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Yadav JP, Singh Y, Batra K, Khurana SK, Mahajan NK, Jindal N. Molecular detection of respiratory avian mycoplasmosis associated bacterial and viral concurrent infections in the poultry flocks. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1474-1482. [PMID: 35112639 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2032725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are of serious concern to the poultry industry. The present study was aimed to delineate the extent of respiratory avian mycoplasmosis associated bacterial and viral concurrent infections in the poultry flocks. A total of 146 poultry flocks of Haryana and Rajasthan, India, suspected for chronic respiratory disease (CRD) were screened for avian mycoplasmas, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. A total of 49.31% (72/146) flocks were found positive for Mycoplasma infection. Of the Mycoplasma-positive flocks, 80.55% (58/72) represented pathogenic avian mycoplasmas (MG and/or MS), while 19.44% (14/72) flocks were positive for commensal avian mycoplasmas (other than MG and MS). A correlation was deduced between avian mycoplasmosis and bacterial and/or viral co-infections. The results revealed that 17.24% (10/58) flocks had only avian mycoplasmosis infection. However, in the remaining flocks, the avian mycoplasmosis was associated either with APEC infection [17.24% (10/58)], IBV infection [43.10% (25/58)], or both APEC and IBV infections [22.41% (13/58)], respectively. Further epidemiological studies on respiratory avian mycoplasmosis associated concurrent infections with other pathogens are recommended to assess circulating strains, risk factors, and economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Yarvendra Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | | | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
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2
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Nguyen VG, Cao TBP, Le VT, Truong HT, Chu TTH, Dang HA, Nguyen TH, Le TL, Huynh TML. A Multiplex PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040272. [PMID: 37104427 PMCID: PMC10144794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, many fluorescence- and gel-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple infectious agents of respiratory disease in poultry. However, PCR assays are not available for other important emerging respiratory bacteria, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT). We aimed to fill this gap by establishing a new duplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and ORT. Multiplex primer design software was used to select the compatible multiplex primer pairs. It was determined that an annealing temperature of 65 °C and an initial concentration of 2.5 pmol/µL for each primer set were the most suitable conditions for multiplex PCR. The assay was confirmed to be specific, as it only detected the target pathogens, even in the presence of six non-target agents. The limit of detection was up to 103 copies/µL of template DNA for both ILTV and ORT. In the screening of 304 field samples, 23, 88, and 44 were positive for both ILTV and ORT, solely for ILTV, and solely ORT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Bich-Phuong Cao
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Truong Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha-Thai Truong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Thanh-Huong Chu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Anh Dang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Hoa Nguyen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Luyen Le
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-My-Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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3
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Cui H, Pan S, Xu X, Ji J, Ma K, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. Molecular characteristics of novel chaphamaparvovirus identified in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102449. [PMID: 36623336 PMCID: PMC9841274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken chaphamaparvovirus (CkChpV) is a novel parvovirus species that belongs to the Chaphamaparvovirus genus and is frequently detected in different vertebrates exhibiting diarrhea symptoms. In this study, screening tests were performed on samples from 478 chickens, including 357 with diarrhea and 121 healthy, collected from 25 farms in China to investigate CkChpV infection in China. CkChpV, avian nephritis virus, rotavirus, chicken parvovirus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, chicken proventricular necrosis virus, and chicken circovirus were all detected in the samples at a positivity rate of 32%, 9%, 6%, 2%, 2%, 1%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Statistical analyses suggested a correlation between the infection by the virus and diarrhea (P < 0.05). The genome of 9 strains from the CkChpV-positive samples, whose length was 4,432 nucleotides, have been completely sequenced. The strains shared 97.2 to 98.7% genomic similarity, 98.1 to 99.1%, and 98.2 to 99.2% amino acid similarity, respectively, for NS1 and VP1 compared with CkChpV strain RS/BR/15/2S in GenBank. The genetic relationship between these strains and CkChpV was established through phylogenetic analysis. These findings indicated the infection existence of CkChpV in China, which enriches our understanding of the diversity of the chaphamaparvoviruses and its host spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Shunshun Pan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China; Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang, Henan, 473006, PR China.
