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Yin J, Qi TF, Yang YY, Vera-Colón M, Zur Nieden NI, Wang Y. Temporal Profiling of Epitranscriptomic Modulators during Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2179-2185. [PMID: 37348120 PMCID: PMC10330632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is modulated by multiple regulatory networks. Recent studies showed that RNA modifications and their reader, writer, and eraser (RWE) proteins are involved in regulating various biological processes. Few studies, however, were conducted to investigate the functions of RNA modifications and their RWE proteins in osteogenesis. By using LC-MS/MS in parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mode, we performed a comprehensive quantitative assessment of 154 epitranscriptomic RWE proteins throughout the entire time course of osteogenic differentiation in H9 human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We found that approximately half of the 127 detected RWE proteins were down-regulated during osteogenic differentiation, and they included mainly proteins involved in RNA methylation and pseudouridylation. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis unveiled significant associations between the down-regulated epitranscriptomic RWE proteins and osteogenesis-related proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of publicly available RNA-seq data obtained from osteogenesis imperfecta patients suggested a potential role of METTL1 in osteogenesis through the cytokine network. Together, this is the first targeted profiling of epitranscriptomic RWE proteins during osteogenic differentiation of human ESCs, and our work unveiled potential regulatory roles of these proteins in osteogenesis. LC-MS/MS data were deposited on ProteomeXchange (PXD039249).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekai Yin
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Tianyu F Qi
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Madeline Vera-Colón
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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2
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Fus-Kujawa A, Mendrek B, Bajdak-Rusinek K, Diak N, Strzelec K, Gutmajster E, Janelt K, Kowalczuk A, Trybus A, Rozwadowska P, Wojakowski W, Gawron K, Sieroń AL. Gene-repaired iPS cells as novel approach for patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205122. [PMID: 37456734 PMCID: PMC10348904 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The benefits of patient's specific cell/gene therapy have been reported in relation to numerous genetic related disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In osteogenesis imperfecta particularly also a drug therapy based on the administration of bisphosphonates partially helped to ease the symptoms. Methods: In this controlled trial, fibroblasts derived from patient diagnosed with OI type II have been successfully reprogrammed into induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) using Yamanaka factors. Those cells were subjected to repair mutations found in the COL1A1 gene using homologous recombination (HR) approach facilitated with star polymer (STAR) as a carrier of the genetic material. Results: Delivery of the correct linear DNA fragment to the osteogenesis imperfecta patient's cells resulted in the repair of the DNA mutation with an 84% success rate. IPSCs showed 87% viability after STAR treatment and 82% with its polyplex. Discussion: The use of novel polymer Poly[N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-co-Hydroxyl-Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate] Arms (P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA-OH) with star-like structure has been shown as an efficient tool for nucleic acids delivery into cells (Funded by National Science Centre, Contract No. UMO-2020/37/N/NZ2/01125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Diak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Strzelec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Gutmajster
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Trybus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Students Scientific Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rozwadowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Students Scientific Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander L. Sieroń
- Formerly Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Song R, He S, Cao Y, Lu Y, Peng Y, Zou H, Tong X, Ran D, Ma Y, Liu Z. Cadmium accelerates autophagy of osteocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37148155 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can damage bone cells and cause osteoporosis. Osteocytes are the most numerous bone cells and also important target cells for Cd-induced osteotoxic damage. Autophagy plays important role in the progression of osteoporosis. However, osteocyte autophagy in Cd-induced bone injury is not well characterized. Thus, we established a Cd-induced bone injury model in BALB/c mice and a cellular damage model in MLO-Y4 cells. Aqueous Cd exposure for 16 months showed an increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in urine calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in vivo. Moreover, expression level of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 II (LC3II) and autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) proteins were induced, and the expression of sequestosome-1 (p62) was reduced, along with Cd-induced trabecular bone damage. In addition, Cd inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In vitro, 80 μM Cd concentrations exposure upregulated LC3II protein expression, and downregulated of p62 protein expression. Similarly, we found that treatment with 80 μM Cd resulted in a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of mTOR, AKT, and PI3K. Further experiments revealed that addition of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, enhanced autophagy and alleviated the Cd-induced damage to MLO-Y4 cells. The findings of our study reveal for the first time that Cd causes damage to both bone and osteocytes, as well as induces autophagy in osteocytes and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which could be a protective mechanism against Cd-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwen Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Ma J, Zhang W. Berberine for bone regeneration: Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114249. [PMID: 34058315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberine is a quaternary ammonium isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly extracted from plants berberaceae, papaveraceae, ranunculaceae and rutaceae such as coptis chinensis Franch, Phellodendron chinense, and berberis pruinosa. The plants are extensively used in traditional medicine for treating infection, diabetes, arrhythmia, tumor, osteoporosis et al. Pharmacological studies showed berberine has effects of anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, lower blood lipid, lower blood glucose, anti-osteoporosis, anti-osteoarthritis et al. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to summarize the application of natural herbs that contain berberine, the further use and development of berberine, the effects as well as mechanism of berberine on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the recent advances of in vivo studies, in order to provide a scientific basis for its traditional uses and to prospect of the potential applications of berberine in clinics. METHOD The research was achieved by retrieving from the online electronic database, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI). Patents, doctoral dissertations and master dissertations are also searched. RESULTS Berberine has a long history of medicinal use to treat various diseases including bone disease in China. Recent studies have defined its function in promoting bone regeneration and great potential in developing new drugs. But the systemic mechanism of berberine on bone regeneration still needs more research to clarify. CONCLUSION This review has systematically summarized the application, pharmacological effects, mechanism as well as in vivo studies of berberine and herbs which contain berberine. Berberine has a definite effect in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts as well as inhibiting the production of osteoclasts to promote bone regeneration. However, the present studies about the system mechanisms and pharmacological activity of berberine were incomplete. Applying berberine for new drug development remains an exciting and promising alternative to bone regeneration engineering, with broad potential for therapeutic and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Clinical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Weifen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China.
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5
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Polo Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) impairs human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:221-228. [PMID: 33706192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation play a critical role in bone disorders such as osteoporosis. In the present study, we identified the aberrant PLK4 upregulation in osteoporosis and downregulation in BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. In isolated hBMSCs, PLK4 overexpression significantly inhibited, whereas PLK4 knockdown promoted cell viability and hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. For molecular mechanism, PLK4 overexpression decreased, whereas PLK4 knockdown increased WNT1 and β-catenin protein levels and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) or the BMP-Smads antagonist LDN193189 dramatically suppressed hBMSC osteoblast differentiation, and partially attenuated the promotive effects of PLK4 knockdown on hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. Altogether, PLK4 overexpression impairs hBMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation potential, possibly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and BMP/Smads signaling.
