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Majumder S, Li P, Das S, Nafiz TN, Kumar S, Bai G, Dellario H, Sui H, Guan Z, Curtiss R, Furuya Y, Sun W. A bacterial vesicle-based pneumococcal vaccine against influenza-mediated secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:169-181. [PMID: 38215909 PMCID: PMC11033695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common pathogen causing a secondary bacterial infection following influenza, which leads to severe morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop bacterial vaccines that prevent severe post-influenza bacterial pneumonia. Here, an improved Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain (designated as YptbS46) possessing an Asd+ plasmid pSMV92 could synthesize high amounts of the Spn pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) antigen and monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant. The recombinant strain produced outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enclosing a high amount of PspA protein (designated as OMV-PspA). A prime-boost intramuscular immunization with OMV-PspA induced both memory adaptive and innate immune responses in vaccinated mice, reduced the viral and bacterial burden, and provided complete protection against influenza-mediated secondary Spn infection. Also, the OMV-PspA immunization afforded significant cross-protection against the secondary Spn A66.1 infection and long-term protection against the secondary Spn D39 challenge. Our study implies that an OMV vaccine delivering Spn antigens can be a new promising pneumococcal vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugata Majumder
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir Noor Nafiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Guangchun Bai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Hazel Dellario
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Haixin Sui
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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2
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Liu K, Li Z, Li Q, Wang S, Curtiss R, Shi H. Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine Candidate Delivering Infectious Bronchitis Virus S1 Protein to Induce Protection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:133. [PMID: 38275762 PMCID: PMC10813627 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly infectious viral disease of chickens which causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. An effective vaccine against IB is urgently needed to provide both biosafety and high-efficiency immune protection. In this study, the S1 protein of the infectious bronchitis virus was delivered by a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vector to form the vaccine candidate χ11246(pYA4545-S1). S. typhimurium χ11246 carried a sifA- mutation with regulated delayed systems, striking a balance between host safety and immunogenicity. Here, we demonstrated that S1 protein is highly expressed in HD11 cells. Immunization with χ11246(pYA4545-S1) induced the production of antibody and cytokine, leading to an effective immune response against IB. Oral immunization with χ11246(pYA4545-S1) provided 72%, 56%, and 56% protection in the lacrimal gland, trachea, and cloaca against infectious bronchitis virus infection, respectively. Furthermore, it significantly reduced histopathological lesions in chickens. Together, this study provides a new idea for the prevention of IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.)
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.)
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Abstract
This review is focused on describing and analyzing means by which Salmonella enterica serotype strains have been genetically modified with the purpose of developing safe, efficacious vaccines to present Salmonella-induced disease in poultry and to prevent Salmonella colonization of poultry to reduce transmission through the food chain in and on eggs and poultry meat. Emphasis is on use of recently developed means to generate defined deletion mutations to eliminate genetic sequences conferring antimicrobial resistance or residual elements that might lead to genetic instability. Problems associated with prior means to develop vaccines are discussed with presentation of various means by which these problems have been lessened, if not eliminated. Practical considerations are also discussed in hope of facilitating means to move lab-proven successful vaccination procedures and vaccine candidates to the marketplace to benefit the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Curtiss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,
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4
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Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang S, Curtiss R, Shi H. A Bacterial mRNA-Lysis-Mediated Cargo Release Vaccine System for Regulated Cytosolic Surveillance and Optimized Antigen Delivery. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303568. [PMID: 37867213 PMCID: PMC10667801 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Engineered vector-based in vivo protein delivery platforms have made significant progress for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications. However, the lack of effective release strategies results in foreign cargo being trapped within the vector, restricting the provision of significant performance benefits and enhanced therapeutic results compared to traditional vaccines. Herein, the development of a Salmonella mRNA interferase regulation vector (SIRV) system is reported to overcome this challenge. The genetic circuits are engineered that (1) induce self-lysis to release foreign antigens into target cells and (2) activate the cytosolic surveillance cGAS-STING axis by releasing DNA into the cytoplasm. Delayed synthesis of the MazF interferase regulates differential mRNA cleavage, resulting in a 36-fold increase in the delivery of foreign antigens and modest activation of the inflammasome, which collectively contribute to the marked maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Bacteria delivering the protective antigen SaoA exhibits excellent immunogenicity and safety in mouse and pig models, significantly improving the survival rate of animals challenged with multiple serotypes of Streptococcus suis. Thus, the SIRV system enables the effective integration of various modular components and antigen cargos, allowing for the generation of an extensive range of intracellular protein delivery systems using multiple bacterial species in a highly efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐an Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225000China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou225000China
| | - Yanni Sun
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225000China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou225000China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225000China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou225000China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225000China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou225000China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611‐0880USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611‐0880USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225000China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou225000China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product SafetyYangzhou University (JIRLAAPS)Yangzhou225000China
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5
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Swain B, Campodonico VA, Curtiss R. Recombinant Attenuated Edwardsiella piscicida Vaccine Displaying Regulated Lysis to Confer Biological Containment and Protect Catfish against Edwardsiellosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1470. [PMID: 37766146 PMCID: PMC10534663 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We implemented a unique strategy to construct a recombinant attenuated Edwardsiella vaccine (RAEV) with a biological containment phenotype that causes regulated bacterial cell wall lysis. This process ensures that the vaccine strain is not able to persist in the environment. The murA gene is responsible for the catalysis of one of the first steps in the biosynthesis of muramic acid, which is a crucial component of the bacterial cell wall. The regulated lysis phenotype was achieved by inserting the tightly regulated araC ParaBAD cassette in place of the chromosomal murA promoter. Strains with this mutation require growth media supplemented with arabinose in order to survive. Without arabinose, they are unable to synthesize the peptidoglycan cell wall. Following the colonization of fish lymphoid tissues, the murA protein is no longer synthesized due to the lack of arabinose. Lysis is subsequently achieved in vivo, thus preventing the generation of disease symptoms and the spread of the strain into the environment. Vaccine strain χ16016 with the genotype ΔPmurA180::TT araC ParaBADmurA is attenuated and shows a higher LD50 value than that of the wild-type strain. Studies have demonstrated that χ16016 induced TLR4, TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, NOD1 and NOD2-mediated NF-κB pathways and upregulated the gene expression of various cytokines, such as il-8, il-1β, tnf-a, il-6 and ifn-γ in catfish. We observed significant upregulation of the expression profiles of cd4, cd8 and mhc-II genes in different organs of vaccinated catfish. Vaccine strain χ16016 induced systemic and mucosal IgM titers and conferred significant protection to catfish against E. piscicida wild-type challenge. Our lysis RAEV is the first live attenuated vaccine candidate designed to be used in the aquaculture industry that displays this biological containment property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banikalyan Swain
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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6
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Ghasemi A, Wang S, Sahay B, Abbott JR, Curtiss R. Protective immunity enhanced Salmonella vaccine vectors delivering Helicobacter pylori antigens reduce H. pylori stomach colonization in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034683. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric mucosal inflammation, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Emerging antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori has hampered the effective eradication of frequent chronic infections. Moreover, a safe vaccine is highly demanded due to the absence of effective vaccines against H. pylori. In this study, we employed a new innovative Protective Immunity Enhanced Salmonella Vaccine (PIESV) vector strain to deliver and express multiple H. pylori antigen genes. Immunization of mice with our vaccine delivering the HpaA, Hp-NAP, UreA and UreB antigens, provided sterile protection against H. pylori SS1 infection in 7 out of 10 tested mice. In comparison to the control groups that had received PBS or a PIESV carrying an empty vector, immunized mice exhibited specific and significant cellular recall responses and antigen-specific serum IgG1, IgG2c, total IgG and gastric IgA antibody titers. In conclusion, an improved S. Typhimurium-based live vaccine delivering four antigens shows promise as a safe and effective vaccine against H. pylori infection.
