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Fang X, Zhou J, Yang Y, Li D, Wang B. Integrating scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to explore the differentiation mechanism of human nail stem cells mediated by onychofibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1416780. [PMID: 38887517 PMCID: PMC11181305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1416780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nail stem cell (NSC) differentiation plays a vital role in maintaining nail homeostasis and facilitating digit regeneration. Recently, onychofibroblasts (OFs), specialized mesenchymal cells beneath the nail matrix, have emerged as potential regulators of NSC differentiation. However, limited understanding of OFs' cellular properties and transcriptomic profiles hinders our comprehension of their role. This study aims to characterize human OFs and investigate their involvement in NSC differentiation. Methods: Human OFs were isolated and characterized for their mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like phenotype through flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. Bulk RNA-seq analysis was conducted on three samples of OFs and control fibroblasts from human nail units to delineate their molecular features. Integrated analysis with scRNA-seq data was performed to identify key signaling pathways involved in OF-induced NSC differentiation. Co-culture experiments, siRNA transfection, RT-qPCR, and immunocytochemistry were employed to investigate the effect of OF-derived soluble proteins on NSC differentiation. Drug treatments, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to verify the regulation of candidate signaling pathways on NSC differentiation in vitro. Results: Human OFs exhibited slow cell cycle kinetics, expressed typical MSC markers, and demonstrated multilineage differentiation potential. Bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed differential gene expression in OFs compared to control fibroblasts, highlighting their role in coordinating nail development. Integrated analysis identified BMP4 as a pivotal signal for OFs to participate in NSC differentiation through mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, with the TGF-beta pathway possibly mediating this signal. OFs synthesized and secreted more BMP4 than control fibroblasts, and BMP4 derived from OFs induced NSC differentiation in a co-culture model. Recombinant human BMP4 activated the TGF-beta pathway in NSCs, leading to cell differentiation, while the BMP type I receptor inhibitor LDN193189 attenuated this effect. Discussion: This study characterizes the cellular and molecular features of human OFs, demonstrating their ability to regulate NSC differentiation via the TGF-beta signaling pathway. These findings establish a connection between the dermal microenvironment and NSC differentiation, suggesting the potential of OFs, in conjunction with NSCs, for developing novel therapies targeting nail and digit defects, even severe limb amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiateng Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin S, Cai M, Zhang L, Mao Y, Wu H, Liu X, Li Y, Liang M, Cheng X, Yu F, He H, Zong R, Wu H, Liu Z, Ou S, Li W. Limbal Stem Cell Dysfunction Induced by Severe Dry Eye via Activation of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1863-1878. [PMID: 37634709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe dry eye (SDE) can cause grievous damage to the ocular surface and result in vision impairment and even blindness. To investigate the fate of limbal stem cells in SDE and the underlying mechanism, the current study established an SDE rat model by removing the extraorbital and infraorbital lacrimal glands and maintaining them in a low-humidity environment. One month after the surgery, aqueous tear secretion was reduced dramatically, blood vessels invaded into the central cornea, and inflammatory cells infiltrated into the limbal stroma. The expressions of keratin 12 and paired box gene 6 were down-regulated dramatically, while those of keratin 10, small proline-rich protein 1b, and mucin 5AC were up-regulated in the corneal epithelium of the SDE rats. Cell proliferation in the limbal epithelium was up-regulated, while the stem/progenitor marker adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette member 2 and the limbal epithelial colony-forming efficiency were decreased in the SDE condition. Furthermore, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was activated in the limbal corneal epithelium of SDE rats. The abnormal differentiation and stemness loss in the corneal epithelium could be reversed upon treatment with a p38 inhibitor in a SDE in vivo model and in vitro hyperosmolar corneal epithelial culture conditions. These data suggest that SDE can lead to limbal stem cell dysfunction, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation plays an essential role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Minqing Cai
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinxuan Cheng
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Huping Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, China; Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, China; Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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3
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Shou Y, Le Z, Cheng HS, Liu Q, Ng YZ, Becker DL, Li X, Liu L, Xue C, Yeo NJY, Tan R, Low J, Kumar ARK, Wu KZ, Li H, Cheung C, Lim CT, Tan NS, Chen Y, Liu Z, Tay A. Mechano-Activated Cell Therapy for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304638. [PMID: 37681325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are a significant global healthcare challenge. Current strategies, such as biomaterials, cell therapies, and medical devices, however, only target a few pathological features and have limited efficacy. A powerful platform technology combining magneto-responsive hydrogel, cells, and wireless magneto-induced dynamic mechanical stimulation (MDMS) is developed to accelerate diabetic wound healing. The hydrogel encapsulates U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve ∼3-fold better wound closure in a diabetic mouse model. MDMS acts as a nongenetic mechano-rheostat to activate fibroblasts, resulting in ∼240% better proliferation, ∼220% more collagen deposition, and improved keratinocyte paracrine profiles via the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway to boost angiogenesis. The magneto-responsive property also enables on-demand insulin release for spatiotemporal glucose regulation through increasing network deformation and interstitial flow. By mining scRNAseq data, a mechanosensitive fibroblast subpopulation is identified that can be mechanically tuned for enhanced proliferation and collagen production, maximizing therapeutic impact. The "all-in-one" system addresses major pathological factors associated with diabetic wounds in a single platform, with potential applications for other challenging wound types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Qimin Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhen Ng
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - David Laurence Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Chencheng Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Natalie Jia Ying Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Runcheng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Arun R K Kumar
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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Parisi L, Rihs S, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Katsaros C, Degen M. Discovery and characterization of heterogeneous and multipotent fibroblast populations isolated from excised cleft lip tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:469. [PMID: 36076255 PMCID: PMC9461253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regularly discarded lip tissue obtained from corrective surgeries to close the cleft lip represents an easily accessible and rich source for the isolation of primary fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts have been described to show compelling similarities to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hence, cleft lip and palate (CLP) lip-derived fibroblasts could be thought as an intriguing cell source for personalized regenerative therapies in CLP-affected patients. Methods Initially, we thoroughly characterized the fibroblastic nature of the lip-derived mesenchymal outgrowths by molecular and functional assays. Next, we compared their phenotype and genotype to that of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and of human lung-derived fibroblasts WI38, by assessing their morphology, surface marker expression, trilineage differentiation potential, colony-forming (CFU) capacity, and immunomodulation property. Finally, to better decipher the heterogeneity of our CLP cultures, we performed a single cell clonal analysis and tested expanded clones for surface marker expression, as well as osteogenic and CFU potential. Results We identified intriguingly similar phenotypic and genotypic properties between CLP lip fibroblasts and BM-MSCs, which makes them distinct from WI38. Furthermore, our own data in combination with the complex anatomy of the lip tissue indicated heterogeneity in our CLP cultures. Using a clonal analysis, we discovered single cell-derived clones with increased levels of the MSC markers CD106 and CD146 and clones with variabilities in their commitment to differentiate into bone-forming cells and in their potential to form single cell-derived colonies. However, we were not able to gain clones possessing superior MSC-like capacities when compared to the heterogeneous parental CLP population. Additionally, all clones could still generate contractile forces and retained robust levels of the fibroblast specific marker FSP1, which was not detectable in BM-MSCs. Conclusions Our results suggest that we isolate heterogeneous populations of fibroblasts from discarded CLP lip tissue, which show a prominently multipotent character in their entirety avoiding the need for elaborate subpopulation selections in vitro. These findings suggest that CLP lip fibroblasts might be a novel potential cell source for personalized regenerative medicine of clinical benefit for CLP patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Xia D, Liu J, Yong J, Li X, Ji W, Zhao Z, Wang X, Xiao C, Wu S, Liu H, Zhao H, He Y. Strategies for understanding the role of cellular heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of lung cancer: a cell model for chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36056339 PMCID: PMC9438261 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human tumors are highly heterogeneous at the cellular, molecular, genetic and functional levels. Tumor heterogeneity has tremendous impact on cancer progression and treatment responses. However, the mechanisms for tumor heterogeneity have been poorly understood due to the lack of experimental models. Methods This study provides a novel exploration and analysis of the impacts of cellular and molecular heterogeneity of human lung epithelial cells on their malignant transformation following chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extracts. Results The ability of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to cause malignant transformation of the human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) is dependent on the sizes of the cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in this process. Mechanistically, CSE-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells was closely linked to the reduced relative telomere length of the larger 16HBE cells, thereby up-regulation of the expression of stemness genes. Conclusions These findings provide novel insights for understanding the impact of cellular heterogeneity in lung cancer development. The in vitro transformation model described in this study could be extrapolated to studying the pathogenesis of other malignancies, as well as for mechanistic studies that are not feasible in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02116-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixiang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Duarte SS, Silva DKF, Lisboa TMH, Gouveia RG, de Andrade CCN, de Sousa VM, Ferreira RC, de Moura RO, Gomes JNS, da Silva PM, de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de Azevedo F, Keesen TSL, Gonçalves JCR, Batista LM, Sobral MV. Apoptotic and antioxidant effects in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells by a spiro-acridine compound, AMTAC-06. