid content. The harmful biogenic amines species of the treated sample were reduced, although the tyramine contents were higher than the control, and the contents of the two groups were all far below the specified limit (800 mg/kg). The sensory analysis showed that the strain enhanced the taste, flavor, sourness, and overall acceptability of the sample sausages. Therefore, replacing nitrite completely with the strain L. fermentum could be a potential strategy to produce healthier and safer acceptable sausages through decreasing the risk of nitrite and improving nutrition and quality of the sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinglian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Fermentation processes in foods often lead to changes in nutritional and biochemical quality relative to the starting ingredients. Fermented foods comprise very complex ecosystems consisting of enzymes from raw ingredients that interact with the fermenting microorganisms’ metabolic activities. Fermenting microorganisms provide a unique approach towards food stability via physical and biochemical changes in fermented foods. These fermented foods can benefit consumers compared to simple foods in terms of antioxidants, production of peptides, organoleptic and probiotic properties, and antimicrobial activity. It also helps in the levels of anti-nutrients and toxins level. The quality and quantity of microbial communities in fermented foods vary based on the manufacturing process and storage conditions/durability. This review contributes to current research on biochemical changes during the fermentation of foods. The focus will be on the changes in the biochemical compounds that determine the characteristics of final fermented food products from original food resources.
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Raveschot C, Cudennec B, Deracinois B, Frémont M, Vaeremans M, Dugersuren J, Demberel S, Drider D, Dhulster P, Coutte F, Flahaut C. Proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Mongolian traditional dairy products: A multiparametric analysis. Food Chem 2019; 304:125415. [PMID: 31479995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to characterize the proteolytic activity of 170 Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional Mongolian dairy products (yogurt and fermented milk), and to investigate their capacity to generate bioactive peptides during milk fermentation. All isolates were screened for proteolytic activity using skim milk agar-well diffusion test. Fifteen strains (9 Lactobacillus helveticus and 6 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) were then selected and further evaluated using an original strategy based on multiparametric analysis, taking into account growth rate, acidification capacity, proteolytic activity, cell envelope associated peptidase (CEP) profile and LC-MS/MS analysis of peptides. All parameters were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that strain growth and acidification correlate with peptide production and that Mongolian L. helveticus strains differ from Western strains in terms of CEP distribution. The PCA revealed that CEP profiles are major determinants of β-casein hydrolysis patterns. Strains with distinctive proteolytic activities were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Raveschot
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France; VF Bioscience, Parc Eurasanté, F-59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Frémont
- VF Bioscience, Parc Eurasanté, F-59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | | | - Jamyan Dugersuren
- Probiotic Research Center, Mongolian Veterinary Institute, 17024 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Shirchin Demberel
- Probiotic Research Center, Mongolian Veterinary Institute, 17024 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Dhulster
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Coutte
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Raveschot C, Cudennec B, Coutte F, Flahaut C, Fremont M, Drider D, Dhulster P. Production of Bioactive Peptides by Lactobacillus Species: From Gene to Application. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2354. [PMID: 30386307 PMCID: PMC6199461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To compensate for their amino acid auxotrophy, lactobacilli have developed the ability to hydrolyze proteins present in their environment. This proteolytic activity not only generates the free amino acids needed by the bacteria, but also a large variety of peptides, some of which are endowed with biological activities. These so-called “bioactive peptides” (BAPs) are interesting from a nutrition and healthcare perspective. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as lactobacilli is an effective strategy for production and valorization of new BAPs. The proteolytic activity of lactobacilli is exerted in a strain- and species-dependent manner: each species exhibits different proteinase content, leading to a large variety of proteolytic activities. This underlines the high potential of Lactobacillus strains to produce novel hydrolysates and BAPs of major interest. This review aims at discussing the potential of different Lactobacillus species to release BAPs from fermentation media and processes. Strategies used for peptide production are presented. Additionally, we propose a methodology to select the most promising Lactobacillus strains as sources of BAPs. This methodology combines conventional approaches and in silico analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Raveschot
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France.,VF Bioscience, Parc Eurasanté, Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
| | - François Coutte
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
| | - Marc Fremont
- VF Bioscience, Parc Eurasanté, Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Dhulster
- INRA, ISA, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