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Butt SL, Kariithi HM, Volkening JD, Taylor TL, Leyson C, Pantin-Jackwood M, Suarez DL, Stanton JB, Afonso CL. Comparable outcomes from long and short read random sequencing of total RNA for detection of pathogens in chicken respiratory samples. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1073919. [PMID: 36532355 PMCID: PMC9751482 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1073919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-infections of avian species with different RNA viruses and pathogenic bacteria are often misdiagnosed or incompletely characterized using targeted diagnostic methods, which could affect the accurate management of clinical disease. A non-targeted sequencing approach with rapid and precise characterization of pathogens should help respiratory disease management by providing a comprehensive view of the causes of disease. Long-read portable sequencers have significant potential advantages over established short-read sequencers due to portability, speed, and lower cost. The applicability of short reads random sequencing for direct detection of pathogens in clinical poultry samples has been previously demonstrated. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of long read random sequencing approaches to identify disease agents in clinical samples. Experimental oropharyngeal swab samples (n = 12) from chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus (AIV) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and field-collected clinical oropharyngeal swab samples (n = 11) from Kenyan live bird markets previously testing positive for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were randomly sequenced on the MinION platform and results validated by comparing to real time PCR and short read random sequencing in the Illumina MiSeq platform. In the swabs from experimental infections, each of three agents in every RT-qPCR-positive sample (Ct range 19-34) was detectable within 1 h on the MinION platform, except for AIV one agent in one sample (Ct = 36.21). Nine of 12 IBV-positive samples were assigned genotypes within 1 h, as were five of 11 AIV-positive samples. MinION relative abundances of the test agent (AIV, IBV and MS) were highly correlated with RT-qPCR Ct values (R range-0.82 to-0.98). In field-collected clinical swab samples, NDV (Ct range 12-37) was detected in all eleven samples within 1 h of MinION sequencing, with 10 of 11 samples accurately genotyped within 1 h. All NDV-positive field samples were found to be co-infected with one or more additional respiratory agents. These results demonstrate that MinION sequencing can provide rapid, and sensitive non-targeted detection and genetic characterization of co-existing respiratory pathogens in clinical samples with similar performance to the Illumina MiSeq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman L. Butt
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Tonya L. Taylor
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christina Leyson
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Yadav JP, Singh Y, Jindal N, Mahajan NK. Rapid and specific detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infection in poultry using single and duplex PCR assays. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106365. [PMID: 34774671 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian mycoplasmosis, mainly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), is an economically important disease of poultry industry. The present study was aimed to develop duplex PCR as a rapid, specific and economical method for accurate detection of MG and MS in poultry and its comparison with single (monoplex) MG/MS PCR. During present investigation, a total of 146 poultry flocks having clinical history of respiratory disease were screened. Pooled tissue samples (trachea, lungs and air sacs) from 4-5 birds of each flock were collected during necropsy at disease investigation laboratories, Hisar, Haryana, India. The single and duplex PCR assays were standardized using primers of intergenic spacer region (IGSR; 16S-23S rRNA) for MG and hemagglutinin vlhA gene for MS, with expected amplicon size of 812 bp and 1200 bp products, respectively. In single PCR, 6.85%, 2.74% and 2.74% tissue samples were found positive for MG, MS and both MG and MS, respectively. However, duplex PCR showed, 7.53%, 2.74% and 1.37% positivity for MG, MS and both MG and MS, respectively. Taking the results of monoplex PCR as a gold standard, sensitivity and specificity of the developed duplex PCR was found to be 94.44% and 100%, respectively. Moreover, Cohen's kappa statistic (k = 0.97) measured a 'perfect' agreement between monoplex and duplex PCR assays. The positive and negative predictive values of duplex PCR was found to be 1.0 and 0.9922, respectively at 95% confidence interval (CI), as compared to monoplex PCR. The simultaneous use of two genes in a duplex PCR was more rapid and economical than two separate single PCR reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Yarvendra Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India.
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
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Dwight IA, Coates PS, Stoute ST, Pitesky ME. Health surveillance of a potential bridge host: Pathogen exposure risks posed to avian populations augmented with captive-bred pheasants. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1095-1107. [PMID: 33711203 PMCID: PMC9290078 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Augmentation of wild populations with captive‐bred individuals presents an inherent risk of co‐introducing novel pathogens to naïve species, but it can be an important tool for supplementing small or declining populations. Game species used for human enterprise and recreation such as the ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) are commonly raised in captivity and released onto public and private wildlands as a method of augmenting naturalized pheasant populations. This study presents findings on pathogen exposure from three sources of serological data collected in California during 2014–2017 including (a) 71 pen‐reared pheasants sampled across seven game bird breeding farms, (b) six previously released pen‐reared pheasants captured at two study sites where wild pheasants occurred and (c) 79 wild pheasants captured across six study sites. In both pen‐reared and wild pheasants, antibodies were detected against haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV‐1) and Pasteurella multocida (PM). Previously released pen‐reared pheasants were seropositive for HEV, ILT, and PM. Generalized linear mixed models accounting for intraclass correlation within groups indicated that pen‐reared pheasants were more than twice as likely to test positive for HEV antibodies. Necropsy and ancillary diagnostics were performed in addition to serological testing on 40 pen‐reared pheasants sampled from five of the seven farms. Pheasants from three of these farms tested positive by PCR for Siadenovirus, the causative agent of both haemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys and marble spleen disease of pheasants, which are serologically indistinguishable. Following necropsy, owners from the five farms were surveyed regarding husbandry and biosecurity practices. Farms ranged in size from 10,000 to more than 100,000 birds, two farms raised other game bird species on premises, and two farms used some form of vaccination. Biosecurity practices varied by farm, but the largest farm implemented the strictest practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Dwight
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Coates
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Simone T Stoute
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California Davis, Turlock, CA, USA
| | - Maurice E Pitesky
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Extension, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Silva RL, Figueira AA, Silva MM, Dias TS, Machado LS, Soares NM, Nascimento ER, Pereira VLA. Detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae and Other Pathogens in Laying Hens with Respiratory Signs in the Rearing and Production Phases. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RL Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | | | - MM Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - TS Dias
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - LS Machado
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | | | - ER Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - VLA Pereira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
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Yang Z, Murata S, Fujisawa S, Takehara M, Katakura K, Hmoon MM, Win SY, Bawm S, Konnai S, Ohashi K. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:453. [PMID: 33228640 PMCID: PMC7685572 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar. RESULTS Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiro Murata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Fujisawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takehara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Katakura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Shwe Yee Win
- University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Saw Bawm
