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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrascal L, Pérez-García P, Oliva-Montero JM, Pardillo-Díaz R, Domínguez-García S, Bernal-Utrera C, Gómez-Oliva R, Martínez-Ortega S, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Migratory Response of Cells in Neurogenic Niches to Neuronal Death: The Onset of Harmonic Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076587. [PMID: 37047560 PMCID: PMC10095545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic mechanisms orchestrate neurogenesis in the healthy brain within specific neurogenic niches, which generate neurons from neural stem cells as a homeostatic mechanism. These newly generated neurons integrate into existing neuronal circuits to participate in different brain tasks. Despite the mechanisms that protect the mammalian brain, this organ is susceptible to many different types of damage that result in the loss of neuronal tissue and therefore in alterations in the functionality of the affected regions. Nevertheless, the mammalian brain has developed mechanisms to respond to these injuries, potentiating its capacity to generate new neurons from neural stem cells and altering the homeostatic processes that occur in neurogenic niches. These alterations may lead to the generation of new neurons within the damaged brain regions. Notwithstanding, the activation of these repair mechanisms, regeneration of neuronal tissue within brain injuries does not naturally occur. In this review, we discuss how the different neurogenic niches respond to different types of brain injuries, focusing on the capacity of the progenitors generated in these niches to migrate to the injured regions and activate repair mechanisms. We conclude that the search for pharmacological drugs that stimulate the migration of newly generated neurons to brain injuries may result in the development of therapies to repair the damaged brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Bernal-Utrera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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Novel Approaches Used to Examine and Control Neurogenesis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179608. [PMID: 34502516 PMCID: PMC8431772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a key mechanism of brain development and plasticity, which is impaired in chronic neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s disease. The accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein is one of the features of PD. Being secreted, this protein produces a prominent neurotoxic effect, alters synaptic plasticity, deregulates intercellular communication, and supports the development of neuroinflammation, thereby providing propagation of pathological events leading to the establishment of a PD-specific phenotype. Multidirectional and ambiguous effects of α-synuclein on adult neurogenesis suggest that impaired neurogenesis should be considered as a target for the prevention of cell loss and restoration of neurological functions. Thus, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis or cell-replacement therapy with stem cell-derived differentiated neurons raises new hopes for the development of effective and safe technologies for treating PD neurodegeneration. Given the rapid development of optogenetics, it is not surprising that this method has already been repeatedly tested in manipulating neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro via targeting stem or progenitor cells. However, niche astrocytes could also serve as promising candidates for controlling neuronal differentiation and improving the functional integration of newly formed neurons within the brain tissue. In this review, we mainly focus on current approaches to assess neurogenesis and prospects in the application of optogenetic protocols to restore the neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease.
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Gordián-Vélez WJ, Chouhan D, España RA, Chen HI, Burdick JA, Duda JE, Cullen DK. Restoring lost nigrostriatal fibers in Parkinson's disease based on clinically-inspired design criteria. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:168-185. [PMID: 34332016 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting around 10 million people worldwide. The death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the axonal fibers that constitute the nigrostriatal pathway leads to a loss of dopamine in the striatum that causes the motor symptoms of this disease. Traditional treatments have focused on reducing symptoms, while therapies with human fetal or stem cell-derived neurons have centered on implanting these cells in the striatum to restore its innervation. An alternative approach is pathway reconstruction, which aims to rebuild the entire structure of neurons and axonal fibers of the nigrostriatal pathway in a way that matches its anatomy and physiology. This type of repair could be more capable of reestablishing the signaling mechanisms that ensure proper dopamine release in the striatum and regulation of other motor circuit regions in the brain. In this manuscript, we conduct a review of the literature related to pathway reconstruction as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, delve into the limitations of these studies, and propose the requisite design criteria to achieve this goal at a human scale. We then present our tissue engineering-based platform to fabricate hydrogel-encased dopaminergic axon tracts in vitro for later implantation into the brain to replace and reconstruct the pathway. These tissue-engineered nigrostriatal pathways (TE-NSPs) can be characterized and optimized for cell number and phenotype, axon growth lengths and rates, and the capacity for synaptic connectivity and dopamine release. We then show original data of advances in creating these constructs matching clinical design criteria using human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel. We conclude with a discussion of future steps that are needed to further optimize human-scale TE-NSPs and translate them into clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisberty J Gordián-Vélez
