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Sabatelle RC, Colson YL, Sachdeva U, Grinstaff MW. Drug Delivery Opportunities in Esophageal Cancer: Current Treatments and Future Prospects. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3103-3120. [PMID: 38888089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
With one of the highest mortality rates of all malignancies, the 5-year survival rate for esophageal cancer is under 20%. Depending on the stage and extent of the disease, the current standard of care treatment paradigm includes chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical esophagogastrectomy, with consideration for adjuvant immunotherapy for residual disease. This regimen has high morbidity, due to anatomic changes inherent in surgery, the acuity of surgical complications, and off-target effects of systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We begin with a review of current treatments, then discuss new and emerging targets for therapies and advanced drug delivery systems. Recent and ongoing preclinical and early clinical studies are evaluating traditional tumor targets (e.g., human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), as well as promising new targets such as Yes-associated protein 1 or mammalian target of rapamycin to develop new treatments for this disease. Due the function and location of the esophagus, opportunities also exist to pair these treatments with a drug delivery strategy to increase tumor targeting, bioavailability, and intratumor concentrations, with the two most common delivery platforms being stents and nanoparticles. Finally, early results with antibody drug conjugates and chimeric antigenic receptor T cells show promise as upcoming therapies. This review discusses these innovations in therapeutics and drug delivery in the context of their successes and failures, with the goal of identifying those solutions that demonstrate the most promise to shift the paradigm in treating this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Sabatelle
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Uma Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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2
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Nishizaki D, Eskander RN. Targeted Therapies, Biologics, and Immunotherapy in the Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Settings: Perioperative Risks. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:279-291. [PMID: 38401910 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics has been revolutionized by the introduction of molecularly targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The paradigm of neoadjuvant therapy is commonly employed across multiple solid tumors, exhibiting significant clinical benefit as exemplified with ICIs in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. However, neoadjuvant therapy can be associated with treatment-related adverse events. As the incorporation of these novel therapies in the preoperative space expands, it is crucial for surgical oncologists to understand the potential perioperative implications of these treatments. This article focuses on surgical considerations tied to these treatments, highlighting potential drug-surgery interactions and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishizaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ramez N Eskander
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Zha HL, Chen W, Shi W, Liao YY. Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiating Factor eIF4E Overcomes Abemaciclib Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:927-934. [PMID: 37752406 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant activating mutations in cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are common in various cancers, including gastroesophageal malignancies. Although CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as abemaciclib and palbociclib, have been approved for breast cancer treatment, their effectiveness as a monotherapy remains limited for gastroesophageal tumors. The present study explored the underlying mechanism of abemaciclib resistance. METHODS Abemaciclib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines were generated, and the phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (p-eIF4E) and eIF4E expression was compared between resistant and parental cell lines. In order to analyze the role of eIF4E in cell resistance, siRNA knockdown was employed. The effectiveness of ribavirin alone and its combination with abemaciclib was evaluated in the gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. RESULTS The upregulation of eIF4E was a common feature in gastric cancer cells exposed to prolonged abemaciclib treatment. Gastric cancer cells with increased eIF4E levels exhibited a better response to eIF4E inhibition, especially those that were resistant to abemaciclib. Ribavirin, which is an approved anti-viral drug, significantly improved the efficacy of abemaciclib, both in vitro and in vivo, by inhibiting eIF4E. Importantly, ribavirin effectively suppressed the abemaciclib-resistant gastric cancer growth in mice without causing toxicity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that targeting eIF4E can enhance the abemaciclib treatment for gastric cancer, proposing the potential combination therapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors with ribavirin for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Long Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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4
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Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Cayo A, Venturini W, Rebolledo-Mira D, Moore-Carrasco R, Herrada AA, Nova-Lamperti E, Valenzuela C, Brown NE. Palbociclib-Induced Cellular Senescence Is Modulated by the mTOR Complex 1 and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119284. [PMID: 37298236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not dividing, senescent cells acquire the ability to synthesize and secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules, a feature known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In addition, senescent cells often upregulate autophagy, a catalytic process that improves cell viability in stress-challenged cells. Notably, this "senescence-related autophagy" can provide free amino acids for the activation of mTORC1 and the synthesis of SASP components. However, little is known about the functional status of mTORC1 in models of senescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., Palbociclib), or the effects that the inhibition of mTORC1 or the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy have on senescence and the SASP. Herein, we examined the