- University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wu X, Song Z, Zhai X, Zuo L, Mei X, Xiang R, Kang Z, Zhou L, Wang H. Simultaneous and visual detection of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus by multiple LAMP and lateral flow dipstick. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5401-5411. [PMID: 31265112 PMCID: PMC7107193 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are both important viruses seriously affecting poultry industry worldwide. In this study, reverse-transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) was combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) forming a novel detection tool which could simultaneously detect IBV and NDV visually. Primers targeted the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of IBV genome and the conserved region of NDV large polymerase gene (LP). The specificity and sensitivity of this multiple reverse transcription-LAMP-LFD (mRT-LAMP-LFD) assay were compared with those of conventional RT-PCR, nested RT-PCR (nRT-PCR), quantification RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and RT-LAMP monitored by electrophoresis. No non-specific amplifications were observed when the assays were tested with unrelated viruses. According to the sensitivity study, when detecting IBV or NDV alone, the lowest detection limits of mRT-LAMP-LFD were 100.8 IBV RNA copies/reaction and 100.7 NDV RNA copies/reaction. Furthermore, when detecting IBV and NDV simultaneously, the lowest detection limit was the same as that of the single detection assays. In the clinical sample study, mRT-LAMP-LFD performed the best among these assays. When tested with IBV or NDV single infected samples, the mean detection rates were 98.65% and 97.25%, respectively. In the IBV and NDV co-infected sample study, the mean detection rates of IBV and NDV were both 95%. This study showed that mRT-LAMP-LFD was a promising qualitative detection tool suitable for field single or multiple IBV and NDV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zengxu Song
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiwen Zhai
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueran Mei
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Kang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Circella E, Camarda A, Bano L, Marzano G, Lombardi R, D’Onghia F, Greco G. Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121034. [PMID: 31779284 PMCID: PMC6940729 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple summary Human activities, even those aimed at improving a natural area, can interfere with wildlife and their environment, potentially leading to some changes. In this paper, a botulism outbreak which occurred in waterfowls in a nature reserve after a conservative action is reported. In particular, an artificial pond was created in order to improve the environment of waterfowls, but gray mullets (Mugil cephalus) settled in the pond and proliferated. Fish mortality was observed during summer, leading to an accumulation of decaying organic material, thus creating the optimal conditions for Clostridium botulin growth and toxin production. In the same period, the botulism outbreak with flaccid paralysis and sudden mortality rapidly occurred in waterfowls. The toxin mosaic type C/D was identified as responsible for the disease outbreak. The outbreak rapidly resolved after the removal of the fish carcasses, highlighting the importance of a correct management for any action in natural contexts. In conclusion, before considering any activity in wildlife habitats, it is important to assess first its possible impact on wildlife. Abstract Any human activity, even if aimed at the improvement of a natural area, can potentially affect wildlife, leading to possible short-term or long-term changes due to the human–wildlife interaction. In this study, a botulism outbreak which occurred in waterfowl in a nature reserve after a conservative environmental action is reported. More than 180 different species of wild birds, including seventy waterfowl species, live in the area. The wildlife reserve rangers built an artificial pond equipped with draining canals in the wetland in order to improve the environment of waterfowl species and to facilitate their supply of food. Then, presumably due to tidal rides, gray mullets (Mugil cephalus) arrived from the sea and settled in the pond. The number of fishes gradually increased, and several fishes died with a peak of mortality in the summer of 2017, creating a great amount of decaying organic material and the optimal conditions for Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production. A botulism outbreak then occurred rapidly and was characterised by flaccid paralysis and sudden mortality of the birds. Seven mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), 4 common teals (Anas crecca), 1 garganey (Anas querquedula), 2 wood sandpipers (Tringa glareola), 1 little egret (Egretta garzetta), 1 little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), and 4 Eurasian coots (Fulica atra) were found dead. Interestingly, the toxin identified as responsible for the disease outbreak was the mosaic of type C and D toxins (C/D type). The prompt removal of the fish carcasses led to a rapid resolution of the outbreak of the disease, highlighting the relevance of a correct management for any action in environmental contexts. The conclusion is that any human activity in wildlife habitats should be carefully considered in order to assess the possible impacts and to quickly identify the possible risks of changes in wildlife population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano BA, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-080-467-9910
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano BA, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Luca Bano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Marzano
- Wildlife Nature Reserve “Torre Guaceto”, BR 72012 Carovigno, Italy;
| | - Roberto Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano BA, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesco D’Onghia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano BA, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano BA, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
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11
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, De la Torre D, Catroxo MH, Buim MR, Chacon RV, Ferreira CSA, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of avian nephritis virus from chickens showing enteric disorders. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3478-3488. [PMID: 30239960 PMCID: PMC6142861 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) is one of the diseases associated with many detected viruses. In Brazil, there were reports of several enteric disease outbreaks in chickens in which avian nephritis virus (ANV) was detected; however, the role of ANV in the outbreaks and whether the virus was a causative agent of these cases of enteric diseases were not determined. The aim of this study was to isolate ANV in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from the enteric contents of chickens showing signs of RSS. For this purpose, 22 samples of chicken enteric contents that were positive only for ANV were inoculated into 7 and 14-day-old SPF-CEE via the yolk sac route and incubated for 5 d, with a total of 3 passages. Virus isolation was confirmed by the presence of embryo injuries, detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR, and visualization of viral particles using electron microscopy. Therefore, the 7-day-old inoculated embryos showed dwarfism, gelatinous consistency, hemorrhage, and edema in the embryos, whereas the 14-day-old did not show any alteration. Viral RNA was detected in the embryos of both ages of inoculation, and the same viral particles were visualized. The embryos from the mock group showed no alteration and were negative for all the tests. The viral cDNA was sequenced, and the molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Brazilian isolates are more related with the ANV-1 serotype group; the sequences of these isolates showed a high percentage of nucleotide (86.4 to 94.9%) and amino acid (92.3 to 98.7%) similarity with other sequences from China, Japan, Australia, and the United States that belong to this serotype previously classified group. In this study, we isolated 8 samples of ANV in SPF-CEE from enteric content samples from chickens with RSS. In doing so, we showed the pathological injuries to the embryo caused by the virus and the molecular characterization of a part of the ORF 1b gene of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Marcia H Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil, and
| | - Ruy V Chacon
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Sun Z, Qin T, Meng F, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. Development of a multiplex probe combination-based one-step real-time reverse transcription-PCR for NA subtype typing of avian influenza virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13455. [PMID: 29044197 PMCID: PMC5647442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) subtypes have been identified in poultry and wild birds. Few methods are available for rapid and simple NA subtyping. Here we developed a multiplex probe combination-based one-step real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) to detect nine avian influenza virus NA subtypes. Nine primer-probe pairs were assigned to three groups based on the different fluorescent dyes of the probes (FAM, HEX, or Texas Red). Each probe detected only one NA subtype, without cross reactivity. The detection limit was less than 100 EID50 or 100 copies of cDNA per reaction. Data obtained using this method with allantoic fluid samples isolated from live bird markets and H9N2-infected chickens correlated well with data obtained using virus isolation and sequencing, but was more sensitive. This new method provides a specific and sensitive alternative to conventional NA-subtyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Feifei Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China. .,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
