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Pérez Jorge G, Gontijo M, Silva MFE, Goes ICRDS, Jaimes-Florez YP, Coser LDO, Rocha FJS, Giorgio S, Brocchi M. Attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium mediate melanoma regression via an immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10081. [PMID: 38974834 PMCID: PMC11224151 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatment options for an increasing number of cancer cases highlights the need for new anticancer therapeutic strategies. Immunotherapy mediated by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a promising anticancer treatment. Candidate strains for anticancer therapy must be attenuated while retaining their antitumor activity. Here, we investigated the attenuation and antitumor efficacy of two S. enterica Typhimurium mutants, ΔtolRA and ΔihfABpmi, in a murine melanoma model. Results showed high attenuation of ΔtolRA in the Galleria mellonella model, and invasion and survival in tumor cells. However, it showed weak antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Contrastingly, lower attenuation of the attenuated ΔihfABpmi strain resulted in regression of tumor mass in all mice, approximately 6 days after the first treatment. The therapeutic response induced by ΔihfABpmi was accompanied with macrophage accumulation of antitumor phenotype (M1) and significant increase in the mRNAs of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) and an apoptosis inducer (Bax). Our findings indicate that the attenuated ΔihfABpmi exerts its antitumor activity by inducing macrophage infiltration or reprogramming the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment to an activated state, suggesting that attenuated S. enterica Typhimurium strains based on nucleoid-associated protein genes deletion could be immunotherapeutic against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Research Group: Statistics and Mathematical Modeling Applied to Educational Quality, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Marco Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marina Flóro e Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yessica Paola Jaimes-Florez
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- GIMBIO Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Coser
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Laboratório de Regeneração Nervosa, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Janaína Soares Rocha
- Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
This review is focused on describing and analyzing means by which Salmonella enterica serotype strains have been genetically modified with the purpose of developing safe, efficacious vaccines to present Salmonella-induced disease in poultry and to prevent Salmonella colonization of poultry to reduce transmission through the food chain in and on eggs and poultry meat. Emphasis is on use of recently developed means to generate defined deletion mutations to eliminate genetic sequences conferring antimicrobial resistance or residual elements that might lead to genetic instability. Problems associated with prior means to develop vaccines are discussed with presentation of various means by which these problems have been lessened, if not eliminated. Practical considerations are also discussed in hope of facilitating means to move lab-proven successful vaccination procedures and vaccine candidates to the marketplace to benefit the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Curtiss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,
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Onuigbo E, Iseghohimhen J, Chah K, Gyang M, Attama A. Chitosan/alginate microparticles for the oral delivery of fowl typhoid vaccine: Innate and acquired immunity. Vaccine 2018; 36:4973-4978. [PMID: 30017142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine is necessary for improved flock vaccinations and economic growth. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immune responses of birds given oral fowl typhoid vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles and comparing it with the conventional subcutaneous route of administration. Preliminary studies were done to evaluate the particle size, encapsulation efficiency and agglutination. Sixty day-old chicks were divided into three groups of twenty birds each. This comprised a negative control group NEG 451 (non-vaccinated and non-challenged used as control for cytokine quantification), SC 634 (live 9R vaccine by the injection route) and OCV 567 (live 9R vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles). Vaccination was done at 10 weeks and 14 weeks of age followed by challenge at 16 weeks of age. IgG was measured using ELISA. mRNA fold expression of IFN-γ in spleen was calculated using qRT-PCR. Particle sizes ranged between 0.55 µm and 10 µm. Encapsulation efficiency was above 60%. ELISA showed E-values of 0.10 ± 0.14, 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.02 ± 0.01 for OCV 567, SC 634 and NEG 451 respectively after primary vaccination. Also E-values were 0.25 ± 0.16, 0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.0008 ± 0.005 for SC 634, OCV 567 and NEG451 respectively after boost vaccination. The expression of IFN-γin spleen using 2-ΔΔ CT calculation was upregulated with values of 1.97 and 0.75 for OCV 567 and SC 634 respectively. After challenge with the 85-kb virulence plasmid SG9, there was 100% protection of the birds in both OCV 567 and SC 634 groups with no mortality. In conclusion, there was no significant difference at p < 0.05 of the means ± SD in immune responses between the oral fowl typhoid vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles and the subcutaneous route of administration. However, it is noteworthy to mention that the protective efficacy of the oral route is due to the chitosan/alginate biopolymers which coated the vaccine preventing destruction in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebele Onuigbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Joy Iseghohimhen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Chah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Moses Gyang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Attama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
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