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Tsai ET, Peng SY, Wu YR, Lin TC, Chen CY, Liu YH, Tseng YH, Hsiao YJ, Tseng HC, Lai WY, Lin YY, Yang YP, Chiou SH, Chen SP, Chien Y. HLA-Homozygous iPSC-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Rotenone-Induced Experimental Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy-like Models In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2023; 12:2617. [PMID: 37998352 PMCID: PMC10670753 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cell-based therapy, yet the sourcing, quality, and invasive methods of MSCs impede their mass production and quality control. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) can be infinitely expanded, providing advantages over conventional MSCs in terms of meeting unmet clinical demands. METHODS The potential of MSC therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) remains uncertain. In this study, we used HLA-homozygous induced pluripotent stem cells to generate iMSCs using a defined protocol, and we examined their therapeutic potential in rotenone-induced LHON-like models in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The iMSCs did not cause any tumorigenic incidence or inflammation-related lesions after intravitreal transplantation, and they remained viable for at least nine days in the mouse recipient's eyes. In addition, iMSCs exhibited significant efficacy in safeguarding retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in vitro, and they ameliorated CGL+IPL layer thinning and RGC loss in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and an electroretinogram demonstrated that iMSCs not only prevented RGC loss and impairments to the retinal architecture, but they also improved retinal electrophysiology performance. CONCLUSION The generation of iMSCs via the HLA homozygosity of iPSCs offers a compelling avenue for overcoming the current limitations of MSC-based therapies. The results underscore the potential of iMSCs when addressing retinal disorders, and they highlight their clinical significance, offering renewed hope for individuals affected by LHON and other inherited retinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Tung Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shih-Yuan Peng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - You-Ren Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chin Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
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Capelli C, Cuofano C, Pavoni C, Frigerio S, Lisini D, Nava S, Quaroni M, Colombo V, Galli F, Bezukladova S, Panina-Bordignon P, Gaipa G, Comoli P, Cossu G, Martino G, Biondi A, Introna M, Golay J. Potency assays and biomarkers for cell-based advanced therapy medicinal products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186224. [PMID: 37359560 PMCID: PMC10288881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) based on somatic cells expanded in vitro, with or without genetic modification, is a rapidly growing area of drug development, even more so following the marketing approval of several such products. ATMPs are produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in authorized laboratories. Potency assays are a fundamental aspect of the quality control of the end cell products and ideally could become useful biomarkers of efficacy in vivo. Here we summarize the state of the art with regard to potency assays used for the assessment of the quality of the major ATMPs used clinic settings. We also review the data available on biomarkers that may substitute more complex functional potency tests and predict the efficacy in vivo of these cell-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capelli
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carolina Cuofano
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavoni
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Simona Frigerio
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lisini
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Nava
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Quaroni
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Bezukladova
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huangfu H, Yang Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. 3D printed reduced graphene oxide-GelMA hybrid hydrogel scaffolds for potential neuralized bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1288-1301. [PMID: 36651822 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01979e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves participate in bone growth and repair by secreting neurotransmitters, and enable new bone to possess physiological bone-sensing capability. However, it is difficult to achieve synchronized nerve regeneration during the healing process of large bone defects at present. As a bioactive nanomaterial, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can promote neuronal differentiation and myelination of Schwann cells (SCs), while enhancing the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through its strong non-covalent binding ability. In this study, 3D printing-based rGO/GelMA hydrogels with enhanced osteogenic and neurogenic dual differentiation were used to simultaneously load SCs and BMSCs. By changing the concentration of rGO(0.03%/0.05%/0.1%), the compressive strength, rheological properties and aperture of the hydrogel can be improved. In vitro, cell live/death staining, phalloidin staining and SEM showed that cells loaded on the hydrogel had a high survival rate (85%) and good adhesion ability. In vivo, we found that the rGO/GelMA hydrogel exhibited the same low inflammatory response compared to the pure-GelMA group and the cell-only group, but surrounded by collagen fibers. Meanwhile, the osteogenic and neural proteins in the rGO/GelMA group were found to be highly expressed in immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In this study, a scaffold material containing double cells was used to promote synergistic regeneration of nerves and bone, providing a promising strategy for the preparation of personalized and functionalized biomimetic bone material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Huimin Huangfu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qiuyue Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Xue J, Liu Y. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell (MSC)-Based Vector Biomaterials for Clinical Tissue Engineering and Inflammation Research: A Narrative Mini Review. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:257-267. [PMID: 36713049 PMCID: PMC9875582 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s396064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have the ability of self-renewal, the potential of multipotent differentiation, and a strong paracrine capacity, which are mainly used in the field of clinical medicine including dentistry and orthopedics. Therefore, tissue engineering research using MSCs as seed cells is a current trending directions. However, the healing effect of direct cell transplantation is unstable, and the paracrine/autocrine effects of MSCs cannot be effectively elicited. Tumorigenicity and heterogeneity are also concerns. The combination of MSCs as seed cells and appropriate vector materials can form a stable cell growth environment, maximize the secretory features of stem cells, and improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of vector materials that facilitate the delivery of drugs and various secretory factors. There are numerous studies on tissue engineering and inflammation of various biomaterials, mainly involving bioceramics, alginate, chitosan, hydrogels, cell sheets, nanoparticles, and three-dimensional printing. The combination of bioceramics, hydrogels and cell sheets with stem cells has demonstrated good therapeutic effects in clinical applications. The application of alginate, chitosan, and nanoparticles in animal models has also shown good prospects for clinical applications. Three-dimensional printing technology can circumvent the shortage of biomaterials, greatly improve the properties of vector materials, and facilitate the transplantation of MSCs. The purpose of this narrative review is to briefly discuss the current use of MSC-based carrier biomaterials to provide a useful resource for future tissue engineering and inflammation research using stem cells as seed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshuai Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yang Liu, Department of General surgery, Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18560088317, Email
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Bono N, Saroglia G, Marcuzzo S, Giagnorio E, Lauria G, Rosini E, De Nardo L, Athanassiou A, Candiani G, Perotto G. Silk fibroin microgels as a platform for cell microencapsulation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 34:3. [PMID: 36586059 PMCID: PMC9805413 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation has been utilized for years as a means of cell shielding from the external environment while facilitating the transport of gases, general metabolites, and secretory bioactive molecules at once. In this light, hydrogels may support the structural integrity and functionality of encapsulated biologics whereas ensuring cell viability and function and releasing potential therapeutic factors once in situ. In this work, we describe a straightforward strategy to fabricate silk fibroin (SF) microgels (µgels) and encapsulate cells into them. SF µgels (size ≈ 200 µm) were obtained through ultrasonication-induced gelation of SF in a water-oil emulsion phase. A thorough physicochemical (SEM analysis, and FT-IR) and mechanical (microindentation tests) characterization of SF µgels were carried out to assess their nanostructure, porosity, and stiffness. SF µgels were used to encapsulate and culture L929 and primary myoblasts. Interestingly, SF µgels showed a selective release of relatively small proteins (e.g., VEGF, molecular weight, MW = 40 kDa) by the encapsulated primary myoblasts, while bigger (macro)molecules (MW = 160 kDa) were hampered to diffusing through the µgels. This article provided the groundwork to expand the use of SF hydrogels into a versatile platform for encapsulating relevant cells able to release paracrine factors potentially regulating tissue and/or organ functions, thus promoting their regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bono
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Saroglia
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcuzzo
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giagnorio
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perotto
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Qi H, Wang K, Li M, Zhang Y, Dong K, Heise S, Boccaccini AR, Lu T. Co-culture of BMSCs and HUVECs with simvastatin-loaded gelatin nanosphere/chitosan coating on Mg alloy for osteogenic differentiation and vasculogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2021-2028. [PMID: 34767883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mg alloys are increasingly being investigated as a versatile and economical alternative for developing bone repair implants because of their high mechanical strength, wide availability, adjustable structure and properties. In this study, magnesium alloy WE43 is coated on both sides with gelatin nanosphere/chitosan (GNs/CTS), a coating enhanced by incorporating simvastatin (SIM). SIM-loaded GNs/CTS coated magnesium alloy can promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are co-cultured through transwell systems. The release of SIM from the coating is found to increase the secretion of chemokine and angiogenic factors from BMSCs, which promote the migration and tube formation of HUVECs, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein secreted by HUVECs is seen to increase by the release of SIM from the coating, promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The secretion of chemokines from HUVECs promote the migration of BMSCs. The coated magnesium alloy substrate loaded with SIM is found to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The study of the paracrine interaction between BMSCs and HUVECs proves that the applied coating promotes both osteogenic differentiation and vascularization, thus demonstrating a new approach for the design of bone repair materials based on magnesium alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Qi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., 712046, Xi'an-Xianyang New Ecomic Zone, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China; Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Svenja Heise
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072 Xi'an, China.