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6
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Zhu H, Swami S, Yang P, Shapiro F, Wu JY. Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:698-713. [PMID: 31793059 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a potential source of osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration, the induction of pluripotency followed by directed differentiation into osteoblasts is time consuming and low yield. In contrast, direct lineage reprogramming without an intervening stem/progenitor cell stage would be a more efficient approach to generate osteoblasts. We screened combinations of osteogenic transcription factors and identified four factors, Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and ATF4, that rapidly and efficiently reprogram mouse fibroblasts derived from 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP) transgenic mice into induced osteoblast cells (iOBs). iOBs exhibit osteoblast morphology, form mineralized nodules, and express Col2.3GFP and gene markers of osteoblast differentiation. The global transcriptome profiles validated that iOBs resemble primary osteoblasts. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis demonstrates that within differentially methylated loci, the methylation status of iOBs more closely resembles primary osteoblasts than mouse fibroblasts. We further demonstrate that Col2.3GFP+ iOBs have transcriptome profiles similar to GFP+ cells harvested from Col2.3GFP mouse bone chips. Functionally, Col2.3GFP+ iOBs form mineralized bone structures after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice and contribute to bone healing in a tibia bone fracture model. These findings provide an approach to derive and study osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pinglin Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Frederic Shapiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Liu SS, Lin TY, Fu E, Hsia YJ, Chiu HC, Tu HP, Chiang CY. Immediate hyperbaric oxygen after tooth extraction ameliorates bisphosphonate-related osteonecrotic lesion in rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1449-1456. [PMID: 31257597 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) applied immediately after tooth extraction could ameliorate medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats. METHODS To evaluate whether osteonecrosis could be successfully induced, healing of extraction maxillary molars was examined in 40 female Sprague Dawley rats received zoledronic acid (7.5 µg/kg) plus dexamethasone (1 mg/kg). Rats were divided into four groups, receiving zero, two, four, or seven injection(s) for 7 days, respectively. Effect of HBO, pressurized to 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) at rate of 0.15 ATA/min with 100% oxygen for 90 minutes, applied immediately after tooth extraction, on the development of osteonecrosis was evaluated. Lesions among groups were compared by size of ulceration, exact area (mm2 ) or relative area (%), and by histology. RESULTS Unhealed ridge was observed in all nine rats in four and seven injection groups, but none of 10 rats in the control (non-injection) group. Immediate HBO significantly reduced the lesions in rats that received four injections, regardless of the distribution and the total/relative areas of lesions (P <0.01). Histological findings showed the lesions were uncovered epithelium and severe tissue inflammation. CONCLUSION This is the first in vivo study demonstrating the HBO applied immediately after tooth extraction effectively decreases the development of medication-related osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao-Shen Liu
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Yi Lin
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Private Practice, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Earl Fu
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jan Hsia
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Pei Tu
- Department of Oral hygiene, Hsin-Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Toayuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yang Chiang
- Periodontics Division, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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An J, Li G, Zhang J, Zhou H, Jiang J, Wang X, Feng X, Wang S. GNAS knockdown suppresses osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via activation of Hippo signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22299-22310. [PMID: 31148202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a suitable option for cell-based tissue engineering therapies due to their ability to renew and differentiate into multiple different tissue types, such as bone. Over the last decade, the effect of GNAS on the regulation of osteoblast differentiation has attracted great attention. Herein, this study aimed to explore the role of GNAS in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. A total of 85 GNASf/f male mice were selected for animal experiments and 10 GNASf/f male mice for BMSC isolation to conduct cell experiments. The mice and BMSCs were treated with Verteporfin (a Hippo signaling pathway inhibitor) to inhibit the Hippo signaling pathway or recombinant adenovirus-expressing Cre to knockout the GNAS expression. Next, computed tomography scan, Von Kossa staining, and alizarin red staining were performed to detect osteogenic differentiation ability. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to assess the expression of Oc and Osx in femur tissues and ALP activity. At last, the expression of GNAS, osteogenic markers, and factors related to the Hippo signaling pathway was evaluated. Initially, the results displayed successful knockout of the GNAS gene from mice and BMSCs. Moreover, the data indicated that GNAS knockout inhibits expression of Oc, Osx, ALP, BMP-2, and Runx2, and ALP activity. Additionally, GNAS knockout promotes activation of the Hippo signaling pathway, so as to repress osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, depleted GNAS exerts an inhibitory role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by activating Hippo signaling pathway, providing a candidate mediator for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdong An
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Feng
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanke Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Liang P, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Hou Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Quan C. Bioactive 3D scaffolds self-assembled from phosphorylated mimicking peptide amphiphiles to enhance osteogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:34-48. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1505264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yulin Hou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changyun Quan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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10
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Deng L, Hu G, Jin L, Wang C, Niu H. Involvement of microRNA-23b in TNF-α-reduced BMSC osteogenic differentiation via targeting runx2. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:648-660. [PMID: 29234953 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanism governing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation is of great importance for improving the treatment of osteoporosis. TNF-α is a well-known inhibitory factor during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In our experiment, we consistently observed that TNF-α significantly inhibited BMSC osteogenic differentiation, which was partially rescued by BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor). In this study, we examined the potential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in TNF-α-mediated reduction of BMSC osteogenesis. We found that microRNA-23b (miR-23b) was dramatically induced under the stimulation of TNF-α, which was abolished by BAY 11-7082. Similar to the effect of TNF-α, miR-23b agonist (agomir-23b) obviously impaired BMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. However, agomir-23b had no effect on osteoclast activity. Overexpression of miR-23b significantly reduced runx2, the master transcription factor during osteogenesis, suggesting that miR-23b acts as an endogenous attenuator of runx2 in BMSCs. Mutation of the putative miR-23b binding site in runx2 mRNA blocked miR-23b-mediated repression of the runx2 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) luciferase reporter activity, suggesting that miR-23b directly binds to runx2 3'UTR. Furthermore, infection with Ad-runx2 (adenovirus carrying the entire CDS sequence of runx2) effectively rescued the inhibition of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in miR-23b-overexpressing cells, indicating that the inhibiting effect of miR-23b on osteogenesis is mediated by suppression of runx2. Moreover, caudal vein injection of agomir-23b notably caused severe osteoporosis in mice, and forced expression of runx2 by combined injecting Ad-runx2 attenuated the bone loss induced by miR-23b. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-23b was involved in TNF-α-mediated reduction of BMSC osteogenesis by targeting runx2. These findings may provide new insights into understanding the regulatory role of miR-23b in the process of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in inflammatory conditions and a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department of Traumatology, Shu Guang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Anorectal Surgery, Shanghai Min Hang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwen Niu
- Department of Traumatology, Shu Guang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Berberine derivative, Q8, stimulates osteogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:340-345. [PMID: 30190123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine has been implicated to be involved in maintaining bone health due to its anti-oxidative and osteogenic properties. However, low potency and low bioavailability limit the clinical development of the drug. To overcome these obstacles, we previously synthesized a compound, Q8, which is a structural homolog of berberine. The present study examined the pharmacological functions of Q8 to evaluate its potential use in bone regeneration with respect to osteoblast differentiation. Here, we report that Q8 enhanced BMP4-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transcription from the ALP promoter. In addition, Q8 suppressed the expression and activity of PPARγ (a known negative regulator of osteogenesis due to its stimulatory effects on adipogenesis and its role as an adipogenic transcription factor), which in turn increases β-catenin expression in the nucleus, and ultimately promotes osteoblast differentiation. Meanwhile, Q8 reversed the inhibitory effects of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, on osteoblast differentiation. This study demonstrated that Q8 promotes osteoblast differentiation via inhibition of PPARγ and the enhancement of osteoblast function by Q8 may contribute to the prevention for osteoporosis.
