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Barragán-Mayet KF, García-Espinosa G, Sánchez-González MG, Miranda-Antonio L, Maldonado-Reséndiz RI. Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile in Psittacine Birds at an Avian Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study, 2015-2022. J Avian Med Surg 2024; 38:15-20. [PMID: 38686884 DOI: 10.1647/avianms-d-23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Veterinary hospitals house patient populations with diverse infectious statuses, microbiota, and histories of prior antibiotic therapy. Choanal swabs are commonly used for assessing the upper respiratory tract of birds for bacterial disease, with the samples submitted for cytologic testing and/or culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify and quantify bacteria isolated from choanal swabs collected from psittacine patients at a veterinary teaching hospital in Mexico City, Mexico. Data regarding bacterial isolates from choanal swabs were obtained from the medical records of companion psittacines suspected of upper respiratory bacterial disease that presented between November 2015 and December 2022. A total of 47.8% (175 of 366) of the bacterial isolates were from specimens obtained from red-lored Amazons (Amazona autumnalis). Gram-negative bacteria predominated, with 27 different genera identified. Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia were the most frequently isolated genera. A total of 90.4% (331 of 366) of the isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic tested in the sensitivity panel, and a single Klebsiella isolate was resistant to 13 different antibiotics. Gentamicin had a high percentage of efficacy (79.5%; 182 of 229) against the bacterial isolates, whereas isolates tested against sulfonamide-trimethoprim (46.7%, 98 of 210), streptomycin (43.8%; 88 of 201), and clindamycin (12.9%; 15 of 116) had susceptibilities <50%. This is the first study to report common bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from choanal swab samples collected from companion psittacines suspected of upper respiratory disease in Mexico. Clinicians can use the information presented in this study as a guide for therapeutic decision-making when managing upper respiratory bacterial infections in companion psittacine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fernando Barragán-Mayet
- Zoological Medicine and Surgery Internship, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuit of Scientific Research S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360, Mexico
| | - Gary García-Espinosa
- Avian Medicine and Husbandry Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuit of Scientific Research S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Sánchez-González
- Genetics and Biostatistics Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuit of Scientific Research S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Miranda-Antonio
- Avian Medicine and Husbandry Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuit of Scientific Research S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Itzcóatl Maldonado-Reséndiz
- Ethology, Wildlife, and Laboratory Animal Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuit of Scientific Research S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360, Mexico,
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Smith OM, Snyder WE, Owen JP. Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:652-679. [PMID: 32003106 PMCID: PMC7317827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. This has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. Further, Salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns. Despite numerous studies of enteric bacteria in wild birds and policies to discourage birds from food systems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of wild bird involvement in transmission of enteric bacteria to humans. Here, we propose a framework for understanding spillover of enteric pathogens from wild birds to humans, which includes pathogen acquisition, reservoir competence and bacterial shedding, contact with people and food, and pathogen survival in the environment. We place the literature into this framework to identify important knowledge gaps. Second, we conduct a meta‐analysis of prevalence data for three human enteric pathogens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Salmonella spp., in 431 North American breeding bird species. Our literature review revealed that only 3% of studies addressed the complete system of pathogen transmission. In our meta‐analysis, we found a Campylobacter spp. prevalence of 27% across wild birds, while prevalence estimates of pathogenic E. coli (20%) and Salmonella spp. (6.4%) were lower. There was significant bias in which bird species have been tested, with most studies focusing on a small number of taxa that are common near people (e.g. European starlings Sturnus vulgaris and rock pigeons Columba livia) or commonly in contact with human waste (e.g. gulls). No pathogen prevalence data were available for 65% of North American breeding bird species, including many commonly in contact with humans (e.g. black‐billed magpie Pica hudsonia and great blue heron Ardea herodias), and our metadata suggest that some under‐studied species, taxonomic groups, and guilds may represent equivalent or greater risk to human infection than heavily studied species. We conclude that current data do not provide sufficient information to determine the likelihood of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans and thus preclude management solutions. The primary focus in the literature on pathogen prevalence likely overestimates the probability of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans because a pathogen must survive long enough at an infectious dose and be a strain that is able to colonize humans to cause infection. We propose that future research should focus on the large number of under‐studied species commonly in contact with people and food production and demonstrate shedding of bacterial strains pathogenic to humans into the environment where people may contact them. Finally, studies assessing the duration and intensity of bacterial shedding and survival of bacteria in the environment in bird faeces will help provide crucial missing information necessary to calculate spillover probability. Addressing these essential knowledge gaps will support policy to reduce enteric pathogen spillover to humans and enhance bird conservation efforts that are currently undermined by unsupported fears of pathogen spillover from wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
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Diren Sigirci B, Celik B, Başaran Kahraman B, Bagcigil AF, Ak S. Tetracycline Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Feces of Synanthropic Birds. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Vasconcelos RH, Teixeira RSDC, Silva INGD, Lopes EDS, Maciel WC. Feral pigeons (Columba livia) as potential reservoirs of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000412017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to review the scientific literature for information about free-living pigeons (Columba livia) as potential reservoirs of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Rock doves are currently adapted to the urban environment and distributed all over the world. These birds carry microorganisms that are pathogenic for man and other animals, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Among these microorganisms, Salmonella is a pathogenic genus that cause severe economic losses and it is zoonotic, causing foodborne infections in humans. In addition, Escherichia coli is an worrisome species involved in the poultry industry. However, this micro-organism is also a risk to the public health, considering pathotypes that are known to cause diseases in man have been isolated from feral pigeons. The infections caused by these bacteria depend on virulence factors that provide the necessary tools to develop the disease. These factors are encoded by genes that may be found in pathogenicity islands inside the bacterial genome. In addition, pigeons may harbor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, which may pass this characteristic to other strains, and present a risk to the public health as well. In conclusion, pigeons are reservoirs of strains of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli that may present high levels of resistance to antibiotics.