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18F- based Quantification of the Osteogenic Potential of hMSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207692. [PMID: 33080871 PMCID: PMC7589629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, there is a constant need to design new methods for promoting in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Consequently, there is a strong demand for fast, effective and reliable methods to track and quantify osteogenesis in vitro. In this study, we used the radiopharmacon fluorine-18 (18F) to evaluate the amount of hydroxylapatite produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a monolayer cell culture in vitro. The hydroxylapatite bound tracer was evaluated using µ-positron emission tomography (µ-PET) scanning and activimeter analysis. It was therefore possible to determine the amount of synthesized mineral and thus to conclude the osteogenic potential of the cells. A Student's t-test revealed a highly significant difference regarding tracer uptake between the osteogenic group and the corresponding control group (µ-PET p = 0.043; activimeter analysis p = 0.012). This tracer uptake showed a highly significant correlation with the gold standard of quantitative Alizarin Red staining (ARS) (r2 = 0.86) as well as with the absolute calcium content detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (r2 = 0.81). The results showed that 18F labeling is a novel method to prove and quantify hydroxyapatite content in MSC monolayer cultures. The mineral layer remains intact for further analysis. This non-destructive in vitro method can be used to rapidly investigate bone tissue engineering strategies in terms of hydroxylapatite production, and could therefore accelerate the process of implementing new strategies in clinical practice.
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Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Amine-Functionalized Titanium Using Humidified Ammonia Supplied Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176085. [PMID: 32846976 PMCID: PMC7503675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface molecular chemistry, such as amine functionality, of biomaterials plays a crucial role in the osteogenic activity of relevant cells and tissues during hard tissue regeneration. Here, we examined the possibilities of creating amine functionalities on the surface of titanium by using the nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) method with humidified ammonia, and the effects on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) were investigated. Titanium samples were subjected to NTAPPJ treatments using nitrogen (N-P), air (A-P), or humidified ammonia (NA-P) as the plasma gas, while control (C-P) samples were not subjected to plasma treatment. After plasma exposure, all treatment groups showed increased hydrophilicity and had more attached cells than the C-P. Among the plasma-treated samples, the A-P and NA-P showed surface oxygen functionalities and exhibited greater cell proliferation than the C-P and N-P. The NA-P additionally showed surface amine-related functionalities and exhibited a higher level of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression than the other samples. The results can be explained by increases in fibronectin absorption and focal adhesion kinase gene expression on the NA-P samples. These findings suggest that NTAPPJ technology with humidified ammonia as a gas source has clinical potential for hard tissue generation.
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Thong FY, Mansor A, Ramalingam S, Yusof N. Does bone marrow aspirate help enhance the integration of gamma irradiated allograft bone? Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:107-117. [PMID: 31894432 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone allografts donated by other individuals offer a viable alternative to autograft. Risks of disease transmission are overcome by sterilizing the bone; unfortunately sterilization methods generally affect bone functional properties including osteogenic potential and biomechanical integrity. This study aimed to determine any enhancement effect when gamma sterilised allografts was impregnated with autologous bone marrow in improving the rate and quality of integration in metaphyseal-tibial defects of rabbits. Almost all subjects showed 50% of the defect being covered by new bones by the third week and smaller residual defect size in the treated group at the fifth week. Hounsfield units at the defect site showed increasing healing in all samples, with the treated group having an apparent advantage although insignificant (p > 0.05). In the histopathological score evaluating healing over cortical and cancellous bone at the fracture site showed only slight variations between the groups (p > 0.05). Therefore no enhanced healing by the autologous bone marrow was observed when added to the bone allografts in treating the unicortical defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Yuen Thong
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mansor
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Ramalingam
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norimah Yusof
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Li C, Wang Q, Gu X, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li T, Jin H, Deng G, Wang Q. Porous Se@SiO 2 nanocomposite promotes migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to accelerate bone fracture healing in a rat model. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3845-3860. [PMID: 31213805 PMCID: PMC6539174 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Delay or failure of bone union is a significant clinical challenge all over the world, and it has been reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) offer a promising approach to accelerate bone fracture healing. Se can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Se-treatment enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibiting the differentiation and formation of mature osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite on bone regeneration and the underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: We oxidized Se2- to develop Se quantum dots, then we used the Se quantum dots to form a solid Se@SiO2 nanocomposite which was then coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and etched in hot water to synthesize porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite. We used XRD pattern to assess the phase structure of the solid Se@SiO2 nanocomposite. The morphology of porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the biocompatibility of porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Then, a release assay was also performed. We used a Transwell assay to determine cell mobility in response to the porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite. For in vitro experiments, BMSCs were divided into four groups to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, gene activation and protein expression. For in vivo experiments, femur fracture model of rats was constructed to assess the osteogenic effects of porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite. Results: In vitro, intervention with porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite can promote migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and protect BMSCs against H2O2-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, we demonstrated that the porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite accelerated bone fracture healing using a rat femur fracture model. Conclusion: Porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite promotes migration and osteogenesis differentiation of rat BMSCs and accelerates bone fracture healing, and porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite may provide clinic benefit for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Kang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Taixi Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hansong Jin
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugen Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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11
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Chang Y, Cho B, Kim S, Kim J. Direct conversion of fibroblasts to osteoblasts as a novel strategy for bone regeneration in elderly individuals. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-8. [PMID: 31073120 PMCID: PMC6509166 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality caused by age-related bone fractures or osteoporosis is steadily increasing worldwide as the population ages. The pace of the development of bone regeneration engineering to treat bone fractures has consequently increased in recent years. A range of techniques for bone regeneration, such as immunotherapy, allografts, and hydrogel therapy, have been devised. Cell-based therapies using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells are considered to be suitable approaches for bone repair. However, these cell-based therapies suffer from a number of limitations in terms of efficiency and safety. Somatic cells can also be directly differentiated into osteoblasts by several transcription factors. As osteoblasts play a central role in the process of bone formation, the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into osteoblasts may hence be a new way to treat bone fractures in elderly individuals. Here, we review recent developments regarding the therapeutic potential of the direct reprogramming of cells for bone regeneration. Reprogramming cells that produce connective tissue to form bone instead could help prevent fractures in the elderly. Bones weaken with age, and fractures are a significant health risk in ageing populations. Most current bone regeneration treatments use stem cells, which can differentiate into any type of cell and have infinite capacity to divide; however, they are difficult to source and can lead to tumor formation. Jongpil Kim at Dongguk University in South Korea and coworkers have reviewed a new method that uses genetic signals to transform connective tissue-forming cells into bone-producing cells. The reprogrammed cells have been shown to generate new bone at the desired site, and because they have already lost their capacity for infinite division, tumor formation risk is greatly reduced. This method shows promise to expand treatment options for fractures and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounggook Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Mastrogiacomo M, Campi G, Cancedda R, Cedola A. Synchrotron radiation techniques boost the research in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:33-46. [PMID: 30880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Micro-tomography and Micro-diffraction, were exploited to investigate the structure of bone deposited in vivo within a porous ceramic scaffold. Bone formation was studied by implanting Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) seeded ceramic scaffolds in a mouse model. Osteoblasts derived from the seeded MSC and from differentiation of cells migrated within the scaffold together with the blood vessels, deposited within the scaffold pores an organic collagenous matrix on which a precursor mineral amorphous liquid-phase, containing Ca++ and PO4-- crystallized filling the gaps between the collagen molecules. Histology offered a valid instrument to investigate the engineered tissue structure, but, unfortunately, limited itself to a macroscopic analysis. The evolution of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques and the combination of micro X-ray diffraction with X-ray phase-contrast imaging enabled to study the dynamic of the structural and morphological changes occurring during the new bone deposition, biomineralization and vascularization. In fact, the unique features of Synchrotron radiation, is providing the high spatial resolution probe which is necessary for the study of complex materials presenting heterogeneity from micron-scale to meso- and nano-scale. Indeed, this is the occurrence in the heterogeneous and hierarchical bone tissue where an organic matter, such as the collagenous matrix, interacts with mineral nano-crystals to generate a hybrid multiscale biomaterial with unique physical properties. In this framework, the use of advanced synchrotron radiation techniques allowed to understand and to clarify fundamental aspects of the bone formation process within the bioceramic, i.e. biomineralization and vascularization, including to obtain deeper knowledge on bone deposition, mineralization and reabsorption in different health, aging and pathological conditions. In this review we present an overview of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation techniques and we provide a general outlook of their applications on bone Tissue Engineering, with a focus on our group work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synchrotron Radiation techniques for Tissue Engineering In this review we report recent applications of X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Microtomography and Microdiffraction, to investigations on the structure of ceramic scaffolds and bone tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering has made significant advances in bone regeneration by proposing the use of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with various types of scaffolds. The efficacy of the biomaterials used to date is not considered optimal in terms of resorbability and bone formation, resulting in a poor vascularization at the implant site. The review largely based on our publications in the last ten years could help the study of the regenerative model proposed. We also believe that the new imaging technologies we describe could be a starting point for the development of additional new techniques with the final aim of transferring them to the clinical practice.