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7
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Xiong L, Wang S, Dean JW, Oliff KN, Jobin C, Curtiss R, Zhou L. Group 3 innate lymphoid cell pyroptosis represents a host defence mechanism against Salmonella infection. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1087-1099. [PMID: 35668113 PMCID: PMC9250631 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) produce interleukin (IL)-22 and coordinate with other cells in the gut to mount productive host immunity against bacterial infection. However, the role of ILC3s in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection, which causes foodborne enteritis in humans, remains elusive. Here we show that S. Typhimurium exploits ILC3-produced IL-22 to promote its infection in mice. Specifically, S. Typhimurium secretes flagellin through activation of the TLR5-MyD88-IL-23 signalling pathway in antigen presenting cells (APCs) to selectively enhance IL-22 production by ILC3s, but not T cells. Deletion of ILC3s but not T cells in mice leads to better control of S. Typhimurium infection. We also show that S. Typhimurium can directly invade ILC3s and cause caspase-1-mediated ILC3 pyroptosis independently of flagellin. Genetic ablation of Casp1 in mice leads to increased ILC3 survival and IL-22 production, and enhanced S. Typhimurium infection. Collectively, our data suggest a key host defence mechanism against S. Typhimurium infection via induction of ILC3 death to limit intracellular bacteria and reduce IL-22 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph W Dean
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristen N Oliff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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8
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Wang X, Li P, Singh AK, Zhang X, Guan Z, Curtiss R, Sun W. Remodeling Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to generate a highly immunogenic outer membrane vesicle vaccine against pneumonic plague. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109667119. [PMID: 35275791 PMCID: PMC8931243 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109667119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceYersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, has been responsible for high mortality in several epidemics throughout human history. This plague bacillus has been used as a biological weapon during human history and is currently one of the deadliest biological threats. Currently, no licensed plague vaccines are available in the Western world. Since an array of immunogens are enclosed in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), immune responses elicited by OMVs against a diverse range of antigens may reduce the likelihood of antigen circumvention. Therefore, self-adjuvanting OMVs from a remodeled Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain as a type of plague vaccine could diversify prophylactic choices and solve current vaccine limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuran Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Amit K. Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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9
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Swain B, Powell CT, Curtiss R. Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Attenuated Edwardsiella piscicida Vaccine (RAEV) Vector System Encoding Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) Antigen IAG52B. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802760. [PMID: 35145512 PMCID: PMC8821916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully designed and constructed a RAEV vector system with regulated-delayed attenuation in vivo attributes that synthesizes Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) protective antigen IAG52B to enable vaccination of fish susceptible to edwardsiellosis and white spot disease. The first feature of this vaccine delivery system is an Edwardsiella piscicida strain carrying genomic deletions of asdA. AsdA is an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of diaminopimelic acid (DAP), which is an essential component of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. asdA mutant strains have obligate growth requirements for DAP in the medium or a plasmid vector with the wild-type asdA gene enabling synthesis of DAP. This balanced-lethal plasmid vector-host system in E. piscicida enables as a second feature the synthesis of recombinant antigens to induce protective immunity against fish pathogens. Recombinant protective antigen IAG52B from the fish pathogen I. multifiliis was synthesized by RAEV strains harboring the AsdA+ plasmid pG8R8029. The third feature of this vaccine strain is a regulated-delayed attenuation in vivo phenotype that is based on the replacement of an arabinose-regulated araC ParaBAD cassette for the promoters of the fur and crp genes of E. piscicida such that the expression of these genes is dependent on arabinose provided during growth. Thus, following colonization, the Fur and Crp proteins stop being synthesized due to the lack of arabinose and attenuation is progressively achieved in vivo to prevent generation of diseases symptoms. Our vaccine strain χ16022 with the genotype ΔasdA10 ΔPfur170::TT araC ParaBAD fur ΔPcrp68::TT araC ParaBAD crp contains the AsdA+ plasmid, pG8R8029, which encodes the IAG52B antigen. Vaccine strain χ16022(pG8R8029) is attenuated and induces systemic and mucosal IgM titer against E. piscicida and Ich in zebrafish. In addition, transcript levels of tnf-α, il-1β, il-6 and il-8 were significantly increased in different tissues of vaccinated zebrafish compared to unimmunized fish. Zebrafish vaccinated with χ16022(pG8R8029) showed 60% survival upon intracoelomic (i.c.) challenge with a lethal dose of virulent E. piscicida strain J118. Our RAEV system could be used as a generalized vaccine-vector system to protect teleost fish against multiple bacterial, viral and parasitic infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banikalyan Swain
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cole T Powell
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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10
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Swain B, Powell CT, Curtiss R. Virulence, immunogenicity and live vaccine potential of aroA and phoP mutants of Edwardsiella piscicida in zebrafish. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105355. [PMID: 34902537 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the most effective approach for prevention and control of infectious diseases in aquaculture. Edwardsiella piscicida is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis leading to mass mortality in a variety of fish species, leading to huge economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we have deleted the aroA and phoP genes in E. piscicida and investigated the phenotype, degrees of attenuation, immunogenicity, and ability to confer immune protection in zebrafish host. Our vaccine strain χ16028 with genotype ΔaroA11 ΔphoP12, showed significantly reduced growth, motility, biofilm formation and intracellular replication compared to the wild-type strain J118. In this regard, χ16028 exhibited retarded colonization and attenuation phenotype in zebrafish. Studies showed that χ16028 induced TLR4 and TLR5 mediated NF-kB pathway and upregulated cytokine gene expression i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and type-I IFN in zebrafish. Zebrafish immunized by intracoelomic injection (i.c.) with χ16028 showed systemic and mucosal IgM responses and protection against the wild-type E. piscicida i.c. injection challenge. However, the protection was only 25% in zebrafish following i.c. challenge. We speculate that our vaccine strain might be very attenuated; a booster dose may trigger better immune response and increase the percentage of survival to a more significant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banikalyan Swain
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Cole T Powell
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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11
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Jacob JM, Curtiss R. Characterization of Brucella abortus S19 as a challenge strain for use in a mouse model of brucellosis. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104809. [PMID: 33753207 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this project was to conduct a feasibility study to determine whether the Brucella abortus S19 vaccine infects and persists in mice and determine whether S19 can be used as a challenge strain for vaccine trial studies. Groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated (intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intranasally) and euthanized to determine colonization titers in the spleens and lungs. This study showed that S19 does infect and persist in the tissues of mice for 8 weeks and demonstrates that S19 can be used, safely and economically under BSL2 containment, as the challenge strain for future trials to evaluate vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Jacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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12
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Pfister SP, Schären OP, Beldi L, Printz A, Notter MD, Mukherjee M, Li H, Limenitakis JP, Werren JP, Tandon D, Cuenca M, Hagemann S, Uster SS, Terrazos MA, de Agüero MG, Schürch CM, Coelho FM, Curtiss R, Slack E, Balmer ML, Hapfelmeier S. Author Correction: Uncoupling of invasive bacterial mucosal immunogenicity from pathogenicity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:798. [PMID: 33514732 PMCID: PMC7846858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona P Pfister
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier P Schären
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Beldi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Printz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matheus D Notter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohana Mukherjee
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM) Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien P Limenitakis
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM) Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joel P Werren
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Disha Tandon
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguelangel Cuenca
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hagemann
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie S Uster
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Terrazos
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM) Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fernanda M Coelho
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, D-HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Balmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Swain B, Powell CT, Curtiss R. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Edwardsiella piscicida ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutations in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:497-510. [PMID: 33176201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is the etiological agent of edwardsiellosis in fish and causes severe economic losses in global aquaculture. Vaccination would be the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases and their associated economic losses. The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is an important transcriptional global regulator of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we examined the regulatory function of Fur in E. piscicida. We designed a strain that displays features of the wild-type virulent strain of E. piscicida at the time of immunization to enable strains first to effectively colonize lymphoid tissues and then to exhibit a regulated delayed attenuation in vivo to preclude inducing disease symptoms. Regulated delayed attenuation in vivo is based on the substitution of a tightly regulated araC ParaBAD cassette for the promoter of the fur gene such that expression of this gene is dependent on arabinose provided during growth. Thus, following E. piscicida mutant colonization of lymphoid tissues, the Fur protein ceases to be synthesized due to the absence of arabinose such that attenuation is gradually manifest in vivo to preclude induction of diseases symptoms. We deleted the promoter, including all sequences that interact with activator or repressor proteins, for the fur gene, and substituted the improved araC ParaBAD cassette to yield an E. piscicida strain with the ΔPfur170:TT araC ParaBADfur deletion-insertion mutation (χ16012). Compared to the wild-type strain J118, χ16012 exhibited retarded growth and enhanced siderophore production in the absence of arabinose. mRNA levels of Fur-regulated genes were analyzed in iron deplete or replete condition in wild-type and fur mutant strains. We observed zebrafish immunized with χ16012 showed better colonization and protection compared to the Δfur (χ16001). Studies showed that E. piscicida strain χ16012 is attenuated and induces systemic and mucosal IgM titer in zebrafish. In addition, we found an increase in transcript levels of tnf-α, il-1β, il-8 and ifn-γ in different tissues of zebrafish immunized with χ16012 compared to the unimmunized group. We conclude that, E. piscicida with regulated delayed attenuation could be an effective immersion vaccine for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banikalyan Swain