effects of mTORC1 inhibition, with or without concomitant autophagy inhibition, on Palbociclib-driven senescent AGS and MCF-7 cells. We also assessed the pro-tumorigenic effects of conditioned media from Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the inhibition of mTORC1, or with the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy. We found that Palbociclib-driven senescent cells display a partially reduced activity of mTORC1 accompanied by increased levels of autophagy. Interestingly, further mTORC1 inhibition exacerbated the senescent phenotype, a phenomenon that was reversed upon autophagy inhibition. Finally, the SASP varied upon inhibiting mTORC1, or upon the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy, generating diverse responses in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-senescent tumorigenic cells. Overall, variations in the SASP of Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the concomitant inhibition of mTORC1 seem to depend on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Academic Vice Rectory, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Danitza Rebolledo-Mira
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nelson E Brown
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Tang J, Zhong J, Yang Z, Su Q, Mo W. Glyoxalase 1 inhibitor BBGC suppresses the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and promotes the efficacy of Palbociclib. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 650:96-102. [PMID: 36774689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Despite recent tremen-dous progress in managing CLL, the disease remains incurable with clinical therapies, and relapse is inevitable. To overcome this, new diagnostic and prognostic markers need to be investigated. We thus screened through the public database for genes with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications in CLL. We further performed RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis to measure the candidate gene and protein expression levels, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results indicated that Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) expression was significantly higher in patients with CLL than in healthy controls. Furthermore, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assay results together indicated that S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (BBGC), an effective inhibitor of GLO1, suppresses the progression of CLL. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that GLO1 expression is closely associated with CDK4 expression in a wide variety of cancer types, and inhibition of CDK4 through silencing of genes or inhibitors can downregulate GLO1 expression. Subsequent validation experiments demonstrated that GLO1 protein levels were downregulated in MEC-1 and Jurkat cell lines after palbociclib exposure, and combination treatment of palbociclib with GLO1 inhibitor BBGC effectively delayed the growth of tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jialing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qisheng Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Wuning Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China.
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Watson NW, Shatzel JJ, Al-Samkari H. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor-associated thromboembolism: a critical evaluation of the current evidence. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:758-770. [PMID: 36696184 PMCID: PMC10065951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors are an essential treatment modality for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. As the rates of breast cancer continue to rise globally and the indications for CDK 4/6 inhibitors now extend beyond metastatic disease, more patients than ever are receiving these agents. Thrombosis is an emerging clinical concern with this class of agents, particularly venous thromboembolism. Although venous thromboembolism initially emerged as an adverse effect of interest in early trials, more recent studies have demonstrated even higher incidences of thrombosis in real-world clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the evidence to date that has informed the thrombosis risk for these agents both in clinical trials and real-world studies. We review data describing the venous and arterial thromboembolic risks in clinical trials of CDK 4/6 inhibitors as well as the now rather extensive real-world evidence available, including a comparison of risk for each of the 3 agents approved for use in breast cancer: palcociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib. As the role of prophylactic anticoagulation continues to remain unknown in women receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors, future efforts directed at carefully investigating the risks and benefits of thromboprophylaxis may lead to improved outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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8
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Feng M, Xu H, Zhou W, Pan Y. The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib in preclinical models of gastric carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:44. [PMID: 36755269 PMCID: PMC9909925 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer (GC) is a lethal malignancy, harboring recurrent alterations in cell cycle pathway, especially the CDKN2A-CDK4/CDK6/CCND1 axis. However, monotherapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors has shown limited antitumor effects for GC, and combination treatments were urgently needed for CDK4/6 inhibitors. METHODS Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis, including drug screening, pan-cancer genomic dependency analysis, and epigenetic sequencing to identify the candidate combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Mechanisms were investigated by bulk RNA-sequencing and experimental validation was conducted on diverse in vitro or in vivo preclinical GC models. RESULTS We found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib (ABE). Diverse in vitro and in vivo preclinical GC models are examined and synergistic benefits from the combination therapy are obtained consistently. Mechanistically, the combination of ABE and JQ1 enhances the cell cycle arrest of GC cells and induces unique characteristics of cellular senescence through the induction of DNA damage, which is revealed by transcriptomic profiling and further validated by substantial in vitro and in vivo GC models. CONCLUSION This study thus proposes a candidate combination therapy of ABE and JQ1 to improve the therapeutic efficacy and worth further investigation in clinical trials for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China.