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13
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González-Gil AB, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Muiños-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Abizanda G, Valdés-Fernández J, López-Martínez T, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Andreu I, Elizalde MR, Stuckensen K, Groll J, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Prósper F, Granero-Moltó F. Periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells in engineered implants promote fracture healing in a critical-size defect rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:742-752. [PMID: 30785671 DOI: 10.1002/term.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An attractive alternative to bone autografts is the use of autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs) in combination with biomaterials. We compared the therapeutic potential of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with biomaterials in a bone nonunion model. A critical-size defect was created in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into six groups, depending on the treatment to be applied: bone defect was left empty (CTL); treated with live bone allograft (LBA); hrBMP-2 in collagen scaffold (CSBMP2 ); acellular polycaprolactone scaffold (PCL group); PCL scaffold containing periosteum-derived MSCs (PCLPMSCs ) and PCL containing bone marrow-derived MSCs (PCLBMSCs ). To facilitate cell tracking, both MSCs and bone graft were isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats. CTL group did not show any signs of healing during the radiological follow-up (n = 6). In the LBA group, all the animals showed bone bridging (n = 6) whereas in the CSBMP2 group, four out of six animals demonstrated healing. In PCL and PCLPMSCs groups, a reduced number of animals showed radiological healing, whereas no healing was detected in the PCLBMSCs group. Using microcomputed tomography, the bone volume filling the defect was quantified, showing significant new bone formation in the LBA, CSBMP2 , and PCLPMSCs groups when compared with the CTL group. At 10 weeks, GFP positive cells were detected only in the LBA group and restricted to the outer cortical bone in close contact with the periosteum. Tracking of cellular implants demonstrated significant survival of the PMSCs when compared with BMSCs. In conclusion, PMSCs improve bone regeneration being suitable for mimetic autograft design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B González-Gil
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M Lamo-Espinosa
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Abizanda
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Valdés-Fernández
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tania López-Martínez
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Andreu
- TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María Reyes Elizalde
- TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain.,CEIT, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kai Stuckensen
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Wang L, Wu F, Liu C, Song Y, Guo J, Yang Y, Qiu Y. Low-level laser irradiation modulates the proliferation and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under healthy and inflammatory condition. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:169-178. [PMID: 30456535 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at different energy intensities on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under healthy and inflammatory microenvironments. Human BMSCs and BMSCs from inflammatory conditions (i-BMSCs, BMSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor α; TNF-α) were subject to LLLT (Nd:YAG;1064 nm) at different intensities. We designed one control group (without irradiation) and four testing groups (irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 J/cm2) for both BMSCs and i-BMSCs. Cell proliferation was measured using colony-forming unit fibroblast assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Osteogenic capacity of cells was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, Alizarin Red S staining and the mRNA transcript levels of genes runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, and osteocalcin. Moreover, the effects of LLLT on secretion of TNF-α in BMSCs and i-BMSCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results demonstrated LLLT could significantly promote BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis at densities of 2 and 4 J/cm2. LLLT at density of 8 J/cm2 could promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of i-BMSCs. However, LLLT at 16 J/cm2 significantly suppressed the proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs both in healthy and in inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, we also found that the expression of TNF-α was obviously inhibited by LLLT at 4, 8, and 16 J/cm2, in an inflammatory microenvironment. Considering these findings, LLLT could improve current in vitro methods of differentiating BMSCs under healthy and inflammatory microenvironments prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qili River District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Laparoscope Surgery, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of General Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Stomatology, The 323rd Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qili River District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qili River District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qili River District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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YekrangSafakar A, Acun A, Choi JW, Song E, Zorlutuna P, Park K. Hollow microcarriers for large-scale expansion of anchorage-dependent cells in a stirred bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1717-1728. [PMID: 29578573 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in biotechnology, mammalian cells are used in biopharmaceutical industries to produce valuable protein therapeutics and investigated as effective therapeutic agents to permanently degenerative diseases in cell based therapy. In these exciting and actively expanding fields, a reliable, efficient, and affordable platform to culture mammalian cells on a large scale is one of the most vital necessities. To produce and maintain a very large population of anchorage-dependent cells, a microcarrier-based stirred tank bioreactor is commonly used. In this approach, the cells are exposed to harmful hydrodynamic shear stress in the bioreactor and the mass transfer rates of nutrients and gases in the bioreactor are often kept below an optimal level to prevent cellular damages from the shear stress. In this paper, a hollow microcarrier (HMC) is presented as a novel solution to protect cells from shear stress in stirred bioreactors, while ensuring sufficient and uniform mass transfer rate of gases and nutrients. HMC is a hollow microsphere and cells are cultured on its inner surface to be protected, while openings on the HMC provide sufficient exchange of media inside the HMC. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the expansion of fibroblasts, NIH/3T3 and the expansion and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, along with detailed numerical analysis. We believe that the developed HMC can be a practical solution to enable large-scale expansion of shear-sensitive anchorage-dependent cells in an industrial scale with stirred bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan YekrangSafakar
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Aylin Acun
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jin-Woo Choi
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kidong Park
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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16
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Sekiya K, Nishimura M, Suehiro F, Nishimura H, Hamada T, Kato Y. Enhancement of Osteogenesis by Concanavalin a in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:708-15. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates concanavalin A (ConA) as a novel factor that may enhance osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Various factors, such as cytokine bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), have been studied for their possible promotion of MSC osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro. However, the factor that might be safer, more effective, and less expensive than these has not been determined. We therefore cultured human MSCs in osteogenic medium in the presence or absence of ConA, and used calcium assays to compare the effects of ConA and BMP-2 on MSC calcification. We also used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the expression levels of bone-specific markers. ConA and BMP-2 enhanced calcification with comparable effectiveness. The combination of ConA and BMP-2 further enhanced calcification slightly but significantly. ConA also increased osteocalcin and BMP-2 protein levels in MSC culture medium. Furthermore, ConA increased osteocalcin, RUNX2, BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-6 mRNA expression levels. However, the gene expression pattern of ConA-stimulated MSCs was different from that of MSCs stimulated by BMP-2. Together, these results suggest that ConA and BMP-2 enhance MSC osteogenesis via different pathways. ConA-induced bone formation in MSC cultures may be useful in regenerative medicine or tissue engineering in clinical studies, as well as in basic research on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sekiya
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
| | - M. Nishimura
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
| | - F. Suehiro
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
| | - H. Nishimura
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
| | - T. Hamada
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
| | - Y. Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima - Japan
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17
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Lin YH, Chen CY, Chou LY, Chen CH, Kang L, Wang CZ. Enhancement of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis and New Bone Formation in Rats by Obtusilactone A. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112422. [PMID: 29140298 PMCID: PMC5713390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural pure compound obtusilactone A (OA) was identified in Cinnamomum kotoense Kanehira & Sasaki, and shows effective anti-cancer activity. We studied the effect of OA on osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). OA possesses biocompatibility, stimulates Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity and facilitates mineralization of BMSCs. Expression of osteogenesis markers BMP2, Runx2, Collagen I, and Osteocalcin was enhanced in OA-treated BMSCs. An in vivo rat model with local administration of OA via needle implantation to bone marrow-residing BMSCs revealed that OA increased the new bone formation and trabecular bone volume in tibias. Micro-CT images and H&E staining showed more trabecular bone at the needle-implanted site in the OA group than the normal saline group. Thus, OA confers an osteoinductive effect on BMSCs via induction of osteogenic marker gene expression, such as BMP2 and Runx2 expression and subsequently elevates ALP activity and mineralization, followed by enhanced trabecular bone formation in rat tibias. Therefore, OA is a potential osteoinductive drug to stimulate new bone formation by BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Chou
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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18
