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Dou H, Brandon NR, Koper KE, Xu Y. Fingerprint of Circulating Immunocytes as Biomarkers for the Prognosis of Brain Inflammation and Neuronal Injury after Cardiac Arrest. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4115-4127. [PMID: 37967214 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is one of the most dangerous health problems in the world. Outcome prognosis is largely based on cerebral performance categories determined by neurological evaluations. Few systemic tests are currently available to predict survival to hospital discharge. Here, we present the results from the preclinical studies of cardiac arrest and resuscitation (CAR) in mice to identify signatures of circulating immune cells as blood-derived biomarkers to predict outcomes after CAR. Two flow cytometry panels for circulating blood lymphocytes and myeloid-derived cells, respectively, were designed to correlate with neuroinflammation and neuronal and dendritic losses in the selectively vulnerable regions of bilateral hippocampi. We found that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD11b+CD11c- and CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ myeloid-derived cells, and cells positive for the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in the blood were correlated with activation of microglia and astrocytosis, and CD4+CD25+ T cells are additionally correlated with neuronal and dendritic losses. A fingerprint pattern of blood T cells and monocytes is devised as a diagnostic tool to predict CAR outcomes. Blood tests aimed at identifying these immunocyte patterns in cardiac arrest patients will guide future clinical trials to establish better prognostication tools to avoid unnecessary early withdrawal from life-sustaining treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Dou
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Nicole R Brandon
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kerryann E Koper
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Samal J, Segura T. Injectable biomaterial shuttles for cell therapy in stroke. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:25-42. [PMID: 34391821 PMCID: PMC8524625 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and contributes to a significant socio-economic cost in the western world. Brain repair strategies investigated in the pre-clinical models include the delivery of drug or cell-based therapeutics; which is hindered by the complex anatomy and functional organization of the brain. Biomaterials can be instrumental in alleviating some of these challenges by providing a structural support, localization, immunomodulation and/or modulating cellular cross-talk in the brain. This review addresses the significance of and challenges associated with cell therapy in an ischemic brain. This is followed by a detailed insight into the biomaterial-based delivery systems which have been designed to provide sustained trophic factor delivery for endogenous repair and to support transplanted cell survival and integration. A biomaterial intervention uses a multifaceted approach in enhancing the survival and engraftment of cells during transplantation and this has driven them as potential candidates for the treatment of IS. The biological processes that are activated as a response to the biomaterials and how to modulate them is one of the key factors contributing to the success of the biomaterial-based therapeutic approach. Future perspectives highlight the need of a combinative approach of merging the material design with disease biology to fabricate effective biomaterial-based intervention of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 534 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 534 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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Battistella R, Kritsilis M, Matuskova H, Haswell D, Cheng AX, Meissner A, Nedergaard M, Lundgaard I. Not All Lectins Are Equally Suitable for Labeling Rodent Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111554. [PMID: 34768985 PMCID: PMC8584019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is vital for all tissues and the interest in its visualization spans many fields. A number of different plant-derived lectins are used for detection of vasculature; however, studies performing direct comparison of the labeling efficacy of different lectins and techniques are lacking. In this study, we compared the labeling efficacy of three lectins: Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4); wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (LEA). The LEA lectin was identified as being far superior to the IB4 and WGA lectins in histological labeling of blood vessels in brain sections. A similar signal-to-noise ratio was achieved with high concentrations of the WGA lectin injected during intracardial perfusion. Lectins were also suitable for labeling vasculature in other tissues, including spinal cord, dura mater, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver tissues. In uninjured tissues, the LEA lectin was as accurate as the Tie2–eGFP reporter mice and GLUT-1 immunohistochemistry for labeling the cerebral vasculature, validating its specificity and sensitivity. However, in pathological situations, e.g., in stroke, the sensitivity of the LEA lectin decreases dramatically, limiting its applicability in such studies. This work can be used for selecting the type of lectin and labeling method for various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Battistella
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marios Kritsilis