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Li M, Xie Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Xie L, Deng X, Luo S, Fan Q, Huang L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Zeng T, Feng J. Simultaneous detection of four different neuraminidase types of avian influenza A H5 viruses by multiplex reverse transcription PCR using a GeXP analyser. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:141-9. [PMID: 26677838 PMCID: PMC4746555 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In order to develop a multiplex RT‐PCR assay using the GeXP analyser for the simultaneous detection of four different NA serotypes of H5‐subtype AIVs, effective to control and reduce H5 subtype of avian influenza outbreak. Design Six pairs of primers were designed using conserved and specific sequences of the AIV subtypes H5, N1, N2, N6 and N8 in GenBank. Each gene‐specific primer was fused at the 5′ end to a universal sequence to generate six pairs of chimeric primers, and one pair of universal primers was used for RT‐PCR, and PCR product separation and detection were performed by capillary electrophoresis using the GenomeLab GeXP genetic analysis system. Setting Single and mixed avian pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were employed to evaluate the specificity of a multiplex assay with a GeXP analyser. Corresponding specific DNA products were amplified for each gene, revealing amplification peaks for M, H5, N1, N2, N6 and N8 genes from four different NA subtypes of influenza A H5 virus. Sample A total of 180 cloacal swabs were collected from poultry at live bird markets. Main outcome measures The multiplex PCR assay demonstrated excellent specificity, with each pair of specific primers generating only products corresponding to the target genes and without cross‐amplification with other NA‐subtype influenza viruses or other avian pathogens. Using various premixed ssRNAs containing known AIV target genes, the detection limit for the multiplex assay was determined to be 102 copies/μl. The GeXP assay was further evaluated using 180 clinical specimens and compared with RRT‐PCR (real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR) and virus isolation. Conclusions This GeXP analyser‐based multiplex assay for four different NA subtypes of H5 HPAI viruses is both highly specific and sensitive and can be used as a rapid and direct diagnostic assay for testing clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxun Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Guimarães MB, Hurtado R, Bello CP, Vanstreels RET, Ferreira AJP. SURVEILLANCE FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS, AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM IN WILD BIRDS NEAR COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS SURROUNDED BY ATLANTIC RAINFOREST REMNANTS, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Mettifogo E, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation and molecular characterisation of chicken parvovirus from Brazilian flocks with enteric disorders. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:39-47. [PMID: 25633520 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.981797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The presence of parvovirus in chickens with enteric disease was investigated in commercial flocks in Brazil. 2. The intestinal contents of chickens exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, weight loss or mortality were examined, and chicken parvovirus (chPV) was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The samples were sequenced and inoculated into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs to isolate the virus. 3. Necropsies showed that the embryos were dwarfish, haemorrhagic and oedematous. The presence of chPV was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. 4. The molecular characterisation of chPV strains circulating in the Brazilian flocks showed that they were genetically related to sequences from North America, Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the Brazilian chPV sequences with those from Europe (Croatia, Hungary) and Asia (South Korea). 5. This study is the first report of the molecular characterisation of chPV circulating in the commercial flocks in Brazil and indicates high genetic similarity with chPV sequences from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine (FMVZ) , University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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16
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Zhang YF, Xie ZX, Xie LJ, Deng XW, Xie ZQ, Luo SS, Huang L, Huang JL, Zeng TT. GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:247. [PMID: 26518004 PMCID: PMC4628294 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5, H7, and H9; duck hepatitis virus (DHV); duck tembusu virus (DTMUV); egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV); duck enteritis virus (DEV); Newcastle disease virus (NDV); duck circovirus (DuCV); muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV); and muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV). These pathogens cause great economic losses to China’s duck breeding industry. Result A rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput GeXP-based multiplex PCR assay consisting of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis separation was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect these eleven viral pathogens. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Corresponding specific DNA products were amplified from each pathogen. Other pathogens, including duck Escherichia coli, duck Salmonella, duck Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, infectious bronchitis virus, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, did not result in amplification products. The detection limit of GeXP was 103copies when all twelve pre-mixed plasmids containing the target genes of eleven types of duck viruses were present. To further evaluate the reliability of GeXP, 150 clinical field samples were evaluated. Comparison with the results of conventional PCR methods for the field samples, the GeXP-multiplex PCR method was more sensitive and accurate. Conclusion This GeXP-based multiplex PCR method can be utilized for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples as an effective tool to prevent and control duck viruses with similar clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li-Ji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Xian-Wen Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Qin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Si-Si Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Jiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
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Simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:9-15. [PMID: 26259690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyser-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of eight reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine. The reproductive and respiratory pathogens include North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-NA), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), swine influenza virus (SIV) (including H1 and H3 subtypes), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Nine pairs of specific chimeric primers were designed and used to initiate PCRs, and one pair of universal primers was used for subsequent PCR cycles. The specificity of the GeXP assay was examined using positive controls for each virus. The sensitivity was evaluated using serial ten-fold dilutions of in vitro-transcribed RNA from all of the RNA viruses and plasmids from DNA viruses. The GeXP assay was further evaluated using 114 clinical specimens and was compared with real-time PCR/single RT-PCR methods. The specificity of the GeXP assay for each pathogen was examined using single cDNA/DNA template. Specific amplification peaks of the reproductive and respiratory pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyser. The minimum copies per reaction detected for each virus by the GeXP assay were as follows: 1000 copies/μl for PRV; 100 copies/μl for CSFV, JEV, PCV-2 and PPV; and 10 copies/μl for SIV-H1, SIV-H3 and PRRSV-NA. Analysis of 114 clinical samples using the GeXP assay demonstrated that the GeXP assay had comparable detection to real-time PCR/single RT-PCR. This study demonstrated that the GeXP assay is a new method with high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of these swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens. The GeXP assay may be adopted for molecular epidemiological surveys of these reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine populations.