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Morrison DA, Kop AM, Nilasaroya A, Sturm M, Shaw K, Honeybul S. Cranial reconstruction using allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: A phase 1 first-in-human trial. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:341-348. [PMID: 28488350 DOI: 10.1002/term.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cranioplasty is necessary for patients that have undergone craniectomy following trauma, stroke or other causes of elevated intracranial pressure. This study assessed the effectiveness of treating cranial defects with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on a ceramic carrier and polymer scaffold, to produce viable bone and healing of a cranial void. Patients underwent a baseline computed tomography (CT) scan for construct design. Two sets of interlocking moulds were three-dimensional printed to enable shaping of two polymer meshes, which formed the boundaries of the construct corresponding to restoration of the skull interna and externa. In vitro expanded donor MSC were seeded onto ceramic granules in a good manufacturing practices facility. The inner mesh was placed in theatre, followed by the cell-loaded granules, and the outer mesh. Patients were followed-up at 3, 6 and 12 months and cosmesis assessed visually, while bone formation was assessed by CT scans at 1 day, 3 months and 12 months. Manufacture of the construct and surgery was uneventful for all three patients. Initial cosmesis was excellent with no complications. New bone formation was demonstrated by analysis of CT data; however, bone resorption was noted in all 3 cases on the 12-month CT scan. The lack of rigidity of the construct in an environment with continuous pulsatile movement may be preventing the formation of solid bone. It is possible to produce a customized allogeneic MSC construct for cranial reconstruction to replace cranial bone with good cosmesis, using a combination of medical computer modelling, rapid-prototyping and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Anthony Morrison
- Department of Medical Engineering and Physics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan Matthew Kop
- Department of Medical Engineering and Physics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anastasia Nilasaroya
- Department of Medical Engineering and Physics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell & Tissue Therapies WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn Shaw
- Cell & Tissue Therapies WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Honeybul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Jin F, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Liu E, Fan J, Wang Y. Bre Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation by Promoting the Mdm2-Mediated Degradation of p53. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1760-1772. [PMID: 28436570 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bre is a conserved cellular protein expressed in various tissues. Its major function includes DNA damage repair and anti-apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that Bre is potentially involved in stem cell differentiation although pathophysiological significance along with the molecular mechanisms is still unclear. Here, we report that Bre protein was substantially expressed in the bone tissue and its expression was highly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation. To test a hypothesis that Bre plays functional roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation, we examined the expression of Bre in an osteoporosis mouse model. Compared with the normal bone tissue, Bre expression in osteoporotic bone was also significantly reduced. Moreover, knockdown of Bre in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal cells significantly reduced the expression of osteogenic marker genes, the alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mineralization capacity, while overexpression of Bre greatly promoted the osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, we founded that knockdown of Bre led to activation of the p53 signaling pathways exhibited by increased p53, p21, and Mdm2. However, when we inhibited the p53 by siRNA silencing or pifithrin-α, the impaired osteogenesis caused by Bre knockdown was greatly restored. Finally, we found that Bre promoted the Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation by physically interacting with p53. Taken together, our results revealed a novel function of Bre in osteoblast differentiation through modulating the stability of p53. Stem Cells 2017;35:1760-1772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Jin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Application of Allogenic Adipose-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Cat for Tibial Bone Pseudoarthrosis Therapy (Case Report). BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Angiogenic and Osteogenic Coupling Effects of Deferoxamine-Loaded Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Hydrogel is Superior to Fibrin Gel as Matrix of Stem Cells in Alleviating Antigen-Induced Arthritis. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050182. [PMID: 30979276 PMCID: PMC6431989 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been attempted to relieve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and reconstruct cartilage injury. However, treatment has been unsuccessful in complete prevention of persistent cartilage destruction and resulted in inferior outcomes of cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds are an important construct in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, but their role in arthritis treatment has not yet been fully examined. Here, we transplanted two types of scaffold-assisted BMMSCs: fibrin gel- and poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel-assisted BMMSCs referred as FGB and HGB groups, respectively, into subchondral defects for the treatment of antigen-induced arthritis. The administration of exogenous BMMSCs ameliorated joint swelling and decreased both joint surface temperature and inflammatory cytokine levels in both groups. Immune cell composition of the inflammation of surrounding synovium, protection of adjacent cartilage, and improved cartilage repair were also observed. Overall, the HGB group had a better therapeutic efficacy than the FGB group. In conclusion, local transplantation of BMMSCs in subchondral defects presents a novel approach in inducing RA remission and recovery of RA-induced cartilage injury. To induce these changes, the selection of scaffold for cell support is exceedingly important. Further studies are needed regarding the treatment options of subchondral defects in arthritis based on modified scaffold development, application of defined MSCs sources, combination of pharmacotherapeutics, and the addition of factors that inhibit the processes of RA remission, promote the recovery of RA-induced cartilage injury and the relationship between these factors.
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Kwon BJ, Lee MH, Koo MA, Kim MS, Seon GM, Han JJ, Park JC. Ethyl-2, 5-dihydroxybenzoate displays dual activity by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:335-41. [PMID: 26869515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts is essential for balanced bone remodeling. In this study, we evaluate the ability of ethyl-2, 5-dihyrdoxybenzoate (E-2, 5-DHB) to affect both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation for bone regeneration. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was quantified by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. To evaluate osteoclast differentiation, we investigated the effect of E-2, 5-DHB on RANKL-activated osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells. E-2, 5-DHB enhanced ALP activity and inhibited RAW 264.7 cell osteoclastogenesis in vitro. To assess the in vivo activity of E-2, 5-DHB, hMSCs were delivered subcutaneosuly alone or in combination with E-2, 5-DHB in an alginate gel into the backs of nude-mice. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation showed significantly higher calcium deposition in the E-2, 5-DHB group. Osteocalcin (OCN) was highly expressed in cells implanted in the gels containing E-2, 5-DHB. Our results suggest that E-2, 5-DHB can effectively enhance osteoblast differentiation and inhibit osteoclast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Understanding the dual function of E-2, 5-DHB on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation will aid in future development of E-2, 5-DHB as a material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ju Kwon
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lee
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ah Koo
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Mi Seon
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Han
- Cellsafe Ltd., 119 Ajou University Industry Cooperation Foundation, Suwon 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Park JH, Jung YE, Kim MJ, Hwang SJ. Periimplant bone regeneration in hydroxyapatite block grafts with mesenchymal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein-2. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:437-445. [PMID: 30603425 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) blocks as an alternative material for autogenous onlay bone grafts are regarded as an insufficient substitute for osseointegration of dental implant. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dog mesenchymal stromal cells (dMSCs) with or without bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP) on new peri-implant bone formation after HA block graft. In four mandibular bone defects (8×8×6 mm each) in five beagle dogs, dental implants were placed with HA block loaded with autogenous dMSCs with or without BMP-2. Animals were sacrificed at eight weeks, and bone healing was evaluated among four groups consisting of 1) HA alone as a control, 2) HA+dMSCs, 3) HA+BMP-2, and 4) HA+dMSCs+BMP-2. According to histomorphometric evaluation, the MSC+BMP-2 group and the BMP-2 group showed significantly higher bone-implant-contact (BIC) length than the MSC group, while there was no significant difference in new bone formation among the groups. According to micro-CT analysis, bone volume and bone mineral density were significantly higher in the MSC+BMP-2 group compared with the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). BIC was significantly higher in the MSC+BMP-2 group than both the control and MSC groups (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our results showed that bone regeneration at peri-implant bone defects grafted with HA blocks was significantly increased by dual delivery of MSCs and BMP-2. Conversely, HA blocks with MSC or BMP-2 alone did not allow for efficient peri-implant bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Park
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- 2Dental Research Institute, BK 21 Plus, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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25
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Corre P, Merceron C, Longis J, Khonsari R, Pilet P, thi TN, Battaglia S, Sourice S, Masson M, Sohier J, Espitalier F, Guicheux J, Weiss P. Direct comparison of current cell-based and cell-free approaches towards the repair of craniofacial bone defects - A preclinical study. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:306-17. [PMID: 26283163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For craniofacial bone defect repair, several alternatives to bone graft (BG) exist, including the combination of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterials with total bone marrow (TBM) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), or the use of growth factors like recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (RhBMP-2) and various scaffolds. Therefore, clinicians might be unsure as to which approach will offer their patients the most benefit. Here, we aimed to compare different clinically relevant bone tissue engineering methods in an "all-in-one" study in rat calvarial defects. TBM, and MSCs committed or not, and cultured in two- or three-dimensions were mixed with BCP and implanted in bilateral parietal bone defects in rats. RhBMP-2 and BG were used as positive controls. After 7 weeks, significant de novo bone formation was observed in rhBMP-2 and BG groups, and in a lesser amount, when BCP biomaterials were mixed with TBM or committed MSCs cultured in three-dimensions. Due to the efficacy and safety of the TBM/BCP combination approach, we recommend this one-step procedure for further clinical investigation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE For craniofacial repair, total bone marrow (BM) and BM mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based regenerative medicine have shown to be promising in alternative to bone grafting (BG). Therefore, clinicians might be unsure as to which approach will offer the most benefit. Here, BM and MSCs committed or not were mixed with calcium phosphate ceramics (CaP) and implanted in bone defects in rats. RhBMP-2 and BG were used as positive controls. After 7 weeks, significant bone formation was observed in rhBMP-2 and BG groups, and when CaP were mixed with BM or committed MSCs. Since the BM-based procedure does not require bone harvest or cell culture, but provides de novo bone formation, we recommend consideration of this strategy for craniofacial applications.