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12
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Kaczmarek M, Jurczyk K, Purwin D, Koper JK, Romaniuk A, Lipinska N, Jakubowicz J, Jurczyk MU. Molecular analysis of biocompatibility of anodized titanium with deposited silver nanodendrites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:437-444. [PMID: 30274076 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (>99.6% purity) and its anodically oxidized modifications, with and without deposited silver nanodendrites regarding its biocompatibility were evaluated. In human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblast cell lines grown on tested samples, the level of expression of genes encoding αV (ITGAV) and β1 (ITGB1) integrin subunits also genes encoding focal adhesion (FAK) and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) kinases was assessed. For this purpose, the qualitative and quantitative PCR technique was used. The expression of studied genes was dependent on the origin of cell lines and the type of evaluated material. The high expression of PBGD and ITGAV genes in fibroblasts grown on the surface of anodically modified titanium with deposited silver nanodendrites indicates potentially high biocompatibility of these samples for soft tissue cells. The high expression of the ITGB1 and ERK1 genes and the enhanced expression of the FAK gene in osteoblasts cells grown on the tested material was also observed. Summarizing, the nanocrystalline Ti modified with silver deposits showed higher biocompatibility in comparison with the conventional pure Ti samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Jurczyk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Purwin
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jeremiasz K Koper
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Romaniuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Lipinska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jakubowicz
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mieczyslawa U Jurczyk
- Division Mother's and Child's Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Zhang H, Li H. Tricin enhances osteoblastogenesis through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells. Mech Dev 2018; 152:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Determining Osteogenic Differentiation Efficacy of Pluripotent Stem Cells by Telomerase Activity. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:751-760. [PMID: 30603593 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone tissue engineering based on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a new approach to deal with bone defects. Protocols have been developed to generate osteoblasts from PSCs. However, the low efficiency of this process is still an important issue that needs to be resolved. Many studies have aimed to improve efficiency, but developing accurate methods to determine efficacy is also critical. Studies using pluripotency to estimate efficacy are rare. Telomerase is highly associated with pluripotency. Methods We have described a quantitative method to measure telomerase activity, telomeric repeat elongation assay based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). To investigate whether this method could be used to determine the efficiency of in vitro osteogenic differentiation based on pluripotency, we measured the pluripotency pattern of cultures through stemness gene expression, proliferation ability and telomerase activity, measured by QCM. Results We showed that the pluripotency pattern determined by QCM was similar to the patterns of proliferation ability and gene expression, which showed a slight upregulation at the late stages, within the context of the general downregulation tendency during differentiation. Additionally, a comprehensive gene expression pattern covering nearly every stage of differentiation was identified. Conclusion Therefore, this assay may be powerful tools for determining the efficiency of differentiation systems based on pluripotency. In this study, we not only introduce a new method for determining efficiency based on pluripotency, but also provide more information about the characteristics of osteogenic differentiation which help facilitate future development of more efficient protocols.
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15
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Pluripotent stem cells as a source of osteoblasts for bone tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2018; 196:31-45. [PMID: 29456164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate and abundant sources of bone-forming osteoblasts are essential for bone tissue engineering. Pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and thereby offer a potentially unlimited supply of osteoblasts, a significant advantage over other cell sources. We generated mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from transgenic mice expressing rat 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP), a reporter of the osteoblast lineage. We demonstrated that Col2.3GFP ESCs and iPSCs can be successfully differentiated to osteoblast lineage cells that express Col2.3GFP in vitro. We harvested GFP+ osteoblasts differentiated from ESCs. Genome wide gene expression profiles validated that ESC- and iPSC-derived osteoblasts resemble calvarial osteoblasts, and that Col2.3GFP expression serves as a marker for mature osteoblasts. Our results confirm the cell identity of ESC- and iPSC-derived osteoblasts and highlight the potential of pluripotent stem cells as a source of osteoblasts for regenerative medicine.
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16
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Heo SY, Ko SC, Nam SY, Oh J, Kim YM, Kim JI, Kim N, Yi M, Jung WK. Fish bone peptide promotes osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts through upregulation of MAPKs and Smad pathways activated BMP-2 receptor. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:137-146. [PMID: 29392739 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fish bone, a by-product of fishery processing, is composed of protein, calcium, and other minerals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a bioactive peptide isolated from the bone of the marine fish, Johnius belengerii, on the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Post consecutive purification by liquid chromatography, a potent osteogenic peptide, composed of 3 amino acids, Lys-Ser-Ala (KSA, MW: 304.17 Da), was identified. The purified peptide promoted cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposition, and expression levels of phenotypic markers of osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast. The purified peptide induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as Smads. As attested by molecular modelling study, the purified peptide interacted with the core interface residues in bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity. Thus, the purified peptide could serve as a potential pharmacological substance for controlling bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yeong Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Namwon Kim
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Myunggi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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17
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McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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18
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Wang CL, Xiao F, Wang CD, Zhu JF, Shen C, Zuo B, Wang H, Li D, Wang XY, Feng WJ, Li ZK, Hu GL, Zhang X, Chen XD. Gremlin2 Suppression Increases the BMP-2-Induced Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via the BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:286-297. [PMID: 27335248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are essential for maintaining skeletal architecture and modulating bone microenvironment homeostasis. From numerous associated investigations, the BMP-2 pathway has been well-defined as a vital positive modulator of bone homeostasis. Gremlin2 (Grem2) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. However, the effect of Grem2 on the BMP-2-induced osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains ambiguous. This study aimed to analyze the procedure in vitro and in vivo. The differentiation of hBMSCs was assessed by determining the expression levels of several osteoblastic genes, as well as the enzymatic activity and calcification of alkaline phosphatase. We found that Grem2 expression was upregulated by BMP-2 within the range of 0-1 μg/mL, and significant increases were evident at 48, 72, and 96 h after BMP-2 treatment. Si-Grem2 increased the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, whereas overexpression of Grem2 had the opposite trend. The result was confirmed using a defective femur model. We also discovered that the BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 pathway played an important role in the process. This study showed that si-Grem2 increased the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via the BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 286-297, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - De Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jia Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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19
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Al-Kattan R, Retzepi M, Calciolari E, Donos N. Microarray gene expression during early healing of GBR-treated calvarial critical size defects. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:1248-1257. [PMID: 27616585 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the gene expression and molecular pathways implicated in the regulation of the osseous healing process following guided bone regeneration (GBR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Six 6-month-old Wistar male rats were used. Standardized 5-mm critical size defects were created in the parietal bones of each animal and treated with an extracranial and intracranial ePTFE membrane, according to the GBR principle. Three animals were randomly sacrificed after 7 and 15 days of healing. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and prepared for gene expression analysis. RNA quality and quantity were assessed, followed by hybridization of the cRNA to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Arrays. The Affymetrix data were processed, and first-order analysis, quality control and statistical analysis were performed. Biological interpretation was performed via pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. RESULTS Between the 7- and 15-day samples, 538 genes were differently regulated. At day 7, inflammatory and immune responses were clearly upregulated. In addition, GO terms related to angiogenesis and cell cycle regulation were overexpressed. At day 15, a more complex cellular activity and cell metabolism were evident. The bone formation processes were significantly overexpressed, with several genes encoding growth factors, enzyme activity, and extracellular matrix formation found as upregulated. Remarkably, a negative regulation of Wnt signalling pathway was observed at 15 days. DISCUSSION The gene expression profile of the cells participating in osseous formation varied depending on the healing stage. A number of candidate genes that seem differentially expressed during early stages of intramembranous bone regeneration was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Al-Kattan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - E Calciolari
