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Bayraktar E, Aydin O, Tali HE, Yilmaz SG, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Bamac OE, Ozturk A, Erdem A, Kelleci M, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Yilmaz H, Iqbal M. Molecular characterisation of fowl adenovirus associated with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in broiler and layer breeders in Azerbaijan. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:244. [PMID: 38849870 PMCID: PMC11157802 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fowl adenovirus-4 is a causative agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in chickens and has been frequently reported from many countries. Fowl adenoviruses cause severe disease and mortality in broiler and layer breeders in Azerbaijan. Therefore, in this study, pathological lesions and the dissemination of fowl adenovirus-4 into the visceral organs of infected birds were investigated as well as molecular characterisation of detected strains. For this, liver, heart and spleen from 20 necropsied chickens originated from a broiler breeder flock and a layer breeder flock were embeded on the FTA cards and the samples were analysed for adenovirus-DNA by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS The findings of necropsy in both broiler and layer breeder chickens were similar, and the liver was severely effected showing hepatitis, and the heart with hydropericardium lesions. The kidneys were swollen with haemorrhages and small white foci on the surface of the spleens were noted. Intestinal congestion and ecchymotic hemorrhages were also observed in some birds. Fowl adenovirus-4-DNA was detected by PCR in all collected organs of 20 birds. The sequence analysis revealed that fowl adenovirus-4 present in Azerbaijan and close similarity of the hexon genes of the adenoviruses existing in the Middle East, North America, far east and Indian subcontinent were determined by phylogenetic analysis. However, sequence diversity was detected from the adenovirus strains circulating in Europe, North and South America. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the impact of fowl adenovirus-4 on the poultry health and production, and improved disease control and prevention strategies are necessary to reduce the HHS disease in chickens in Azerbaijan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Semaha Gul Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Akay Ozturk
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Division, Maslak, Türkiye
| | - Altug Erdem
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Division, Maslak, Türkiye
| | - Metin Kelleci
- Kartallar Veterinary Consultancy Company, Bursa, Türkiye
| | | | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
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Trevisol IM, Caron L, Mores MAZ, Voss-Rech D, da Silva Zani G, Back A, Marchesi JAP, Esteves PA. Pathogenicity of GI-23 Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051200. [PMID: 37243283 DOI: 10.3390/v15051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IBV variants belonging to the GI-23 lineage have circulated since 1998 in the Middle East and have spread to several countries over time. In Brazil, the first report of GI-23 occurred in 2022. The study aimed to evaluate the in vivo pathogenicity of exotic variant GI-23 isolates. Biological samples were screening by real-time RT-PCR and classified in to GI-1 or G1-11 lineages. Interestingly, 47.77% were not classified in these lineages. Nine of the unclassified strains were sequenced and showed a high similarity to the GI-23 strain. All nine were isolated and three, were studied for pathogenicity. At necropsy, the main observations were the presence of mucus in the trachea and congestion in the tracheal mucosa. In addition, lesions on the tracheas showed marked ciliostasis, and the ciliary activity confirmed the high pathogenicity of isolates. This variant is highly pathogenic to the upper respiratory tract and can cause severe kidney lesions. This study confirm a circulation of GI-23 strain in the country and report, to first time, the isolation of an exotic variant of IBV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel da Silva Zani
- Department of Veterinary Preventive, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Alberto Back
- MercoLab Laboratórios, Cascavel 85816-280, PR, Brazil
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Transcriptome analysis of breast muscle and liver in full-sibling hybrid broilers at different ages. Gene 2022; 842:146801. [PMID: 35961440 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In China, the production mode of hybrid broilers with meat-type chicken as male parent and egg-type chicken as female parent is common, but few studies pay attention to the economic characteristics of hybrid broilers. In this experiment, we constructed a full-sib F1 population (n = 57) from male Recursive White broiler and female Lohmann Pink layer. Total 6, 6 and 7 hybrid broilers at days 1, 28 and 56 were selected randomly to collect breast muscle and liver tissues, respectively. After performing strand-specific RNA-Seq on these samples, we obtained 252.12 Gb sequencing data. Principal component analysis presented that the effects of different factors on gene expression were as below: tissue difference > age difference > sex difference. The ten genes with the highest expression in breast muscle were GAPDH, ACTA1, ATP2B3, COII, ATP6, COX3, COX1, MYL1, TNNI2 and ENSGALG00000042024. Through the analysis of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between different ages, we found that the number of DETs decreased progressively with the prolongation of ages in breast muscle. The same results were also observed in liver. GO enrichment analysis of DETs demonstrated that total 11 BP terms closely related to growth and development of breast muscle were annotated, such as cardiac muscle contract, muscle contract, cell division and so on. KEGG annotation presented that total 5 pathways related to growth and development were determined in breast muscle, including Cell cycle, Insulin signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Focal adhesion and Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. Our results may provide theoretical foundation for hybrid broiler production.