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26
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Lee TH, Kim WT, Ryu CJ, Jang YJ. Optimization of treatment with recombinant FGF-2 for proliferation and differentiation of human dental stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:298-305. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) is widely used to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. An expression and purification system for recombinant human FGF-2 in Escherichia coli was established for the purpose of securing a continuous supply of this protein. The purified recombinant FGF-2 significantly increased the population of human embryonic stem cells. The optimal concentrations of FGF-2 for cell proliferative induction in various adult stem cells including human dental pulp stem cells, full term human periodontal ligament stem cells, human gingival fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteogenic oseosarcoma were established in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with recombinant FGF-2 for 6 days before osteogenic induction, the mRNA expression of the bone markers was upregulated in cells originated from human dental pulp tissue, indicating that pretreatment with FGF-2 during culture increase stem cell/progenitor population and osteogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 29 Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Won-Tae Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 29 Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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27
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The Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Osteocyte Capacity to Modulate Dendritic Cell Functions Is Strictly Dependent on the Culture System. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:526195. [PMID: 26247040 PMCID: PMC4515297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/526195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into osteocytes (human differentiated osteogenic cells, hDOC) before implantation has been proposed to optimize bone regeneration. However, a deep characterization of the immunological properties of DOC, including their effect on dendritic cell (DC) function, is not available. DOC can be used either as cellular suspension (detached, Det-DOC) or as adherent cells implanted on scaffolds (adherent, Adh-DOC). By mimicking in vitro these two different routes of administration, we show that both Det-DOC and Adh-DOC can modulate DC functions. Specifically, the weak downregulation of CD80 and CD86 caused by Det-DOC on DC surface results in a weak modulation of DC functions, which indeed retain a high capacity to induce T-cell proliferation and to generate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Moreover, Det-DOC enhance the DC capacity to differentiate CD4+CD161+CD196+ Th17-cells by upregulating IL-6 secretion. Conversely, Adh-DOC strongly suppress DC functions by a profound downregulation of CD80 and CD86 on DC as well as by the inhibition of TGF-β production. In conclusion, we demonstrate that different types of DOC cell preparation may have a different impact on the modulation of the host immune system. This finding may have relevant implications for the design of cell-based tissue-engineering strategies.
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Boos AM, Weigand A, Deschler G, Gerber T, Arkudas A, Kneser U, Horch RE, Beier JP. Autologous serum improves bone formation in a primary stable silica-embedded nanohydroxyapatite bone substitute in combination with mesenchymal stem cells and rhBMP-2 in the sheep model. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5317-39. [PMID: 25429218 PMCID: PMC4242408 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are required for critical size bone defects, because the gold standard of transplanting autologous bone from an unharmed area of the body often leads to several severe side effects and disadvantages for the patient. For years, tissue engineering approaches have been seeking a stable, axially vascularized transplantable bone replacement suitable for transplantation into the recipient bed with pre-existing insufficient conditions. For this reason, the arteriovenous loop model was developed and various bone substitutes have been vascularized. However, it has not been possible thus far to engineer a primary stable and axially vascularized transplantable bone substitute. For that purpose, a primary stable silica-embedded nanohydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitute in combination with blood, bone marrow, expanded, or directly retransplanted mesenchymal stem cells, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and different carrier materials (fibrin, cell culture medium, autologous serum) was tested subcutaneously for 4 or 12 weeks in the sheep model. Autologous serum lead to an early matrix change during degradation of the bone substitute and formation of new bone tissue. The best results were achieved in the group combining mesenchymal stem cells expanded with 60 μg/mL rhBMP-2 in autologous serum. Better ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue could be detected in the autologous serum group compared with the control (fibrin). Osteoclastic activity indicating an active bone remodeling process was observed after 4 weeks, particularly in the group with autologous serum and after 12 weeks in every experimental group. This study clearly demonstrates the positive effects of autologous serum in combination with mesenchymal stem cells and rhBMP-2 on bone formation in a primary stable silica-embedded nano-HA bone grafting material in the sheep model. In further experiments, the results will be transferred to the sheep arteriovenous loop model in order to engineer an axially vascularized primary stable bone replacement in clinically relevant size for free transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gloria Deschler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerber
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Deegan AJ, Aydin HM, Hu B, Konduru S, Kuiper JH, Yang Y. A facile in vitro model to study rapid mineralization in bone tissues. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:136. [PMID: 25224355 PMCID: PMC4228101 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mineralization in bone tissue involves stepwise cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction. Regulation of osteoblast culture microenvironments can tailor osteoblast proliferation and mineralization rate, and the quality and/or quantity of the final calcified tissue. An in vitro model to investigate the influencing factors is highly required. Methods We developed a facile in vitro model in which an osteoblast cell line and aggregate culture (through the modification of culture well surfaces) were used to mimic intramembranous bone mineralization. The effect of culture environments including culture duration (up to 72 hours for rapid mineralization study) and aggregates size (monolayer culture as control) on mineralization rate and mineral quantity/quality were examined by osteogenic gene expression (PCR) and mineral markers (histological staining, SEM-EDX and micro-CT). Results Two size aggregates (on average, large aggregates were 745 μm and small 79 μm) were obtained by the facile technique with high yield. Cells in aggregate culture generated visible and quantifiable mineralized matrix within 24 hours, whereas cells in monolayer failed to do so by 72 hours. The gene expression of important ECM molecules for bone formation including collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin, varied temporally, differed between monolayer and aggregate cultures, and depended on aggregate size. Monolayer specimens stayed in a proliferation phase for the first 24 hours, and remained in matrix synthesis up to 72 hours; whereas the small aggregates were in the maturation phase for the first 24 and 48 hour cultures and then jumped to a mineralization phase at 72 hours. Large aggregates were in a mineralization phase at all these three time points and produced 36% larger bone nodules with a higher calcium content than those in the small aggregates after just 72 hours in culture. Conclusions This study confirms that aggregate culture is sufficient to induce rapid mineralization and that aggregate size determines the mineralization rate. Mineral content depended on aggregate size and culture duration. Thus, our culture system may provide a good model to study regulation factors at different development phases of the osteoblastic lineage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-925X-13-136) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
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30
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Shang W, Zhang X, Zhang M, Fan Z, Sun Y, Han M, Fan L. The uptake mechanism and biocompatibility of graphene quantum dots with human neural stem cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5799-806. [PMID: 24740121 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular imaging after transplantation may provide important information to determine the efficacy of stem cell therapy. We have reported that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a type of robust biological labeling agent for stem cells that demonstrate little cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined the interactions of GQDs on human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with the aim to investigate the uptake and biocompatibility of GQDs. We examined the mechanism of GQD uptake by hNSCs and investigated the effects of GQDs on the proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation potential of hNSCs. This information is critical to assess the suitability of GQDs for stem cell tracking. Our results indicated that GQDs were taken up into hNSCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via the endocytosis mechanism. Furthermore, no significant change was found in the viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation potential of hNSCs after treatment with GQDs. Thus, these data open a promising avenue for labeling stem cells with GQDs and also offer a potential opportunity to develop GQDs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihu Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Chan CW, Hussain I, Waugh DG, Lawrence J, Man HC. Effect of laser treatment on the attachment and viability of mesenchymal stem cell responses on shape memory NiTi alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:254-63. [PMID: 25063117 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of laser-induced surface features on the morphology, attachment and viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at different periods of time, and to evaluate the biocompatibility of different zones: laser-melted zone (MZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) in laser-treated NiTi alloy. The surface morphology and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The cell morphology was examined by SEM while the cell counting and viability measurements were done by hemocytometer and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. The results indicated that the laser-induced surface features, such as surface roughening, presence of anisotropic dendritic pattern and complete surface Ni oxidation were beneficial to improve the biocompatibility of NiTi as evidenced by the highest cell attachment (4 days of culture) and viability (7 days of culture) found in the MZ. The biocompatibility of the MZ was the best, followed by the BM with the HAZ being the worst. The defective and porous oxide layer as well as the coarse grained structure might attribute to the inferior cell attachment (4 days of culture) and viability (7 days of culture) on the HAZ compared with the BM which has similar surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Chan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - I Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TU, UK
| | - D G Waugh
- Laser Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - J Lawrence
- Laser Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - H C Man
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic diseases. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:306573. [PMID: 24876848 PMCID: PMC4021690 DOI: 10.1155/2014/306573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraordinary progress in understanding several key features of stem cells has been made in the last ten years, including definition of the niche, and identification of signals regulating mobilization and homing as well as partial understanding of the mechanisms controlling self-renewal, commitment, and differentiation. This progress produced invaluable tools for the development of rational cell therapy protocols that have yielded positive results in preclinical models of genetic and acquired diseases and, in several cases, have entered clinical experimentation with positive outcome. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin. They can be isolated from bone marrow and other tissues and have the capacity to extensively proliferate in vitro. Moreover, MSCs have also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory molecules which can modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. Considering their regenerative potential and immunoregulatory effect, MSC therapy is a promising tool in the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. It is obvious that much work remains to be done to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating development, homeostasis, and tissue repair and thus to provide new tools to implement the efficacy of cell therapy trials.