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:545-554. [PMID: 35297003 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acridine compounds have been described as promising anticancer agents. Previous studies showed that (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a spiro-acridine compound, has antitumor activity on Ehrlich tumor and low toxicity. Herein, we investigated its antitumor effect against human cells in vitro. METHODS MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of AMTAC-06 (3.125-200 µM) against tumor and non-tumor cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The effects on the cell cycle (propidium iodide-PI-staining), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometry), and production of reactive oxygen species, ROS (DCFH assay) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was achieved using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. RESULTS AMTAC-06 showed higher cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells (IC50: 12.62 µM). The SI showed that AMTAC-06 was more selective for HCT-116 cells (HaCaT SI: 1.41; PBMC SI: 0.62) than doxorubicin (HaCaT SI: 0.10; PBMC SI: 0.01). AMTAC-06 (15 and 30 µM) induced an increase in the sub-G1 peak (p < 0.000001) and cell cycle arrest in S phase (p = 0.003547). Moreover, treatment with this compound (15 and 30 µM) resulted in increased early (p < 0.000001) and late apoptotic cells (p < 0.000001). In addition, there was a reduction on ROS production (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS AMTAC-06 presents anticancer activity against HCT-116 cells by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and an antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Sousa Duarte
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daiana Karla Frade Silva
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mangeon Honorato Lisboa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rawny Galdino Gouveia
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Valgrícia Matias de Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Joilly Nilce Santana Gomes
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Invertebrate Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana S L Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Oncofarmacologia (Oncofar), Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos (IPeFarM). Cidade Universitária, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil.
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7
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Chan WW, Yu F, Le QB, Chen S, Yee M, Choudhury D. Towards Biomanufacturing of Cell-Derived Matrices. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111929. [PMID: 34769358 PMCID: PMC8585106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived matrices (CDM) are the decellularised extracellular matrices (ECM) of tissues obtained by the laboratory culture process. CDM is developed to mimic, to a certain extent, the properties of the needed natural tissue and thus to obviate the use of animals. The composition of CDM can be tailored for intended applications by carefully optimising the cell sources, culturing conditions and decellularising methods. This unique advantage has inspired the increasing use of CDM for biomedical research, ranging from stem cell niches to disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, while much effort is spent on extracting different types of CDM and exploring their utilisation, little is spent on the scale-up aspect of CDM production. The ability to scale up CDM production is essential, as the materials are due for clinical trials and regulatory approval, and in fact, this ability to scale up should be an important factor from the early stages. In this review, we first introduce the current CDM production and characterisation methods. We then describe the existing scale-up technologies for cell culture and highlight the key considerations in scaling-up CDM manufacturing. Finally, we discuss the considerations and challenges faced while converting a laboratory protocol into a full industrial process. Scaling-up CDM manufacturing is a challenging task since it may be hindered by technologies that are not yet available. The early identification of these gaps will not only quicken CDM based product development but also help drive the advancement in scale-up cell culture and ECM extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Wan Chan
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Smart MicroFluidics, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Quang Bach Le
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sixun Chen
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Marcus Yee
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Deepak Choudhury
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Miles RR, Amin PH, Diaz MB, Misra J, Aukerman E, Das A, Ghosh N, Guith T, Knierman MD, Roy S, Spandau DF, Wek RC. The eIF2 kinase GCN2 directs keratinocyte collective cell migration during wound healing via coordination of reactive oxygen species and amino acids. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101257. [PMID: 34597669 PMCID: PMC8554533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds requires the collective migration of epithelial keratinocytes to seal the wound bed from the environment. However, the signaling events that coordinate this collective migration are unclear. In this report, we address the role of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) and attendant gene expression during wound healing. Wounding of human keratinocyte monolayers in vitro led to the rapid activation of the eIF2 kinase GCN2. We determined that deletion or pharmacological inhibition of GCN2 significantly delayed collective cell migration and wound closure. Global transcriptomic, biochemical, and cellular analyses indicated that GCN2 is necessary for maintenance of intracellular free amino acids, particularly cysteine, as well as coordination of RAC1-GTP-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lamellipodia formation, and focal adhesion dynamics following keratinocyte wounding. In vivo experiments using mice deficient for GCN2 validated the role of the eIF2 kinase during wound healing in intact skin. These results indicate that GCN2 is critical for appropriate induction of collective cell migration and plays a critical role in coordinating the re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Miles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Miguel Barriera Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erica Aukerman
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tanner Guith
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael D Knierman
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Ali D, Alhattab D, Jafar H, Alzubide M, Sharar N, Bdour S, Awidi A. Differential Marker Expression between Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Their Progeny Generated from a Single Colony. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910810. [PMID: 34639148 PMCID: PMC8509450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The stemness in keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) is determined by their gene expression patterns. KSCs are crucial in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and wound repair and are widely used candidates for therapeutic applications. Although several studies have reported their positive identifiers, unique biomarkers for KSCs remain elusive. Here, we aim to identify potential candidate stem cell markers. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) from neonatal foreskin tissues were isolated and cultured. Single-cell clonal analysis identified and characterized three types of cells: KSCs (holoclones), transient amplifying cells (TACs; meroclones), and differentiated cells (DSCs; paraclones). The clonogenic potential of KSCs demonstrated the highest proliferation potential of KSCs, followed by TACs and DSCs, respectively. Whole-transcriptome analysis using microarray technology unraveled the molecular signatures of these cells. These results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry analysis. A total of 301 signature upregulated and 149 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the KSCs, compared to TACs and DSCs. Furthermore, DEG analyses revealed new sets of genes related to cell proliferation, cell adhesion, surface makers, and regulatory factors. In conclusion, this study provides a useful source of information for the identification of potential SC-specific candidate markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dema Ali
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dana Alhattab
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malak Alzubide
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nour Sharar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Salwa Bdour
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
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10
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Frese L, Darwiche SE, von Rechenberg B, Hoerstrup SP, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M. Thermal conditioning improves quality and speed of keratinocyte sheet production for burn wound treatment. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:536-547. [PMID: 33685808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cultured patient-specific keratinocyte sheets have been used clinically since the 1970s for the treatment of large severe burns. However, despite significant developments in recent years, successful and sustainable treatment is still a challenge. Reliable, high-quality grafts with faster availability and a flexible time window for transplantation are required to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS Keratinocytes are usually grown in vitro at 37°C. Given the large temperature differences in native skin tissue, the aim of the authors' study was to investigate thermal conditioning of keratinocyte sheet production. Therefore, the influence of 31°C, 33°C and 37°C on cell expansion and differentiation in terms of proliferation and sheet formation efficacy was investigated. In addition, the thermal effect on the biological status and thus the quality of the graft was assessed on the basis of the release of wound healing-related biofactors in various stages of graft development. RESULTS The authors demonstrated that temperature is a decisive factor in the production of human keratinocyte sheets. By using specific temperature ranges, the authors have succeeded in optimizing the individual manufacturing steps. During the cell expansion phase, cultivation at 37°C was most effective. After 6 days of culture at 37°C, three times and six times higher numbers of viable cells were obtained compared with 33°C and 31°C. During the cell differentiation and sheet formation phase, however, the cells benefited from a mildly hypothermic temperature of 33°C. Keratinocytes showed increased differentiation potential and formed better epidermal structures, which led to faster biomechanical sheet stability at day 18. In addition, a cultivation temperature of 33°C resulted in a longer lasting and higher secretion of the investigated immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and pro-inflammatory biofactors. CONCLUSIONS These results show that by using specific temperature ranges, it is possible to accelerate the large-scale production of cultivated keratinocyte sheets while at the same time improving quality. Cultivated keratinocyte sheets are available as early as 18 days post-biopsy and at any time for 7 days thereafter, which increases the flexibility of the process for surgeons and patients alike. These findings will help to provide better clinical outcomes, with an increased take rate in severe burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frese