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9
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Javed A, Yarmohammadi M, Korkmaz KS, Rubio-Tomás T. The Regulation of Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in the Development of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032848. [PMID: 36769170 PMCID: PMC9917736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer predominantly occurs in adenocarcinoma form and is characterized by uncontrolled growth and metastases of gastric epithelial cells. The growth of gastric cells is regulated by the action of several major cell cycle regulators including Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which act sequentially to modulate the life cycle of a living cell. It has been reported that inadequate or over-activity of these molecules leads to disturbances in cell cycle dynamics, which consequently results in gastric cancer development. Manny studies have reported the key roles of Cyclins and CDKs in the development and progression of the disease in either in vitro cell culture studies or in vivo models. We aimed to compile the evidence of molecules acting as regulators of both Cyclins and CDKs, i.e., upstream regulators either activating or inhibiting Cyclins and CDKs. The review entails an introduction to gastric cancer, along with an overview of the involvement of cell cycle regulation and focused on the regulation of various Cyclins and CDKs in gastric cancer. It can act as an extensive resource for developing new hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Javed
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (T.R.-T.)
| | - Mahdieh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 33817-74895, Iran
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (T.R.-T.)
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10
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Ooki A, Osumi H, Chin K, Watanabe M, Yamaguchi K. Potent molecular-targeted therapies for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359221138377. [PMID: 36872946 PMCID: PMC9978325 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a public health concern with a high mortality and disease burden worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a predominant histological subtype of EC that has unique etiology, molecular profiles, and clinicopathological features. Although systemic chemotherapy, including cytotoxic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, is the main therapeutic option for recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients, the clinical benefits are limited with poor prognosis. Personalized molecular-targeted therapies have been hampered due to the lack of robust treatment efficacy in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the molecular profiles of ESCC based on the findings of pivotal comprehensive molecular analyses, highlighting potent therapeutic targets for establishing future precision medicine for ESCC patients, with the most recent results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Osumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Bennett AN, Huang RX, He Q, Lee NP, Sung WK, Chan KHK. Drug repositioning for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:991842. [PMID: 36246638 PMCID: PMC9554346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a significant challenge globally, having the 8th highest incidence and 6th highest mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common form of EC in Asia. Crucially, more than 90% of EC cases in China are ESCC. The high mortality rate of EC is likely due to the limited number of effective therapeutic options. To increase patient survival, novel therapeutic strategies for EC patients must be devised. Unfortunately, the development of novel drugs also presents its own significant challenges as most novel drugs do not make it to market due to lack of efficacy or safety concerns. A more time and cost-effective strategy is to identify existing drugs, that have already been approved for treatment of other diseases, which can be repurposed to treat EC patients, with drug repositioning. This can be achieved by comparing the gene expression profiles of disease-states with the effect on gene-expression by a given drug. In our analysis, we used previously published microarray data and identified 167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using weighted key driver analysis, 39 key driver genes were then identified. These driver genes were then used in Overlap Analysis and Network Analysis in Pharmomics. By extracting drugs common to both analyses, 24 drugs are predicted to demonstrate therapeutic effect in EC patients. Several of which have already been shown to demonstrate a therapeutic effect in EC, most notably Doxorubicin, which is commonly used to treat EC patients, and Ixazomib, which was recently shown to induce apoptosis and supress growth of EC cell lines. Additionally, our analysis predicts multiple psychiatric drugs, including Venlafaxine, as repositioned drugs. This is in line with recent research which suggests that psychiatric drugs should be investigated for use in gastrointestinal cancers such as EC. Our study shows that a drug repositioning approach is a feasible strategy for identifying novel ESCC therapies and can also improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Bennett
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Xuan Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki P. Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Department of Computer Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kei Hang Katie Chan,