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John E Duda
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Fauser M, Pan-Montojo F, Richter C, Kahle PJ, Schwarz SC, Schwarz J, Storch A, Hermann A. Chronic-Progressive Dopaminergic Deficiency Does Not Induce Midbrain Neurogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:775. [PMID: 33807497 PMCID: PMC8066763 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consecutive adult neurogenesis is a well-known phenomenon in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles (V-SVZ) and has been controversially discussed in so-called "non-neurogenic" brain areas such as the periventricular regions (PVRs) of the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. Dopamine is a known modulator of adult neural stem cell (aNSC) proliferation and dopaminergic neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb, though a possible interplay between local dopaminergic neurodegeneration and induction of aNSC proliferation in mid/hindbrain PVRs is currently enigmatic. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To analyze the influence of chronic-progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration on both consecutive adult neurogenesis in the PVRs of the V-SVZ and mid/hindbrain aNSCs in two mechanistically different transgenic animal models of Parkinson´s disease (PD). METHODS We used Thy1-m[A30P]h α synuclein mice and Leu9'Ser hypersensitive α4* nAChR mice to assess the influence of midbrain dopaminergic neuronal loss on neurogenic activity in the PVRs of the V-SVZ, the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. RESULTS In both animal models, overall proliferative activity in the V-SVZ was not altered, though the proportion of B2/activated B1 cells on all proliferating cells was reduced in the V-SVZ in Leu9'Ser hypersensitive α4* nAChR mice. Putative aNSCs in the mid/hindbrain PVRs are known to be quiescent in vivo in healthy controls, and dopaminergic deficiency did not induce proliferative activity in these regions in both disease models. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support an activation of endogenous aNSCs in mid/hindbrain PVRs after local dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Spontaneous endogenous regeneration of dopaminergic cell loss through resident aNSCs is therefore unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.F.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Francisco Pan-Montojo
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christian Richter
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Philipp J. Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid C. Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.C.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.C.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Haag i. OB, 83527 Oberbayern, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.F.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock-Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock-Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Weselek G, Keiner S, Fauser M, Wagenführ L, Müller J, Kaltschmidt B, Brandt MD, Gerlach M, Redecker C, Hermann A, Storch A. Norepinephrine is a negative regulator of the adult periventricular neural stem cell niche. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1188-1201. [PMID: 32473039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The limited proliferative capacity of neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) within the periventricular germinal niches (PGNs) located caudal of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles together with their high proliferation capacity after isolation strongly implicates cell-extrinsic humoral factors restricting NPC proliferation in the hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. We comparatively examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) as an endogenous candidate regulator of PGN neurogenesis in the SVZ as well as the periventricular hypothalamus and the periaqueductal midbrain. Histological and neurochemical analyses revealed that the pattern of NE innervation of the adult PGNs is inversely associated with their in vivo NPC proliferation capacity with low NE levels coupled to high NPC proliferation in the SVZ but high NE levels coupled to low NPC proliferation in hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. Intraventricular infusion of NE decreased NPC proliferation and neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system, while pharmacological NE inhibition increased NPC proliferation and early neurogenesis events in the caudal PGNs. Neurotoxic ablation of NE neurons using the Dsp4-fluoxetine protocol confirmed its inhibitory effects on NPC proliferation. Contrarily, NE depletion largely impairs NPC proliferation within the hippocampus in the same animals. Our data indicate that norepinephrine has opposite effects on the two fundamental neurogenic niches of the adult brain with norepinephrine being a negative regulator of adult periventricular neurogenesis. This knowledge might ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to influence neurogenesis in hypothalamus-related metabolic diseases or to stimulate endogenous regenerative potential in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Weselek
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Wagenführ
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Müller