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; La Colline Research Fellow, La Colline, Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Salim E Darwiche
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, VetSuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, VetSuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Cucco C, Zhang Z, Botero TM, Chiego DJ, Castilho RM, Nör JE. SCF/C-Kit Signaling Induces Self-Renewal of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2020; 46:S56-S62. [PMID: 32950196 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The maintenance of a stem cell pool is imperative to enable healing processes in the dental pulp tissue throughout life. As such, knowing mechanisms underlying stem cell self-renewal is critical to understand pulp pathophysiology and pulp regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stem cell factor (SCF) signaling through its receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) on the self-renewal of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS The hDPSCs were stably transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA-c-Kit or vector control. The impact of the SCF/c-Kit axis on hDPSC self-renewal was evaluated by using a pulpsphere assay in low attachment conditions and by evaluating the expression of polycomb complex protein Bmi-1 (master regulator of self-renewal) by Western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS The c-Kit-silenced hDPSCs formed fewer pulpspheres when compared with hDPSCs transduced with control vector (P < .05). Evaluation of pulpsphere morphology revealed the presence of 3 distinct sphere types, ie, holospheres, merospheres, and paraspheres. Although c-Kit silencing decreased the number of holospheres compared with control cells (P < .05), it had no effect on the number of merospheres and paraspheres. Recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) increased the number of holospheres (P < .05) and induced dose-dependent Bmi-1 expression in hDPSCs. As expected, the inductive capacity of rhSCF on Bmi-1 expression and fraction of Bmi-1-positive cells was inhibited when we silenced c-Kit in hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results unveiled the role of SCF/c-Kit signaling on the self-renewal of hDPSCs and suggested that this pathway enables long-term maintenance of stem cell pools in human dental pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cucco
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tatiana M Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Chiego
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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12
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Prostate cancer-derived holoclones: a novel and effective model for evaluating cancer stemness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11329. [PMID: 32647229 PMCID: PMC7347552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 13.5% of all newly diagnosed male cancer cases. Significant clinical burdens remain in terms of ineffective prognostication, with overtreatment of insignificant disease. Additionally, the pathobiology underlying disease heterogeneity remains poorly understood. As the role of cancer stem cells in the perpetuation of aggressive carcinoma is being substantiated by experimental evidence, it is crucially important to understand the molecular mechanisms, which regulate key features of cancer stem cells. We investigated two methods for in vitro cultivation of putative prostate cancer stem cells based on ‘high-salt agar’ and ‘monoclonal cultivation’. Data demonstrated ‘monoclonal cultivation’ as the superior method. We demonstrated that ‘holoclones’ expressed canonical stem markers, retained the exclusive ability to generate poorly differentiated tumours in NOD/SCID mice and possessed a unique mRNA-miRNA gene signature. miRNA:Target interactions analysis visualised potentially critical regulatory networks, which are dysregulated in prostate cancer holoclones. The characterisation of this tumorigenic population lays the groundwork for this model to be used in the identification of proteomic or small non-coding RNA therapeutic targets for the eradication of this critical cellular population. This is significant, as it provides a potential route to limit development of aggressive disease and thus improve survival rates.
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13
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Yang Q, Lopez MJ. The Equine Hoof: Laminitis, Progenitor (Stem) Cells, and Therapy Development. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 49:1294-1307. [PMID: 31741428 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319880469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The equine hoof capsule, composed of modified epidermis and dermis, is vital for protecting the third phalanx from forces of locomotion. There are descriptions of laminitis, defined as inflammation of sensitive hoof tissues but recognized as pathologic changes with or without inflammatory mediators, in the earliest records of domesticated horses. Laminitis can range from mild to serious, and signs can be acute, chronic, or transition from acute, severe inflammation to permanently abnormal tissue. Damage within the intricate dermal and epidermal connections of the primary and secondary lamellae is often associated with lifelong changes in hoof growth, repair, and conformation. Decades of research contribute to contemporary standards of care that include systemic and local therapies as well as mechanical hoof support. Despite this, consistent mechanisms to restore healthy tissue formation following a laminitic insult are lacking. Endogenous and exogenous progenitor cell contributions to healthy tissue formation is established for most tissues. There is comparably little information about equine hoof progenitor cells. Equine hoof anatomy, laminitis, and progenitor cells are covered in this review. The potential of progenitor cells to advance in vitro equine hoof tissue models and translate to clinical therapies may significantly improve prevention and treatment of a devastating condition that has afflicted equine companions throughout history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiu Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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14
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Strnadova K, Sandera V, Dvorankova B, Kodet O, Duskova M, Smetana K, Lacina L. Skin aging: the dermal perspective. Clin Dermatol 2019; 37:326-335. [PMID: 31345320 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The world population of adults aged 60 years or more is increasing globally, and this development can impact skin disease morbidity and mortality, as well as being reflected in the health care system organization. There is substantial evidence that the burden from a remarkable number of skin nonmalignant and malignant conditions is greater in the elderly. Dermatologic research and clinical education in dermatology should focus on both challenges and opportunities created by aging. Skin aging due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can alter significantly epidermal and dermal structure and functions. Dermal aging can be linked to a great number of complications in routine dermatologic conditions, with slow healing as an example of a severe complication in the elderly. This may be attributed to aged dermal fibroblasts modifying the tissue microenvironment via a shift in their soluble factors and extracellular matrix repertoire. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype can explain the particular proclivity of aged skin to develop malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strnadova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Sandera
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvorankova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kodet
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Duskova
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Xue M, Dervish S, Jackson CJ. Isolation of Human Skin Epidermal Stem Cells Based on the Expression of Endothelial Protein C Receptor. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1879:165-174. [PMID: 29728944 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin epidermis is a continuous self-renewal tissue maintained by interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IESCs) that reside in the basal layer of epidermis. IESCs also contribute to the repair and regeneration of the epidermis during wound healing. The great plasticity and easy accessibility afforded by IESCs make them a promising source of stem cells for scientific research and clinical applications. Thus, simple methods to isolate and define pure and viable IESCs are a valuable resource. Here, we provide a method for isolating IESCs from human skin epidermis. This method relies exclusively on selecting cells with a higher expression of the endothelial protein C receptor, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suat Dervish
- The Westmead Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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16