- Department of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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20
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Misu A, Yamanaka H, Aramaki T, Kondo S, Skerrett IM, Iovine MK, Watanabe M. Two Different Functions of Connexin43 Confer Two Different Bone Phenotypes in Zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12601-12611. [PMID: 27129238 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish remain nearly the same shape as they grow, but there are two different modes of bone growth. Bones in the tail fin (fin ray segments) are added distally at the tips of the fins and do not elongate once produced. On the other hand, vertebrae enlarge in proportion to body growth. To elucidate how bone growth is controlled, we investigated a zebrafish mutant, steopsel (stp(tl28d)). Vertebrae of stp(tl28d) (/+) fish look normal in larvae (∼30 days) but are distinctly shorter (59-81%) than vertebrae of wild type fish in adults. In contrast, the lengths of fin rays are only slightly shorter (∼95%) than those of the wild type in both larvae and adults. Positional cloning revealed that stp encodes Connexin43 (Cx43), a connexin that functions as a gap junction and hemichannel. Interestingly, cx43 was also identified as the gene causing the short-of-fin (sof) phenotype, in which the fin ray segments are shorter but the vertebrae are normal. To identify the cause of this difference between the alleles, we expressed Cx43 exogenously in Xenopus oocytes and performed electrophysiological analysis of the mutant proteins. Gap junction coupling induced by Cx43(stp) or Cx43(sof) was reduced compared with Cx43-WT. On the other hand, only Cx43(stp) induced abnormally high (50× wild type) transmembrane currents through hemichannels. Our results suggest that Cx43 plays critical and diverse roles in zebrafish bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Misu
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Wang C, Yu T, Tan L, Cheng J. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile in callus tissues of osteoporotic phenotype mice induced by osteoblast-specific Krm2 overexpression. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 19:1263-1271. [PMID: 26929007 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. METHODS The gene expression profiles of callus tissues of osteoporotic mice and controls were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their related biological function and pathways were investigated. In addition, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for DEG encoding proteins and the differentially expressed transcriptional factor was screened. RESULTS There were 275 up-regulated genes and 347 down-regulated genes. The collagen metabolic process biological function was significantly enriched by down-regulated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction was a significant pathway that was enriched by differentially expressed genes. In PPI (protein-protein interaction) network, Pcna was the significant node with highest connective degrees. Other hub nodes, such as Ccnb2 and Rrm2, were closely associated with the p53 signaling pathway. Tal1 and Smad6 were found to be differentially expressed transcription factors. CONCLUSION The dysregulated collagen metabolic process, ECM-receptor interaction and p53 signaling pathway may be responsible for impaired fracture healing of osteoporotic mice. The hub nodes (such as Ccnb2 and Rrm2) and differentially expressed TFs (such as Tal1 and Smad6) play a critical role in bone remodeling of osteoporotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxue Wang
- Department of Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jieping Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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22
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Westhauser F, Weis C, Hoellig M, Swing T, Schmidmaier G, Weber MA, Stiller W, Kauczor HU, Moghaddam A. Heidelberg-mCT-Analyzer: a novel method for standardized microcomputed-tomography-guided evaluation of scaffold properties in bone and tissue research. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150496. [PMID: 26716008 PMCID: PMC4680623 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering and bone scaffold development represent two challenging fields in orthopaedic research. Micro-computed tomography (mCT) allows non-invasive measurement of these scaffolds' properties in vivo. However, the lack of standardized mCT analysis protocols and, therefore, the protocols' user-dependency make interpretation of the reported results difficult. To overcome these issues in scaffold research, we introduce the Heidelberg-mCT-Analyzer. For evaluation of our technique, we built 10 bone-inducing scaffolds, which underwent mCT acquisition before ectopic implantation (T0) in mice, and at explantation eight weeks thereafter (T1). The scaffolds' three-dimensional reconstructions were automatically segmented using fuzzy clustering with fully automatic level-setting. The scaffold itself and its pores were then evaluated for T0 and T1. Analysing the scaffolds' characteristic parameter set with our quantification method showed bone formation over time. We were able to demonstrate that our algorithm obtained the same results for basic scaffold parameters (e.g. scaffold volume, pore number and pore volume) as other established analysis methods. Furthermore, our algorithm was able to analyse more complex parameters, such as pore size range, tissue mineral density and scaffold surface. Our imaging and post-processing strategy enables standardized and user-independent analysis of scaffold properties, and therefore is able to improve the quantitative evaluations of scaffold-associated bone tissue-engineering projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Westhauser
- Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Christian Weis
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Melanie Hoellig
- Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Tyler Swing
- Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Wolfram Stiller
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
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Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha MG, Zia S, Oliveira Arcolino F, Carlon MS, Beckmann DV, Pippi NL, Luhers Graça D, Levtchenko E, Deprest J, Toelen J. Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells with a Renal Progenitor Phenotype Inhibit Interstitial Fibrosis in Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136145. [PMID: 26295710 PMCID: PMC4546614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human amniotic fluid (hAFSCs) are a promising source for cellular therapy, especially for renal disorders, as a subpopulation is derived from the fetal urinary tract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if hAFSCs with a renal progenitor phenotype demonstrate a nephroprotective effect in acute ischemia reperfusion (I/R) model and prevent late stage fibrosis. Methods A total of 45 male 12-wk-old Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups;: rats subjected to I/R injury and treated with Chang Medium, rats subjected to I/R injury and treated with hAFSCs and sham-operated animals. In the first part of this study, hAFSCs that highly expressed CD24, CD117, SIX2 and PAX2 were isolated and characterized. In the second part, renal I/R injury was induced in male rats and cellular treatment was performed 6 hours later via arterial injection. Functional and histological analyses were performed 24 hours, 48 hours and 2 months after treatment using serum creatinine, urine protein to creatinine ratio, inflammatory and regeneration markers and histomorphometric analysis of the kidney. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons or by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn. Statistical significance level was defined as p <0.05. Results hAFSCs treatment resulted in significantly reduced serum creatinine level at 24 hours, less tubular necrosis, less hyaline cast formation, higher proliferation index, less inflammatory cell infiltration and less myofibroblasts at 48h. The treated group had less fibrosis and proteinuria at 2 months after injury. Conclusion hAFSCs contain a renal progenitor cell subpopulation that has a nephroprotective effect when delivered intra-arterially in rats with renal I/R injury, and reduces interstitial fibrosis on long term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gabriela Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Fetal therapy group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Experimental Veterinary Surgery Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Silvia Zia
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Fetal therapy group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fanny Oliveira Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sylvia Carlon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann
- Experimental Veterinary Surgery Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ney Luis Pippi
- Experimental Veterinary Surgery Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Dominguita Luhers Graça
- Experimental Veterinary Surgery Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Fetal therapy group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Fetal therapy group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Shibasaki S, Kitano S, Karasaki M, Tsunemi S, Sano H, Iwasaki T. Blocking c-Met signaling enhances bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteoblast differentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:341-7. [PMID: 25941631 PMCID: PMC4415006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Role of c-Met signaling in osteoblast differentiation was investigated. Osteoblast differentiation was determined by ALP and osteocalcin production by C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. c-Met signaling negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Blocking c-Met signaling might serve as a therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.