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Moritz D Brandt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum Lippe, Lemgo, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany.,Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
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LncRNA H19 diminishes dopaminergic neuron loss by mediating microRNA-301b-3p in Parkinson's disease via the HPRT1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8820-8836. [PMID: 32434961 PMCID: PMC7288916 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are a subject of active investigation in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized a regulatory role of lncRNA H19 with involvement of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) in dopaminergic neuron loss in PD model mice obtained by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions. We predicted the differentially expressed genes and related mechanisms by microarray analysis. We measured the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and proneural genes in the substantia nigra of lesioned mice before and after treatment with lentiviral oe-HPRT1, agomir-miR-301b-3p and inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We also evaluated the relationship among lncRNA H19, HPRT1 and miR-301b-3p as well as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in these mice. The obtained results predicted and further confirmed a low level of HPRT1 in lesioned mice. We found low expression of lncRNA H19 and showed that its forced overexpression regulated HPRT1 by binding to miR-301b-3p. The overexpression of HPRT1 increased TH expression and inhibited dopaminergic neuron loss via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as reflected by increased expressions of Nurr-1, Pitx-3, Ngn-2 and NeuroD1. Thus, overexpressed lncRNA H19 protects against dopaminergic neuron loss in this PD model through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via impairing miR-301b-3p-targeted inhibition of HPRT1 expression.
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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8
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Chen W, Huang Q, Ma S, Li M. Progress in Dopaminergic Cell Replacement and Regenerative Strategies for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:839-851. [PMID: 30346716 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder symptomatically characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait impairment. These motor deficits suffered by PD patients primarily result from selective dysfunction or loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Most of the existing therapies for PD are based on the replacement of dopamine, which is symptomatically effective in the early stage but becomes increasingly less effective and is accompanied by serious side effects in the advanced stages of the disease. Currently, there are no strategies to slow neuronal degeneration or prevent the progression of PD. Thus, the prospect of regenerating functional dopaminergic neurons is very attractive. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of dopaminergic regenerative strategies for curing PD. The most promising approach seems to be cell-replacement therapy (CRT) using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are unlimitedly available and have gained much success in preclinical trials. Despite the challenges, stem cell-based CRT will make significant steps toward the clinic in the coming decade. Alternatively, direct lineage reprogramming, especially in situ direct conversion of glia cells to induced neurons, which exhibits some advantages including no ethical concerns, no risk of tumor formation, and even no need for transplantation, has gained much attention recently. Evoking the endogenous regeneration ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) is an idyllic method of dopaminergic neuroregeneration which remains highly controversial. Here, we review many of these advances, highlighting areas and strategies that might be particularly suited to the development of regenerative approaches that restore dopaminergic function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Governs a Full Program for Dopaminergic Neuron Survival, Neurorescue and Regeneration in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123743. [PMID: 30477246 PMCID: PMC6321180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site (Wnt) signaling is one of the most critical pathways in developing and adult tissues. In the brain, Wnt signaling contributes to different neurodevelopmental aspects ranging from differentiation to axonal extension, synapse formation, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. Canonical Wnt signaling is mediated mainly by the multifunctional β-catenin protein which is a potent co-activator of transcription factors such as lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T-cell factor (TCF). Accumulating evidence points to dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in major neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights a Wnt/β-catenin/glial connection in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by the selective death of midbrain dopaminergic (mDAergic) neuronal cell bodies in the subtantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and gliosis. Major findings of the last decade document that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in partnership with glial cells is critically involved in each step and at every level in the regulation of nigrostriatal DAergic neuronal health, protection, and regeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD, focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling to boost a full neurorestorative program in PD.