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Hassanzadeh H, Matin MM, Naderi-Meshkin H, Bidkhori HR, Mirahmadi M, Raeesolmohaddeseen M, Sanjar-Moussavi N, Bahrami AR. Using paracrine effects of Ad-MSCs on keratinocyte cultivation and fabrication of epidermal sheets for improving clinical applications. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:531-547. [PMID: 30105667 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in wound healing have made cell therapy a potential approach for the treatment of various types of skin defects such as trauma, burns, scars and diabetic leg ulcers. Cultured keratinocytes have been applied to burn patients since 1981. Patients with acute and chronic wounds can be treated with autologous/allograft cultured keratinocytes. There are various methods for cultivation of epidermal keratinocytes used in cell therapy. One of the important properties of an efficient cell therapy is the preservation of epidermal stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are major regulatory cells involved in the acceleration of wound healing via induction of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and stimulating the release of paracrine signaling molecules. Considering the beneficial effects of MSCs on wound healing, the main aim of the present study is investigating paracrine effects of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Ad-MSCs) on cultivation of keratinocytes with focusing on preservation of stem cells and their differentiation process. We further introduced a new approach for culturing isolated keratinocytes in vitro in order to generate epidermal keratinocyte sheets without using a feeder layer. To do so, Ad-MSC conditioned medium was applied as an alternative to commercial media for keratinocyte cultivation. In this study, the expression of several stem/progenitor cell (P63, K19 and K14) and differentition (K10, IVL and FLG) markers was examined using real time PCR on days 7, 14 and 21 of culture in keratinocytes in Ad-MSC conditioned medium. P63 and α6 integrin expression was also evaluated via flow cytometry. The results were compared with control group including keratinocytes cultured in EpiLife medium and our data indicated that this Ad-MSC conditioned medium is a good alternative for keratinocyte cultivation and producing epidermal sheets for therapeutic and clinical purposes. The reasons are the expression of stem cell and differentiation markers and overcoming the requirement for feeder layer which leads to a xenograft-free transplantation. Besides, this approach has low cost and is easier to perform. However, more in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as safety evaluation required before clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Hassanzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Raeesolmohaddeseen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Li Z, Gothard E, Coles MC, Ambler CA. Quantitative Methods for Measuring Repair Rates and Innate-Immune Cell Responses in Wounded Mouse Skin. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535723 PMCID: PMC5835106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In skin wounds, innate-immune cells clear up tissue debris and microbial contamination, and also secrete cytokines and other growth factors that impact repair process such as re-epithelialization and wound closure. After injury, there is a rapid influx and efflux of immune cells at wound sites, yet the function of each innate cell population in skin repair is still under investigation. Flow cytometry is a valuable research tool for detecting and quantifying immune cells; however, in mouse back skin, the difficulty in extracting immune cells from small area of skin due to tissue complexity has made cytometric analysis an underutilized tool. In this paper, we provide detailed methods on the digestion of lesion-specific skin without disrupting antigen expression followed by multiplex cell staining that allows for identification of seven innate-immune populations, including rare subsets such as group-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), by flow-cytometry analysis. Furthermore, when studying the functions of immune cells to tissue repair an important metric to monitor is size of the wound opening. Normal wounds close steadily albeit at non-linear rates, while slow or stalled wound closure can indicate an underlying problem with the repair process. Calliper measurements are difficult and time-consuming to obtain and can require repeated sedation of experimental animals. We provide advanced methods for measuring of wound openness; digital 3D image capture and semi-automated image processing that allows for unbiased, reliable measurements that can be taken repeatedly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Biosciences Department, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gothard
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A Ambler
- Biosciences Department, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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18
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and therapy is steadily improving. Still, diagnosis is frequently late and diagnosis and follow-up procedures mostly are time-consuming and expensive. Searching for tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) in body fluids may provide an alternative, minimally invasive, yet highly reliable diagnostic tool. Beyond this, there is strong evidence that TEX could become a potent therapeutics. Exosomes, small vesicles delivered by many cells of the organism, are found in all body fluids. Exosomes are characterized by lipid composition, common and donor cell specific proteins, mRNA, small non-coding RNA including miRNA and DNA. Particularly the protein and miRNA markers received much attention as they may allow for highly specific diagnosis and can provide hints toward tumor aggressiveness and progression, where exosome-based diagnosis and follow-up is greatly facilitated by the recovery of exosomes in body fluids, particularly the peripheral blood. Beyond this, exosomes are the most important intercellular communicators that modulate, instruct, and reprogram their surrounding as well as distant organs. In concern about TEX this includes message transfer from tumor cells toward the tumor stroma, the premetastatic niche, the hematopoietic system and, last but not least, the instruction of non-cancer stem cells by cancer-initiating cells (CIC). Taking this into account, it becomes obvious that "tailored" exosomes offer themselves as potent therapeutic delivery system. In brief, during the last 4-5 years there is an ever-increasing, overwhelming interest in exosome research. This boom appears fully justified provided the content of the exosomes becomes most thoroughly analyzed and their mode of intercellular interaction can be unraveled in detail as this knowledge will open new doors toward cancer diagnosis and therapy including immunotherapy and CIC reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Wang T, He J, Zhang Y, Shi W, Dong J, Pei M, Zhu L. A Selective Cell Population from Dermis Strengthens Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:306-315. [PMID: 28170187 PMCID: PMC5442747 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding appropriate seed cells for bone tissue engineering remains a significant challenge. Considering that skin is the largest organ, we hypothesized that human bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BmprIB)+ dermal cells could have enhanced osteogenic capacity in the healing of critical-sized calvarial defects in an immunodeficient mouse model. In this study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that BmprIB was expressed throughout reticular dermal cells; the positive expression rate of BmprIB was 3.5% ± 0.4% in freshly separated dermal cells, by flow cytometry. Furthermore, in vitro osteogenic capacity of BmprIB+ cells was confirmed by osteogenic-related staining and marker gene expression compared with unsorted dermal cells. In vivo osteogenic capacity was demonstrated by implantation of human BmprIB+ cell/coral constructs in the treatment of 4-mm diameter calvarial defects in an immunodeficient mouse model compared with implantation of unsorted cell/coral constructs and coral scaffold alone. These results indicate that the selective cell population BmprIB from human dermis is a promising osteogenic progenitor cell that can be a large-quantity and high-quality cell source for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:306-315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingliang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguang He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Li H, Zhou H, Fu X, Xiao R. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into keratinocyte progenitors in vitro: an attempt with promise of clinical use. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:885-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Trubiani O, Orsini G, Caputi S, Piatelli A. Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dental Research: A New Approach for Tissue Engineering. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:451-60. [PMID: 17026831 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adult tissues contain a population of stem cells that have the ability to regenerate after trauma, disease or aging. Recently, there has been great interest in mesenchymal stem cells and their roles in maintaining the physiological structure of tissues. The studies on stem cells are thought to be very important and, in fact, it has been shown that this cell population can be expanded ex vivo to regenerate tissues not only of the mesenchymal lineage, such as intervertebral disc cartilage, bone and tooth-associated tissues, but also other types of tissues. Several studies have focused on the identification of odontogenic progenitors from oral tissues, and it has been shown that the mesenchymal stem cells obtained from periodontal ligament and dental pulp could have similar morphological and phenotypical features of the bone marrow mesenchymal cells. In fact a population of homogeneous human mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal ligament and dental pulp, and proliferating in culture with a well-spread morphology, can be recovered and characterized. Since these cells are considered as candidates for regenerative medicine, the knowledge of the cell differentiation mechanisms is imperative for the development of predictable techniques in implant dentistry, oral surgery and maxillo-facial reconstruction. Thus, future research efforts might be focused on the potential use of this cell population in tissue engineering. Further studies will be carried out to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in their maintenance and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trubiani
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Science, Ce.SI. Foundation G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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23
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Profiling the Behavior of Distinct Populations of Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8010007. [PMID: 26742076 PMCID: PMC4728454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with self-renewal properties and the capacity to dynamically adapt to physiological changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment. CSCs play a central role in resistance to therapy and long-term disease recurrence. Better characterization and understanding of the available in vitro tools to study the biology of CSCs will improve our knowledge of the processes underlying tumor response to therapy, and will help in the screening and development of novel strategies targeting CSCs. We investigated the behavior of different populations of head and neck CSCs grown under ultra-low adhesion conditions. We found that invasion and adhesion differ among tumorsphere subtypes (holospheres, merospheres and paraspheres), and their tumor cell progeny also harbor distinct self-renewal and clonogenic potentials. Furthermore, holospheres contained higher numbers of head and neck CSCs, as detected by the CD44 cancer stem cell marker and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity. In addition, holospheres showed reduced proliferation (Ki67), hypoacetylation of histones, and increased expression of the BMI-1 epithelial stem cell marker, suggesting activation of stem cell programs. Collectively, our results suggest that holospheres enrich a specific population of CSCs with enhanced “stemness” and invasive potential.