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Cole T Powell
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- University of Florida, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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14
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Kong W, Wang X, Fields E, Okon B, Jenkins MC, Wilkins G, Brovold M, Golding T, Gonzales A, Golden G, Clark-Curtiss J, Curtiss R. Mucosal Delivery of a Self-destructing Salmonella-Based Vaccine Inducing Immunity Against Eimeria. Avian Dis 2020; 64:254-268. [PMID: 33112952 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A programmed self-destructive Salmonella vaccine delivery system was developed to facilitate efficient colonization in host tissues that allows release of the bacterial cell contents after lysis to stimulate mucosal, systemic, and cellular immunities against a diversity of pathogens. Adoption and modification of these technological improvements could form part of an integrated strategy for cost-effective control and prevention of infectious diseases, including those caused by parasitic pathogens. Avian coccidiosis is a common poultry disease caused by Eimeria. Coccidiosis has been controlled by medicating feed with anticoccidial drugs or administering vaccines containing low doses of virulent or attenuated Eimeria oocysts. Problems of drug resistance and nonuniform administration of these Eimeria resulting in variable immunity are prompting efforts to develop recombinant Eimeria vaccines. In this study, we designed, constructed, and evaluated a self-destructing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) lysis strain synthesizing the Eimeria tenella SO7 antigen. We showed that the RASV lysis strain χ11791(pYA5293) with a ΔsifA mutation enabling escape from the Salmonella-containing vesicle (or endosome) successfully colonized chicken lymphoid tissues and induced strong mucosal and cell-mediated immunities, which are critically important for protection against Eimeria challenge. The results from animal clinical trials show that this vaccine strain significantly increased food conversion efficiency and protection against weight gain depression after challenge with 105E. tenella oocysts with concomitant decreased oocyst output. More importantly, the programmed regulated lysis feature designed into this RASV strain promotes bacterial self-clearance from the host, lessening persistence of vaccine strains in vivo and survival if excreted, which is a critically important advantage in a vaccine for livestock animals. Our approach should provide a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious vaccine to control coccidiosis upon addition of additional protective Eimeria antigens. These improved RASVs can also be modified for use to control other parasitic diseases infecting other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kong
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Emilia Fields
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Blessing Okon
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Mark C Jenkins
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2359
| | - Gary Wilkins
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2359
| | - Matthew Brovold
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Tiana Golding
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Amanda Gonzales
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Greg Golden
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
| | - Josephine Clark-Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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15
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Stojanov M, Besançon H, Snäkä T, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Curtiss R, Baud D. Differentially regulated promoters for antigen expression in Salmonella vaccine strains. Vaccine 2020; 38:4154-4161. [PMID: 32376109 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In most attenuated Salmonella enterica vaccines, heterologous antigens are expressed under the control of strong inducible promoters to ensure a high level of synthesis. Although high expression levels of the antigen can improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine, they might be toxic to the Salmonella carrier. Expression problems could be avoided by the use of promoters with specific characteristics with respect to strength and timing of expression. To study the expression of ten selected promoters, translational promoter-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions were analyzed in three attenuated Salmonella strains, Ty21a, SL3261 and PhoPC. Promoter expression was evaluated both in vitro and in intracellular conditions using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, with specific focus on the levels and timing of expression. We identified one major candidate promoter (Pasr) that could be used to express antigens specifically during in vivo conditions, without impairing bacterial growth during in vitro vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Stojanov
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hervé Besançon
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Snäkä
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - David Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Liu Q, Li P, Luo H, Curtiss R, Kong Q. Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium expressing Salmonella Paratyphoid A O-antigen induces protective immune responses against two Salmonella strains. Virulence 2019; 10:82-96. [PMID: 31874075 PMCID: PMC6363073 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1559673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is the main causative agent of paratyphoid fever in many Asian countries. As paratyphoid is spread by the fecal-oral route, the most effective means of controlling S. Paratyphi A infection is through the availability of clean water supplies and working sanitation services. Because sanitation facilities improve slowly in these poor areas and antibiotic resistance is severe, the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a priority for controlling the spread of paratyphoid disease. In this study, we investigated the strategy of heterologous O-antigenic O2 serotype (S. Paratyphi A characterized) conversion in S. Typhimurium to prevent paratyphoid infections. A series of S. Typhimurium mutants were constructed with replacement of abe, wzxB1 and wbaVB1 genes with respective prt-tyvA1, wzxA1 and wbaVA1, and the results showed that only three genes including prt, wbaVA1 and wzxA1 from S. Paratyphi A presence enable S. Typhimurium to sufficiently express O2 antigen polysaccharide. We also constructed a series of live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine candidates expressing heterologous O2 O-antigens, and a mouse model was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of live vaccines. ELISA data showed that vaccine candidates could induce a comparatively high level of S. Paratyphi A and/or S. Typhimurium LPS-specific IgG and IgA responses in murine model, and IgG2a levels were consistently higher than IgG1 levels. Moreover, the functional properties of serum antibodies were evaluated using in vitro C3 complement deposition and opsonophagocytic assays. Our work highlights the potential for developing S. Typhimurium live vaccines against S. Paratyphi A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Singh AK, Curtiss R, Sun W. A Recombinant Attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Vaccine Delivering a Y. pestis YopE Nt138-LcrV Fusion Elicits Broad Protection against Plague and Yersiniosis in Mice. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00296-19. [PMID: 31331960 PMCID: PMC6759313 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00296-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel recombinant attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1+ strain (χ10069) engineered with ΔyopK ΔyopJ Δasd triple mutations was used to deliver a Y. pestis fusion protein, YopE amino acid 1 to 138-LcrV (YopENt138-LcrV), to Swiss Webster mice as a protective antigen against infections by yersiniae. χ10069 bacteria harboring the pYA5199 plasmid constitutively synthesized the YopENt138-LcrV fusion protein and secreted it via the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) at 37°C under calcium-deprived conditions. The attenuated strain χ10069(pYA5199) was manifested by the establishment of controlled infection in different tissues without developing conspicuous signs of disease in histopathological analysis of microtome sections. A single-dose oral immunization of χ10069(pYA5199) induced strong serum antibody titers (log10 mean value, 4.2), secretory IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from immunized mice, and Yersinia-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin 2 (IL-2), as well as IL-17, in both lungs and spleens of immunized mice, conferring comprehensive Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses and protection against bubonic and pneumonic plague challenges, with 80% and 90% survival, respectively. Mice immunized with χ10069(pYA5199) also exhibited complete protection against lethal oral infections by Yersinia enterocolitica WA and Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1+. These findings indicated that χ10069(pYA5199) as an oral vaccine induces protective immunity to prevent bubonic and pneumonic plague, as well as yersiniosis, in mice and would be a promising oral vaccine candidate for protection against plague and yersiniosis for human and veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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18
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Su H, Liu Q, Wang S, Curtiss R, Kong Q. Regulated Delayed Shigella flexneri 2a O-antigen Synthesis in Live Recombinant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Induces Comparable Levels of Protective Immune Responses with Constitutive Antigen Synthesis System. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3565-3579. [PMID: 31281498 PMCID: PMC6587160 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a leading cause of bacillary dysentery, is a major public health concern particularly affecting children in developing nations. We have constructed a novel attenuated Salmonella vaccine system based on the regulated delayed antigen synthesis (RDAS) and regulated delayed expression of attenuating phenotype (RDEAP) systems for delivering the S. flexneri 2a (Sf2a) O-antigen. Methods: The new Salmonella vaccine platform was constructed through chromosomal integration of the araC PBAD lacI and araC PBAD wbaP cassettes, resulting in a gradual depletion of WbaP enzyme. An expression vector, encoding Sf2a O-antigen biosynthesis under the control of the LacI-repressible Ptrc promoter, was maintained in the Salmonella vaccine strain through antibiotic-independent selection. Mice immunized with the vaccine candidates were evaluated for cell-mediate and humoral immune responses. Results: In the presence of exogenous arabinose, the Salmonella vaccine strain synthesized native Salmonella LPS as a consequence of WbaP expression. Moreover, arabinose supported LacI expression, thereby repressing Sf2a O-antigen production. In the absence of arabinose in vivo, native Salmonella LPS synthesis is repressed whilst the synthesis of the Sf2a O-antigen is induced. Murine immunization with the Salmonella vaccine strain elicited robust Sf2a-specific protective immune responses together with long term immunity. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the protective efficacy of recombinant Sf2a O-antigen delivered by a Salmonella vaccine platform.