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L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Morale MC, Serapide MF, Pluchino S, Marchetti B. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required to rescue midbrain dopaminergic progenitors and promote neurorepair in ageing mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2147-63. [PMID: 24648001 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for specification and neurogenesis of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, the pivotal neuronal population that degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a vital role in adult neurogenesis but whether it might engage DA neurogenesis/neurorepair in the affected PD brain is yet unresolved. Recently, the adult midbrain aqueduct periventricular regions (Aq-PVRs) were shown to harbor multipotent clonogenic neural stem/progenitor cells (mNPCs) with DA potential in vitro, but restrictive mechanisms in vivo are believed to limit their DA regenerative capacity. Using in vitro mNPC culture systems we herein demonstrate that aging is one most critical factor restricting mNPC neurogenic potential via dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Coculture paradigms between young/aged (Y/A) mNPCs and Y/A astrocytes identified glial age and a decline of glial-derived factors including Wnts as key determinants of impaired neurogenic potential, whereas Wnt activation regimens efficiently reversed the diminished proliferative, neuronal, and DA differentiation potential of A-mNPCs. Next, in vivo studies in wild (Wt) and transgenic β-catenin reporter mice uncovered Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and remarkable astrocyte remodeling of Aq-PVR in response to MPTP-induced DA neuron death. Spatio-temporal analyses unveiled β-catenin signaling in predopaminergic (Nurr1(+)/TH(-)) and imperiled or rescuing DAT(+) neurons during MPTP-induced DA neuron injury and self-repair. Aging inhibited Wnt signaling, whereas β-catenin activation in situ with a specific GSK-3β antagonist promoted a significant degree of DA neurorestoration associated with reversal of motor deficit, with implications for neurorestorative approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L'Episcopo
- Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Neuropharmacology Section, Troina, Enna, Italy
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Lojewski X, Srimasorn S, Rauh J, Francke S, Wobus M, Taylor V, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Hallmeyer-Elgner S, Kirsch M, Schwarz S, Schwarz J, Storch A, Hermann A. Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Adult Human Brain Harbor No Instrinsic Neuroectodermal but High Mesodermal Differentiation Potential. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1223-33. [PMID: 26304036 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain perivascular cells have recently been identified as a novel mesodermal cell type in the human brain. These cells reside in the perivascular niche and were shown to have mesodermal and, to a lesser extent, tissue-specific differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely proposed for use in cell therapy in many neurological disorders; therefore, it is of importance to better understand the "intrinsic" MSC population of the human brain. We systematically characterized adult human brain-derived pericytes during in vitro expansion and differentiation and compared these cells with fetal and adult human brain-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult human bone marrow-derived MSCs. We found that adult human brain pericytes, which can be isolated from the hippocampus and from subcortical white matter, are-in contrast to adult human NSCs-easily expandable in monolayer cultures and show many similarities to human bone marrow-derived MSCs both regarding both surface marker expression and after whole transcriptome profile. Human brain pericytes showed a negligible propensity for neuroectodermal differentiation under various differentiation conditions but efficiently generated mesodermal progeny. Consequently, human brain pericytes resemble bone marrow-derived MSCs and might be very interesting for possible autologous and endogenous stem cell-based treatment strategies and cell therapeutic approaches for treating neurological diseases. SIGNIFICANCE Perivascular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recently gained significant interest because of their appearance in many tissues including the human brain. MSCs were often reported as being beneficial after transplantation in the central nervous system in different neurological diseases; therefore, adult brain perivascular cells derived from human neural tissue were systematically characterized concerning neural stem cell and MSC marker expression, transcriptomics, and mesodermal and inherent neuroectodermal differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo after in utero transplantation. This study showed the lack of an innate neuronal but high mesodermal differentiation potential. Because of their relationship to mesenchymal stem cells, these adult brain perivascular mesodermal cells are of great interest for possible autologous therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Lojewski
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sumitra Srimasorn
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Rauh
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvan Francke
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Hallmeyer-Elgner
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schwarz
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, Technical University of Munich, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Geriatric Hospital Haag, Haag, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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12