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24
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Son YJ, Kim HS, Yoo HS. Layer-by-layer surface decoration of electrospun nanofibrous meshes for air–liquid interface cultivation of epidermal cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PEG multilayered nanofibrous mat for air–liquid interface cell cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Son
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
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25
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Zhao A, Yang L, Ma K, Sun M, Li L, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang C, Li H, Fu X. Overexpression of cyclin D1 induces the reprogramming of differentiated epidermal cells into stem cell-like cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:644-53. [PMID: 26890246 PMCID: PMC4845944 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Wnt/β-catenin is critical for dedifferentiation of differentiated epidermal cells. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is a β-catenin target gene. In this study, we provide evidence that overexpression of CCND1 induces reprogramming of epidermal cells into stem cell-like cells. After introducing CCND1 gene into differentiated epidermal cells, we found that the large flat-shaped cells with a small nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio changed into small round-shaped cells with a large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The expressions of CK10, β1-integrin, Oct4 and Nanog in CCND1 induced cells were remarkably higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, the induced cells exhibited a high colony-forming ability and a long-term proliferative potential. When the induced cells were implanted into a wound of laboratory animal model, the wound healing was accelerated. These results suggested that overexpression of CCND1 induced the reprogramming of differentiated epidermal cells into stem cell-like cells. This study may also offer a new approach to yield epidermal stem cells for wound repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Zhao
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kui Ma
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengli Sun
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- CONTACT Cuiping Zhang Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Haihong Li Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China, 515041
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Xiaobing Fu Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
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26
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Karatas OF, Suer I, Yuceturk B, Yilmaz M, Hajiyev Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M, Ozen M. The role of miR-145 in stem cell characteristics of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4183-92. [PMID: 26490990 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) are tumorigenic cells promoting initiation, progression, and spread of the tumor. Accumulating evidences suggested the presence of CSLCs in distinct tumors including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MicroRNAs have been proposed as significant regulators of carcinogenesis, and several of them have been demonstrated to have direct roles in survival of CSLCs. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-145, which is downregulated in LSCC, on cancer stem cell potency of laryngeal cancer cells. We initially showed the downregulation of miR-145 expression in tumor tissue samples and in CD133-enriched CSLCs. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of miR-145-transfected Hep-2 cells demonstrated the inhibitory role of miR-145 on stem cell markers like SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and ABCG2. We, then, investigated the stem cell features of miR-145-overexpressing Hep-2 cells by sphere formation assay, single-cell cloning assay, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assay, which all demonstrated the inhibition of stem cell potency upon miR-145 overexpression. Further qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated altered expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in miR-145-overexpressing Hep-2 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the regulatory role of miR-145 in stem cell characteristics of Hep-2 cells. Based on these results, we propose that miR-145 might carry crucial roles in LSCC tumorigenesis, prognosis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence through regulating stem cell properties of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Suer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Yuceturk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Advanced Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusif Hajiyev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medical Genetics/Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biruni University, 10. Yil Caddesi Protokol Yolu No: 45, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Chugh RM, Chaturvedi M, Yerneni LK. An evaluation of the choice of feeder cell growth arrest for the production of cultured epidermis. Burns 2015; 41:1788-1795. [PMID: 26392024 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrested 3T3 cells have been used as feeder cells in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures to produce cultured epidermal autografts for the treatment of burns. The feeder cells were ideally growth-arrested by gamma-irradiation. Alternatively, growth arrest by mitomycin C treatment is a cost effective option. We compared the functional efficacy of these two approaches in keratinocyte cultures by colony forming efficiency, the net growth area of colonies, BrdU labeling and histological features of cultured epidermal sheets. The growth area estimation involved a semi-automated digital technique using the Adobe Photoshop and comprised of isolation and enumeration of red pixels in Rhodamine B-stained keratinocyte colonies. A further refinement of the technique led to the identification of critical steps to increasing the degree of accuracy and enabling its application as an extension of colony formation assay. The results on feeder cell functionality revealed that the gamma irradiated feeders influenced significantly higher colony forming efficiency and larger growth area than the mitomycin C treated feeders. The BrdU labeling study indicated significant stimulation of the overall keratinocyte proliferation by the gamma irradiated feeders. The cultured epidermal sheets produced by gamma feeders were relatively thicker than those produced by mitomycin C feeders. We discussed the clinical utility of mitomycin C feeders from the viewpoint of cost-effective burn care in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Man Chugh
- Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Madhusudan Chaturvedi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), New Delhi, India; Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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28
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Aguiar C, Therrien J, Lemire P, Segura M, Smith LC, Theoret CL. Differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells into a keratinocyte lineage. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:338-45. [PMID: 25781637 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Skin trauma in horses often leads to the development of chronic nonhealing wounds that lack a keratinocyte cover, vital for healing. Reports in mouse and man confirm the possibility of generating functional keratinocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), thus presenting myriad potential applications for wound management or treatment of skin disease. Similarly, differentiation of equine iPSC (eiPSC) into a keratinocyte lineage should provide opportunities for the advancement of veterinary regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient method for the differentiation of eiPSC into a keratinocyte lineage. It was hypothesised that eiPSC can form differentiated keratinocytes (eiPSC-KC) comparable with primary equine keratinocytes (PEK) in their morphological and functional characteristics. STUDY DESIGN Experimental in vitro study. METHODS Equine iPSC established using a nonviral system were treated for 30 days with retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein-4 to induce directed differentiation into iPSC-KC. Temporospatial gene and protein expression by eiPSC-KC was measured at weekly intervals of differentiation and in response to calcium switch. Proliferative and migratory capacities of eiPSC-KC were compared with those of PEK. RESULTS Equine iPSC, upon directed differentiation, showed loss of pluripotency genes and progressive increase in pancytokeratin expression indicating ectodermal specification into keratinocytes. High differentiation efficiency was achieved, with 82.5% of eiPSC expressing keratin 14, a marker of epidermal-specific basal stem cells, after 30 days of directed differentiation. Moreover, the proliferative capacity of eiPSC-KC was superior, while the migratory capacity (measured as the ability to epithelise in vitro wounds) was comparable with that of PEK. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept study suggests that eiPSC can successfully be differentiated into equine keratinocytes (eiPSC-KC) with features that are promising to the development of a stem cell-based skin construct, with the potential to regenerate lost or damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aguiar
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - J Therrien
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - P Lemire
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - M Segura
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - L C Smith
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - C L Theoret
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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29
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Nagamine K, Abe Y, Kai H, Kaji H, Nishizawa M. Highly stretchable cell-cultured hydrogel sheet. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A free-standing cell-cultured hydrogel sheet with stretchability was prepared for an in vitro cellular assay with mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nagamine
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Yuina Abe
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kai
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
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30
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Epidermal healing in burns: autologous keratinocyte transplantation as a standard procedure: update and perspective. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e218. [PMID: 25426401 PMCID: PMC4229277 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Treatment of burned patients is a tricky clinical problem not only because of the extent of the physiologic abnormalities but also because of the limited area of normal skin available. Methods: Literature indexed in the National Center (PubMed) has been reviewed using combinations of key words (burns, children, skin graft, tissue engineering, and keratinocyte grafts). Articles investigating the association between burns and graft therapeutic modalities have been considered. Further literature has been obtained by analysis of references listed in reviewed articles. Results: Severe burns are conventionally treated with split-thickness skin autografts. However, there are usually not enough skin donor sites. For years, the question of how covering the wound surface became one of the major challenges in clinical research area and several procedures were proposed. The microskin graft is one of the oldest methods to cover extensive burns. This technique of skin expansion is efficient, but results remain inconsistent. An alternative is to graft cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. However, because of several complications and labor-intensive process of preparing grafts, the initial optimism for cultured epithelial autograft has gradually declined. In an effort to solve these drawbacks, isolated epithelial cells from selecting donor site were introduced in skin transplantation. Conclusions: Cell suspensions transplanted directly to the wound is an attractive process, removing the need for attachment to a membrane before transfer and avoiding one potential source of inefficiency. Choosing an optimal donor site containing cells with high proliferative capacity is essential for graft success in burns.