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hana Matuskova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas Haswell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anne Xiaoan Cheng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Moiz B, Jia X. Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury. J Stroke 2020; 22:286-305. [PMID: 33053945 PMCID: PMC7568970 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bilal Moiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Teofili L, Silini AR, Bianchi M, Valentini CG, Parolini O. Incorporating placental tissue in cord blood banking for stem cell transplantation. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:649-661. [PMID: 29856650 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1483717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human term placenta is comprised of various tissues from which different cells can be obtained, including hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Areas covered: This review will discuss the possibility to incorporate placental tissue cells in cord blood banking. It will discuss general features of human placenta, with a brief review of the immune cells at the fetal-maternal interface and the different cell populations isolated from placenta, with a particular focus on MSCs. It will address the question as to why placenta-derived MSCs should be banked with their hematopoietic counterparts. It will discuss clinical trials which are studying safety and efficacy of placenta tissue-derived MSCs in selected diseases, and preclinical studies which have proven their therapeutic properties in other diseases. It will discuss banking of umbilical cord blood and raise several issues for improvement, and the applications of cord blood cells in non-malignant disorders. Expert commentary: Umbilical cord blood banking saves lives worldwide. The concomitant banking of non-hematopoietic cells from placenta, which could be applied therapeutically in the future, alone or in combination to their hematopoietic counterparts, could exploit current banking processes while laying the foundation for clinical trials exploring placenta-derived cell therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Teofili
- a Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Banca del Sangue di Cordone Ombelicale UNICATT, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonietta R Silini
- b Centro di Ricerca "E. Menni" Fondazione Poliambulanza - Istituto Ospedaliero , Brescia , Italy
| | - Maria Bianchi
- c Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Banca del Sangue di Cordone Ombelicale UNICATT , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- b Centro di Ricerca "E. Menni" Fondazione Poliambulanza - Istituto Ospedaliero , Brescia , Italy.,d Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare Facoltà di Medicina e chirurgia "A. Gemelli" , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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6
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Wang YF, Parpura V. Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:204. [PMID: 29946238 PMCID: PMC6007284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of hydromineral balance (HB) is an essential condition for life activity at cellular, tissue, organ and system levels. This activity has been considered as a function of the osmotic regulatory system that focuses on hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) neurons, which can reflexively release VP into the brain and blood to meet the demand of HB. Recently, astrocytes have emerged as an essential component of the osmotic regulatory system in addition to functioning as a regulator of the HB at cellular and tissue levels. Astrocytes express all the components of osmoreceptors, including aquaporins, molecules of the extracellular matrix, integrins and transient receptor potential channels, with an operational dynamic range allowing them to detect and respond to osmotic changes, perhaps more efficiently than neurons. The resultant responses, i.e., astroglial morphological and functional plasticity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, can be conveyed, physically and chemically, to adjacent VP neurons, thereby influencing HB at the system level. In addition, astrocytes, particularly those in the circumventricular organs, are involved not only in VP-mediated osmotic regulation, but also in regulation of other osmolality-modulating hormones, including natriuretic peptides and angiotensin. Thus, astrocytes play a role in local/brain and systemic HB. The adaptive astrocytic reactions to osmotic challenges are associated with signaling events related to the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 to promote cell survival and repair. However, prolonged osmotic stress can initiate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling processes, leading to glial dysfunction and a variety of brain diseases. Among many diseases of brain injury and hydromineral disorders, cytotoxic and osmotic cerebral edemas are the most common pathological manifestation. Hyponatremia is the most common cause of osmotic cerebral edema. Overly fast correction of hyponatremia could lead to central pontine myelinolysis. Ischemic stroke exemplifies cytotoxic cerebral edema. In this review, we summarize and analyze the osmosensory functions of astrocytes and their implications in cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Zhang C, Brandon NR, Koper K, Tang P, Xu Y, Dou H. Invasion of Peripheral Immune Cells into Brain Parenchyma after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation. Aging Dis 2018; 9:412-425. [PMID: 29896429 PMCID: PMC5988596 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a direct link has long been suspected between systemic immune responses and neuronal injuries after stroke, it is unclear which immune cells play an important role. A question remains as to whether the blood brain barrier (BBB) is transiently disrupted after circulatory arrest to allow peripheral immune cells to enter brain parenchyma. Here, we developed a clinically relevant cardiac arrest and resuscitation model in mice to investigate the BBB integrity using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in immune signals in the brain and periphery were assayed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Quantitative variance maps from T1-weighted difference images before and after blood-pool contrast clearance revealed BBB disruptions immediately after resuscitation and one day after reperfusion. Time profiles of hippocampal CA1 neuronal injuries correlated with the morphological changes of microglia activation. Cytotoxic T cells, CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells, and CD11b+CD45+hi monocytes and macrophages were significantly increased in the brain three days after cardiac arrest and resuscitation, suggesting direct infiltration of these cells following the BBB disruption. Importantly, these immune cell changes were coupled with a parallel increase in the same subset of immune cell populations in the bone marrow and blood. We conclude that neurovascular breakdown during the initial reperfusion phase contributes to the systemic immune cell invasion and subsequent neuropathogenesis affecting the long-term outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei Tang