We previously demonstrated that blocking hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor/c-Met signaling inhibited arthritis and articular bone destruction in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated the role of c-Met signaling in osteoblast differentiation using the C2C12 myoblast cell line derived from murine satellite cells and the MC3T3-E1 murine pre-osteoblast cell line. Osteoblast differentiation was induced by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 or osteoblast-inducer reagent in the presence or absence of either HGF antagonist (NK4) or c-Met inhibitor (SU11274). Osteoblast differentiation was confirmed by Runx2 expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin production by the cells. Production of ALP, osteocalcin and HGF was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Runx2 expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The phosphorylation status of ERK1/2, AKT, and Smads was determined by Western blot analysis. Both NK4 and SU11274 enhanced Runx2 expression, and ALP and osteocalcin production but suppressed HGF production in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. SU11274 also enhanced ALP and osteocalcin production in osteoblast-inducer reagent-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. SU11274 inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in HGF-stimulated C2C12 cells. This result suggested that ERK and AKT were functional downstream of the c-Met signaling pathway. However, both mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor suppressed osteocalcin and HGF production in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. Furthermore, SU11274, MEK, and PI3K inhibitor suppressed Smad phosphorylation in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. These results indicate that although the c-Met-MEK-ERK-Smad and c-Met-PI3K-AKT-Smad signaling pathways positively regulate osteoblast differentiation, c-Met signaling negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation, independent of the MEK-ERK-Smad and PI3K-AKT-Smad pathways. Therefore, blocking c-Met signaling might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the repair of destructed bone in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shibasaki
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachie Kitano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Karasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachi Tsunemi
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hajime Sano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan ; Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
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Yildirim-Semerci C, Benayahu D, Adamovski M, Wollenberger U. An Electrochemical Assay for Monitoring Differentiation of the Osteoblastic Cell Line (MBA-15) on the Sensor Chip. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy accelerates osteoblast differentiation and promotes bone formation. J Dent 2014; 43:382-8. [PMID: 25456611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of radiotherapy or bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw however the effect of HBO on osteoblast formation and mineralisation has not been extensively studied. The current study therefore examined the effects of HBO, elevated pressure or elevated oxygen alone on osteoblast differentiation and bone nodule formation. METHODS Saos-2 human osteoblast cells were exposed to HBO (2.4 ATA, 97.9% O2, 90 min per day), elevated pressure alone (2.4 ATA, 8.8% O2, 90 min per day) or elevated oxygen alone (1 ATA, 95% O2, 90 min per day) after culturing under normoxic or hypoxic conditions and osteoblast differentiation and bone formation assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and calcein incorporation. Expression of key regulators of osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix proteins were assessed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Daily exposure to HBO accelerated the rate of osteoblast differentiation as determined by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of type I collagen and Runx-2 mRNA during the early stages of culture. HBO also augmented bone nodule formation in hypoxic conditions. HBO had a more pronounced effect on these key markers of osteoblast differentiation than elevated oxygen or pressure alone. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study shows that daily HBO treatment accelerated the rate of osteoblast differentiation leading to an increase in bone formation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These studies add to our understanding of HBO's reparative action in osteonecrotic bone loss. In addition to stimulating angiogenesis HBO may also improve surgical outcomes through a direct beneficial effect on osteoblast differentiation generating a larger bone mass available for reconstruction.
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Zhou M, Ma J, Chen S, Chen X, Yu X. MicroRNA-17-92 cluster regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Endocrine 2014; 45:302-10. [PMID: 23673870 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play important functions during osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The miR-17~92 cluster is highly conserved in all vertebrates. Loss-of-function of the miR-17-92 cluster results in smaller embryos and immediate postnatal death of all animals. Germline hemizygous deletions of MIR17HG are accounted for microcephaly, short stature, and digital abnormalities in a few cases of Feingold syndrome. These reports indicate that miR-17~92 may play important function in skeletal development and mature. To determine the functional roles of miR-17~92 in bone metabolism as well as osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Murine embryonic stem cells D3 and osteoprogenitor cell line MC3T3-E1 were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts; the expression of miR-17-92 was assayed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The skeletal phenotypes were assayed in mice heterozygous for miR-17~92 (miR-17~92 (+/Δ) ). To determine the possibly direct function of miR-17~92 in bone cells, osteoblasts from miR-17~92 (+/Δ) mice were investigated by ex vivo cell culture. miR-17, miR-92a, and miR-20a within miR-17-92 cluster were expressed at high level in bone tissue and osteoblasts. The expression of miR-17-92 was down-regulated along with osteoblast differentiation, the lowest level was found in mature osteoblasts. Compared to wildtype controls, miR-17-92 (+/Δ) mice showed significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone mineral density, bone volume and trabecular number at 10 weeks old. mRNA expression of Runx2 and type I collagen was significantly lower in bone from miR-17-92 (+/Δ) mice. Osteoblasts from miR-17-92 (+/Δ) mice showed lower proliferation rate, ALP activity and less calcification. Our research suggests that the miR-17-92 cluster critically regulates bone metabolism, and this regulation is mostly through its function in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhou
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Repic D, Torreggiani E, Franceschetti T, Matthews BG, Ivcevic S, Lichtler AC, Grcevic D, Kalajzic I. Utilization of transgenic models in the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:296-304. [PMID: 23782451 PMCID: PMC3893759 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.814646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be induced to differentiate into cells showing a mature osteoblastic phenotype by culturing them under osteo-inductive conditions. It is probable that osteogenic differentiation requires that ESCs undergo differentiation through an intermediary step involving a mesenchymal lineage precursor. Based on our previous studies indicating that adult mesenchymal progenitor cells express α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), we have generated ESCs from transgenic mice in which an αSMA promoter directs the expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP) to mesenchymal progenitor cells. To track the transition of ESC-derived MSCs into mature osteoblasts, we have utilized a bone-specific fragment of rat type I collagen promoter driving green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP). Following osteogenic induction in ESCs, we have observed expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and subsequent mineralization as detected by von Kossa staining. After 1 week of osteogenic induction, ESCs begin to express αSMARFP. This expression was localized to the peripheral area encircling a typical ESC colony. Nevertheless, these αSMARFP positive cells did not show activation of the Col2.3GFP promoter, even after 7 weeks of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In contrast, Col2.3GFP expression was detected in vivo, in mineralized areas following teratoma formation. Our results indicate that detection of ALP activity and mineralization of ESCs cultured under osteogenic conditions is not sufficient to demonstrate osteogenic maturation. Our study indicates the utility of the promoter-visual transgene approach to assess the commitment and differentiation of ESCs into the osteoblast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Repic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,University of Split, School of Dental Medicine, Split Croatia
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tiziana Franceschetti