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31
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Broeckx SY, Maes S, Martinello T, Aerts D, Chiers K, Mariën T, Patruno M, Franco-Obregón A, Spaas JH. Equine Epidermis: A Source of Epithelial-Like Stem/Progenitor Cells with In Vitro and In Vivo Regenerative Capacities. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1134-48. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. Broeckx
- Global Stem cell Technology, Meldert-Lummen, Belgium
- Pell Cell Medicals, Opglabbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tom Mariën
- Equitom Equine Hospital, Meldert-Lummen, Belgium
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan H. Spaas
- Global Stem cell Technology, Meldert-Lummen, Belgium
- Pell Cell Medicals, Opglabbeek, Belgium
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Sekuła M, Miekus K, Majka M. Downregulation of the CXCR4 receptor inhibits cervical carcinoma metastatic behavior in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1853-60. [PMID: 24728301 PMCID: PMC4063539 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is frequently diagnosed among women, particularly in low and middle income countries. In this study, we investigated the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis during cervical carcinoma growth and progression in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of CXCR4 receptor using an RNA interference system led to almost complete inhibition of the receptor expression, activation and function. CXCR4 receptor silencing led to decreased ability to signal, to induce migration and to form holoclone-like colonies, with no influence on viability/proliferation of the cells. CXCR4-deficient cells had also significantly lower levels of MMP-9. Interestingly, downregulation of CXCR4 expression resulted in reduced tumor growth in vivo. Tumors generated by CXCR4-deficient cells had also lower expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and decreased ability to engraft into lungs and spleen. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCR4 receptor may play an important role during cervical carcinoma invasion. In our study CXCR4 influenced invasive properties of cervical carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sekuła
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
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Marianecci C, Rinaldi F, Di Marzio L, Mastriota M, Pieretti S, Celia C, Paolino D, Iannone M, Fresta M, Carafa M. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate-loaded niosomes as a potential nanotherapeutic system for anti-inflammatory activity in murine models. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:635-51. [PMID: 24493924 PMCID: PMC3908944 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquorice extracts demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in treating dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis when compared with corticosteroids. In this work, nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes, NSVs) containing polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), cholesterol, and cholesteryl hemisuccinate at different molar concentrations were used to prepare monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG)-loaded NSVs. The anti-inflammatory properties of AG-loaded NSVs were investigated in murine models. METHODS The physicochemical properties of the NSVs were characterized using dynamic light scattering. The fluidity of the lipid bilayer was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of diphenylhexatriene. The drug entrapment efficiency of AG was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The physicochemical stability of the NSVs was evaluated as a function of time using dynamic light scattering combined with Turbiscan Lab Expert analysis. Serum stability was determined by incubating the NSVs with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum. The cytotoxic effects of the NSVs were investigated in human dermal fibroblasts using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay (for cell mortality) and an MTT assay (for cell viability). Release profiles for the AG-loaded NSVs were studied in vitro using cellulose membranes. NSVs showing the most desirable physicochemical properties were selected to test for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in murine models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the NSVs was investigated by measuring edema and nociception in mice stimulated with chemical agents. RESULTS NSVs showed favorable physicochemical properties for in vitro and in vivo administration. In addition, they demonstrated long-term stability based on Turbiscan Lab Expert analysis. The membrane fluidity of the NSVs was not affected by self-assembling of the surfactants into colloidal structures. Fluorescence anisotropy was found to be independent of the molar ratios of cholesteryl hemisuccinate and/or cholesterol during preparation of the NSVs. The anti-inflammatory AG drug showed no effect on the stability of the NSVs. In vivo experiments demonstrated that AG-loaded NSVs decreased edema and nociceptive responses when compared with AG alone and empty NSVs. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that pH sensitive and neutral NSVs show no statistical significant difference. CONCLUSION NSVs were nontoxic and showed features favorable for potential administration in vivo. In addition, neutral NSVs showed signs of increased anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive responses when compared with AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University G d’Annunzio of Chieti of Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Mastriota
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University G d’Annunzio of Chieti of Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, University Campus S Venuta, Building of BioSciences, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- ARPA Calabria, Environmental Epidemiology Center, Italy
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute, Pharmacology Section, Complesso “Nini Barbieri”, Roccelletta di Borgia, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, University Campus S Venuta, Building of BioSciences, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lin J, Li MR, Ti DD, Zhao YL, Fu XB, Han WD. Rekindling the lost hair-forming world. Int Wound J 2013; 12:489-90. [PMID: 23937652 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lin
- Central Lab, Hainan Branch Chinese PLA General Hospital Sanya, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Mei-rong Li
- Central Lab, Hainan Branch Chinese PLA General Hospital Sanya, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Dong-dong Ti
- Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Ya-li Zhao
- Central Lab, Hainan Branch Chinese PLA General Hospital Sanya, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-bing Fu
- Central Lab, Hainan Branch Chinese PLA General Hospital Sanya, China. .,Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-dong Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China.