- 1Departments of Anesthesiology.,2Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,3Computational and Systems Biology
| | - Yan Xu
- 1Departments of Anesthesiology.,2Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,4Physics and Astronomy, and.,5Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huanyu Dou
- 6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, and.,7Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:356-374. [PMID: 29075984 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introduced into the living system. Further, we also present different ways to maneuver and overcome challenges to translate the advances made at the preclinical level to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yang J, Wang X, Liu S, Xue G. BDNF expression is up-regulated by progesterone in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Neurol Res 2016; 38:1088-1093. [PMID: 27748163 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1235248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether promotion of neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) by progesterone (PROG) involves changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. METHODS We used rat brain tissue extracts to mimic the brain microenvironment. Quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure levels of BDNF in cultured medium with or without PROG. RESULTS Progesterone increased levels of BDNF in HUMSCs. CONCLUSION Progesterone enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels may be involved in PROG activated-pathways to promote neuronal differentiation of HUMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Xianying Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Sha Liu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Gai Xue
- b Department of Pharmacy , Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA , Shijiazhuang , China
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Secretome of mesenchymal progenitors from the umbilical cord acts as modulator of neural/glial proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:288-97. [PMID: 25420577 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It was recently shown that the conditioned media (CM) of Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells (HUCPVCs), a mesenchymal progenitor population residing within the Wharton Jelly of the umbilical cord, was able to modulate in vitro the survival and viability of different neuronal and glial cells populations. In the present work, we aimed to assess if the secretome of HUCPVCs is able to 1) induce the differentiation of human telencephalon neural precursor cells (htNPCs) in vitro, and 2) modulate neural/glial proliferation, differentiation and survival in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult rat hippocampus. For this purpose, two separate experimental setups were performed: 1) htNPCs were incubated with HUCPVCs-CM for 5 days after which neuronal differentiation was assessed and, 2) HUCPVCs, or their respective CM, were injected into the DG of young adult rats and their effects assessed 7 days later. Results revealed that the secretome of HUCPVCs was able to increase neuronal cell differentiation in vitro; indeed, higher densities of immature (DCX(+) cells) and mature neurons (MAP-2(+) cells) were observed when htNPCs were incubated with the HUCPVCs-CM. Additionally, when HUCPVCs and their CM were injected in the DG, results revealed that both cells or CM were able to increase the endogenous proliferation (BrdU(+) cells) 7 days after injection. It was also possible to observe an increased number of newborn neurons (DCX(+) cells), upon injection of HUCPVCs or their respective CM. Finally western blot analysis revealed that after CM or HUCPVCs transplantation, there was an increase of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and, to a lesser extent, of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the DG tissue. Concluding, our results have shown that the transplantation of HUCPVCs or the administration of their secretome were able to potentiate neuronal survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Lin HY, Liou CW, Chen SD, Hsu TY, Chuang JH, Wang PW, Huang ST, Tiao MM, Chen JB, Lin TK, Chuang YC. Mitochondrial transfer from Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells to mitochondria-defective cells recaptures impaired mitochondrial function. Mitochondrion 2015; 22:31-44. [PMID: 25746175 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-conducted mitochondrial transfer has been recently shown to rescue cellular bioenergetics and prevent cell death caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJMSCs) harvested from postpartum umbilical cords are an accessible and abundant source of stem cells. This study aimed to determine the capability of WJMSCs to transfer their own mitochondria and rescue impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and bioenergetics caused by mitochondrial DNA defects. To do this, WJMSCs were co-cultured with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted ρ(0) cells and the recapture of mitochondrial function was evaluated. WJMSCs were shown to be capable of transferring their own mitochondria into ρ(0) cells and underwent interorganellar mixture within these cells. Permissive culture media (BrdU-containing and pyruvate- and uridine-free) sieved out a survival cell population from the co-cultured WJMSCs (BrdU-sensitive) and ρ(0) cells (pyruvate/uridine-free). The survival cells had mtDNA identical to that of WJMSCs, whereas they