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18
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Mettifogo E, Catroxo MHB, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs. Poult Sci 2015; 94:947-54. [PMID: 25805833 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. Here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. The CEE were inoculated via the yolk sac route. Viral confirmation was carried out using PCR techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammonium molybdate. The intestinal contents were screened for CAstV, and differential diagnostic testing was performed for avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, avian reovirus, chicken parvovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and fowl adenovirus Group I to detect co-infection with other infectious agents. Seven- or 14-day-old CEEs presented with hemorrhages, edema, a gelatinous aspect, deformities, and dwarfism. The supporting membranes did not show any alterations. Here, we have described the isolation of CAstV and its pathological characteristics in SPF CEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Mettifogo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena B Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, InstitutoBiológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Xie Z, Luo S, Xie L, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Fan Q, Khan MI. Simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:188-95. [PMID: 25025815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new, rapid, and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. The respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Haemophilus paragallinarum (HPG). Ten pairs of primers were designed using conserved and specific sequence genes of AIV subtypes and respiratory pathogens from GenBank. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. The corresponding specific DNA products were amplified for each pathogen. The specific DNA product amplification peaks of nine respiratory pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyzer. Non-respiratory avian pathogens, including chicken infectious anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus, did not produce DNA products. The detection limit for the GeXP-multiplex assay was determined to be 100 copies/μl using various pre-mixed plasmids/ssRNAs containing known target genes of the respiratory pathogens. Further, GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100% specific when 24 clinical samples with respiratory infections were tested in comparison with conventional PCR method. The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay provides a novel tool for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yaoshan Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Mazhar I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
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Mansour SMG, ElBakrey RM, Ali H, Knudsen DEB, Eid AAM. Natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Egypt. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:319-24. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.926002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India. Virusdisease 2014; 25:345-9. [PMID: 25674602 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the existence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in India was first reported in 1964, no reports are available regarding its molecular detection and characterization. The present study was aimed to detect and characterize ILTV from recent respiratory disease complex (RDC) outbreaks of commercial poultry flocks in different parts of the country by using envelope glycoprotein G gene (US4 gene) based PCR and sequencing. A total of thirty two flocks with a history of RDC were investigated. Overall, all the strains/breeds of birds and all ages of birds are equally susceptible and depending on the severity, the clinical signs and gross lesions were varied. Out of 32 flocks investigated 10 were found positive for ILTV infection by PCR. The phylogenetic analyses of eight representative sequences in the present study deciphered that Indian ILT viruses are closely related to chicken embryo origin vaccine strains of Italy, USA, China and Brazil.
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22
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Detection of avian influenza virus and newcastle disease virus by duplex one step RT PCR. Open Life Sci 2013; 8:520-526. [PMID: 32215119 PMCID: PMC7089125 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease Virus (NDV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, and Influenza virus, from the Orthomyxoviridae family, are two main avian pathogens that cause serious economic problems in poultry farming. NDV strains are classified into three major pathotypes: velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic. Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are also divided into: low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) strains. Both viruses are enveloped, single stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses which give similar symptoms ranging from sub-clinical infections to severe disease, including loss in egg production, acute respiratory syndrome, and high mortality, depending on their level of pathogenicity. This similarity hinders diagnosis when based solely on clinical and post mortem examination. Most of the currently available molecular detection methods are also pathogenspecific, so that more than one RT-PCR is then required to confirm or exclude the presence of both pathogens. To overcome this disadvantage, we have applied a One Step Duplex RT-PCR method to distinguish between those two pathogens. The main objective of the project was to develop a universal, fast, and inexpensive method which could be used in any veterinary laboratory.