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Wang H, Rana S, Giese N, Büchler MW, Zöller M. Tspan8, CD44v6 and alpha6beta4 are biomarkers of migrating pancreatic cancer-initiating cells. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:416-26. [PMID: 23338841 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PaCa) being the deadliest cancer is partly due to early metastatic spread. Thus, we searched for PaCa-initiating cell (PaCIC) markers with emphasis on markers contributing to metastatic progression. PaCIC were enriched from long-term and freshly established lines by repeated selection for spheroid or holoclone growth in advance of evaluating PaCIC markers. Sphere and holoclone formation steeply increased by recloning and remained stable thereafter. Cells not forming spheres or holoclones died on recloning. PaCIC enrichment in spheres and holoclones was accompanied by increased motility, anchorage independence and upregulated CXCR4 expression. After subcutaneous injection in NOD/SCID mice tumorigenicity and, impressively, recovery of metastasizing tumor cells in peripheral blood, spleen, bone marrow, lung and pancreas was strongly increased in spheres and holoclones. PaCIC enrichment in spheres and holoclones was accompanied, besides CXCR4, by upregulated CD44v6, alpha6beta4, weakly CD133 and tetraspanin Tspan8 expression. Notably, CD44v6, alpha6beta4, CXCR4 and Tspan8 expressing PaCa cells had a growth advantage in vivo and became dominating in migrating and in distant organs settled tumor cells. This is the first report showing that CD44v6, alpha6beta4, Tspan8 and CXCR4 are biomarkers in PaCIC allowing for long-term survival, expansion and migration in immunocompromised mice. The stability of the percentage of PaCIC in long-term and freshly established lines after a roughly 8-fold enrichment by cloning indicates PaCIC, though required for long-term survival, concomitantly depending on support by non-CIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Wang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ivashkevich A, Redon CE, Nakamura AJ, Martin RF, Martin OA. Use of the γ-H2AX assay to monitor DNA damage and repair in translational cancer research. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:123-33. [PMID: 22198208 PMCID: PMC3329565 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formation of γ-H2AX in response to DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) provides the basis for a sensitive assay of DNA damage in human biopsies. The review focuses on the application of γ-H2AX-based methods to translational studies to monitor the clinical response to DNA targeted therapies such as some forms of chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, radionuclide therapy or combinations thereof. The escalating attention on radiation biodosimetry has also highlighted the potential of the assay including renewed efforts to assess the radiosensitivity of prospective radiotherapy patients. Finally the γ-H2AX response has been suggested as a basis for an in vivo imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Ivashkevich
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Biology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christophe E. Redon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roger F. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Biology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Biology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Paolino D, Cosco D, Cilurzo F, Trapasso E, Morittu VM, Celia C, Fresta M. Improved in vitro and in vivo collagen biosynthesis by asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles. J Control Release 2012; 162:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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“Onycholemmal Carcinoma.” An Unusual Case With Apocrine and Sebaceous Differentiation. Are These Tumors a Microcystic Nail Bed Carcinoma? Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34:549-52. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31823fd8e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xia L, Liu Q, Zhang W, Zhou G, Cao Y, Liu W. Enhanced proliferation and functions of in vitro expanded human hair follicle outer root sheath cells by low oxygen tension culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:603-13. [PMID: 22380865 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human hair follicle outer root sheath (hORS) cells are known to contain hair follicle stem cells and play an important role in healing large size wounds, and thus can serve as the cell source for skin engineering. This study investigated the effect of low oxygen tension culture on hORS cell proliferation potential and functional maintenance during in vitro expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spared postsurgery scalp tissues were donated by 15 patients aged 20-45 (13 men and 2 women) and were randomly divided into three groups, and isolated hORS cells were combined into three pooled cell samples. They were cultured either in 4% O(2) or 21% O(2) and were analyzed for cell proliferation, colony forming efficiency (CFE), and their ability in forming engineered skin in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that freshly isolated hORS cells expressed CD200 (22.88±8.76), cytokeratin 15 (CK15) (62.57±4.72), CD29 (22.53±2.49/strong and 29.80±4.09/dim), and CD49f (28.07±15.76/strong and 49.73±5.65/dim). When exposed in 4% O(2), hORS cells proliferated significantly faster than the cells in 21% O(2) for the first three passages (p<0.05), could better maintain cobblestone morphology, respectively, generate 3.63-folds more and 23.26-folds more cell yields after one and three passages. Additionally, enhanced CFE with significantly higher total and holoclone colony numbers were found in the 4% O(2) group than in the 21% O(2) group (p<0.05) for the first three passages along with better maintained CK15 expression. Furthermore, hORS cells expanded in 4% O(2) could form better epidermal structure of in vitro engineered skin comparing to the skin engineered by the control cells. CONCLUSION The low oxygen culture method of hORS cells is simple, low cost, less labor intensive, and less biosafety concern, which may potentially be applied in skin engineering and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, P R China
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Martínez-Santamaría L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Del Río M. Skin bioengineering: preclinical and clinical applications. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 103:5-11. [PMID: 22464599 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative Medicine is an emerging field that combines basic research and clinical observations in order to identify the elements required to replace damaged tissues and organs in vivo and to stimulate the body's intrinsic regenerative capacity. Great benefits are expected in this field as researchers take advantage of the potential regenerative properties of both embryonic and adult stem cells, and more recently, of induced pluripotent stem cells. Bioengineered skin emerged mainly in response to a critical need for early permanent coverage of extensive burns. Later this technology was also applied to the treatment of chronic ulcers. Our group has established a humanized mouse model of skin grafting that involves the use of bioengineered human skin in immunodeficient mice. This model is suitable for the study of physiologic and pathologic cutaneous processes and the evaluation of treatment strategies for skin diseases, including protocols for gene and cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez-Santamaría
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Investigación Básica, División de Biomedicina Epitelial, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Calcium-calmodulin signaling induced by epithelial cell differentiation upregulates BRAK/CXCL14 expression via the binding of SP1 to the BRAK promoter region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:217-22. [PMID: 22382027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 (BRAK) is expressed in normal squamous epithelium, but is not expressed or is expressed at negligible levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Malignant cells are known to be dedifferentiated compared with normal epithelial cells, suggesting a role for differentiation cues in the expression of BRAK. Thus, we examined the relationship between BRAK expression and stages of differentiation level in epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that BRAK protein was expressed in cells above the spinous cell layer in normal epithelia. In HSC-3 cells in culture, expression of BRAK mRNA was significantly upregulated by cell contact in a cell density-dependent manner, and mRNA expression of cell differentiation markers such as involucrin, cystatin-A, TGM1, TGM3, and TGM5 was concomitantly augmented. Furthermore, the upregulation of BRAK induced by cell contact was suppressed by chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin. We previously reported that GC boxes and a TATA-like sequence in the BRAK promoter region are associated with the expression of BRAK. Using a promoter assay and ChIP, we demonstrated that binding of the stimulating protein-1 (SP1) transcription factor to a GC box upstream of the BRAK transcription start site was necessary for cell density-dependent upregulation of BRAK. These results indicated that upregulation of BRAK was accompanied by differentiation of epithelial cells induced by calcium/calmodulin signaling, and that SP1 binding to the BRAK promoter region played an important role in this signaling.