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19
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Allen R, Rittmann BE, Curtiss R. Axenic Biofilm Formation and Aggregation by Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 Are Induced by Changes in Nutrient Concentration and Require Cell Surface Structures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02192-18. [PMID: 30709828 PMCID: PMC6585507 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02192-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms are key to nutrient cycling in natural environments and bioremediation technologies, but few studies describe biofilm formation by pure (axenic) cultures of a phototrophic microbe. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (here Synechocystis) is a model microorganism for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and biofuel production. We report here that wild-type (WT) Synechocystis caused extensive biofilm formation in a 2,000-liter outdoor nonaxenic photobioreactor under conditions attributed to nutrient limitation. We developed a biofilm assay and found that axenic Synechocystis forms biofilms of cells and extracellular material but only when cells are induced by an environmental signal, such as a reduction in the concentration of growth medium BG11. Mutants lacking cell surface structures, namely type IV pili and the S-layer, do not form biofilms. To further characterize the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell binding by Synechocystis, we also developed a rapid (8-h) axenic aggregation assay. Mutants lacking type IV pili were unable to aggregate, but mutants lacking a homolog to Wza, a protein required for type 1 exopolysaccharide export in Escherichia coli, had a superbinding phenotype. In WT cultures, 1.2× BG11 medium induced aggregation to the same degree as 0.8× BG11 medium. Overall, our data support that Wza-dependent exopolysaccharide is essential to maintain stable, uniform suspensions of WT Synechocystis cells in unmodified growth medium and that this mechanism is counteracted in a pilus-dependent manner under altered BG11 concentrations.IMPORTANCE Microbes can exist as suspensions of individual cells in liquids and also commonly form multicellular communities attached to surfaces. Surface-attached communities, called biofilms, can confer antibiotic resistance to pathogenic bacteria during infections and establish food webs for global nutrient cycling in the environment. Phototrophic biofilm formation is one of the earliest phenotypes visible in the fossil record, dating back over 3 billion years. Despite the importance and ubiquity of phototrophic biofilms, most of what we know about the molecular mechanisms, genetic regulation, and environmental signals of biofilm formation comes from studies of heterotrophic bacteria. We aim to help bridge this knowledge gap by developing new assays for Synechocystis, a phototrophic cyanobacterium used to study oxygenic photosynthesis and biofuel production. With the aid of these new assays, we contribute to the development of Synechocystis as a model organism for the study of axenic phototrophic biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey Allen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Swette Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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20
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Bellefleur MPA, Wanda SY, Curtiss R. Correction to: characterizing active transportation mechanisms for free fatty acids and antibiotics in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:12. [PMID: 30760266 PMCID: PMC6374888 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P A Bellefleur
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA. .,Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan.
| | - Soo-Young Wanda
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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21
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Bellefleur MPA, Wanda SY, Curtiss R. Characterizing active transportation mechanisms for free fatty acids and antibiotics in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30630457 PMCID: PMC6329066 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a photosynthetic bacterium that has been genetically modified to produce industrially relevant chemicals, yet efflux mechanisms have not been well elucidated. These photosynthetic organisms live in environments that are often nutrient limited; therefore, the genome of these organisms encodes far fewer proteins used for efflux of chemicals when compared to members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Understanding efflux mechanisms can lead to a greater efficiency of chemical production within the cyanobacterial cell. RESULTS Both sll0180 and slr2131 genes that encode the Sll0180 and Slr2131 proteins, respectively, were removed from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and SD277, a high fatty acid-producing Synechocystis-based strain, to test the hypothesis that Sll0180 and Slr2131 contribute to the efflux of chemicals out of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and SD277. The mutant Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and SD277 strains with either sll0180 or slr2131 removed from the chromosome had significantly decreased half maximal inhibitory concentrations to various antibiotics. The free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of the SD277 mutant strains increased intracellularly yet decreased extracellularly indicating that Sll0180 and Slr2131 have a role in FFA efflux. E. coli wild-type gene acrA (a homolog to sll0180) was added on a plasmid to the respective mutant strains lacking the sll0180 gene. Similarly, the E. coli wild-type gene acrB (a homolog to slr2131) was added to the respective mutant strains lacking the slr2131 gene. The tolerance to chloramphenicol of each mutant strain containing the wild-type E. coli gene was restored when compared to the parent stains. The extracellular FFA concentration of SD277 Δslr2131 with E. coli acrB increased significantly compared to both SD277 and SD277 Δslr2131. CONCLUSIONS Two proteins involved in the transportation of antibiotics and FFAs out of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cell were identified. In an effort to alleviate costs associated with mechanically or chemically separating the cells from the FFAs, the combination of genome editing of SD277 and the addition of exogenous transport gene increased extracellular concentrations of FFAs. This understanding of active transportation is critical to improving the production efficiency for all industrially relevant chemicals produced in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. A. Bellefleur
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Soo-Young Wanda
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
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22
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Sanapala S, Mosca L, Wang S, Curtiss R. Comparative evaluation of Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines derived from UK-1 and 14028S: Importance of inherent virulence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203526. [PMID: 30192849 PMCID: PMC6130210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial virulence and invasiveness of a bacterial strain may play an important role in leading to a maximally efficacious attenuated live vaccine. Here we show that χ9909, derived from Salmonella Typhimurium UK-1 χ3761 (the most virulent S. Typhimurium strain known to us), is effective in protecting mice against lethal UK-1 and 14028S (less virulent S. Typhimurium strain) challenge. As opposed to this, 14028S-derived vaccine χ12359 induces suboptimal levels of protection, with survival percentages that are significantly lower when challenged with lethal UK-1 challenge doses. T-cell assays have revealed that significantly greater levels of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α were secreted by stimulated T-lymphocytes obtained from UK-1(ΔaroA) immunized mice than those from mice immunized with 14028S(ΔaroA). In addition, UK-1(ΔaroA) showed markedly higher colonizing ability in the spleen, liver, and cecum when compared to 14028S(ΔaroA). Enumeration of bacteria in fecal pellets has also revealed that UK-1(ΔaroA) can persist in the host for over 10 days whereas 14028S(ΔaroA) titers dropped significantly by day 10. Moreover, co-infection of parent strains UK-1 and 14028S resulted in considerably greater recovery of the former in multiple mucosal and gut associated lymphatic tissues. Mice immunized with UK-1(ΔaroA) were also able to clear UK-1 infection remarkably more efficiently from the target organs than 14028S(ΔaroA). Together, these results provide ample evidence to support the hypothesis that attenuated derivatives of parent strains with higher initial virulence make better vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sanapala
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leandra Mosca
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cabello FC, Cohen SN, Curtiss R, Dougan G, van Embden J, Finlay BB, Heffron F, Helinski D, Hull R, Hull S, Isberg R, Kopecko DJ, Levy S, Mekalanos J, Ortiz JM, Rappuoli R, Roberts MC, So M, Timmis KN. Farewell Stan Stanley Falkow: 1934-2018. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2322-2333. [PMID: 30146753 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cabello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - S N Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Curtiss
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Dougan
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, Welcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - J van Embden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - B B Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Heffron
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - D Helinski
- Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Hull
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Hull
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Isberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Mekalanos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Ortiz
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - M C Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M So
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K N Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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24
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Clark-Curtiss JE, Curtiss R. Salmonella Vaccines: Conduits for Protective Antigens. J Immunol 2018; 200:39-48. [PMID: 29255088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines afford a better and more cost-effective approach to combatting infectious diseases than continued reliance on antibiotics or antiviral or antiparasite drugs in the current era of increasing incidences of diseases caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASVs) have been significantly improved to exhibit the same or better attributes than wild-type parental strains to colonize internal lymphoid tissues and persist there to serve as factories to continuously synthesize and deliver rAgs. Encoded by codon-optimized pathogen genes, Ags are selected to induce protective immunity to infection by that pathogen. After immunization through a mucosal surface, the RASV attributes maximize their abilities to elicit mucosal and systemic Ab responses and cell-mediated immune responses. This article summarizes many of the numerous innovative technologies and discoveries that have resulted in RASV platforms that will enable development of safe efficacious RASVs to protect animals and humans against a diversity of infectious disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E Clark-Curtiss