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Multiplex nested RT-PCR for detecting avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. J Virol Methods 2012; 188:41-6. [PMID: 23261801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multiplex nested RT-PCR (mnRT-PCR) was applied to simultaneous detect multiplex PCR with the higher sensitivity of nested PCR that is required for avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus using two steps of amplification. For the first PCR, primers that were specific for each virus were newly designed from the nucleoprotein gene of AIV, the nucleocapsid protein gene of IBV and the fusion protein gene of NDV to amplify products of 665, 386 and 236 nucleotides, respectively. The multiplex PCR step provides mass amplification using common primers, which increased markedly the sensitivity of the test. Non-specific reactions were not observed when other viruses and bacteria were used for evaluating the mnRT-PCR. As a field application, 172 samples were tested by RT-PCR and mnRT-PCR. Among these samples, the concordance rates for mnRT-PCR and the single conventional RT-PCR showed 98.9% (kappa=0.98) and 98.8% (kappa=0.96) similarity for IBV and AIV, respectively. As a result, it is recommended the multiplex nested PCR as an effective tool for detecting and studying the molecular epidemiology of various mixed infections of one or more of these viruses in poultry.
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24
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Han Z, Zhao F, Shao Y, Liu X, Kong X, Song Y, Liu S. Fine level epitope mapping and conservation analysis of two novel linear B-cell epitopes of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. Virus Res 2012; 171:54-64. [PMID: 23123213 PMCID: PMC7114416 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) may play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral RNA. The N protein can also induce high titers of cross-reactive antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, which protects chickens from acute infection. In this study, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated as 6D10 and 4F10, which were directed against the N protein of IBV using the whole viral particles as immunogens. Both of the mAbs do not cross react with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and subtype H9 avian influenza virus (AIV). After screening a phage display peptide library and peptide scanning, we identified two linear B-cell epitopes that were recognized by the mAbs 6D10 and 4F10, which corresponded to the amino acid sequences (242)FGPRTK(247) and (195)DLIARAAKI(203), respectively, in the IBV N protein. Alignments of amino acid sequences from a large number of IBV isolates indicated that the two epitopes, especially (242)FGPRTK(247), were well conserved among IBV strains. This conclusion was further confirmed by the relationships of 18 heterologous sequences to the 2 mAbs. The novel mAbs and the epitopes identified will be useful for developing diagnostic assays for IBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ou SC, Giambrone JJ. Infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens. World J Virol 2012; 1:142-9. [PMID: 24175219 PMCID: PMC3782274 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i5.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an important respiratory disease of chickens and annually causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry world-wide. ILT virus (ILTV) belongs to alphaherpesvirinae and the Gallid herpesvirus 1 species. The transmission of ILTV is via respiratory and ocular routes. Clinical and post-mortem signs of ILT can be separated into two forms according to its virulence. The characteristic of the severe form is bloody mucus in the trachea with high mortality. The mild form causes nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and reduced weight gain and egg production. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were developed to detect ILTV samples from natural or experimentally infected birds. The PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) can separate ILTVs into several genetic groups. These groups can separate vaccine from wild type field viruses. Vaccination is a common method to prevent ILT. However, field isolates and vaccine viruses can establish latent infected carriers. According to PCR-RFLP results, virulent field ILTVs can be derived from modified-live vaccines. Therefore, modified-live vaccine reversion provides a source for ILT outbreaks on chicken farms. Two recently licensed commercial recombinant ILT vaccines are also in use. Other recombinant and gene-deficient vaccine candidates are in the developmental stages. They offer additional hope for the control of this disease. However, in ILT endemic regions, improved biosecurity and management practices are critical for improved ILT control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chia Ou
- Shan-Chia Ou, Joseph J Giambrone, Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
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26
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Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in experimentally infected chickens. Arch Virol 2012; 158:659-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Engström B, Jansson DS, Lindblad J. Successful control of infectious laryngotracheitis on a multiage laying hen farm. Vet Rec 2011; 169:313. [PMID: 21881021 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Engström
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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McMenamy MJ, McKillen J, Hjertner B, Kiss I, Yacoub A, Leijon M, Duffy C, Belák S, Welsh M, Allan G. Development and comparison of a Primer-Probe Energy Transfer based assay and a 5' conjugated Minor Groove Binder assay for sensitive real-time PCR detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:149-55. [PMID: 21539859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the design and development of two real-time PCR assays for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA is described. A Primer-Probe Energy Transfer (PriProET) assay and 5' conjugated Minor Groove Binder (MGB) method are compared and contrasted. Both have been designed to target the thymidine kinase gene of the ILTV genome. Both PriProET and MGB assays are capable of detecting 20 copies of a DNA standard per reaction and are linear from 2×10(8) to 2×10(2)copies/μl. Neither PriProET, nor MGB reacted with heterologous herpesviruses, indicating a high specificity of the two methods as novel tools for virus detection and identification. This study demonstrates the suitability of PriProET and 5' conjugated MGB probes as real-time PCR chemistries for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases caused by ILTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McMenamy
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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29
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Chacón JL, Brandão PE, Buim M, Villarreal L, Ferreira AJP. Detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and molecular characterization of subtype B avian metapneumovirus isolated in Brazil. Avian Pathol 2010; 36:383-7. [PMID: 17899462 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701589142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Subtype B avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) was isolated and detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Brazilian commercial laying chicken flocks with no history of vaccination against aMPV and presenting respiratory signs and decreased egg production. RT-PCR results from samples from three affected flocks revealed that the three isolates were subtype B. Partial sequence analysis of the G glycoprotein gene confirmed that the samples belonged to subtype B and were not of the vaccine type. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G gene of the three Brazilian aMPV samples with subtype B isolates from other countries revealed 95.1% to 96.1% identity. Nucleotide sequences showed 100% identity among the Brazilian subtype B samples and 95.6% identity with the subtype B vaccine strain used in Brazil. This work describes the circulation of subtype B aMPV in Brazil and discusses its importance in terms of disease epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Chacón