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Hofmann S, Hilbe M, Fajardo RJ, Hagenmüller H, Nuss K, Arras M, Müller R, von Rechenberg B, Kaplan DL, Merkle HP, Meinel L. Remodeling of tissue-engineered bone structures in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 85:119-29. [PMID: 23958323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Implant design for bone regeneration is expected to be optimized when implant structures resemble the anatomical situation of the defect site. We tested the validity of this hypothesis by exploring the feasibility of generating different in vitro engineered bone-like structures originating from porous silk fibroin scaffolds decorated with RGD sequences (SF-RGD), seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Scaffolds with small (106-212 μm), medium (212-300 μm), and large pore diameter ranges (300-425 μm) were seeded with hMSC and subsequently differentiated in vitro into bone-like tissue resembling initial scaffold geometries and featuring bone-like structures. Eight weeks after implantation into calvarial defects in mice, the in vitro engineered bone-like tissues had remodeled into bone featuring different proportions of woven/lamellar bone bridging the defects. Regardless of pore diameter, all implants integrated well, vascularization was advanced, and bone marrow ingrowth had started. Ultimately, in this defect model, the geometry of the in vitro generated tissue-engineered bone structure, trabecular- or plate-like, had no significant impact on the healing of the defect, owing to an efficient remodeling of its structure after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yu X, Wang L, Xia Z, Chen L, Jiang X, Rowe D, Wei M. Modulation of Host Osseointegration during Bone Regeneration by Controlling Exogenous Stem Cells Differentiation Using a Material Approach. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:242-251. [PMID: 24999385 PMCID: PMC4078879 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering for large bone defect healing has attracted enormous attention in regenerative medicine. However, sufficient osseointegration of the grafts combined with exogenous stem cells still remains a major challenge. Here we developed a material approach to modulate the integration of the grafts to the host tissue when exogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were used as donor cells. Distinctive osseointegration of bone grafts was observed as we varied the content of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the tissue scaffolds implanted in a mouse femur model. More than 80% of new bone was formed in the first two weeks of implantation in high HA content scaffold but lack of host integration while only less than 5% of the new bone was formed during this time period in the no HA group but with much stronger host integration. Cell origin analysis leveraging GFP reporter indicates new bone in HA containing groups was mainly derived from donor BMSCs. In comparison, both host and donor cells were found on new bone surface in the no HA groups which led to seamless bridging between host tissue and the scaffold. Most importantly, host integration during bone formation is closely dictated to the content of HA present in the scaffolds. Taken together, we demonstrate a material approach to modulate the osseointegration of bone grafts in the context of exogenous stem cell-based bone healing strategy which might lead to fully functional bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zengmin Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - David Rowe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Corre P, Merceron C, Vignes C, Sourice S, Masson M, Durand N, Espitalier F, Pilet P, Cordonnier T, Mercier J, Remy S, Anegon I, Weiss P, Guicheux J. Determining a clinically relevant strategy for bone tissue engineering: an "all-in-one" study in nude mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81599. [PMID: 24349093 PMCID: PMC3862877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autologous bone grafting (BG) remains the standard reconstruction strategy for large craniofacial defects. Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials, such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), do not yield consistent results when used alone and must then be combined with cells through bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this context, total bone marrow (TBM) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the primary sources of cellular material used with biomaterials. However, several other BTE strategies exist, including the use of growth factors, various scaffolds, and MSC isolated from different tissues. Thus, clinicians might be unsure as to which method offers patients the most benefit. For this reason, the aim of this study was to compare eight clinically relevant BTE methods in an “all-in-one” study. Methods We used a transgenic rat strain expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), from which BG, TBM, and MSC were harvested. Progenitor cells were then mixed with CaP materials and implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. After eight weeks, bone formation was evaluated by histology and scanning electron microscopy, and GFP-expressing cells were tracked with photon fluorescence microscopy. Results/Conclusions Bone formation was observed in only four groups. These included CaP materials mixed with BG or TBM, in which abundant de novo bone was formed, and BCP mixed with committed cells grown in two- and three-dimensions, which yielded limited bone formation. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that only the TBM and BG groups were positive for GFP expressing-cells, suggesting that these donor cells were still present in the host and contributed to the formation of bone. Since the TBM-based procedure does not require bone harvest or cell culture techniques, but provides abundant de novo bone formation, we recommend consideration of this strategy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Corre
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Clinique de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Merceron
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Vignes
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Sourice
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Martial Masson
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Durand
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Clinique d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Florent Espitalier
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Clinique d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Cordonnier
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Clinique de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Centre pour la recherche en transplantation et immunologie et Plate-forme Transgenic Rats Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Centre pour la recherche en transplantation et immunologie et Plate-forme Transgenic Rats Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 791, center for osteoarticular and dental tissue engineering, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4, Nantes, France
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Giannotti S, Trombi L, Bottai V, Ghilardi M, D'Alessandro D, Danti S, Dell'Osso G, Guido G, Petrini M. Use of autologous human mesenchymal stromal cell/fibrin clot constructs in upper limb non-unions: long-term assessment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73893. [PMID: 24023694 PMCID: PMC3758315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering appears to be an attractive alternative to the traditional approach in the treatment of fracture non-unions. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered an appealing cell source for clinical intervention. However, ex vivo cell expansion and differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage, together with the design of a suitable scaffold have yet to be optimized. Major concerns exist about the safety of MSC-based therapies, including possible abnormal overgrowth and potential cancer evolution. AIMS We examined the long-term efficacy and safety of ex vivo expanded bone marrow MSCs, embedded in autologous fibrin clots, for the healing of atrophic pseudarthrosis of the upper limb. Our research work relied on three main issues: use of an entirely autologous context (cells, serum for ex vivo cell culture, scaffold components), reduced ex vivo cell expansion, and short-term MSC osteoinduction before implantation. METHODS AND FINDINGS Bone marrow MSCs isolated from 8 patients were expanded ex vivo until passage 1 and short-term osteo-differentiated in autologous-based culture conditions. Tissue-engineered constructs designed to embed MSCs in autologous fibrin clots were locally implanted with bone grafts, calibrating their number on the extension of bone damage. Radiographic healing was evaluated with short- and long-term follow-ups (range averages: 6.7 and 76.0 months, respectively). All patients recovered limb function, with no evidence of tissue overgrowth or tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that highly autologous treatment can be effective and safe in the long-term healing of bone non-unions. This tissue engineering approach resulted in successful clinical and functional outcomes for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giannotti
- Dept. of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanna Bottai
- Dept. of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghilardi
- Dept. of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Delfo D'Alessandro
- Dept. of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Dept. of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dell'Osso
- Dept. of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Guido
- Dept. of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Viateau V, Manassero M, Sensébé L, Langonné A, Marchat D, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H, Bensidhoum M. Comparative study of the osteogenic ability of four different ceramic constructs in an ectopic large animal model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Viateau
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Mathieu Manassero
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Luc Sensébé
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - Alain Langonné
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - David Marchat
- CIS; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Hervé Petite
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