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Ghetas AM. Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotypes in the Middle East. Avian Dis 2021; 65:647-651. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ghetas
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Houta MH, Hassan KE, Legnardi M, Tucciarone CM, Abdel-Moneim AS, Cecchinato M, El-Sawah AA, Ali A, Franzo G. Phylodynamic and Recombination Analyses of Avian Infectious Bronchitis GI-23 Reveal a Widespread Recombinant Cluster and New Among-Countries Linkages. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113182. [PMID: 34827914 PMCID: PMC8614413 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the main infectious agents affecting the avian industry. The remarkable evolutionary rate of this virus represents an often unsurmountable challenge to its control, leading to the emergence of different lineages featured by different biological properties and limited cross-protection. In the present study, the origin, spreading and evolution of GI-23, one of the most important IBV emerging lineages, has been reconstructed using a phylodynamic approach. To this purpose, the broadest available collection of complete and partial S1 sequences was downloaded from GenBank and merged with specifically sequenced European strains. After a likely ancient origin, GI-23 circulated undetected in the Middle East for a considerable time, thereafter emerging as a threat in parallel with the intensification of the poultry industry and its introduction in other countries. An intensive viral circulation affecting mainly neighbouring countries or those with strong economic and political relationships was demonstrated, even though some nations appear to play a major role as a “bridge” among less related locations. Of note, a big recombinant cluster, likely originating in the Middle East but spreading thereafter, especially to Europe through Turkey, demonstrated a much-marked increase in viral population size, and potentially fitness, compared to previously circulating variants. Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus GI-23 lineage, although described approximately two decades ago in the Middle East, has recently drawn remarkable attention and is considered an “emerging” lineage due to its current spread to several other regions, including Europe. Despite the relevance, no comprehensive studies are available investigating its epidemiologic and evolutionary pattern. The present phylodynamic study was designed to fill this gap, benefitting from a collection of freely available GI-23 sequences and ad-hoc generated European ones. After a relatively ancient origin in the Middle East, likely in the first half of the previous century, GI-23 circulated largely undetected or underdiagnosed for a long time in this region, likely causing little damage, potentially because of low virulence coupled with limited development of avian industry in the considered years and regions and insufficient diagnostic activity. The following development of the poultry industry and spread to other countries led to a progressive but slow increase of viral population size between the late ‘90s and 2010. An increase in viral virulence could also be hypothesized. Of note, a big recombinant cluster, likely originating in the Middle East but spreading thereafter, especially to Europe through Turkey, demonstrated a much-marked increase in viral population size compared to previously circulating variants. The extensive available GI-23 sequence datasets allowed to demonstrate several potential epidemiological links among African, Asian, and European countries, not described for other IBV lineages. However, differently from previously investigated IBV lineages, its spread appears to primarily involve neighbouring countries and those with strong economic and political relationships. It could thus be speculated that frequent effective contacts among locations are necessary for efficient strain transmission. Some countries appear to play a major role as a “bridge” among less related locations, being Turkey the most relevant example. The role of vaccination in controlling the viral population was also tentatively evaluated. However, despite some evidence suggesting such an effect, the bias in sequence and data availability and the variability in the applied vaccination protocols prevent robust conclusions and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Houta
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.A.E.-S.)
| | - Kareem E. Hassan
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.A.E.-S.)
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia M. Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, Virology Division, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Azza A. El-Sawah
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.A.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (K.E.H.); (A.A.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.F.)