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Sprygin AV, Andreychuk DB, Kolotilov AN, Volkov MS, Runina IA, Mudrak NS, Borisov AV, Irza VN, Drygin VV, Perevozchikova NA. Development of a duplex real-time TaqMan PCR assay with an internal control for the detection ofMycoplasma gallisepticumandMycoplasma synoviaein clinical samples from commercial and backyard poultry. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:99-109. [DOI: 10.1080/03079451003604621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Yu D, Han Z, Xu J, Shao Y, Li H, Kong X, Liu S. A Novel B-Cell Epitope of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus N Protein. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:189-99. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Kong
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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32
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Corney B, Diallo I, Wright L, De Jong A, Hewitson G, Tolosa M, Rodwell B, Ossedryver S, Pritchard L, Boyle D. Detection and quantitation ofgallid herpesvirus1 in avian samples by 5′Taqnuclease assay utilizing Minor Groove Binder technology. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:47-52. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450903473582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.G. Corney
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - I.S. Diallo
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - L.L. Wright
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - A.J. De Jong
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - G.R. Hewitson
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - M.X. Tolosa
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - B.J. Rodwell
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - S.M. Ossedryver
- a Animal Research Institute, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries , Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka , Queensland , 4105 , Australia
| | - L.I. Pritchard
- b CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory , PO Bag 24, Geelong , Victoria , 3220 , Australia
| | - D.B. Boyle
- b CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory , PO Bag 24, Geelong , Victoria , 3220 , Australia
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33
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Rashid S, Naeem K, Ahmed Z, Saddique N, Abbas MA, Malik SA. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of avian influenza viruses and other poultry respiratory pathogens. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2526-31. [PMID: 19903950 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320
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34
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Upadhyay C, Ammayappan A, Vakharia VN. Detection of NP, N3 and N7 antibodies to avian influenza virus by indirect ELISA using yeast-expressed antigens. Virol J 2009; 6:158. [PMID: 19811655 PMCID: PMC2763870 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, possess distinct combinations of hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N) surface glycoproteins. Typing of both H and N antigens is essential for the epidemiological and surveillance studies. Therefore, it is important to find a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for their assay, and ELISA can be useful for this purpose, by using recombinant proteins. RESULTS The nucleoprotein (NP) and truncated neuraminidase subtype 3 and 7 of avian influenza virus (AIV) were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody detection. The developed assays were evaluated with a panel of 64 chicken serum samples. The performance of NP-ELISA was compared with the commercially available ProFlok AIV ELISA kit. The results showed comparable agreement and sensitivity between the two tests, indicating that NP-ELISA assay can be used for screening the influenza type A antibody in AIV infected birds. The N3 and N7- ELISAs also reacted specifically to their type specific sera and did not exhibit any cross-reaction with heterologous neuraminidase subtype specific sera. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the expression of the NP, N3, and N7 proteins of AIV in yeast (S. cerevisiae) and their application in developing an indirect ELISA for detecting NP, N3 and N7 antibodies from AIV-infected chicken sera. The described indirect ELISAs are rapid, sensitive, specific and can be used as promising tests during serological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Upadhyay
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-3101, USA.
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35
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Chaharaein B, Omar AR, Aini I, Yusoff K, Hassan SS. Detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Res 2009; 164:174-9. [PMID: 17336046 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Subtype-specific multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed to simultaneously detect three subtypes (H5, H7 and H9) of avian influenza virus (AIV) type A. The sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR was evaluated and compared to that of RT-PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and conventional RT-PCR. While the sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR is as sensitive as the conventional RT-PCR, it is 10 times less sensitive than RT-PCR-ELISA. The multiplex RT-PCR is also as sensitive as the virus isolation method in detecting H9N2 from tracheal samples collected at day 3 and 5 post inoculation. Hence, the developed multiplex RT-PCR assay is a rapid, sensitive and specific assay for detecting of AIV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chaharaein
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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36
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Assunção P, de Ponte Machado M, De la Fe C, Ramírez AS, Rosales RS, Antunes NT, Poveda C, Poveda JB. Prevalence of Pathogens in Great White Pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) from the Western Cape, South Africa. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2007.9706841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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37
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Farkas T, Antal M, Sámi L, Germán P, Kecskeméti S, Kardos G, Belák S, Kiss I. Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses by Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:38-43. [PMID: 17359445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A duplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dRT-PCR) assay has been developed for the simultaneous, rapid and specific detection/discrimination of avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Primers targeting the matrix protein gene (M) of AIV and the fusion protein gene (F) of NDV were evaluated experimentally with 13 AIV and 19 NDV strains. PCR products of the expected size of 144 bp and 316 bp were amplified from AIV/NDV samples, respectively, while no cross-reaction was observed with negative controls or with 16 other avian pathogens. The endpoint of detection was defined as approximately 10(+0.5) 50% egg infectious dose (EID(50))/0.2 ml for AIV and 10(+2.2) EID(50)/0.2 ml for NDV. The assay was able to detect AIV/NDV with similar sensitivity in spiked stool samples and in specimens from vaccinated birds. The developed dRT-PCR assay is a rapid, cost-effective tool, which provides powerful novel means for the early diagnosis of avian influenza and Newcastle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Farkas
- Central Veterinary Institute, Institute of Debrecen, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031 Debrecen, Hungary.