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Granchi D, Devescovi V, Pratelli L, Verri E, Magnani M, Donzelli O, Baldini N. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 in children with orthopedic diseases: potential role in predicting bone healing. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:249-56. [PMID: 22987719 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) plays an important role in the early phases of bone healing. In this study, we measured FGF-2 serum levels in 88 children undergoing surgical treatment for congenital (n = 49) or acquired (n = 39) orthopedic conditions, which were associated (n = 35) or not (n = 53) with bone lesions, to assess whether serum levels of FGF-2 varied according to the underlying disease and may predict clinical outcomes. FGF-2 serum levels were significantly lower in patients who did not heal after surgery (p = 0.008). Diagnostic accuracy was validated statistically, and the ROC curve provided a threshold value useful in discriminating good versus poor outcomes. The relationship between FGF-2 and bone healing was supported by in vitro experiments. A mineralization assay was performed on bone marrow stromal cells from three patients with congenital pseudarthrosis, who had low serum levels of FGF-2 and a poor clinical outcome after surgical treatment. Autologous serum alone was not sufficient to induce in vitro mineralization, but it did occur when cells were cultured with different sources of exogenous growth factors (GFs), including recombinant FGF-2 and homologous serum collected from children with fractures, high FGF-2 levels, and a good clinical outcome. In conclusion, our findings suggest that osteoinductive GFs are essential for bone repair, and that the amount of circulating FGF-2 may predict bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Granchi
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna 1/10, Bologna 40136, Italy.
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Bulgin D, Irha E, Hodzic E, Nemec B. Autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells combined with β-tricalcium phosphate and absorbable atelocollagen for a treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst of the humerus in child. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:343-53. [PMID: 22693044 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212451047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, locally destructive lesion of bone. Based on progressive cortical thinning pathological fractures are common, and are often the presenting feature. Despite the long experience of orthopaedists, radiologists and pathologists with aneurysmal bone cyst there is limited knowledge regarding the cause of the lesion and optimal treatment. Common methods of treatment vary considerably in the literature, particularly in children. A large variety of bone substitutes have been used to fill the cystic lesions. To date there has been no graft material which can be regarded as completely satisfactory. Our experience with freshly isolated autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells combined with β-tricalcium phosphate and absorbable atelocollagen for bone formation is presented. The concept of this treatment is based on stimulation of natural events continuously present in living bone appear to be a reasonable and beneficial alternative to promote healing of bone cysts and offering both osteoinduction and osteoconductive features.
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Regulation of the behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells by surface nanostructured titanium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 97:211-20. [PMID: 22609606 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the influence of surface nanostructured titanium substrates on the growth behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells. Surface nanostructures of titanium were produced with surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique. The morphologies of native titanium and surface nanostructured titanium substrates were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact-angle measurements, respectively. A thin nanostructured layer was formed onto the surfaces of titanium substrates after SMAT treatment. The effects of the surface nanostructured titanium substrates on the adhesion, spreading, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was examined at cellular and molecular levels in vitro. The results suggest that the surface nanostructured substrates were beneficial for the growth of MSCs, including adhesion, filament orientation, proliferation and gene expression. This approach for the fabrication of surface nanostructured titanium may be exploited in the development of high performance titanium-based implants.
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Lee PY, Chien Y, Chiou GY, Lin CH, Chiou CH, Tarng DC. Induced pluripotent stem cells without c-Myc attenuate acute kidney injury via downregulating the signaling of oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion rats. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2569-85. [PMID: 22507855 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x636902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have potential for multilineage differentiation and provide a resource for stem cell-based treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of iPS cells on acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. Given that the oncogene c-Myc may contribute to tumorigenesis by causing genomic instability, herein we evaluated the therapeutic effect of iPS cells without exogenously introduced c-Myc on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI. As compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated group, administration of iPS cells via intrarenal arterial route into kidneys improved the renal function and attenuated tubular injury score at 48 h after ischemia particularly at the dose of 5 × 10(5) iPS cells. However, a larger number of iPS cells (5 × 10(7) per rat) diminished the therapeutic effects for AKI and profoundly reduced renal perfusion detected by laser Doppler imaging in the reperfusion phase. In addition, the green fluorescence protein-positive iPS cells mobilized to the peritubular area at 48 h following ischemia, accompanied by a significant reduction in infiltration of macrophages and apoptosis of tubular cells, and a remarkable enhancement in endogenous tubular cell proliferation. Importantly, transplantation of iPS cells reduced the expression of oxidative substances, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors in I/R kidney tissues and eventually improved survival in rats of ischemic AKI. Six months after transplantation in I/R rats, engrafted iPS cells did not result in tumor formation in kidney and other organs. In summary, considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties of iPS cells without c-Myc, transplantation of such cells may be a treatment option for ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yu X, Wang L, Peng F, Jiang X, Xia Z, Huang J, Rowe D, Wei M. The effect of fresh bone marrow cells on reconstruction of mouse calvarial defect combined with calvarial osteoprogenitor cells and collagen-apatite scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:974-83. [PMID: 22473786 DOI: 10.1002/term.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fresh bone marrow cells have already exhibited its advantages as osteogenic donor cells, but the combination between fresh bone marrow cells and other donor cells utilized for bone healing has not been fully explored. To highlight the impact of fresh bone marrow cells on scaffold-based bone regeneration, single or a combination of calvarial osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were used as donor cells combined with collagen-apatite scaffold for calvarial defect healing. The host and donor contributions to bone formation were assessed using histological and GFP imaging analysis. Although the amount of new bone formed by different cell sources did not show significant differences, the origin of the bone formation in the defects mainly depended on the types of donor cells employed: when only calvarial OPCs were used as donor cells, a donor-derived bone healing instead of host-derived bone ingrowth was observed; when only fresh BMCs were loaded, the host bone could grow into the defect along the lamellar structure of the scaffolds, but the amount of new bone formed was significantly lower than the defect loaded with calvarial OPCs only. The combination of calvarial OPCs and fresh BMCs had similar amount of new bone formation as the group loaded with calvarial osteoprogenitors alone, but did not induce any host-derived bone formation. These results provide compelling evidence of the importance of fresh BMCs to induce host-implant integration in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Ferreira ML, Silva PC, Alvarez Silva LH, Bonfim DC, Conilho Macedo Müller LC, Espósito CC, Schanaider A. Heterologous mesenchymal stem cells successfully treat femoral pseudarthrosis in rats. J Transl Med 2012; 10:51. [PMID: 22429995 PMCID: PMC3334676 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effectiveness of treating pseudarthrosis in rats by using bone marrow cell suspensions or cultures of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells Methods Thirty-eight specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1, Control, without surgical intervention; Group 2 (Placebo), experimental model of femoral pseudarthrosis treated only with saline solution; Group 3, experimental model of femoral pseudarthrosis treated with heterologous bone marrow cells suspension; Group 4, experimental model of femoral pseudarthrosis treated with cultures of heterologous mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow. When pseudarthrosis was confirmed by simple radiological studies, digital radiography and histopathology after a 120-day postoperative period, Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated as above. At 30, 60 and 90 days after the treatment, all animals were evaluated by simple radiological studies, and at the end of the experiment, the animals were assessed by computed axial tomography and anatomopathological and histomorphometric examinations. Results Injected cells were detected in the areas affected by pseudarthrosis using scintigraphy within the first 24 hours after their administration. After 60 days, the animals of Group 3 showed callus formation while the animals of Group 4 presented periosteal reaction and had some consolidated areas. In contrast, Group 2 showed a predominance of fibro-osteoid tissue. After 90 days, bone consolidation and remodeling was observed in all animals from Group 3 whereas animals from Group 4 exhibited partial consolidation and those ones from Group 2 persisted with pseudarthrosis. Conclusion The treatment with heterologous bone marrow cells suspension proved to be effective in the treatment of pseudarthrosis whereas cultures of heterologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells did not show the same potential to aid bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Luiz Ferreira