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Machado DN, Lopes ES, Albuquerque AH, Horn RV, Bezerra WGA, Siqueira RAS, Lopes IT, Nunes FP, Teixeira RSC, Cardoso WM. Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Enterobacteria from Nestling Grey-Breasted Parakeets (Pyrrhura Griseipectus). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - ES Lopes
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
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Bachiri T, Bakour S, Lalaoui R, Belkebla N, Allouache M, Rolain JM, Touati A. Occurrence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in the Wildlife: First Report of OXA-48 in Wild Boars in Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:337-345. [PMID: 28799835 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen for the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates from wild boars and Barbary macaques in Algeria. Fecal samples were collected from wild boars (n = 168) and Barbary macaques (n = 212), in Bejaia, Algeria, between September 2014 and April 2016. The isolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Carbapenem resistance determinants were studied using PCR and sequencing, while clonal relatedness was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PCR was used to investigate certain virulence genes. Three CPE isolates from three different samples (1.8%) recovered from wild boars were identified as Escherichia coli (two isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (one isolate). These isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tobramycin, ertapenem, and meropenem. The results of PCR and sequencing analysis showed that all three isolates produced the OXA-48 enzyme. The MLST showed that the two E. coli isolates were assigned to the same sequence type, ST635, and belonged to phylogroup A, whereas K. pneumoniae strain belonged to ST13. The K. pneumoniae strain was positive for multiple virulence factors, whereas no virulence determinants were found in E. coli isolates. This is the first report of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in wild animals from Algeria and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taous Bachiri
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria .,2 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- 2 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- 2 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Belkebla
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Meriem Allouache
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jean Marc Rolain
- 2 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria
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Davies YM, Cunha MPV, Oliveira MGX, Oliveira MCV, Philadelpho N, Romero D, Milanelo L, Guimarães MB, Ferreira AJP, Moreno AM, Sá LRM, Knöbl T. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from passerine and psittacine birds. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:194-201. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1142066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Horn RV, Cardoso WM, Lopes ES, Teixeira RS, Albuquerque ÁH, Rocha-e-Silva RC, Machado DN, Bezerra WG. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of members from the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from canaries (Serinus canaria). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Enterobacteriaceae family contains potentially zoonotic bacteria, and their presence in canaries is often reported, though the current status of these in bird flocks is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most common genera of enterobacteria from canaries (Serinus canaria) and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. From February to June of 2013, a total of 387 cloacal swab samples from eight domiciliary breeding locations of Fortaleza city, Brazil, were collected and 58 necropsies were performed in canaries, which belonged to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies. The samples were submitted to microbiological procedure using buffered peptone water and MacConkey agar. Colonies were selected according to their morphological characteristics on selective agar and submitted for biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 61 isolates were obtained, of which 42 were from cloacal swabs and 19 from necropsies. The most isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli with twenty five strains, followed by fourteen Klebsiellaspp., twelve Enterobacterspp., seven Pantoea agglomerans, two Serratiaspp. and one Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial to which the strains presented most resistance was sulfonamides with 55.7%, followed by ampicillin with 54.1% and tetracycline with 39.3%. The total of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 34 (55.7%). In conclusion, canaries harbor members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and common strains present a high antimicrobial resistance rate, with a high frequency of MDR bacteria.