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12
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Weidenbaum C, Gibson MK. Approach to Localized Squamous Cell Cancer of the Esophagus. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1370-1387. [PMID: 36042147 PMCID: PMC9526684 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with an increasing incidence in recent decades. The majority of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. The 5-year survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poor, and there remains globally a pressing need for novel treatments that improve patient outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we discuss management of localized ESCC with an update on relevant newly published literature, including targeted therapy and novel biomarkers. The standard treatment approach for locally advanced, resectable ESCC is currently chemoradiation with or without surgery. Here we discuss different approaches to endoscopic resection, surgery, and radiation therapy. Although the typical chemotherapy regimen is a combination of a platinum with a fluoropyrimidine or paclitaxel, different regimens are being evaluated. With the landscape of immunotherapy rapidly evolving, at the forefront of new treatments for ESCC is immunotherapy and other targeted agents. Ultimately, the treatment approach should be individualized to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Weidenbaum
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael K Gibson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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13
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Witkiewicz AK, Kumarasamy V, Sanidas I, Knudsen ES. Cancer cell cycle dystopia: heterogeneity, plasticity, and therapy. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:711-725. [PMID: 35599231 PMCID: PMC9388619 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cell cycle has been extensively studied regarding cancer etiology, progression, and therapeutic intervention. The canonical cell cycle framework is supported by a plethora of data pointing to a relatively simple linear pathway in which mitogenic signals are integrated in a stepwise fashion to allow progression through G1/S with coordinate actions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)4/6 and CDK2 on the RB tumor suppressor. Recent work on adaptive mechanisms and intrinsic heterogeneous dependencies indicates that G1/S control of the cell cycle is a variable signaling pathway rather than an invariant engine that drives cell division. These alterations can limit the effectiveness of pharmaceutical agents but provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions. These findings support a dystopian view of the cell cycle in cancer where the canonical utopian cell cycle is often not observed. However, recognizing the extent of cell cycle heterogeneity likely creates new opportunities for precision therapeutic approaches specifically targeting these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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14
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Zhou J, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Goss L, McFarland J, Nagaraja A, Xie Y, Gu S, Peng K, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Long H, Nakagawa H, Rustgi A, Diehl JA, Meyerson M, Wong KK, Bass A. Pan-ERBB kinase inhibition augments CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2022; 71:665-675. [PMID: 33789967 PMCID: PMC8921580 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), like other squamous carcinomas, harbour highly recurrent cell cycle pathway alterations, especially hyperactivation of the CCND1/CDK4/6 axis, raising the potential for use of existing CDK4/6 inhibitors in these cancers. Although CDK4/6 inhibition has shown striking success when combined with endocrine therapy in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer, CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib monotherapy has not revealed evidence of efficacy to date in OSCC clinical studies. Herein, we sought to elucidate the identification of key dependencies in OSCC as a foundation for the selection of targets whose blockade could be combined with CDK4/6 inhibition. DESIGN We combined large-scale genomic dependency and pharmaceutical screening datasets with preclinical cell line models, to identified potential combination therapies in squamous cell cancer. RESULTS We identified sensitivity to inhibitors to the ERBB family of receptor kinases, results clearly extending beyond the previously described minority of tumours with EGFR amplification/dependence, specifically finding a subset of OSCCs with dual dependence on ERBB3 and ERBB2. Subsequently. we demonstrated marked efficacy of combined pan-ERBB and CDK4/6 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that squamous lineage transcription factor KLF5 facilitated activation of ERBBs in OSCC. CONCLUSION These results provide clear rationale for development of combined ERBB and CDK4/6 inhibition in these cancers and raises the potential for KLF5 expression as a candidate biomarker to guide the use of these agents. These data suggested that by combining existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents, we have the capacity to improve therapy for OSCC and other squamous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhouwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louisa Goss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James McFarland
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ankur Nagaraja