- Post-graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Steinert AF, Rackwitz L, Gilbert F, Nöth U, Tuan RS. Concise review: the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for musculoskeletal regeneration: current status and perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012; 1:237-47. [PMID: 23197783 PMCID: PMC3659848 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies in the musculoskeletal system are based on the suitable application of cells, biomaterials, and/or factors. For an effective approach, numerous aspects have to be taken into consideration, including age, disease, target tissue, and several environmental factors. Significant research efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to develop specific cell-based therapies, and in particular adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells hold great promise for such regenerative strategies. Clinical translation of such therapies, however, remains a work in progress. In the clinical arena, autologous cells have been harvested, processed, and readministered according to protocols distinct for the target application. As outlined in this review, such applications range from simple single-step approaches, such as direct injection of unprocessed or concentrated blood or bone marrow aspirates, to fabrication of engineered constructs by seeding of natural or synthetic scaffolds with cells, which were released from autologous tissues and propagated under good manufacturing practice conditions (for example, autologous chondrocyte implantation). However, only relatively few of these cell-based approaches have entered the clinic, and none of these treatments has become a "standard of care" treatment for an orthopaedic disease to date. The multifaceted reasons for the current status from the medical, research, and regulatory perspectives are discussed here. In summary, this review presents the scientific background, current state, and implications of clinical mesenchymal stem cell application in the musculoskeletal system and provides perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F. Steinert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Rackwitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Scaglione S, Giannoni P, Bianchini P, Sandri M, Marotta R, Firpo G, Valbusa U, Tampieri A, Diaspro A, Bianco P, Quarto R. Order versus Disorder: in vivo bone formation within osteoconductive scaffolds. Sci Rep 2012; 2:274. [PMID: 22355786 PMCID: PMC3281274 DOI: 10.1038/srep00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern biomaterial design the generation of an environment mimicking some of the extracellular matrix features is envisaged to support molecular cross-talk between cells and scaffolds during tissue formation/remodeling. In bone substitutes chemical biomimesis has been particularly exploited; conversely, the relevance of pre-determined scaffold architecture for regenerated bone outputs is still unclear. Thus we aimed to demonstrate that a different organization of collagen fibers within newly formed bone under unloading conditions can be generated by differently architectured scaffolds. An ordered and confined geometry of hydroxyapatite foams concentrated collagen fibers within the pores, and triggered their self-assembly in a cholesteric-banded pattern, resulting in compact lamellar bone. Conversely, when progenitor cells were loaded onto nanofibrous collagen-based sponges, new collagen fibers were distributed in a nematic phase, resulting mostly in woven isotropic bone. Thus specific biomaterial design relevantly contributes to properly drive collagen fibers assembly to target bone regeneration.
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Yu X, Xia Z, Wang L, Peng F, Jiang X, Huang J, Rowe D, Wei M. Controlling the structural organization of regenerated bone by tailoring tissue engineering scaffold architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Scaglione S, Guarino V, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Ambrosio L, Quarto R. In vivo lamellar bone formation in fibre coated MgCHA-PCL-composite scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:117-128. [PMID: 22105223 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired materials with controlled topography have gained increasing interest in regenerative medicine, because of their ability to reproduce the physical features of natural extracellular matrix, thus amplifying certain biological responses both in vitro and in vivo, such as contact guidance and differentiation. However, information on the ability to adapt this high cell potential to 3D scaffolds, effective to be implanted in clinical bone defect, is still missing. Here, we examine the pattern of bone tissue generated within the implant in an ectopic model, seeding bone marrow progenitor cells onto PCL-MgCHA scaffolds. This composite material presented a porous structure with micro/nanostructured surfaces obtained by combining phase inversion/salt leaching and electrospinning techniques. Histological analysis of grafts harvested after 1-2-6 months from implantation highlights an extent of lamellar bone tissue within interconnected pores of fibre coated PCL-MgCHA composites, whereas uncoated scaffolds displayed sparse deposition of bone. Pure PCL scaffolds did not reveal any trace of bone for the overall 6 months of observation. In conclusion, we show that a structural modification in scaffold design is able to enhance bone regeneration possibly mimicking some physiological cues of the natural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scaglione
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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An osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic tissue-engineered product for trauma and orthopaedic surgery: how far are we? Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:236231. [PMID: 25098363 PMCID: PMC3205731 DOI: 10.1155/2012/236231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of large bone defects due to trauma, degenerative disease, congenital deformities, and tumor resection remains a complex issue for the orthopaedic reconstructive surgeons. The requirement is for an ideal bone replacement which is osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. Autologous bone grafts are still considered the gold standard for reconstruction of bone defects, but donor site morbidity and size limitations are major concern. The use of bioartificial bone tissues may help to overcome these problems. The reconstruction of large volume defects remains a challenge despite the success of reconstruction of small-to-moderate-sized bone defects using engineered bone tissues. The aim of this paper is to understand the principles of tissue engineering of bone and its clinical applications in reconstructive surgery.
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Janicki P, Schmidmaier G. What should be the characteristics of the ideal bone graft substitute? Combining scaffolds with growth factors and/or stem cells. Injury 2011; 42 Suppl 2:S77-81. [PMID: 21724186 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects or non-unions resulting from biochemical disorders, tumour resections or complicated fractures is still a challenge for orthopaedic and trauma surgery. On the one hand, autografts harbour most features of ideal bone graft substitutes but on the other hand, they have a lot insurmountable disadvantages. An ideal bone graft substitute should be biomechanically stable, able to degrade within an appropriate time frame, exhibit osteoconductive, osteogenic and osteoinductive properties and provide a favourable environment for invading blood vessels and bone forming cells. Whilst osteoconductivity of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering strategies can be directed by their composition, surface character and internal structure, osteoinductive and osteogenic features can be provided by growth factors originally participating in fracture healing and/or multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) capable of rebuilding bone and marrow structures. In this review, aspects of the clinical application of the most commonly used growth factors for bone repair, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and the potential use of human MSC for clinical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Janicki
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Keibl C, Fügl A, Zanoni G, Tangl S, Wolbank S, Redl H, van Griensven M. Human adipose derived stem cells reduce callus volume upon BMP-2 administration in bone regeneration. Injury 2011; 42:814-20. [PMID: 21457972 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demand for new therapeutic approaches to treat bone defects and fractures is increasing in trauma surgery and orthopaedics because the number of patients with degenerative diseases is continuously growing. "Tissue Engineering" offers promising new technologies that combine the three components - cells, growth factors and matrix. Efforts are targeted at improving and accelerating recovery, especially for long bone fractures, and reducing the risk of delayed bone healing or pseudoarthrosis. Adult human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) can differentiate into osteoblasts in an osteogenic surrounding. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) accelerates and initiates this differentiation. Fibrin, a matrix that promotes wound healing, is a promising carrier for ASCs and BMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a 2mm transcortical drill hole in the femur of male rats served as a small non-critical size defect model for fracture simulation. In vivo bone healing was investigated upon administration of the growth factor BMP-2 embedded with ASCs in a locally applied fibrin matrix. Groups with the components alone were also investigated. After 2 and 4 weeks, μCT and histology were performed to determine the bone and callus volume. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After only a short period of time (2 and 4 weeks), this animal model discloses comparative information about the osteogenetic potential and bone regeneration with little effort (no osteosynthesis necessary). The most significant result found in this model is that the combination of ASCs and BMP-2 in a fibrin matrix significantly reduces callus formation after 2 weeks compared to BMP-2 alone. BMP-2 alone significantly increased callus formation. ASCs embedded alone in the fibrin matrix did not lead to increased bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Transplantation of ASC modulated the callus induction by BMP-2 to a normal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Keibl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, Vienna, Austria.
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