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Murugaiyan J, Krueger K, Roesler U, Weinreich J, Schierack P. Assessment of species and antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mallard duck faeces. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:127. [PMID: 25697309 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mallard ducks have demonstrated to be a likely reservoir for zoonotic E. coli strains; thus, it is possible that these ducks could also act as a reservoir for other Enterobacteriaceae members. The present study was initiated to evaluate the species distribution of Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli in 175 fresh faecal samples collected from a population of mallard ducks. Sixty-four samples displayed detectable colonies of Enterobacteriaceae (excluding E. coli), which resulted in 75 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types. Seventy-five single representatives of each PFGE type were subjected to identification with API 32NE and MALDI TOF MS systems due to the practical difficulties in species differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae. Those isolated were found to be from nine genera: Buttiauxella (15 %), Citrobacter (5 %), Enterobacter (32 %), Hafnia (1 %), Leclercia (1 %), Pantoea (7 %), Raoultella (21 %), Rahnella (7 %) and Serratia (11 %). Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes using the disc method and detection of resistance genes using the microarray method revealed that these microbes possess resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, rifamycine, sulphonamides, streptogramins and diaminopyrimidines. In conclusion, mallard ducks harbour a variety of non-pathogenic and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae species like Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter amnigenus in their intestine and could act as a reservoir of resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Center for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany,
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Stenkat J, Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Schmitz Ornés A, Eilers A, Schmidt V. Aerobic cloacal and pharyngeal bacterial flora in six species of free-living birds. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1564-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Stenkat
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - A. Schmitz Ornés
- Ornithological Station Hiddensee; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - A. Eilers
- Ornithological Station Hiddensee; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - V. Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Díaz-Sánchez S, Sánchez S, Ewers C, Höfle U. Occurrence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): sanitary concerns of farming. Avian Pathol 2014; 41:337-44. [PMID: 22834546 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.687101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) are a significant part of the culture, diet and income for many people in central and southern Spain. Due to declining populations in the wild, intensive farming is common and 4 million juvenile partridges are released each autumn. Intensive management and high densities result in high prevalence of enteric disease and the use of antimicrobials as preventive measures on partridge farms and prior to restocking in the wild. We determined the occurrence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), and screened phenotypic resistance of E. coli against enrofloxacin, gentamicin and cefotaxim in farmed, restocked and wild partridges. Prevalence of APEC in farmed and restocked red-legged partridges was significantly higher than in natural populations. Phenotypic resistance against both gentamicin and enrofloxacin was significantly more frequent in farmed (75%) and restocked (43%) partridges than in wild partridges, while most E. coli isolated from natural populations were susceptible to all three antimicrobials tested (65%). This indicates that farmed and restocked partridges carry APEC that could be a reason for disease outbreaks on farms, and that E. coli carried by farmed and restocked partridges can acquire resistance to frequently used antimicrobials, thus being a concern for the environment, wild birds and consumers. Management in farms and restocking procedures may create a hazard not only for spreading APEC, but also as a potential source of resistant E. coli in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ronda de Toledo s/n (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Vieira-da-Motta O, Eckhardt-de-Pontes LA, Petrucci MP, dos Santos IP, da Cunha ICN, Morato RG. Microbiota and anthropic interference on antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from Brazilian Maned-wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1321-6. [PMID: 24688529 PMCID: PMC3958205 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the study of Brazilian wild mammal fauna and the conditions that foster the preservation of endangered species, such as Brazilian Maned-wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), in wild life are of extreme importance. In order to study the resistance profile of microbiota bacterial colonizing Brazilian Maned-wolf, this work investigated samples from eight male captive and free roaming animals originating from different Brazilian geographical regions. Samples for microbiological purposes were collected with swabs and kept in appropriate transport medium. Using routine microbiological techniques, the isolated bacteria were tested toward antimicrobial drugs by the agar disk diffusion method. Results showed that all samples from wild animals were sensitive toward all drugs tested. Conversely, the resistance profile of bacteria isolated from captive animals varied among strains and animal body site location. Escherichia coli samples from prepuce, anus and ear showed multi-resistance toward at least four drugs, especially against erythromycin and tetracycline, followed by Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris strains isolated from anus and ear. Among Gram-positive bacteria, strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed multi-resistance mainly toward erythromycin and amoxicillin. The work discusses these findings and suggests that profile of multi-resistance bacteria from captive subjects may be attributed to direct contact with human or through lifestyle factors such as feeding, predation or contact of animals with urban animals such as birds, rodents, and insects from surrounding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Melissa Paes Petrucci
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israel Pereira dos Santos
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Melhoramento Genético Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Candia Nunes da Cunha
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Melhoramento Genético Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
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Díaz-Sánchez S, Moriones AM, Casas F, Höfle U. Prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. in the intestinal flora of farm-reared, restocked and wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): is restocking using farm-reared birds a risk? EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santos HF, Flôres ML, Lara VM, Silva MSE, Battisti L, Lovato LT. Microbiota cloacal aeróbia de cracídeos cativos no Rio Grande do Sul e sua susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010001200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Os cracídeos são aves silvestres que habitam as matas tropicais da América. Foram coletadas, no ano de 2007, amostras cloacais de 51 aves de dez espécies diferentes de cracídeos mantidos em cativeiros no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir dos swabs, colhidos assepticamente, foi realizado o isolamento e a caracterização bacteriana e o teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana dos isolados. Foram identificadas 93 cepas de bactérias. As bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas foram Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. Todas as amostras foram negativas para o isolamento de Salmonella spp. O resultado do teste de sensibilidade mostrou que dentre as 93 cepas isoladas, todas foram sensíveis apenas ao imipinem. Adicionalmente, os menores percentuais de resistência foram observados frente ao cloranfenicol e ciprofloxacina. Os gêneros e espécies bacterianas com maior percentual de resistência a diferentes antibióticos testados foram Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus spp. Com os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, concluí-se, que a população de cracídeos estudada apresenta sua microbiota cloacal composta por vários gêneros e espécies bacterianas e que a multirresistencia pode ser um problema no futuro, uma vez que algumas cepas isoladas mostraram percentuais elevados de resistência a diferente antimicrobianos.
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