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shengqing Gu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Henry Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anil Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Bregni G, Beck B. Toward Targeted Therapies in Oesophageal Cancers: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1522. [PMID: 35326673 PMCID: PMC8946490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Oesophageal cancer occurs as squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EAC). Prognosis for patients with either ESCC or EAC is poor, with less than 20% of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. A major progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies against breast and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. However, precision oncology for patients with oesophageal cancer is still virtually non-existent. In this review, we outline the recent advances in oesophageal cancer profiling and clinical trials based on targeted therapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bregni
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Benjamin Beck
- Welbio and FNRS Investigator at IRIBHM, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Qin WJ, Su YG, Ding XL, Zhao R, Zhao ZJ, Wang YY. CDK4/6 inhibitor enhances the radiosensitization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by activating autophagy signaling via the suppression of mTOR. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1616-1627. [PMID: 35422963 PMCID: PMC8991149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of cyclin D-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The effect of palbociclib on ESCC cell radiosensitivity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assay. γH2AX immunofluorescent staining was used to assess the repair of DNA damage induced by radiation. The expression of DNA repair proteins were examined by western blotting. Subsequently, immunoblotting and autophagy inhibitors were used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of palbociclib triggered radiosensitization. Finally, the xenografts of ESCC were established to study the radiosensitizing effect of palbociclib in vivo. RESULTS Palbociclib combined with irradiation significantly inhibited the cell viability of ESCC in vitro. The expression level of γH2AX showed that radiation induced DNA damage repair was inhibited by palbociclib treatment. Palbociclib also suppressed the expression of RAD51 and phosphorylated DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (p-DNA-PKcs) after irradiation. Mechanically, palbociclib enhanced the radiosensitization of ESCC by activating autophagy via suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine could partially reverse the radiation enhancing effect of palbociclib. Lastly, the xenografted tumor experiment confirmed the radiosensitizing effect of palbociclib in ESCC in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results showed that palbociclib improved the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vivo and in vitro, and thus it may be a promising radiosensitization agent for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi-Ge Su
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ding
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
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17
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Maillard M, Louveau B, Vilquin P, Goldwirt L, Thomas F, Mourah S. Pharmacogenomics in solid cancers and hematologic malignancies: Improving personalized drug prescription. Therapie 2021; 77:171-183. [PMID: 34922740 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of molecular alterations involved in oncogenesis is evolving rapidly and has led to the development of new innovative targeted therapies in oncology. High-throughput sequencing techniques help to identify genomic targets and to provide predictive molecular biomarkers of response to guide alternative therapeutic strategies. Besides the emergence of these theranostic markers for the new targeted treatments, pharmacogenetic markers (corresponding to genetic variants existing in the constitutional DNA, i.e., the host genome) can help to optimize the use of chemotherapy. In this review, we present the current clinical applications of constitutional PG and the recent concepts and advances in pharmacogenomics, a rapidly evolving field that focuses on various molecular alterations identified on constitutional or somatic (tumor) genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Maillard
- Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, IUCT-Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France; Centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse CRCT, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Baptiste Louveau
- Inserm, UMR_S976, 75475 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Pharmacogenomics department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Paul Vilquin
- Inserm, UMR_S976, 75475 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Pharmacogenomics department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Goldwirt
- Inserm, UMR_S976, 75475 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Pharmacogenomics department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Thomas
- Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, IUCT-Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France; Centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse CRCT, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Inserm, UMR_S976, 75475 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Pharmacogenomics department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.