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brya G. Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sanja Ivcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alexander C. Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Salinas AJ, Esbrit P, Vallet-Regí M. A tissue engineering approach based on the use of bioceramics for bone repair. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:40-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kumarasinghe DD, Sullivan T, Kuliwaba JS, Fazzalari NL, Atkins GJ. Evidence for the dysregulated expression of TWIST1, TGFβ1 and SMAD3 in differentiating osteoblasts from primary hip osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1357-66. [PMID: 22820497 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared human primary osteoblasts derived from hip osteoarthritis (OA) cases against controls (CTLs) to investigate candidate OA disease genes, twist homologue 1 (TWIST1), wingless MMTV integration site family member 5B (WNT5B), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ1) and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), during osteoblast differentiation, relative to calcium apposition and elemental mineral composition. MATERIALS & METHODS Primary osteoblast cultures were generated from intertrochanteric trabecular bone samples from five female primary hip OA cases and five age-matched female CTLs. During a 42-day differentiation time-course, alizarin red stains, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to quantify calcium, elemental composition and gene expression, respectively. Data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and Pearson correlation matrices. RESULTS Significant differences, correlations and associations were found in OA and CTL osteoblasts between gene and mineral measures. The calcium: phosphorous (Ca:P) ratio was significantly more varied in OA compared to CTL. Calcium apposition, mineral composition as well as TWIST1 and TGFβ1 mRNA expression changed significantly over time. TWIST1 mRNA expression was elevated and correlated with SMAD3 mRNA levels in the OA cohort during the time-course. Associations were observed between tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), osteocalcin (OCN), TWIST1, TGFβ1, SMAD3 mRNA levels and mineral measures in OA against CTL. Temporal differences between SMAD3 mRNA expression and mineral composition were also found in OA. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of TWIST1, TGFβ1 and SMAD3 mRNA observed in OA bone is reflected in the functionality of the osteoblast when these cells are cultured ex vivo. The results presented here are consistent with at least part of the aetiology of primary hip OA deriving from altered intrinsic properties of the osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Kumarasinghe
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Zhang S, Kaplan FS, Shore EM. Different roles of GNAS and cAMP signaling during early and late stages of osteogenic differentiation. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:724-31. [PMID: 22903279 PMCID: PMC3557937 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) are genetic diseases of bone formation at opposite ends of the osteogenic spectrum: imperfect osteogenesis of the skeleton occurs in FD, while heterotopic ossification in skin, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle forms in POH. POH is caused by heterozygous inactivating germline mutations in GNAS, which encodes G-protein subunits regulating the cAMP pathway, while FD is caused by GNAS somatic activating mutations. We used pluripotent mouse ES cells to examine the effects of Gnas dysregulation on osteoblast differentiation. At the earliest stages of osteogenesis, Gnas transcripts Gsα, XLαs and 1A are expressed at low levels and cAMP levels are also low. Inhibition of cAMP signaling (as in POH) by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine enhanced osteoblast differentiation while conversely, increased cAMP signaling (as in FD), induced by forskolin, inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Notably, increased cAMP was inhibitory for osteogenesis only at early stages after osteogenic induction. Expression of osteogenic and adipogenic markers showed that increased cAMP enhanced adipogenesis and impaired osteoblast differentiation even in the presence of osteogenic factors, supporting cAMP as a critical regulator of osteoblast and adipocyte lineage commitment. Furthermore, increased cAMP signaling decreased BMP pathway signaling, indicating that G protein-cAMP pathway activation (as in FD) inhibits osteoblast differentiation, at least in part by blocking the BMP-Smad pathway, and suggesting that GNAS inactivation as occurs in POH enhances osteoblast differentiation, at least in part by stimulating BMP signaling. These data support that differences in cAMP levels during early stages of cell differentiation regulate cell fate decisions. Supporting information available online at http:/www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/hmr.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F. S. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. M. Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ramis JM, Rubert M, Vondrasek J, Gayà A, Lyngstadaas SP, Monjo M. Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative and of Proline-Rich Synthetic Peptides on the Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward the Osteogenic Lineage. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1253-63. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Maria Ramis
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Rubert
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antoni Gayà
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Marta Monjo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Cooper A, Leung M, Zhang M. Polymeric Fibrous Matrices for Substrate-Mediated Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lineage Differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:882-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sakai S, Inagaki H, Liu Y, Matsuyama T, Kihara T, Miyake J, Kawakami K, Taya M. Rapidly serum-degradable hydrogel templating fabrication of spherical tissues and curved tubular structures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Neman J, Hambrecht A, Cadry C, Jandial R. Stem cell-mediated osteogenesis: therapeutic potential for bone tissue engineering. Biologics 2012; 6:47-57. [PMID: 22500114 PMCID: PMC3324839 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration often requires bony spinal fusion for long-term relief. Current arthrodesis procedures use bone grafts from autogenous bone, allogenic backed bone, or synthetic materials. Autogenous bone grafts can result in donor site morbidity and pain at the donor site, while allogenic backed bone and synthetic materials have variable effectiveness. Given these limitations, researchers have focused on new treatments that will allow for safe and successful bone repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells have received attention for their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, cells that synthesize new bone. With the recent advances in scaffold and biomaterial technology as well as stem cell manipulation and transplantation, stem cells and their scaffolds are uniquely positioned to bring about significant improvements in the treatment and outcomes of spinal fusion and other injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Neman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte
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Webb BT, Norrdin RW, Smirnova NP, Campen HV, Weiner CM, Antoniazzi AQ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Hansen TR. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Cyclically Impairs Long Bone Trabecular Modeling in Experimental Persistently Infected Fetuses. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:930-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812436746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been associated with osteopetrosis and other long bone lesions, most commonly characterized as transverse zones of unmodeled metaphyseal trabeculae in fetuses and calves. This study was undertaken to characterize the morphogenesis of fetal long bone lesions. Forty-six BVDV-naïve pregnant Hereford heifers of approximately 18 months of age were inoculated with noncytopathic BVDV type 2 containing media or media alone on day 75 of gestation to produce PI and control fetuses, respectively, which were collected via cesarean section on days 82, 89, 97, 192, and 245 of gestation. Radiographic and histomorphometric abnormalities were first detected on day 192, at which age PI fetal long bone metaphyses contained focal densities (4 of 7 fetuses) and multiple alternating transverse radiodense bands (3 of 7 fetuses). Day 245 fetuses were similarly affected. Histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses from day 192 fetuses revealed transverse zones with increased calcified cartilage core (Cg.V/BV, %) and trabecular bone (BV/TV, %) volumes in regions corresponding to radiodense bands ( P < .05). Numbers of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts (N.Oc/BS, #/mm2) and bone perimeter occupied (Oc.S/BS, %) were both decreased ( P < .05). Mineralizing surface (MS/BS, %), a measure of tissue level bone formation activity, was reduced in PI fetuses ( P < .05). It is concluded that PI with BVDV induces cyclic abnormal trabecular modeling, which is secondary to reduced numbers of osteoclasts. The factors responsible for these temporal changes are unknown but may be related to the time required for osteoclast differentiation from precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Webb