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and .,Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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25
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Mellata M, Johnson JR, Curtiss R. Escherichia coliisolates from commercial chicken meat and eggs cause sepsis, meningitis and urinary tract infection in rodent models of human infections. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:103-113. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mellata
- The Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
| | - J. R. Johnson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - R. Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
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26
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Stromberg ZR, Johnson JR, Fairbrother JM, Kilbourne J, Van Goor A, Curtiss R, Mellata M. Evaluation of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens to determine their potential risk to poultry and human health. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180599. [PMID: 28671990 PMCID: PMC5495491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are important pathogens that cause diverse diseases in humans and poultry. Some E. coli isolates from chicken feces contain ExPEC-associated virulence genes, so appear potentially pathogenic; they conceivably could be transmitted to humans through handling and/or consumption of contaminated meat. However, the actual extraintestinal virulence potential of chicken-source fecal E. coli is poorly understood. Here, we assessed whether fecal E. coli isolates from healthy production chickens could cause diseases in a chicken model of avian colibacillosis and three rodent models of ExPEC-associated human infections. From 304 E. coli isolates from chicken fecal samples, 175 E. coli isolates were screened by PCR for virulence genes associated with human-source ExPEC or avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), an ExPEC subset that causes extraintestinal infections in poultry. Selected isolates genetically identified as ExPEC and non-ExPEC isolates were assessed in vitro for virulence-associated phenotypes, and in vivo for disease-causing ability in animal models of colibacillosis, sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection. Among the study isolates, 13% (40/304) were identified as ExPEC; the majority of these were classified as APEC and uropathogenic E. coli, but none as neonatal meningitis E. coli. Multiple chicken-source fecal ExPEC isolates resembled avian and human clinical ExPEC isolates in causing one or more ExPEC-associated illnesses in experimental animal infection models. Additionally, some isolates that were classified as non-ExPEC were able to cause ExPEC-associated illnesses in animal models, and thus future studies are needed to elucidate their mechanisms of virulence. These findings show that E. coli isolates from chicken feces contain ExPEC-associated genes, exhibit ExPEC-associated in vitro phenotypes, and can cause ExPEC-associated infections in animal models, and thus may pose a health threat to poultry and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - James R Johnson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John M Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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27
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Liu Q, Liu Q, Yi J, Liang K, Hu B, Zhang X, Curtiss R, Kong Q. Outer membrane vesicles from flagellin-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induce cross-reactive immunity and provide cross-protection against heterologous Salmonella challenge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34776. [PMID: 27698383 PMCID: PMC5048178 DOI: 10.1038/srep34776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) isolated from Salmonella Typhimurium are potentially useful for developing subunit vaccines because of high immunogenicity and protective efficacy. However, flagella might remain in OMV pellets following OMV purification, resulting in non-essential immune responses and counteraction of bacterial protective immune responses when developing a vaccine against infection of multiple serotypes Salmonella. In this study, a flagellin-deficient S. Typhimurium mutant was constructed. Lipopolysaccharide profiles, protein profiles and cryo-electron microscopy revealed that there were no significant differences between the wild-type and mutant OMVs, with the exception of a large amount of flagellin in the wild-type OMVs. Neither the wild-type OMVs nor the non-flagellin OMVs were toxic to macrophages. Mice immunized with the non-flagellin OMVs produced high concentrations of IgG. The non-flagellin OMVs elicited strong mucosal antibody responses in mice when administered via the intranasal route in addition to provoking higher cross-reactive immune responses against OMPs isolated from S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis. Both intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization with the non-flagellin OMVs provided efficient protection against heterologous S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge. Our results indicate that the flagellin-deficient OMVs may represent a new vaccine platform that could be exploited to facilitate the production of a broadly protective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kang Liang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | - Qingke Kong
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
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28
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Sanapala S, Rahav H, Patel H, Sun W, Curtiss R. Multiple antigens of Yersinia pestis delivered by live recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains elicit protective immunity against plague. Vaccine 2016; 34:2410-2416. [PMID: 27060051 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on our improved novel Salmonella vaccine delivery platform, we optimized the recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine (RASV) χ12094 to deliver multiple Yersinia pestis antigens. These included LcrV196 (amino acids, 131-326), Psn encoded on pYA5383 and F1 encoded in the chromosome, their synthesis did not cause adverse effects on bacterial growth. Oral immunization with χ12094(pYA5383) simultaneously stimulated high antibody titers to LcrV, Psn and F1 in mice and presented complete protection against both subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) challenges with high lethal doses of Y. pestis CO92. Moreover, no deaths or other disease symptoms were observed in SCID mice orally immunized with χ12094(pYA5383) over a 60-day period. Therefore, the trivalent S. typhimurium-based live vaccine shows promise for a next-generation plague vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sanapala
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hannah Rahav
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hetal Patel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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29
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Castillo-Chavez C, Curtiss R, Daszak P, Levin SA, Patterson-Lomba O, Perrings C, Poste G, Towers S. Beyond Ebola: lessons to mitigate future pandemics. Lancet Glob Health 2016; 3:e354-5. [PMID: 26087978 PMCID: PMC7128928 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Castillo-Chavez
- The Simon A Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Biodesign Institute, and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Simon A Levin
- The Simon A Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Oscar Patterson-Lomba
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Perrings
- School of Life Sciences, and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - George Poste
- Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sherry Towers
- The Simon A Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Abstract
Bacteria-mediated tumor therapy using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a therapeutic option with great potential. Numerous studies explored the potential of Salmonella Typhimurium for therapeutic applications, however reconciling safety with vectorial efficacy remains a major issue. Recently we have described a conditionally attenuated Salmonella vector that is based on genetic lipopolysaccharide modification. This vector combines strong attenuation with appropriate anti-tumor properties by targeting various cancerous tissues in vivo. Therefore, it was promoted as an anti-tumor agent. In this addendum, we summarize these findings and demonstrate additional optimization steps that may further improve the therapeutic efficacy of our vector strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Junior Research Group Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Martin T, Diaz I, Kilbourne J, Almarza O, Segovia C, Curtiss R, Santander J. Influence of lipopolysaccharide outer-core in the intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides and virulence in Edwardsiella ictaluri. Microb Pathog 2016; 93:204-12. [PMID: 26945561 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella consists of bacteria with an intrinsic resistance to cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Edwardsiella ictaluri, a pathogen of the catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the causative agent of a systemic infection, is highly resistant to CAMPs. Previously, we determined that the oligo-polysaccharide (O-PS) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) does not play a role in the E. ictaluri CAMP resistance and an intact core-lipid A structure is necessary for CAMPs resistance. Here, we evaluated the influence of the outer-core in the CAMPs resistance and fish virulence. E. ictaluri wabG, a gene that encodes for the UDP-glucuronic acid transferase that links the lipid A-inner-core to the outer-core-oligopolysaccharides, was deleted. Deletion of ΔwabG caused a pleiotropic effect, influencing LPS synthesis, CAMPs resistance, growth, and biofilm formation. E. ictaluri ΔwabG was attenuated in zebrafish indicating the important role of LPS during fish pathogenesis. Also, we evaluated the inflammatory effects of wabG LPS in catfish ligated loop model, showing a decreased inflammatory effect at the gut level respects to the E. ictaluri wild type. We conclude that E. ictaluri CAMPs resistance is related to the molecules present in the LPS outer-core and that fish gut inflammation triggered by E. ictaluri is LPS dependent, reinforcing the hypothesis that fish gut recognizes LPS in an O-PS dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Martin
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ignacia Diaz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Oscar Almarza
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Cristopher Segovia
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; PhD Program in Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Javier Santander
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile.