expressed cellular markers identical to that of ρ(0) cells. Importantly, these ρ(0)-plus -WJMSC-mtDNA (ρ(+W)) cells recovered the expression of mtDNA-encoded proteins and exhibited functional oxygen consumption and respiratory control, as well as the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, II, III and IV. In addition, ETC complex V-inhibitor-sensitive ATP production and metabolic shifting were also recovered. Furthermore, cellular behaviors including attachment-free proliferation, aerobic viability and OXPHOS-reliant cellular motility were also regained after mitochondrial transfer by WJMSCs. The therapeutic effect of WJMSCs-derived mitochondrial transfer was able to stably sustain for at least 45 passages. In conclusion, this study suggests that WJMSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction through the donation of healthy mitochondria to cells with genetic mitochondrial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Tang YH, Ma YY, Zhang ZJ, Wang YT, Yang GY. Opportunities and challenges: stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:337-47. [PMID: 25676164 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke has been widely explored in animal models and provides strong evidence of benefits. In this review, we summarize the types of stem cells, various delivery routes, and tracking tools for stem cell therapy of ischemic stroke. MSCs, EPCs, and NSCs are the most explored cell types for ischemic stroke treatment. Although the mechanisms of stem cell-based therapies are not fully understood, the most possible functions of the transplanted cells are releasing growth factors and regulating microenvironment through paracrine mechanism. Clinical application of stem cell-based therapy is still in its infancy. The next decade of stem cell research in stroke field needs to focus on combining different stem cells and different imaging modalities to fully explore the potential of this therapeutic avenue: from bench to bedside and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Smith D, Brooks D, Wohlgehagen E, Rau T, Poulsen D. Temporal and Spatial Changes in the Pattern of Iba1 and CD68 Staining in the Rat Brain Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2015.42002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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The Secretome of Bone Marrow and Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:438352. [PMID: 25132857 PMCID: PMC4124228 DOI: 10.1155/2014/438352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine and compare the effects of the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone-marrow (BMSCs) and the Wharton jelly surrounding the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord (human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs)) on the survival and differentiation of a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). For this purpose, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with conditioned media (CM) from the MSCs populations referred above. Retinoic acid cultured cells were used as control for neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells viability assessment revealed that the secretome of BMSCs and HUCPVCs, in the form of CM, was able to induce their survival. Moreover, immunocytochemical experiments showed that CM from both MSCs was capable of inducing neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, neurite lengths assessment and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that CM from BMSCs and HUCPVCs differently induced neurite outgrowth and mRNA levels of neuronal markers exhibited by SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results show that the secretome of both BMSCs and HUCPVCs was capable of supporting SH-SY5Y cells survival and promoting their differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype.
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15
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Bussmann RW. The globalization of traditional medicine in northern peru: from shamanism to molecules. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:291903. [PMID: 24454490 PMCID: PMC3888705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/291903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis," with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer W. Bussmann
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
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16
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Liu X, Ye R, Yan T, Yu SP, Wei L, Xu G, Fan X, Jiang Y, Stetler RA, Liu G, Chen J. Cell based therapies for ischemic stroke: from basic science to bedside. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:92-115. [PMID: 24333397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a viable therapy to restore neurological function after stroke. Many types of stem/progenitor cells from different sources have been explored for their feasibility and efficacy for the treatment of stroke. Transplanted cells not only have the potential to replace the lost circuitry, but also produce growth and trophic factors, or stimulate the release of such factors from host brain cells, thereby enhancing endogenous brain repair processes. Although stem/progenitor cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke in experimental studies as well as initial clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy is still at an early stage in humans. Many critical issues need to be addressed including the therapeutic time window, cell type selection, delivery route, and in vivo monitoring of their migration pattern. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of preclinical evidence and clinical experience of various donor cell types, their restorative mechanisms, delivery routes, imaging strategies, future prospects and challenges for translating cell therapies as a neurorestorative regimen in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Fan
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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17