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18
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Sahgal P, Huffman BM, Patil DT, Chatila WK, Yaeger R, Cleary JM, Sethi NS. Early TP53 Alterations Shape Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5915. [PMID: 34885025 PMCID: PMC8657039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and esophageal (GE) adenocarcinomas are the third and sixth most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for greater than 1.25 million annual deaths. Despite the advancements in the multi-disciplinary treatment approaches, the prognosis for patients with GE adenocarcinomas remains poor, with a 5-year survival of 32% and 19%, respectively, mainly due to the late-stage diagnosis and aggressive nature of these cancers. Premalignant lesions characterized by atypical glandular proliferation, with neoplastic cells confined to the basement membrane, often precede malignant disease. We now appreciate that premalignant lesions also carry cancer-associated mutations, enabling disease progression in the right environmental context. A better understanding of the premalignant-to-malignant transition can help us diagnose, prevent, and treat GE adenocarcinoma. Here, we discuss the evidence suggesting that alterations in TP53 occur early in GE adenocarcinoma evolution, are selected for under environmental stressors, are responsible for shaping the genomic mechanisms for pathway dysregulation in cancer progression, and lead to potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a specific class of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Sahgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brandon M. Huffman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Deepa T. Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - James M. Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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19
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Davidson CD, Gillis NE, Carr FE. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta as Tumor Suppressor: Untapped Potential in Treatment and Diagnostics in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4254. [PMID: 34503062 PMCID: PMC8428233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the nuclear receptor TRβ, a member of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) family, is a tumor suppressor in thyroid, breast, and other solid tumors. Cell-based and animal studies reveal that the liganded TRβ induces apoptosis, reduces an aggressive phenotype, decreases stem cell populations, and slows tumor growth through modulation of a complex interplay of transcriptional networks. TRβ-driven tumor suppressive transcriptomic signatures include repression of known drivers of proliferation such as PI3K/Akt pathway, activation of novel signaling such as JAK1/STAT1, and metabolic reprogramming in both thyroid and breast cancers. The presence of TRβ is also correlated with a positive prognosis and response to therapeutics in BRCA+ and triple-negative breast cancers, respectively. Ligand activation of TRβ enhances sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. TRβ co-regulators and bromodomain-containing chromatin remodeling proteins are emergent therapeutic targets. This review considers TRβ as a potential biomolecular diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D. Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.D.D.); (N.E.G.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Noelle E. Gillis
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.D.D.); (N.E.G.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Frances E. Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.D.D.); (N.E.G.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
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20
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Estepa‐Fernández A, Alfonso M, Morellá‐Aucejo Á, García‐Fernández A, Lérida‐Viso A, Lozano‐Torres B, Galiana I, Soriano‐Teruel PM, Sancenón F, Orzáez M, Martínez‐Máñez R. Senolysis Reduces Senescence in Veins and Cancer Cell Migration. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Estepa‐Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María Alfonso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Ángela Morellá‐Aucejo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Alba García‐Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Araceli Lérida‐Viso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Beatriz Lozano‐Torres
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Irene Galiana
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | | | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez‐Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
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21
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Wu T, Wu L. The Role and Clinical Implications of the Retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655630. [PMID: 34136392 PMCID: PMC8201093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, with very high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a complex biological process mediated by abnormal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Although there have been some in-depth studies on gastric cancer at the molecular level, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. RB family proteins (including RB, p130, and p107) are involved in cell cycle regulation, a process that largely depends on members of the E2F gene family that encode transcriptional activators and repressors. In gastric cancer, inactivation of the RB-E2F pathway serves as a core transcriptional mechanism that drives cell cycle progression, and is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p53, Helicobacter pylori and some other upstream molecules. The E2F proteins are encoded by eight genes (i.e. E2F1 to E2F8), each of which may play a specific role in gastric cancer. Interestingly, a single E2F such as E2F1 can activate or repress transcription, and enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, depending on the cell environment. Thus, the function of the E2F transcription factor family is very complex and needs further exploration. Importantly, the presence of H. pylori in stomach mucosa may affect the RB and p53 tumor suppressor systems, thereby promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer. This review aims to summarize recent research progress on important roles of the complex RB-E2F signaling network in the development and effective treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizhao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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