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van den Berge SA, van Strien ME, Hol EM. Resident adult neural stem cells in Parkinson's disease--the brain's own repair system? Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:117-127. [PMID: 23872414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One important pathological process in the brain of Parkinson disease (PD) patients is the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to a decline in striatal dopamine levels and motor dysfunction. A major clinical problem is that this degenerative process currently cannot be stopped or reversed. Expectations from the restorative capacity of neural stem cells (NSCs) are high, as these cells can potentially replace the degenerating neurons. The discovery of the presence of NSCs in the adult human brain has instigated research into the potential of these cells as a resource to promote brain repair in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural stem and progenitor cells reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ), which is closely situated to the striatum, which is affected in PD. Therefore, restoring the dopamine levels in the striatum of PD patients through stimulating endogenous NSCs in the nearby SVZ to migrate into the striatum and differentiate into dopaminergic neurons might thus be an attractive future therapeutic approach. We will review the reported changes in NSCs in the SVZ of PD animal models and PD patients, which are due to a lack of striatal dopamine. Furthermore, we will summarise the reports that describe efforts to stimulate NSCs to replace dopaminergic cells in the SN and restore striatal dopamine levels. In our opinion, mobilizing the endogenous SVZ NSCs to replenish striatal dopamine is an attractive approach to alleviate the motor symptoms in PD patients, without the ethical and immunological challenges of transplantation of NSCs and foetal brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A van den Berge
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Marchetti B, L'Episcopo F, Morale MC, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Serapide MF, Pluchino S. Uncovering novel actors in astrocyte-neuron crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade as the common final pathway for neuroprotection and self-repair. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1550-63. [PMID: 23461676 PMCID: PMC3660182 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and gliosis. The cause and mechanisms underlying the demise of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons are ill-defined, but interactions between genes and environmental factors are recognized to play a critical role in modulating the vulnerability to PD. Current evidence points to reactive glia as a pivotal factor in PD pathophysiology, playing both protective and destructive roles. Here, the contribution of reactive astrocytes and their ability to modulate DAergic neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neurorepair in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rodent model of PD will be discussed in the light of novel emerging evidence implicating wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling as a strong candidate in MPTP-induced nigrostriatal DAergic plasticity. In this work, we highlight an intrinsic Wnt1/frizzled-1/β-catenin tone that critically contributes to the survival and protection of adult midbrain DAergic neurons, with potential implications for drug design or drug action in PD. The dynamic interplay between astrocyte-derived factors and neurogenic signals in MPTP-induced nigrostriatal DAergic neurotoxicity and repair will be summarized, together with recent findings showing a critical role of glia-neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) interactions aimed at overcoming neurodegeneration and inducing neurorestoration. Understanding the intrinsic plasticity of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons and deciphering the signals facilitating the crosstalk between astrocytes, microglia, DAergic neurons and NPCs may have major implications for the role of stem cell technology in PD, and for identifying potential therapeutic targets to induce endogenous neurorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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14
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L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Morale MC, Deleidi M, Serapide MF, Pluchino S, Marchetti B. Plasticity of subventricular zone neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of Parkinson's disease involves cross talk between inflammatory and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways: functional consequences for neuroprotection and repair. J Neurosci 2012; 32:2062-85. [PMID: 22323720 PMCID: PMC3556384 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5259-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurogenesis is impaired in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of postmortem human PD brains, in primate nonhuman and rodent models of PD. The vital role of Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling in the modulation of neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity coupled to our recent findings uncovering an active role for inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MPTP-induced loss and repair of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons prompted us to study the impact of neuroinflammation and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the response of SVZ neuroprogenitors (NPCs) in MPTP-treated mice. In vivo experiments, using bromodeoxyuridine and cell-specific markers, and ex