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Martínez-Santamaría L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Del Río M. Bioingeniería cutánea: aplicaciones preclínicas y clínicas. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 103:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhao Z, Zhang C, Fu X, Yang R, Peng C, Gu T, Sui Z, Wang C, Liu C. Differentiated Epidermal Cells Regain the Ability to Regenerate a Skin Equivalent by Increasing the Level of �-Catenin in the Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:353-61. [DOI: 10.1159/000335474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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44
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Sun X, Fu X, Han W, Zhao Y, Liu H, Sheng Z. Dedifferentiation of human terminally differentiating keratinocytes into their precursor cells induced by basic fibroblast growth factor. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1037-45. [PMID: 21720010 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming differentiated cells toward stem cells may have long-term applications in stem-cell research and regenerative medicine. Here we report on the dedifferentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes into their precursor cells in vitro with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) but not external gene intervention. After incubation of human terminally differentiating keratinocytes, some of the surviving keratinocytes reverted from a differentiated to a dedifferentiated state, as evidenced by re-expression of biological markers of native keratinocyte stem cells (nKSCs), including β(1)-integrin, CK19 and CK14. Moreover, these dedifferentiation-derived KSCs (dKSCs) showed an ability for high colony formation correlated with cell cycle analysis showing a marked accumulation in S phases, acquired a similar regional distribution of both α(6)-integrin and CD71 expression at the ultrastructural level, and had a increased proliferative capacity by releasing telomerase from nucleolar sites to nucleoplasmic distribution. However, on comparing dKSCs with nKSCs, 2 points seem noteworthy: (1) the proportion of transit amplifying cells in dKSCs treated with bFGF is much higher than that in nKSCs and (2) regional differences exist in the subcellular localization of telomerase in nKSCs and dKSCs. Most nKSCs showed a prominent nucleolar concentration of human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, whereas most dKSCs showed a more diffuse intranuclear distribution of telomerase or even signal depletion at nucleoli relative to the general nucleoplasm. These results indicate that bFGF could induce the terminally differentiating epidermal keratinocytes to convert into their precursor cells, which offers a new approach for generating residual healthy stem cells for wound repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
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Reiisi S, Esmaeili F, Shirazi A. Isolation, culture and identification of epidermal stem cells from newborn mouse skin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 46:54-9. [PMID: 19915936 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, skin integrity is maintained by epidermal stem cells which self-renew and generate daughter cells that undergo terminal differentiation. Epidermal stem cells represent a promising source of stem cells, and their culture has great potential in scientific research and clinical application. However, no single method has been universally adopted for identifying and isolating epidermal stem cells. Here, we reported the isolation and characterization of putative epidermal stem cells from newborn mouse skin. The keratinocytes were separated enzymatically. Putative epidermal stem cells were selected by rapid adherence on a composite matrix made of type I collagen and fibronectin. Unattached cells were discarded after 10 min, and the attached cells were cultured in a defined culture medium. The isolated cells showed the typical epidermal stem cell morphology. Immunofluorescence indicated that the cells were strongly stained for β1 integrin family of extracellular matrix receptors. In conclusion, mouse putative epidermal stem cells were successfully isolated from newborn mouse epidermis on the basis of high rapid adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with mucinous metaplasia on the sole associated with high-risk human papillomavirus type 18. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 33:317-22. [PMID: 20847640 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3181ddc969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A case of superficially invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the sole containing numerous mucin-producing vacuolated cells resembling "signet-ring" cells is reported. The 2 cellular components of the tumor, both squamous and mucinous, were atypical with pleomorphic nuclei, and expressed the same immunophenotype, consistent in weak and focal positivity for cytokeratin 5/6 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and weak cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity for p16. Real-time PCR genotyping demonstrated the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18. We diagnose our case as "cutaneous SCC with mucinous metaplasia" and discuss the differential diagnoses with other skin tumors exhibiting mucin-containing cells, in particular with adenosquamous carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Although HPV 18 is not uncommon in cervico-vaginal pathology, where is often associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, its detection has been rarely reported in cutaneous SCC. In our case, the association of mucinous metaplasia and oncogenic high-risk HPV 18 in a cutaneous SCC may be of interest to the dermatopathologist. Further observations need to confirm whether the histopathologic finding of mucinous metaplasia in an atypical squamous cell proliferation could be a clue for investigating the presence of oncogenic high-risk HPV infection, with particular regard to HPV 18 subtype.
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Tan L, Sui X, Deng H, Ding M. Holoclone forming cells from pancreatic cancer cells enrich tumor initiating cells and represent a novel model for study of cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23383. [PMID: 21826251 PMCID: PMC3149653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the direct causes of cancer-related death. High level of chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. In recent years, cancer stem cells have been widely identified and indicated as the origin of chemoresistance in multi-types of solid tumors. Increasing evidences suggest that cancer stem cells reside in the cells capable of forming holoclones continuously. However, in pancreatic cancer, holoclone-forming cells have not been characterized yet. Therefore, the goal of our present study was to indentify the holoclone-forming pancreatic cancer stem cells and develop an in vitro continuous colony formation system, which will greatly facilitate the study of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 was submitted to monoclonal cultivation to generate colonies. Based on the morphologies, colonies were classified and analyzed for their capacities of secondary colony formation, long-term survival in vitro, tumor formation in vivo, and drug resistance. Flowcytometry and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to detect the expression level of cancer stem cells associated cell surface markers, regulatory genes and microRNAs in distinct types of colonies. Three types of colonies with distinct morphologies were identified and termed as holo-, mero-, and paraclones, in which only holoclones generated descendant colonies of all three types in further passages. Compared to mero- and paraclones, holoclones possessed higher capacities of long-term survival, tumor initiation, and chemoresistance. The preferential expression of cancer stem cells related marker (CXCR4), regulatory genes (BMI1, GLI1, and GLI2) and microRNAs (miR-214, miR-21, miR-221, miR-222 and miR-155) in holoclones were also highlighted. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that the pancreatic tumor-initiating cells with high level of chemoresistance were enriched in holoclones derived from BxPC3 cell line. Generation of holoclones can serve as a novel model for studying cancer stem cells, and attribute to developing new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Xue S, Li L. Upregulation of collagen type 1 in aged murine dermis after transplantation of dermal multipotent cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:775-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Bonthu N, Swanson BJ, Batra SK. Role of mucins in the skin during benign and malignant conditions. Cancer Lett 2010; 301:127-41. [PMID: 21146919 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin-related diseases comprise a major health challenge to the practicing physician, and constitute a significant psychological, social and financial burden to the society. Further, skin cancer, especially non-melanoma skin cancer is currently the leading type of malignancy in the Western world. Given the huge burden of skin diseases, there is growing emphasis on understanding their pathophysiology, and towards their early detection. Mucins are high-molecular weight O- and N-linked glycoproteins that have emerged in recent years as important molecules in maintaining health and in promoting or protecting against inflammation and cancer. They have also begun to emerge as highly specific diagnostic and prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets in several malignant disorders. However, their role in cutaneous pathologies has remained largely obscured. The present review provides the expression patterns and proposed role of mucins in the healthy skin and various benign and malignant skin diseases. The review has immense clinical significance as the availability of highly specific reagents including monoclonal antibodies against mucins makes them extremely attractive targets for specific diagnosis and/or immunotherapy of benign and malignant cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Han W, Chen M, Li M, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Yu L, Fu X. Acclimatized induction reveals the multipotency of adult human undifferentiated keratinocytes. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:283-94. [PMID: 20698770 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that several types of somatic stem cells have the remarkable capacity to differentiate into other types of tissues. However, the promise of keratinocyte stem cells seems slim for generating nonepidermal tissues. Using our recently developed acclimatization induction strategy, we demonstrate the multipotency of adult human undifferentiated keratinocytes (UKs). The UKs were isolated from the basal layer of adult human foreskin and cultured in Epilife medium, which allows for the growth of only keratin-positive keratinocytes, promotes high proliferation of UKs, and prevents their differentiation. Induction of the UKs by either serum or lineage-committed medium only produce differentiated epidermal cells. Hence, serum or lineage-committed medium was added to Epilife to acclimate UKs to differentiate to other cell types. Unexpectedly, serum acclimatization can induce UKs to produce a large number of smooth muscle cells and fewer of adipocytes and neurocytes within 3 weeks. In contrast, except for the terminally differentiated epidermal cells, committed acclimatization can induce UKs to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, myogenic, or neurogenic lineages. These data indicate that human UKs represent a novel multipotent adult stem cell, and suggest that they may provide an accessible, therapeutically promising cell source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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