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Biscola V, Choiset Y, Rabesona H, Chobert JM, Haertlé T, Franco BDGM. Brazilian artisanal ripened cheeses as sources of proteolytic lactic acid bacteria capable of reducing cow milk allergy. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:564-574. [PMID: 29654625 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective was to obtain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) capable of hydrolysing immunoreactive proteins in milk, to optimize the hydrolysis, to determine the proteolysis kinetics and to test the safety of the best hydrolytic strain. METHODS AND RESULTS Brazilian cheese was used as source of LAB capable of hydrolysing main milk allergens. Proteolytic isolates were submitted to RAPD-PCR for the characterization of clonal diversity. Optimized hydrolysis was strain and protein fraction dependent. 16S rDNA sequencing identified three proteolytic strains: Enterococcus faecalis VB43, that hydrolysed αS1 -, αS2 - and β-caseins, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin (partial hydrolysis), and Pediococcus acidilactici VB90 and Weissella viridescens VB111, that caused partial hydrolysis of αS1 - and αS2 -caseins. Enterococcus faecalis VB43 tested negative for virulence genes asa1, agg, efaA, hyl, esp, cylLL and cylLS but positive for genes ace and gelE. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid inhibited the proteolysis, indicating that the main proteases of E. faecalis VB43 are metalloproteases. CONCLUSION Brazilian artisanal cheese is a good source of LAB capable of hydrolysing allergenic proteins in milk. One isolate (E. faecalis VB43) presented outstanding activity against these proteins and lacked most of the tested virulence genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Enterococcus faecalis VB43 presents good potential for the manufacture of hypoallergenic dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Biscola
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Y Choiset
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - H Rabesona
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - J-M Chobert
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - T Haertlé
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, Nantes Cedex, France.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - B D G M Franco
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Deng K, Fang W, Zheng B, Miao S, Huo G. Phenotypic, fermentation characterization, and resistance mechanism analysis of bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus isolated from traditional Chinese dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1901-1914. [PMID: 29274957 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage infection is a large factor in dairy industrial production failure on the basis of pure inoculation fermentation, and developing good commercial starter cultures from wild dairy products and improving the environmental vigor of starter cultures by enhancing their phage resistance are still the most effective solutions. Here we used a spontaneous isolation method to obtain bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus strains that are used in traditional Chinese fermented dairy products. We analyzed their phenotypes, fermentation characteristics, and resistance mechanisms. The results showed that bacteriophage-insensitive mutants (BIM) BIM8 and BIM12 had high bacteriophage resistance while exhibiting fermentation and coagulation attributes that were as satisfying as those of their respective parent strains KLDS1.1016 and KLDS1.1028. According to the attachment receptor detection, mutants BIM8 and BIM12 exhibited reduced absorption to bacteriophage phiLdb compared with their respective bacteriophage-sensitive parent strains because of changes to the polysaccharides or teichoic acids connected to their peptidoglycan layer. Additionally, genes, including HSDR, HSDM, and HSDS, encoding 3 subunits of a type I restriction-modification system were identified in their respective parent strains. We also discovered that HSDR and HSDM were highly conserved but that HSDS was variable because it is responsible for the DNA specificity of the complex. The late lysis that occurred only in strain KLDS1.1016 and not in strain KLDS1.1028 suggests that the former and its mutant BIM8 also may have an activatable restriction-modification mechanism. We conclude that the L. bulgaricus BIM8 and BIM12 mutants have great potential in the dairy industry as starter cultures, and their phage-resistance mechanism was effective mainly due to the adsorption interference and restriction-modification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Deng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China 350002; China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China 350002; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61R966
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China 1500030
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China 350002
| | - Song Miao
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China 350002; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61R966.
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China 1500030.
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10
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Wei T, Mei L, Wang ZG, Xue XH. Morphological and genetic responses oflactobacillus plantarumFQR to nitrite and its practical applications. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wei
- College of Tea and Food Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei Anhui 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Mei
- College of Tea and Food Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei Anhui 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Geng Wang
- College of Tea and Food Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei Anhui 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-heng Xue
- College of Tea and Food Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei Anhui 230036 People's Republic of China
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