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32
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Jiang Y, Mo H, Willingham C, Wang S, Park JY, Kong W, Roland KL, Curtiss R. Protection Against Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens by Regulated Delayed Lysis Salmonella Vaccines. Avian Dis 2016; 59:475-85. [PMID: 26629620 DOI: 10.1637/11094-041715-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Gram-positive Clostridium perfringens type A strains, has gained more attention in the broiler industry due to governmental restrictions affecting the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in feed. To date, there is only one commercial NE vaccine available, based on the C. perfringens alpha toxin. However, recent work has suggested that the NetB toxin, not alpha toxin, is the most critical virulence factor for causing NE. These findings notwithstanding, it is clear from prior research that immune responses against both toxins can provide some protection against NE. In this study, we delivered a carboxyl-terminal fragment of alpha toxin and a GST-NetB fusion protein using a novel attenuated Salmonella vaccine strain designed to lyse after 6-10 rounds of replication in the chicken host. We immunized birds with vaccine strains producing each protein individually, a mixture of the two strains, or with a single vaccine strain that produced both proteins. Immunization with strains producing either of the single proteins was not protective, but immunization with a mixture of the two or with a single strain producing both proteins resulted in protective immunity. The vaccine strain synthesizing both PlcC and GST-NetB was able to elicit strong production of intestinal IgA, IgY, and IgM antibodies and significantly protect broilers against C. perfringens challenge against both mild and severe challenges. Although not part of our experimental plan, the broiler chicks we obtained for these studies were apparently contaminated during transit from the hatchery with group D Salmonella. Despite this drawback, the vaccines worked well, indicating applicability to real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Hua Mo
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Crystal Willingham
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Shifeng Wang
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Jie-Yeun Park
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Wei Kong
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Kenneth L Roland
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Roy Curtiss
- A Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.,B School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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33
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Sun W, Sanapala S, Rahav H, Curtiss R. Oral administration of a recombinant attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain elicits protective immunity against plague. Vaccine 2015; 33:6727-35. [PMID: 26514425 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1+ (Yptb PB1+) mutant strain combined with chromosome insertion of the caf1R-caf1A-caf1M-caf1 operon and deletions of yopJ and yopK, χ10068 [pYV-ω2 (ΔyopJ315 ΔyopK108) ΔlacZ044::caf1R-caf1M-caf1A-caf1] was constructed. Results indicated that gene insertion and deletion did not affect the growth rate of χ10068 compared to wild-type Yptb cultured at 26 °C. In addition, the F1 antigen in χ10068 was synthesized and secreted on the surface of bacteria at 37 °C (mammalian body temperature), not at ambient culture temperature (26 °C). Immunization with χ10068 primed antibody responses and specific T-cell responses to F1 and YpL (Y. pestis whole cell lysate). Oral immunization with a single dose of χ10068 provided 70% protection against a subcutaneous (s.c.) challenge with ∼ 2.6 × 10(5) LD50 of Y. pestis KIM6+ (pCD1Ap) (KIM6+Ap) and 90% protection against an intranasal (i.n.) challenge with ∼ 500 LD50 of KIM6+Ap in mice. Our results suggest that χ10068 can be used as an effective precursor to make a safe vaccine to prevent plague in humans and to eliminate plague circulation among humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Shilpa Sanapala
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hannah Rahav
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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34
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Powell DA, Roberts LM, Ledvina HE, Sempowski GD, Curtiss R, Frelinger JA. Distinct innate responses are induced by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutants. Cell Immunol 2015; 299:42-9. [PMID: 26546408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Upon bacterial infection the host cells generate a wide variety of cytokines. Genetic attenuation of bacterial physiological pathogens can be accomplished not only by disruption of normal bacterial processes, but also by the loss of the ability to redirect the host immune system. We examined nine attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium mutants for their ability to replicate as well as the cytokines produced after infection of Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM). Infection of BMDM with attenuated Salmonella mutants led to host cytokine patterns distinct from those that followed WT infection. Surprisingly, each bacterial mutant had a unique cytokine signature. Because some of the mutants induced an IL-10 response not seen in WT, we examined the role of IL-10 on Salmonella replication. Surprisingly, addition of IL-10 before or concurrent with infection restricted growth of WT Salmonella in BMDM. Bacterial attenuation is not a single process and results in attenuated host responses, which result in unique patterns for each attenuated mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Powell
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States.
| | - Lydia M Roberts
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
| | - Hannah E Ledvina
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
| | | | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Frelinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
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Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum causes fowl typhoid, recognized worldwide as an economically important disease. The current vaccine, 9R, lacks a complete O antigen, which is a Salmonella virulence factor, and, in addition, has a number of other less well characterized chromosomal mutations. For optimal efficacy, 9R is administered by injection. In an effort to develop a vaccine suitable for oral administration, we constructed Salmonella Gallinarum strains with a reversible O-antigen phenotype. In this scenario, the vaccine strain produces full-length O antigen at the time it is administered to birds. After the vaccine has had time to colonize internal lymphoid tissues, the O-antigen is gradually lost, resulting in an attenuated strain. We found that strains carrying single mutations conferring this phenotype, Apmi and arabinose-regulated rfc, retained virulence. However, a mutant strain carrying both of these mutations was completely attenuated and immunogenic in chickens. This work demonstrates a novel approach for developing live Salmonella vaccines for poultry.
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Zhang X, Curtiss R. Efficient generation of influenza virus with a mouse RNA polymerase I-driven all-in-one plasmid. Virol J 2015; 12:95. [PMID: 26093583 PMCID: PMC4495709 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current influenza vaccines are effective against seasonal influenza, but cannot be manufactured in a timely manner for a sudden pandemic or to be cost-effective to immunize huge flocks of birds. We propose a novel influenza vaccine composing a bacterial carrier and a plasmid cargo. In the immunized subjects, the bacterial carrier invades and releases its cargo into host cells where the plasmid expresses viral RNAs and proteins for reconstitution of attenuated influenza virus. Here we aimed to construct a mouse PolI-driven plasmid for efficient production of influenza virus. RESULTS A plasmid was constructed to express all influenza viral RNAs and proteins. This all-in-one plasmid resulted in 10(5)-10(6) 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/mL of influenza A virus in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells on the third day post-transfection, and also reconstituted influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A 6-unit plasmid was constructed by deleting the HA and NA cassettes from the all-in-one plasmid. Cotransfection of BHK-21 cells with the 6-unit plasmid and the two other plasmids encoding the HA or NA genes resulted in influenza virus titers similar to those produced by the 1-plasmid method. CONCLUSIONS An all-in-one plasmid and a 3-plasmid murine PolI-driven reverse genetics systems were developed, and efficiently reconstituted influenza virus in BHK-21 cells. The all-in-one plasmid may serve as a tool to determine the factors inhibiting virus generation from a large size plasmid. In addition, we recommend a simple and robust "1 + 2" approach to generate influenza vaccine seed virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0880, USA.