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Lin QM, Zhao S, Zhou LL, Fang XS, Fu Y, Huang ZT. Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation suppresses inflammatory responses in global cerebral ischemia: contribution of TNF-α-induced protein 6. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:784-92. [PMID: 23474707 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on rat global cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Adult male SD rats underwent asphxial cardiac arrest to induce global cerebral ischemia, then received intravenous injection of 5×10(6) cultured MSCs of SD rats at 2 h after resuscitation. In another group of cardiac arrest rats, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 6 (TSG-6, 6 μg) was injected into the right lateral ventricle. Functional outcome was assessed at 1, 3, and 7 d after resuscitation. Donor MSCs in the brains were detected at 3 d after resuscitation. The level of serum S-100B and proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex were assayed using ELISA. The expression of TSG-6 and proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex was assayed using RT-PCR. Western blot was performed to determine the levels of TSG-6 and neutrophil elastase in cerebral cortex. RESULTS MSCs transplantation significantly reduced serum S-100B level, and improved neurological function after global cerebral ischemia compared to the PBS-treated group. The MSCs injected migrated into the ischemic brains, and were observed mainly in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, MSCs transplantation significantly increased the expression of TSG-6, and reduced the expression of neutrophil elastase and proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex. Intracerebroventricular injection of TSG-6 reproduced the beneficial effects of MSCs transplantation in rats with global cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION MSCs transplantation improves functional recovery and reduces inflammatory responses in rats with global cerebral ischemia, maybe via upregulation of TSG-6 expression.
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18
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Ramos AB, Vasconcelos-Dos-Santos A, Lopes de Souza SA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Barbosa da Fonseca LM, Gutfilen B, Cintra WM, Mendez-Otero R. Bone-marrow mononuclear cells reduce neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 layer after transient global ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1522:1-11. [PMID: 23721927 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in death of the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus. In this study we used the four-vessel occlusion (4VO) model of GCI to investigate a potential neuroprotective role of bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) transplantation. BMMCs (3×10(7)) were injected through the carotid artery, 1 or 3 days after ischemia (DAI), and the number of cells undergoing degeneration was investigated in brains at 7 DAI. A significant decrease in the number of dying cells was observed in the treated group, compared to animals treated with saline. Biodistribution of the injected cells (1 or 3 DAI) was investigated by (99m)Technetium labeling of the BMMCs and subsequent image analysis 2h after transplantation. In addition, the presence of CellTrace(™)-labeled BMMCs was investigated in tissue sections of the hippocampal area of these transplanted animals. BMMCs treatment significantly reduced the number of FJ-C positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 layer at 7 DAI. We also observed a decrease in the number of activated microglia/macrophage (ED1-positive cells) in the BMMCs-treated group compared with the untreated group. Our data show that BMMCs are able to modulate the microglial response and reduce neurodegeneration in the CA1 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Bernardo Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Calatrava-Ferreras L, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Herranz AS, Reimers D, Montero Vega T, Jiménez-Escrig A, Richart López LA, Bazán E. Effects of intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood stem cells in 3-acetylpyridine-lesioned rats. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:135187. [PMID: 23150735 PMCID: PMC3488418 DOI: 10.1155/2012/135187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias include a heterogeneous group of infrequent diseases characterized by lack of motor coordination caused by disturbances in the cerebellum and its associated circuits. Current therapies are based on the use of drugs that correct some of the molecular processes involved in their pathogenesis. Although these treatments yielded promising results, there is not yet an effective therapy for these diseases. Cell replacement strategies using human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HuUCBMCs) have emerged as a promising approach for restoration of function in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential therapeutic activity of HuUCBMCs in the 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) rat model of cerebellar ataxia. Intravenous administered HuUCBMCs reached the cerebellum and brain stem of 3-AP ataxic rats. Grafted cells reduced 3-AP-induced neuronal loss promoted the activation of microglia in the brain stem, and prevented the overexpression of GFAP elicited by 3-AP in the cerebellum. In addition, HuUCBMCs upregulated the expression of proteins that are critical for cell survival, such as phospho-Akt and Bcl-2, in the cerebellum and brain stem of 3-AP ataxic rats. As all these effects were accompanied by a temporal but significant improvement in motor coordination, HuUCBMCs grafts can be considered as an effective cell replacement therapy for cerebellar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calatrava-Ferreras
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio S. Herranz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Montero Vega