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - R. W. Norrdin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - N. P. Smirnova
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - H. Van Campen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C. M. Weiner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A. Q. Antoniazzi
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - T. R. Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Cai YZ, Zhang GR, Wang LL, Jiang YZ, Ouyang HW, Zou XH. Novel biodegradable three-dimensional macroporous scaffold using aligned electrospun nanofibrous yarns for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1187-94. [PMID: 22345081 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a practical three-dimensional (3D) macroporous scaffold from aligned electrospun nanofibrous yarns for bone tissue engineering. A novel 3D unwoven macroporous nanofibrous (MNF) scaffold was manufactured with electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) and polycaprolactone (w/w 9:1) nanofibers through sequential yarns manufacture and honeycombing process at 65°C. The efficacy of 3D MNF scaffold for bone formation were evaluated using human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs) differentiation model and rabbit tibia bone defect model. In vitro, more cell proliferation and cell ingrowth were observed in 3D MNF scaffold. Moreover, calcium deposit was obviously detected in vitro differentiation of hESC-MSCs. In vivo, histology and X-ray showed that 3D MNF scaffold treated bone defect had fine 3D bony tissue formation around the scaffold as well as inside the scaffold at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. This study demonstrated that 3D MNF scaffold provides a structural support for hESC-MSCs growth and guides bone formation suggesting that this novel strategy successfully makes use of electrospun fibers for bone tissue engineering, which may help realize the clinical translation of electrospun nanofibers for regenerative medicine in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhi Cai
- Center for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Krawetz RJ, Taiani JT, Wu YE, Liu S, Meng G, Matyas JR, Rancourt DE. Collagen I scaffolds cross-linked with beta-glycerol phosphate induce osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro and regulate their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1014-24. [PMID: 22166057 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into all tissues of the adult organism. This, along with the ability for unlimited self-renewal, positions these cells for regenerative medicine approaches based on tissue engineering strategies. With the objective of developing a treatment regime for skeletal injuries and diseases, this study presents a novel protocol that effectively induces ESC differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages while concurrently eliminating observed tumorigenicity during the period of observation after transplantation in vivo. Exposure to a collagen I matrix polymerized with beta-glycerol phosphate (BGP) induced the osteogenic differentiation of the ESCs with an efficiency of >80% without purification and/or lineage-specific cell selection. Furthermore, when the collagen I matrix was supplemented with chondroitin sulfate, chondrogenesis was promoted instead of osteogenesis. Interestingly, without purification of the differentiated cells from the collagen I matrix, these constructs did not lead to the formation of teratomas or tumors when implanted subcutaneously in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Furthermore, if undifferentiated ESCs were mixed with collagen I and then injected immediately (i.e., without previous in vitro differentiation), again, no teratomas or tumors were observed, whereas undifferentiated ESCs without collagen scaffolds all produced teratomas in this bioassay system. These results suggest that collagen I scaffolds not only induce osteogenic differentiation of ESCs, but also prevent ESCs from producing unwanted tumors when injected in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Krawetz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Naveena N, Venugopal J, Rajeswari R, Sundarrajan S, Sridhar R, Shayanti M, Narayanan S, Ramakrishna S. Biomimetic composites and stem cells interaction for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Baud'Huin M, Charrier C, Bougras G, Brion R, Lezot F, Padrines M, Heymann D. Proteoglycans and osteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 836:323-37. [PMID: 22252644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteolysis is a complex mechanism resulting from an exacerbated activity of osteoclasts associated or not with a dysregulation of osteoblast metabolism leading to bone loss. This bone defect is not compensated by bone apposition or by apposition of bone matrix with poor mechanical quality. Osteolytic process is regulated by mechanical constraints, by polypeptides including cytokines and hormones, and by extracellular matrix components such as proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Several studies revealed that GAGs may influence osteoclastogenesis, but data are very controversial: some studies showed a repressive effect of GAGs on osteoclastic differentiation, whereas others described a stimulatory effect. The controversy also affects osteoblasts which appear sometimes inhibited by polysaccharides and sometimes stimulated by these compounds. Furthermore, long-term treatment with heparin leads to the development of osteoporosis fueling the controversy. After a brief description of the principal osteoclastogenesis assays, the present chapter summarizes the main data published on the effect of PGs/GAGs on bone cells and their functional incidence on osteolysis.
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Illich DJ, Demir N, Stojković M, Scheer M, Rothamel D, Neugebauer J, Hescheler J, Zöller JE. Concise review: induced pluripotent stem cells and lineage reprogramming: prospects for bone regeneration. Stem Cells 2011; 29:555-63. [PMID: 21308867 DOI: 10.1002/stem.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue for transplantation therapies is in high demand in clinics. Osteodegenerative diseases, in particular, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, represent serious public health issues affecting a respectable proportion of the elderly population. Furthermore, congenital indispositions from the spectrum of craniofacial malformations such as cleft palates and systemic disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta are further increasing the need for bone tissue. Additionally, the reconstruction of fractured bone elements after accidents and the consumption of bone parts during surgical tumor excisions represent frequent clinical situations with deficient availability of healthy bone tissue for therapeutic transplantations. Epigenetic reprogramming represents a powerful technology for the generation of healthy patient-specific cells to replace or repair diseased or damaged tissue. The recent generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is probably the most promising among these approaches dominating the literature of current stem cell research. It allows the generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human skin cells from which potentially all cell types of the human body could be obtained. Another technique to produce clinically interesting cell types is direct lineage reprogramming (LR) with the additional advantage that it can be applied directly in vivo to reconstitute a damaged organ. Here, we want to present the two technologies of iPSCs and LR, to outline the current states of research, and to discuss possible strategies for their implementation in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir J Illich
- Medical Center, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Kuske B, Savkovic V, zur Nieden NI. Improved media compositions for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 690:195-215. [PMID: 21042995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-962-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation procedures leading to osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been established and well upgraded over the past decade. Novel cell-culture conditions, signaling inducers, and chemical modifications of cellular environment have been found and optimized for use as steering or supporting modules in ESC differentiation. While most of the novel studies of osteoblasts or chondrocytes differentiated from ESCs deal with their regenerative potential, the "childhood diseases" of basic differentiation have not yet been quite solved. Purification procedures are still facing a lack of exclusive markers for osteogenic progenitors and a collateral development of other cell types at the end points of differentiation that possibly lead to teratomas. This chapter discusses the role of novel markers and inducers in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, their effect on signaling pathways, particularly on that of Wnt/beta-catenin, and the time-specific manner of their action. We present an improved osteogenic differentiation protocol based on the hanging drop method and a time-optimized use of 1α,25-(OH)(2) vitamin D(3), all-trans retinoic acid, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) with an end point efficiency increased up to 90% and a protocol for chondrogenic differentiation, which employs BMP-2 and transforming growth factor β1 as chondrogenic inducers, with 60% chondrogenic end point efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kuske