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Frahm M, Felgner S, Kocijancic D, Rohde M, Hensel M, Curtiss R, Erhardt M, Weiss S. Efficiency of conditionally attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in bacterium-mediated tumor therapy. mBio 2015; 6:e00254-15. [PMID: 25873375 PMCID: PMC4453544 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00254-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing numbers of cancer cases generate a great urge for new treatment options. Applying bacteria like Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for cancer therapy represents an intensively explored option. These bacteria have been shown not only to colonize solid tumors but also to exhibit an intrinsic antitumor effect. In addition, they could serve as tumor-targeting vectors for therapeutic molecules. However, the pathogenic S. Typhimurium strains used for tumor therapy need to be attenuated for safe application. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deletion mutants (ΔrfaL, ΔrfaG, ΔrfaH, ΔrfaD, ΔrfaP, and ΔmsbB mutants) of Salmonella were investigated for efficiency in tumor therapy. Of such variants, the ΔrfaD and ΔrfaG deep rough mutants exhibited the best tumor specificity and lowest pathogenicity. However, the intrinsic antitumor effect was found to be weak. To overcome this limitation, conditional attenuation was tested by complementing the mutants with an inducible arabinose promoter. The chromosomal integration of the respective LPS biosynthesis genes into the araBAD locus exhibited the best balance of attenuation and therapeutic benefit. Thus, the present study establishes a basis for the development of an applicably cancer therapeutic bacterium. IMPORTANCE Cancer has become the second most frequent cause of death in industrialized countries. This and the drawbacks of routine therapies generate an urgent need for novel treatment options. Applying appropriately modified S. Typhimurium for therapy represents the major challenge of bacterium-mediated tumor therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that Salmonella bacteria conditionally modified in their LPS phenotype exhibit a safe tumor-targeting phenotype. Moreover, they could represent a suitable vehicle to shuttle therapeutic compounds directly into cancerous tissue without harming the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Junior Research Group Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Brenneman KE, Gonzales A, Roland KL, Curtiss R. Use of Ensure® nutrition shakes as an alternative formulation method for live recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Typhi vaccines. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:76. [PMID: 25879849 PMCID: PMC4391280 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To be effective, orally administered live Salmonella vaccines must first survive their encounter with the low pH environment of the stomach. To enhance survival, an antacid is often given to neutralize the acidic environment of the stomach just prior to or concomitant with administration of the vaccine. One drawback of this approach, from the perspective of the clinical trial volunteer, is that the taste of a bicarbonate-based acid neutralization system can be unpleasant. Thus, we explored an alternative method that would be at least as effective as bicarbonate and with a potentially more acceptable taste. Because ingestion of protein can rapidly buffer stomach pH, we examined the possibility that the protein-rich Ensure® Nutrition shakes would be effective alternatives to bicarbonate. Results We tested one Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and three Salmonella Typhi vaccine strains and found that all strains survived equally well when incubated in either Ensure® or bicarbonate. In a low gastric pH mouse model, Ensure® worked as well or better than bicarbonate to enhance survival through the intestinal tract, although neither agent enhanced the survival of the S. Typhi test strain possessing a rpoS mutation. Conclusions Our data show that a protein-rich drink such as Ensure® Nutrition shakes can serve as an alternative to bicarbonate for reducing gastric pH prior to administration of a live Salmonella vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Brenneman
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Present address - 23andMe, Inc, 1390 Shorebird Way, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
| | - Amanda Gonzales
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Kenneth L Roland
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Zhang X, Kong W, Wanda SY, Xin W, Alamuri P, Curtiss R. Generation of influenza virus from avian cells infected by Salmonella carrying the viral genome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119041. [PMID: 25742162 PMCID: PMC4351096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic poultry serve as intermediates for transmission of influenza A virus from the wild aquatic bird reservoir to humans, resulting in influenza outbreaks in poultry and potential epidemics/pandemics among human beings. To combat emerging avian influenza virus, an inexpensive, heat-stable, and orally administered influenza vaccine would be useful to vaccinate large commercial poultry flocks and even migratory birds. Our hypothesized vaccine is a recombinant attenuated bacterial strain able to mediate production of attenuated influenza virus in vivo to induce protective immunity against influenza. Here we report the feasibility and technical limitations toward such an ideal vaccine based on our exploratory study. Five 8-unit plasmids carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene or free of an antibiotic resistance marker were constructed. Influenza virus was successfully generated in avian cells transfected by each of the plasmids. The Salmonella carrier was engineered to allow stable maintenance and conditional release of the 8-unit plasmid into the avian cells for recovery of influenza virus. Influenza A virus up to 10⁷ 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml were recovered from 11 out of 26 co-cultures of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells upon infection by the recombinant Salmonella carrying the 8-unit plasmid. Our data prove that a bacterial carrier can mediate generation of influenza virus by delivering its DNA cargoes into permissive host cells. Although we have made progress in developing this Salmonella influenza virus vaccine delivery system, further improvements are necessary to achieve efficient virus production, especially in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Zhang
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Kong
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Soo-Young Wanda
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Wei Xin
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Praveen Alamuri
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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Abadie V, Abraham C, Adams DH, Agace WW, Alexander-Brett J, Alkhairy O, Ambite I, Anderson DJ, Artis D, Atmar RL, Aymeric L, Bachert C, Bakema JE, Baker K, Beagley KW, Befus A, Bemark M, Berin MC, Berings M, Berzofsky JA, Bilej M, Biswas N, Blumberg RS, Bienenstock J, Bogdanos D, Boirivant M, Boonnak K, Bracke KR, Brandtzaeg P, Braun J, Bringer MA, Broadbent AJ, Bronson R, Brusselle GG, Bulmer JN, Butler J, Cardenas PA, Cebra JJ, Cella M, Cerutti A, Challacombe SJ, Chattha K, Cheroutre H, Chiba T, Chorny A, Clements JD, Colonna M, Cookson WO, Corbeil LB, Corthésy B, Cripps AW, van Crombruggen K, Pires da Cunha A, Cunningham-Rundles S, Curtiss R, Darfeuille-Michaud A, de Jonge WJ, Deban L, Denning TL, Di Santo JP, Diefenbach A, DiRita VJ, Downey J, Du MQ, Edelblum KL, van Egmond M, Epple HJ, Fagarasan S, Fahey JV, Ferris MJ, Fichtner-Feigl S, Fidel PL, Flach M, Flavell R, Fleit HB, Franchini G, Freytag LC, Fuchs A, Fujihashi K, Fuss IJ, Gagliani N, Garcia MR, Garrett WS, Gershwin ME, Gevaert P, Gleeson M, Godaly G, Goldblum RM, Gour N, Gursel M, Hajishengallis G, Hammad H, Hammarström L, Hänninen A, Hanson LÅ, Hayday A, Herzog R, Hodgins DC, Holgate ST, Holmgren J, Holtzman MJ, Hook EW, Huber S, Hurwitz JL, Ivanyi J, Iwasaki A, Jabri B, Jackson S, Jacobs J, Jalkanen S, Janoff EN, Jerse AE, Jeyanathan M, Julian BA, Kacskovics I, Kaetzel CS, Kaushic C, Kelsall BL, Kessans S, Kesselring R, Kilian M, Kiyono H, Klinman DM, Korotkova M, Kronenberg M, Krysko O, Kurono Y, Kverka M, Lambrecht BN, Lamm ME, Lantz O, Lash GE, Lavelle E, Lefrancois L, Leung PS, Levine MM, Lim DJ, Lippolis J, Louis NA, Luster AD, Lutay N, Lycke N, Macpherson AJ, Mantis NJ, Marcotte H, Martin DH, Mason HS, Massa HM, Matoba N, Mayer L, Maynard CL, McElrath MJ, McEntee C, McGhee JR, McGuckin MA, Mestecky J, Mikhak Z, Miller RD, Moldoveanu Z, Montgomery PC, Mor T, Neurath MF, Neyt K, Nicholson LK, Novak J, Nowicki S, O’Hagan D, O’Sullivan NL, Ogra P, Orihuela C, Ouellette AJ, Owen RL, Pabst O, Parkos CA, Parreño V, Patel MV, Perez-Novo C, Perkins DJ, Prussin C, Pudney J, Raghavan S, Rainard P, Ramani S, Randall TD, Raska M, Renukaradhya GJ, Rescigno M, Rosenthal KL, Rothenberg ME, Ruemmele FM, Russell MW, Saif LJ, Salinas I, Salmi M, Salmon H, Sampson HA, Sansonetti P, Schneider T, Serafini N, Sharma D, Shen Z, Shi HN, Shirlaw PJ, Shivhare SB, Smith PD, Smith PM, Smith DJ, Smythies LE, Spencer J, Strober W, Subbarao K, Svanborg C, Svennerholm AM, Taubman MA, Telemo E, Thornhill MH, Thornton DJ, Thuenemann E, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Tristram D, Trivedi P, Tuomanen E, Turanek J, Turner JR, Underdown BJ, van Helden MJ, Veazey RS, Verdu EF, Vlasova A, Vliagoftis H, Vogel SN, Walker WA, Wang X, Watanabe T, Weaver CT, Weiner HL, Wells JM, Wen T, Whittum-Hudson J, Whitsett JA, Williams IR, Wills-Karp M, Wira CR, Woof JM, Wotherspoon AC, Xing Z, Xu H, Zaph C, Zeissig S, Zeitz M. Contributors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Contemporary vaccine development relies less on empirical methods of vaccine construction, and now employs a powerful array of precise engineering strategies to construct immunogenic live vaccines. In this review, we will survey various engineering techniques used to create attenuated vaccines, with an emphasis on recent advances and insights. We will further explore the adaptation of attenuated strains to create multivalent vaccine platforms for immunization against multiple unrelated pathogens. These carrier vaccines are engineered to deliver sufficient levels of protective antigens to appropriate lymphoid inductive sites to elicit both carrier-specific and foreign antigen-specific immunity. Although many of these technologies were originally developed for use in Salmonella vaccines, application of the essential logic of these approaches will be extended to development of other enteric vaccines where possible. A central theme driving our discussion will stress that the ultimate success of an engineered vaccine rests on achieving the proper balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. Achieving this balance will avoid over-activation of inflammatory responses, which results in unacceptable reactogenicity, but will retain sufficient metabolic fitness to enable the live vaccine to reach deep tissue inductive sites and trigger protective immunity. The breadth of examples presented herein will clearly demonstrate that genetic engineering offers the potential for rapidly propelling vaccine development forward into novel applications and therapies which will significantly expand the role of vaccines in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Dankel DJ, Roland KL, Fisher M, Brenneman K, Delgado A, Santander J, Baek CH, Clark-Curtiss J, Strand R, Curtiss R. Making Common Sense of Vaccines: An Example of Discussing the Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine with the Public. Nanoethics 2014; 8:179-185. [PMID: 25152775 PMCID: PMC4129221 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-014-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have iterated that the future of synthetic biology and biotechnology lies in novel consumer applications of crossing biology with engineering. However, if the new biology's future is to be sustainable, early and serious efforts must be made towards social sustainability. Therefore, the crux of new applications of synthetic biology and biotechnology is public understanding and acceptance. The RASVaccine is a novel recombinant design not found in nature that re-engineers a common bacteria (Salmonella) to produce a strong immune response in humans. Synthesis of the RASVaccine has the potential to improve public health as an inexpensive, non-injectable product. But how can scientists move forward to create a dialogue of creating a 'common sense' of this new technology in order to promote social sustainability? This paper delves into public issues raised around these novel technologies and uses the RASVaccine as an example of meeting the public with a common sense of its possibilities and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J. Dankel