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38
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Creelan JL, Calvert VM, Graham DA, McCullough SJ. Rapid detection and characterization from field cases of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Avian Pathol 2006; 35:173-9. [PMID: 16595312 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600598244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to specifically amplify infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA from field samples. The 222-base-pair PCR fragment was amplified using primers located in a conserved region of the infected cell protein 4 gene that was demonstrated in this work to encompass a single nucleotide polymorphism. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of real-time PCR amplified fragments from a range of ILTV isolates using the restriction endonuclease MspI enabled differentiation between older ILTV isolates that were prevalent in the 1960s prior to the availability of vaccine strains and more recent isolates that predominantly are identical to vaccine strains. The assay, using real-time PCR, RFLP and sequence analysis, was used to characterize two recent field cases of infectious laryngotracheitis from Northern Ireland. One of the field cases was demonstrated to be similar to older "wild-type" isolates, while the other field case was identified to have a concurrent ILTV infection of both "wild-type" and vaccinal type origin. The assay described here using real-time PCR and RFLP provides a rapid, specific method that enables detection and characterization of ILTV directly from field cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Creelan
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.
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39
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Xie Z, Pang YS, Liu J, Deng X, Tang X, Sun J, Khan MI. A multiplex RT-PCR for detection of type A influenza virus and differentiation of avian H5, H7, and H9 hemagglutinin subtypes. Mol Cell Probes 2006; 20:245-9. [PMID: 16542820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was developed and optimized for the detection of type A influenza virus; the assay simultaneously differentiates avian H5, H7 and H9 hemagglutinin subtypes. Four sets of specific oligonucleotide primers were used in this test for type A influenza virus, H5, H7 and H9 heamagglutinin subtypes. The mRT-PCR DNA products were visualized by gel electrophoresis and consisted of fragments of 860 bp for H5, 634 bp for H7, 488 bp for H9 hemagglutinin subtypes, and 244 bp for type A influenza virus. The common set primers for type A influenza virus were able to amplify a 244 bp DNA band for any of the other subtypes of AIV. The mRT-PCR assay developed in this study was found to be sensitive and specific. Detection limit for PCR-amplified DNA products was 100 pg for the subtypes H5, H7, and H9 and 10 pg for type A influenza virus in all subtypes. No specific amplification bands of the same sizes (860, 634 and 488 bp) could be amplified for RNA of other influenza hemagglutinin subtypes, nor specific amplification bands of type A influenza (244 bp) for other viral or bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, People's Republic of China.
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Caterina KM, Frasca S, Girshick T, Khan MI. Development of a multiplex PCR for detection of avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, and chicken anemia virus. Mol Cell Probes 2005; 18:293-8. [PMID: 15294316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was developed and optimized for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of avian reovirus (ARV), avian adenovirus group I (AAV-I), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and chicken anemia virus (CAV). Four sets of specific oligonucleotide primers were used in this test for ARV, AAV-I, IBDV, and CAV. The mPCR DNA products were visualized by gel electrophoresis and consisted of fragments of 365 bp for IBDV, 421 bp for AAV-I, 532 bp for ARV, and 676 bp for CAV. The mPCR assay developed in this study was found to be sensitive and specific. Detection of PCR-amplified DNA products was 100 pg for both CAV and IBDV, and 10pg for both ARV and AAV-I and this mPCR did not amplify nucleic acids from the other avian pathogens tested. The mPCR demonstrated similar sensitivity in tests using experimental fecal cloacal swab specimens that were spiked with ARV, AAV-1, IBDV, and CAV, and taken from specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. This mPCR detected and differentiated various combinations of RNA/DNA templates from ARV, AAV-I, CAV, and IBDV without reduction of amplification from feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Caterina
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA
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Xie Z, Khan MI, Girshick T, Xie Z. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect avian encephalomyelitis virus. Avian Dis 2005; 49:227-30. [PMID: 16094827 DOI: 10.1637/7307-111804r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed and optimized for the detection of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). A pair of primers was prepared based on the VP2 gene of the structural protein P1 region of the AEV genome. An avian encephalomyelitis virus-specific 619-base pair cDNA product was amplified by these primers from five reference/field strains of AEVs but not from 10 other avian pathogenic viruses and bacteria. The RT-PCR assay developed in this study was found to be sensitive and specific with as little as 10 pg of avian encephalomyelitis virus RNA detected using gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, AEV-RT-PCR was able to detect AE virus from chicken embryo brain at 3 days postinoculation as compared with the AE agar gel precipitation test (AGP), which required up to 11 days of incubation in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Villarreal LYB, Brandão PEB, Chacón JLV, Doretto Junior L, Ito N, Gama NS, Ishizuka MM, Luchese A, Buchala F, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP. Detection and molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in laying hens in Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2004000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - NS Gama
- Instituto Biológico de São Paulo
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Abstract
Recently, a new way to amplify DNA, called solid phase amplification (SPA), has been introduced. SPA differs from the traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the use of surface-bound instead of freely-diffusing primers to amplify DNA. This limits the amplification to two-dimensional surfaces and therefore allows the easy parallelization of DNA amplification in a single system. Furthermore, SPA could provide an alternate route to DNA target implantation on DNA chips for genomic studies. Standard PCR processes are usually characterized (at least initially) by an exponential growth and a broad population distribution, and they are well described by the theory of branching processes, wherein a generating function can be used to obtain the probability distribution function for the population of offspring. This theoretical approach is not appropriate for SPA because it cannot properly take into account the many-body (steric) and geometric effects in a quenched two-dimensional environment. In this article, we propose a simple Lattice Monte Carlo technique to model SPA. We study the growth, stability, and morphology of isolated DNA colonies under various conditions. Our results indicate that, in most cases, SPA is characterized by a geometric growth and a rather sharp size distribution. Various non-ideal effects are studied, and we demonstrate that such effects do not generally change the nature of the process, except in extreme cases.
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