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km. 9, 1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Potential Therapeutic Targets for Cerebral Resuscitation After Global Ischemia. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Dallasen RM, Bowman JD, Xu Y. Isoflurane does not cause neuroapoptosis but reduces astroglial processes in young adult mice. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:27. [PMID: 22146123 PMCID: PMC3253045 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane, a volatile anesthetic widely used clinically, has been implicated to be both neuroprotective and neurotoxic. The claim about isoflurane causing neural apoptosis remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of isoflurane exposures on apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals, cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and astroglial processes in young adult mouse brains. METHODS Sixty 6-week-old mice were randomly assigned to four anesthetic concentration groups (0 as control and 0.6%, 1.3%, and 2%) with four recovery times (2 h and 1, 6, and 14 d) after 2-h isoflurane exposure. Immunohistochemistry measurements of activated caspase-3 and Bcl-xl for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals, respectively, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin for reactive astrocytosis, doublecortin (Dcx) for neurogenesis, and BrdU for cell proliferation were performed. RESULTS Contrary to the previous conclusion derived from studies with neonatal rodents, we found no evidence of isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the adult mouse brain. Neurogenesis in the subgranule zone of the dentate gyrus was not affected by isoflurane. However, there is a tendency of reduced cell proliferation after 2% isoflurane exposure. VIM and GFAP staining showed that isoflurane exposure caused a delayed reduction of astroglial processes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. CONCLUSION Two-hour exposure to isoflurane did not cause neuroapoptosis in adult brains. The delayed reduction in astroglial processes after isoflurane exposure may explain why some volatile anesthetics can confer neuroprotection after experimental stroke because reduced glial scarring facilitates better long-term neuronal recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Dallasen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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22
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Sakai T, Xu Y. Stem cells decreased neuronal cell death after hypoxic stress in primary fetal rat neurons in vitro. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:355-64. [PMID: 21669034 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x580545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore stem cell-mediated neuronal protection through extracellular signaling pathways by transplanted stem cells, we sought to identify potential candidate molecules responsible for neuronal protection using an in vitro coculture system. Primary fetal rat hippocampal neurons underwent hypoxia (≤1% oxygen) for 96 h nad then were returned to a normoxic condition. The study group then received rat umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells, while the control group received fresh media only. The experimental group showed decreased neuronal apoptosis compared to the control group [44.5 ± 1.6% vs. 71.0 ± 4.2% (mean ± SD, p = 0.0005) on day 5] and higher neuronal survival (4.9 ± 1.2 cells/100× field vs. 2.2 ± 0.3, p = 0.02 on day 5). Among 90 proteins evaluated using a protein array, stem cell coculture media showed increased protein secretion of TIMP-1 (5.61-fold), TIMP-2 (4.88), CNTF-Rα (3.42), activin A (2.20), fractalkine (2.04), CCR4 (2.02), and decreased secretion in MIP-2 (0.30-fold), AMPK α1 (0.43), TROY (0.48), and TIMP-3 (0.50). This study demonstrated that coculturing stem cells with primary neurons in vitro decreased neuronal cell death after hypoxia with significantly altered protein secretion. The results suggest that stem cells may offer neuronal protection through extracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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23
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Chen SJ, Chang CM, Tsai SK, Chang YL, Chou SJ, Huang SS, Tai LK, Chen YC, Ku HH, Li HY, Chiou SH. Functional improvement of focal cerebral ischemia injury by subdural transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells with fibrin glue. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1757-67. [PMID: 20192839 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability in the world. Cell transplantation has emerged in various neurological diseases as a potential therapeutic approach in the postacute stroke phase. Recently, inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells showed potential for multilineage differentiation and provide a resource for stem cell-based therapies. However, whether iPS transplantation could improve the function of stroke-like model is still an open question. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of subdural transplantation of iPS mixed with fibrin glue (iPS-FG) on cerebral ischemic rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We demonstrated an efficient method to differentiate iPS into astroglial-like and neuron-like cells which display functional electrophysiological properties. In vivo study firstly showed that the direct injection of iPS into damaged areas of rat cortex significantly decreased the infarct size and improved the motor function in rats with MCAO. Furthermore, we found that the subdural iPS-FG can also effectively reduce the total infarct volume and greatly improve the behavior of rats with MCAO to perform rotarod and grasping tasks. Importantly, analysis of cytokine expression in iPS-FG-treated ischemic brains revealed a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that iPS cells could improve the motor function, reduce infarct size, attenuate inflammation cytokines, and mediate neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. Subdural iPS-FG could be considered as a more safe approach because this method can avoid iatrogenic injury to brain parenchyma and enhance recovering from stoke-induced impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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24