vivo time course analyses documented an inverse correlation between the reduced proliferation of NPCs and the generation of new neuroblasts with the phase of maximal exacerbation of microglia reaction, whereas a shift in the microglia proinflammatory phenotype correlated with a progressive NPC recovery. Ex vivo and in vitro experiments using microglia-NPC coculture paradigms pointed to NADPH-oxidase (gpPHOX(91)), a major source of microglial ROS, and reactive nitrogen species as candidate inhibitors of NPC neurogenic potential via the activation of glycogen synthase 3 (pGSK-3β(Tyr216)), leading to loss of β-catenin, a chief downstream transcriptional effector. Accordingly, MPTP/MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) caused β-catenin downregulation and pGSK-3β(Tyr216) overexpression, whereas manipulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with RNA interference-mediated GSK-3β knockdown or GSK-3β antagonism reversed MPTP-induced neurogenic impairment ex vivo/in vitro or in vivo. Reciprocally, pharmacological modulation of inflammation prevented β-catenin downregulation and restored neurogenesis, suggesting the possibility to modulate this endogenous system with potential consequences for DAergic neuroprotection and self-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L'Episcopo
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Testa
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caniglia
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria C. Morale
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Michela Deleidi
- CNS Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- CNS Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and Stem Cell Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacology Section, Medical School and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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15
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Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 induces inhibition of cellular proliferation and promotes astrocyte differentiation of ventral mesencephalon human neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:421-31. [PMID: 21624409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) was established by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry on a cultured clonal human neural stem/progenitor cell (hNSPC) line derived from fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). Selective activation of these receptors by the group III mGluR agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) prevented increases in cAMP levels following forskolin stimulation, suggesting these receptors are coupled to their canonical G-protein coupled signal transduction pathway. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to L-AP4 resulted in a decrease in cellular metabolism and proliferation in the absence of toxicity, as measured by MTT and LDH assays, in a dose-dependent manner. This was confirmed by a reduction in BrdU incorporation into nuclear DNA, suggestive of an anti-proliferative effect of L-AP4. This effect was rescued by co-addition of the broad-spectrum group III mGluR competitive antagonist (RS)-a-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG), demonstrating a receptor-mediated mechanism, but not mimicked by application of the cell permeable cAMP analogue dibutyrl cAMP (db-cAMP). The potency of these effects of L-AP4 indicates that this is an mGlu7 subtype-mediated effect. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to the mGlu7 selective allosteric agonist N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride (AMN082), but not the mGlu4 selective allosteric agonist (±)-cis-2-(3,5-dicholorphenylcarbamoyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (VU0155041), or the mGlu8 selective agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine ((S)-3,4-DCPG) resulted in an identical anti-proliferative effect to L-AP4, confirming the involvement of the mGlu7 subtype. In differentiating cultures, tonic exposure to L-AP4 or AMN082 resulted in a significant shift towards an astrocyte cell fate. The mGlu7 receptor therefore provides a new opportunity to influence the proliferation and differentiation of ventral mesencephalon-derived hNSPC.
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16
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L’Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Morale M, Cossetti C, D’Adamo P, Zardini E, Andreoni L, Ihekwaba A, Serra P, Franciotta D, Martino G, Pluchino S, Marchetti B. Reactive astrocytes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling link nigrostriatal injury to repair in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 41:508-27. [PMID: 21056667 PMCID: PMC3558878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to reactive glia as a pivotal factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse model of basal ganglia injury, but whether astrocytes and microglia activation may exacerbate dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron demise and/or contribute to DAergic repair is presently the subject of much debate. Here, we have correlated the loss and recovery of the nigrostriatal DAergic functionality upon acute MPTP exposure with extensive gene expression analysis at the level of the ventral midbrain (VM) and striata (Str) and found a major upregulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and wingless-type MMTV integration site1 (Wnt1), a key transcript involved in midbrain DAergic neurodevelopment. Wnt signaling components (including Frizzled-1 [Fzd-1] and β-catenin) were dynamically regulated during MPTP-induced DAergic degeneration and reactive glial activation. Activated astrocytes of the ventral midbrain were identified as candidate