- The Centre for the Study of the Science and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Allégaten 34, Post Box 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth L. Roland
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Michael Fisher
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Karen Brenneman
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Ana Delgado
- The Centre for the Study of the Science and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Allégaten 34, Post Box 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Javier Santander
- Nucleus for Microbiology and Immunity, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and The School of Life Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Chile and Arizona State University, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, 8580745 Chile
| | - Chang-Ho Baek
- Synthetic Biology R&D, Bioscience Division, Life Science Solutions Group (LSG), Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
| | - Josephine Clark-Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Roger Strand
- The Centre for the Study of the Science and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Allégaten 34, Post Box 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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Kupz A, Curtiss R, Bedoui S, Strugnell RA. In vivo IFN-γ secretion by NK cells in response to Salmonella typhimurium requires NLRC4 inflammasomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97418. [PMID: 24827856 PMCID: PMC4020851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical part of the innate immune defense against viral infections and for the control of tumors. Much less is known about how NK cells contribute to anti-bacterial immunity. NK cell-produced interferon gamma (IFN-γ) contributes to the control of early exponential replication of bacterial pathogens, however the regulation of these events remains poorly resolved. Using a mouse model of invasive Salmonellosis, here we report that the activation of the intracellular danger sensor NLRC4 by Salmonella-derived flagellin within CD11c+ cells regulates early IFN-γ secretion by NK cells through the provision of interleukin 18 (IL-18), independently of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling. Although IL18-signalling deficient NK cells improved host protection during S. Typhimurium infection, this increased resistance was inferior to that provided by wild-type NK cells. These findings suggest that although NLRC4 inflammasome-driven secretion of IL18 serves as a potent activator of NK cell mediated IFN-γ secretion, IL18-independent NK cell-mediated mechanisms of IFN-γ secretion contribute to in vivo control of Salmonella replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kupz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Queensland Tropical Health Alliance Research Laboratory, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A. Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang Y, Kong Q, Roland KL, Curtiss R. Membrane vesicles of Clostridium perfringens type A strains induce innate and adaptive immunity. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:431-43. [PMID: 24631214 PMCID: PMC4285460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle shedding from bacteria is a universal process in most Gram-negative bacteria and a few Gram-positive bacteria. In this report, we isolate extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) from the supernatants of Gram-positive pathogen Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). We demonstrated vesicle production in a variety of virulent and nonvirulent type A strains. MVs did not contain alpha-toxin and NetB toxin demonstrated by negative reaction to specific antibody and absence of specific proteins identified by LC-MS/MS. C. perfringens MVs contained DNA components such as 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA), alpha-toxin gene (plc) and the perfringolysin O gene (pfoA) demonstrated by PCR. We also identified a total of 431 proteins in vesicles by 1-D gel separation and LC-MS/MS analysis. In vitro studies demonstrated that vesicles could be internalized into murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells without direct cytotoxicity effects, causing release of inflammation cytokines including granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which could also be detected in mice injected with MVs through intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Mice immunized with C. perfringens MVs produced high titer IgG, especially IgG1, antibodies against C. perfringens membrane proteins. However, this kind of antibody could not provide protection in mice following challenge, though it could slightly postpone the time of death. Our results indicate that release of MVs from C. perfringens could provide a previously unknown mechanism to induce release of inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qingke Kong
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kenneth L Roland
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Jiang Y, Kong Q, Roland KL, Wolf A, Curtiss R. Multiple effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on growth, biofilm formation, and inflammation cytokines profile of Clostridium perfringens type A strain CP4. Pathog Dis 2014; 70:390-400. [PMID: 24532573 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important Gram-positive pathogen responsible for food poisoning, necrotic enteritis, gas gangrene, and even death. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a well-characterized probiotic strain with demonstrated benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of EcN on growth, toxin production, biofilm formation, and inflammatory cytokine responses of C. perfringens. In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that EcN inhibited growth, gas production, and toxin production (α-toxin and NetB) of C. perfringens in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition effect was not observed when C. perfringens was incubated with EcN cell-free supernatants (CFSE), suggesting that growth inhibition was caused by nutrition competition during co-incubation. In vitro studies demonstrated that pre-incubation with EcN did not inhibit C. perfringens attachment to Caco-2 cells, but did reduce C. perfringens total number, toxin production, and cytotoxicity after 24 h. The similar growth inhibition results were also observed during the formation of C. perfringens biofilm. Finally, pre-incubation of EcN with RAW264.7 cells significantly decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines caused by the introduction of C. perfringens. Our results indicate that EcN can inhibit many of the pathological effects of C. perfringens in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Sun W, Curtiss R. Rational Considerations about Development of Live Attenuated Yersinia pestis Vaccines. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2014; 14:878-86. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201014666131226122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pei Y, Parreira VR, Roland KL, Curtiss R, Prescott JF. Assessment of attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains in controlling experimental Salmonella Typhimurium infection in chickens. Can J Vet Res 2014; 78:23-30. [PMID: 24396177 PMCID: PMC3878005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella hold considerable promise as vaccine delivery vectors for heterologous antigens in chickens. Such vaccines have the potential additional benefit of also controlling Salmonella infection in immunized birds. As a way of selecting attenuated strains with optimal immunogenic potential as antigen delivery vectors, this study screened 20 novel Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine strains, differing in mutations associated with delayed antigen synthesis and delayed attenuation, for their efficacy in controlling colonization by virulent Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as for their persistence in the intestine and the spleen. Marked differences were observed between strains in these characteristics, which provide the basis for selection for further study as vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John F. Prescott
- Address all correspondence to Dr. John F. Prescott; telephone: (519) 824-4120 ext. 54716; fax: (519) 824-5930; e-mail:
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Fisher ML, Sun W, Curtiss R. The route less taken: pulmonary models of enteric Gram-negative infection. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:99-109. [PMID: 24259516 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens are capable of causing a fulminant infection in pulmonary tissues of mammals. Animal models have provided an extensive understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis as well as host immune response in the lungs. Many clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria are host-restricted. Thus, the powerful, informative tools of mouse models are not available for study with these organisms. However, over the past 30 years, enterprising work has demonstrated the utility of pulmonary infection with enteric pathogens. Such infection models have increased our understanding host-pathogen interactions in these organisms. Here, we provide a review and comparison of lung models of infection with enteric, Gram-negative bacteria relative to naturally occurring lung pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Fisher
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Guan L, Santander J, Mellata M, Zhang Y, Curtiss R. Identification of an iron acquisition machinery in Flavobacterium columnare. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 106:129-138. [PMID: 24113246 DOI: 10.3354/dao02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare, a fastidious Gram-negative pathogen and the causative agent of columnaris disease, is one of the most harmful pathogens in the freshwater fish-farming industry. Nevertheless the virulence mechanisms of F. columnare are not well understood. Bacterial iron uptake from the host during infection is an important mechanism of virulence. Here we identified and analyzed part of the iron uptake machinery of F. columnare. Under iron-limited conditions during in vitro growth, synthesis of an outer membrane protein of ~86 kDa was upregulated. This protein was identified as a TonB-dependent ferrichrome-iron receptor precursor (FhuA). Synthesis of siderophores in F. columnare was corroborated by chrome azurol S assays. A putative ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein was also identified in the F. columnare genome. Structural analysis of the F. columnare Fur protein revealed that it was similar to Fur proteins involved in iron uptake regulation of other bacteria. Furthermore, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) Δfur mutants were partially complemented by the F. columnare fur gene. We conclude that a siderophore-mediated iron uptake system exists in F. columnare, and fur from F. columnare could partially complement S. Typhimurium Δfur mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Guan
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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