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Salgado AJ, Fraga JS, Mesquita AR, Neves NM, Reis RL, Sousa N. Role of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Progenitors Conditioned Media in Neuronal/Glial Cell Densities, Viability, and Proliferation. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Lab, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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25
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Lee HJ, Lee JK, Lee H, Carter JE, Chang JW, Oh W, Yang YS, Suh JG, Lee BH, Jin HK, Bae JS. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve neuropathology and cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model through modulation of neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:588-602. [PMID: 20471717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) have a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of neurological disorders, but their current clinical usage and mechanism of action has yet to be ascertained in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report that hUCB-MSC transplantation into amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice significantly improved spatial learning and memory decline. Furthermore, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition, β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) levels, and tau hyperphosphorylation were dramatically reduced in hUCB-MSC transplanted APP/PS1 mice. Interestingly, these effects were associated with reversal of disease-associated microglial neuroinflammation, as evidenced by decreased microglia-induced proinflammatory cytokines, elevated alternatively activated microglia, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. These findings lead us to suggest that hUCB-MSC produced their sustained neuroprotective effect by inducing a feed-forward loop involving alternative activation of microglial neuroinflammation, thereby ameliorating disease pathophysiology and reversing the cognitive decline associated with Aβ deposition in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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26
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Xia W, Han J, Huang G, Ying W. Inflammation in ischaemic brain injury: current advances and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 37:253-8. [PMID: 19719754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Numerous studies have indicated that inflammation plays a key role in ischaemic brain injury. Brain ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses include increased microglial and astrocyte activity, increased production of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases and the infiltration of monocytes and leucocytes into injured brain regions. 2. Although a significant proportion of the inflammatory response appears to exacerbate ischaemic brain injury, certain inflammatory responses are beneficial to ischaemic brains. It is necessary to further identify the detrimental and beneficial inflammatory responses so that therapeutic strategies can be designed for stroke patients to selectively inhibit detrimental responses while enhancing beneficial responses. 3. Increasing evidence also indicates significant changes in the peripheral immune system of stroke patients and animals that undergo cerebral ischaemia. It is worth elucidating the effects of these changes in ischaemic brain damage. 4. There are complex interactions in the ischaemic brain between microglia and other cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells and stem cells. It is of particular interest to determine the mechanisms underlying the roles of high-mobility group box-1, advanced glycation end-products receptors (RAGE), S100B and NADPH oxidase in these interactions. 5. Because brain ischaemia-induced inflammation is a relatively long-lasting event with profound effects on brain injury, it is of considerable importance to further investigate the mechanisms underlying inflammation in ischaemic brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Xia
- Medical-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Kubo K, Nakao S, Jomura S, Sakamoto S, Miyamoto E, Xu Y, Tomimoto H, Inada T, Shingu K. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, mitigates both gray and white matter damages after global cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2009; 1279:139-46. [PMID: 19410562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that similar to cerebral gray matter (mainly composed of neuronal perikarya), white matter (composed of axons and glias) is vulnerable to ischemia. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia even in humans. In this study, we investigated the time course and the severity of both gray and white matter damage following global cerebral ischemia by cardiac arrest, and examined whether edaravone protected the gray and the white matter. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by 5 min of cardiac arrest and resuscitation (CAR). Edaravone, 3 mg/kg, was administered intravenously either immediately or 60 min after CAR. The morphological damage was assessed by cresyl violet staining. The microtubule-associated protein 2 (a maker of neuronal perikarya and dendrites), the beta amyloid precursor protein (the accumulation of which is a maker of axonal damage), and the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (a marker of microglia) were stained for immunohistochemical analysis. Significant neuronal perikaryal damage and marked microglial activation were observed in the hippocampal CA1 region with little axonal damage one week after CAR. Two weeks after CAR, the perikaryal damage and microglial activation were unchanged, but obvious axonal damage occurred. Administration of edaravone 60 min after CAR significantly mitigated the perikaryal damage, the axonal damage, and the microglial activation. Our results show that axonal damage develops slower than perikaryal damage and that edaravone can protect both gray and white matter after CAR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Kubo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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