source of Wnt1 by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR in vitro. Blocking Wnt/Fzd signaling with Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) counteracted astrocyte-induced neuroprotection against MPP(+) toxicity in primary mesencephalic astrocyte-neuron cultures, in vitro. Moreover, astroglial-derived factors, including Wnt1, promoted neurogenesis and DAergic neurogenesis from adult midbrain stem/neuroprogenitor cells, in vitro. Conversely, lack of Wnt1 transcription in response to MPTP in middle-aged mice and failure of DAergic neurons to recover were reversed by pharmacological activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in vivo, thus suggesting MPTP-reactive astrocytes in situ and Wnt1 as candidate components of neuroprotective/neurorescue pathways in MPTP-induced nigrostriatal DAergic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. L’Episcopo
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
| | - C. Tirolo
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
| | - N. Testa
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
| | - S. Caniglia
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
| | - M.C. Morale
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
| | - C. Cossetti
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair Department of Clinical Neurosciences ED Adrian Building Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - P. D’Adamo
- Molecular Genetics of Mental Retardation Unit, San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina, 58 I-20132 Milan, Italy
| | - E. Zardini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Neurological Instititute C. Mondino, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Andreoni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Neurological Instititute C. Mondino, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A.E.C. Ihekwaba
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair Department of Clinical Neurosciences ED Adrian Building Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - P.A. Serra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sassari, Medical School, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - D. Franciotta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sassari, Medical School, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Martino
- San Raffaele Institute, Neuroimmunology Unit, DIBIT2 and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Via Olgettina, 58 I-20132 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Pluchino
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair Department of Clinical Neurosciences ED Adrian Building Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - B. Marchetti
- OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN) Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Lanfer B, Hermann A, Kirsch M, Freudenberg U, Reuner U, Werner C, Storch A. Directed Growth of Adult Human White Matter Stem Cell–Derived Neurons on Aligned Fibrillar Collagen. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babette Lanfer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Reuner
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Meyer AK, Maisel M, Hermann A, Stirl K, Storch A. Restorative approaches in Parkinson's Disease: Which cell type wins the race? J Neurol Sci 2010; 289:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Multiple neurogenic and neurorescue effects of human mesenchymal stem cell after transplantation in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2010; 1311:12-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Wegner F, Kraft R, Busse K, Schaarschmidt G, Härtig W, Schwarz SC, Schwarz J. Glutamate receptor properties of human mesencephalic neural progenitor cells: NMDA enhances dopaminergic neurogenesisin vitro. J Neurochem 2009; 111:204-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Milosevic J, Schwarz SC, Ogunlade V, Meyer AK, Storch A, Schwarz J. Emerging role of LRRK2 in human neural progenitor cell cycle progression, survival and differentiation. Mol Neurodegener 2009; 4:25. [PMID: 19523245 PMCID: PMC2704190 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a comprehensive mapping of the Parkinson's disease (PD)-related mRNA and protein leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in the mammalian brain, its physiological function in healthy individuals remains enigmatic. Based on its structural features and kinase properties, LRRK2 may interact with other proteins involved in signalling pathways. Here, we show a widespread LRRK2 mRNA and/or protein expression in expanded or differentiated human mesencephalic neural progenitor cells (hmNPCs) and in post-mortem substantia nigra PD patients. Using small interfering RNA duplexes targeting LRRK2 in hmNPCs following their differentiation into glia and neurons, we observed a reduced number of dopaminergic neurons due to apoptosis in LRRK2 knockdown samples. LRRK2-deficient hmNPCs exhibited elevated cell cycle- and cell death-related markers. In conclusion, a reduction of LRRK2 expression in hmNPCs severely impaired dopaminergic differentiation and/or survival of dopaminergic neurons most likely via preserving or reactivating the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javorina Milosevic
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine - Leipzig (TRM-Leipzig), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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Hermann A, Suess C, Fauser M, Kanzler S, Witt M, Fabel K, Schwarz J, Höglinger GU, Storch A. Rostro-Caudal Gradual Loss of Cellular Diversity Within the Periventricular Regions of the Ventricular System. Stem Cells 2009; 27:928-41. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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