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Ward BB, Brown SE, Krebsbach PH. Bioengineering strategies for regeneration of craniofacial bone: a review of emerging technologies. Oral Dis 2010; 16:709-16. [PMID: 20534013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in surgical techniques and bone grafting have significantly improved the functional and cosmetic restoration of craniofacial structures lost because of trauma or disease, there are still significant limitations in our ability to regenerate these tissues. The regeneration of oral and craniofacial tissues presents a formidable challenge that requires synthesis of basic science, clinical science, and engineering technology. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of study that addresses this challenge by applying the principles of engineering to biology and medicine toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, and improve normal function. This review will explore the impact of biomaterials design, stem cell biology and gene therapy on craniofacial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Ward
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Determination of the differentiation capacities of murines' primary mononucleated cells and MC3T3-E1 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:42. [PMID: 20979664 PMCID: PMC2984396 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main morphological features of primitive cells, such as stem and progenitor cells, are that these cells consists only one nucleus. The main purpose of this study was to determine the differentiation capacities of stem and progenitor cells. This study was performed using mononucleated cells originated from murine peripheral blood and MC3T3-E1 cells. Three approaches were used to determine their differentiation capacities: 1) Biochemical assays, 2) Gene expression analysis, and 3) Morphological observations. Results We found that both cells were able to differentiate into mature osteoblasts, as assayed by ALP activity. RT-PCR analysis showed the activation of the Opn gene after osteoblast differentiation. Morphological observations of both cells revealed the formation of black or dark-brown nodules after von Kossa staining. Nevertheless, only mononucleated cells showed the significant increase in TRAP activity characteristic of mature osteoclasts. The osteoclast-specific CatK gene was only upregulated in mononucleated cells. Morphological observations indicated the existence of multinucleated osteoclasts. Sca-1 was activated only in undifferentiated mononucleated cells, indicating that the cells were hematopoietic stem cells. In both cell lines, the housekeeping Gapdh gene was activated before and after differentiation. Conclusion The isolated mononucleated cells were able to differentiate into both osteoblasts and osteoclasts; indicating that they are stem cells. On the other hand, MC3T3-E1 cells can only differentiate into osteoblasts; a characteristic of progenitor cells.
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Goodman ML, Chen S, Yang FC, Chan RJ. Novel method of murine embryonic stem cell-derived osteoclast development. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 18:195-200. [PMID: 18616393 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells are self-renewing pluripotent cells that bear the capacity to differentiate into ectoderm-, endoderm-, and mesoderm-derived tissues. In suspension culture, embryonic stem (ES) cells grow into spherical embryoid bodies (EBs) and are useful for the study of specific gene products in the development and function of various tissue types. Osteoclasts are hematopoietic stem cell-derived cells that participate in bone turnover by secreting resorptive molecules such as hydrochloric acid and acidic proteases, which degrade the bone extracellular matrix. Aberrant osteoclast function leads to dysplastic, erosive, and sclerosing bone diseases. Previous studies have reported the derivation of osteoclasts from mES cells; however, most of these protocols require coculture with stromal cell lines. We describe two simplified, novel methods of stromal cell-independent ES cell-derived osteoclast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Goodman
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Vigier S, Helary C, Fromigue O, Marie P, Giraud-Guille MM. Collagen supramolecular and suprafibrillar organizations on osteoblasts long-term behavior: benefits for bone healing materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:556-67. [PMID: 20198699 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the behavior of osteoblastic cells seeded on three structurally distinct collagen-based materials. Adhesion and long-term behavior were evaluated in vitro in regard to collagen scaffolds forming loose or dense fibrillar networks or exempt of fibrils. In this purpose collagen solutions at concentrations of 5 and 40 mg/mL were processed by freeze-drying or by sol/gel fibrillogenesis to form either sponges or hydrogels. Macroscopic and microscopic images of sponges showed a light material exhibiting large pores surrounded by dense collagen walls made of thin unstriated microfibrils of 20 nm in diameter. In comparison collagen hydrogels are more homogeneous materials, at 5 mg/mL the material consists of a regular network of cross-striated collagen fibrils of 100 nm in diameter. At 40 mg/mL the material appears stiffer, the ultrastructure exhibits cross-striated collagen fibrils packed in large bundles of 300-800 nm of width. Human osteoblastic cells seeded on top of the 5 mg/mL matrices exhibit a squared shaped osteoblast-like morphology over 28 days of culture and express both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Osteoblastic cells seeded on top of sponges or of 40 mg/mL matrices exhibit both flat and elongated resting-osteoblast morphology. Osteoblastic cells have mineralized the three collagen-based materials after 28 days of culture but collagen sponges spontaneously mineralized in absence of cells. These results highlight, in an in vitro cell culture approach, the benefit of fibrils and of dense fibrillar networks close to in vivo-like tissues, as positive criteria for new bone tissue repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Vigier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PARIS VI, Laboratoire Chimie Matière Condensée, CNRS, UMR 7574, 4 place jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Sakai S, Ito S, Kawakami K. Calcium alginate microcapsules with spherical liquid cores templated by gelatin microparticles for mass production of multicellular spheroids. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3132-7. [PMID: 20144915 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids are important in biomedical applications, such as drug research and regenerative medicine. We developed microcapsules from sodium alginate and gelatin for mass production of size-controlled spheroids with diameters <200 microm. The microcapsules were composed of calcium alginate gels with spherical liquid cores (diameter approximately 150 microm) for formation of spheroids. The spherical liquid cores were prepared by incubating calcium alginate microcapsules containing thermally gelled, cell-enclosing gelatin microparticles about 150 microm in diameter, at 37 degrees C. The gelatin microparticles were encapsulated within the microcapsules by dropping a sodium alginate solution containing suspended gelatin microparticles into 100 mM CaCl(2). The enclosed feline renal fibroblast cell line, CRFK, cells showed 93.8% viability immediately after encapsulation, then grew and completely filled the spherical cores. Multicellular spheroids were collected within 1 min by soaking microcapsules in a medium containing alginate lyase.
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Jukes JM, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J. Skeletal tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:165-80. [PMID: 19967745 DOI: 10.1002/term.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Various cell types have been investigated as candidate cell sources for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In this review, we focused on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their potential in cartilage and bone tissue engineering. A decade ago, mouse ESCs were first used as a model to study cartilage and bone development and essential genes, factors and conditions for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were unravelled. This knowledge, combined with data from the differentiation of adult stem cells, led to successful chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mouse ESCs and later also human ESCs. Next, researchers focused on the use of ESCs for skeletal tissue engineering. Cartilage and bone tissue was formed in vivo using ESCs. However, the amount, homogeneity and stability of the cartilage and bone formed were still insufficient for clinical application. The current protocols require improvement not only in differentiation efficiency but also in ESC-specific hurdles, such as tumourigenicity and immunorejection. In addition, some of the general tissue engineering challenges, such as cell seeding and nutrient limitation in larger constructs, will also apply for ESCs. In conclusion, there are still many challenges, but there is potential for ESCs in skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojanneke M Jukes
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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