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Houta MH, Hassan KE, El-Sawah AA, Elkady MF, Kilany WH, Ali A, Abdel-Moneim AS. The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23. Arch Virol 2021; 166:9-26. [PMID: 33416996 PMCID: PMC7791962 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world. Since the 1950s, IBV has circulated in the Middle East and North Africa, and no tangible evidence has shown any effects of measures taken to control its spread or evolution. Furthermore, new IBV variants are continually discovered. Although several genetic studies on IBV have been conducted, many IBV strains from this region have either been misclassified or remain unclassified. The genotype 23 (GI-23) variant emerged and has prevailed in the Middle East by continuously evolving through inter- and/or intra-genotypic recombination. The GI-23 genotype is currently enzootic throughout Europe and Asia. Although many studies of protection against the circulating strains have been conducted, they have not been standardized according to regulatory requirements. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution and genetic diversity of IBV genotypes and a genetic classification of IBV strains, with a focus on the GI-23 genotype. The high prevalence of IBV GI-23 strains necessitates the adoption of vaccination schemes using GI-23-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Houta
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Kareem E Hassan
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Azza A El-Sawah
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Magdy F Elkady
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Walid H Kilany
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, P.O. Box 264, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Lachheb J, Turki A, Nsiri J, Fathallah I, El Behi I, Larbi I, Ghram A. Molecular characterization of a unique variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Tunisia. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4338-4345. [PMID: 31265109 PMCID: PMC7107247 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is responsible of significant economic losses for poultry industry around the world, through evolution of its pathogenicity, inadequacy of vaccines, and virus evasion. Such evasion is related to the unstable nature of its RNA, in particular the S glycoprotein encoding gene, which raises great challenges with regard to the control of the disease, along with the lack of proof reading mechanisms of the RNA polymerase. The emergence of new variants might be a reason for the endemic outbreaks that are being reported in Tunisia, in addition to poor vaccination techniques and ineffective prophylactic programs. In the present study, partial nucleotide sequences of the S1 glycoprotein gene and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of 2 Tunisian isolates, TN1011/16 and TN1012/16, identified in 2016, were determined. Specific mutations were found in S1 gene as well as in 3'UTR region. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 nucleotide sequences showed that both isolates are closely related to the Algerian strains, and formed a common cluster within the genotype I. In addition, these isolates were non-recombinant ones, confirming that they are unique variants. Based on their S1 gene sequences, TN1011/16 and TN1012/16 strains were distant from the H120 vaccine strain, commercially used in Tunisia along with the variant vaccine 793B type (4/91). A comparison between nucleotide sequences of their 3'UTR region and S1 gene showed a difference in IBV classification. The obtained results have confirmed that the IBVsequence continues to drift and brings valuable information in relation with its evolution, vaccine development and better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Lachheb
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Turki
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Nsiri
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fathallah
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen El Behi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Larbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR 11 IPT 03, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
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Research Note: First evidence of infectious bronchitis virus Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) in Germany. Poult Sci 2019; 99:797-800. [PMID: 32036979 PMCID: PMC7111731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious bronchitis virus Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) was observed on a German broiler farm, for the first time. The animals suffered from respiratory and nephropathogenic disease. Gross lesions observed during necropsy included tracheitis, aerosacculitis, and nephritis. Tracheal swabs were tested positive for infectious bronchitis virus Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) by PCR. Furthermore, sequence analysis of the S1 spike protein showed close relationship to the commercially available vaccine TAbic IBVAR206 and polish isolates.
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9
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Legnardi M, Franzo G, Koutoulis KC, Wiśniewski M, Catelli E, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M. Vaccine or field strains: the jigsaw pattern of infectious bronchitis virus molecular epidemiology in Poland. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6388-6392. [PMID: 31399745 PMCID: PMC6870560 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), account for severe economic losses in the poultry industry. The continuous emergence of a multitude of IBV variants poses many challenges for its diagnosis and control, and live attenuated vaccines, despite their routine use, still plays a significant role in driving IBV evolution, further complicating the epidemiological scenario. Unfortunately, the impact of different vaccination strategies on IB control, epidemiology, and diagnosis has rarely been investigated. This work presents the results of a large-scale diagnostic survey performed in Poland to study IBV molecular epidemiology and how vaccination may affect the viral circulation in the field. To this purpose, 589 samples were collected between May 2017 and January 2019, tested by reverse transcription-PCR for IBV and sequenced. Vaccine and field strains were discriminated based on genetic and anamnestic information. The most commonly detected lineages were 793B (79%) and variant 2 (17.4%), with sporadic detections of QX, Mass, and D274-like strains. Most of the detected strains had a vaccine origin: 46.3% matched one of the applied vaccines, while 36.5% were genetically related to vaccines not implemented in the respective protocol. Besides their practical value for the proper planning of vaccination protocols in Poland, these results suggest that only a fraction (17.2%) of the circulating strains are field ones, imposing a careful assessment of the actual IBV field menaces. Moreover, phenomena like vaccine spreading and persistence seem to occur commonly, stressing the need to further study the epidemiological consequences of the extensive use of live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Konstantinos C Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Ceva Animal Health Polska Sp. z o.o., ul. Okrzei, 1A, 03–715 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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10
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Current scenario of viral diseases in Turkish poultry industry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Abozeid HH, Paldurai A, Varghese BP, Khattar SK, Afifi MA, Zouelfakkar S, El-Deeb AH, El-Kady MF, Samal SK. Development of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine for infectious bronchitis virus variant strains circulating in Egypt. Vet Res 2019; 50:12. [PMID: 30744668 PMCID: PMC6371441 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a major disease problem for the poultry industry worldwide. The currently used live-attenuated vaccines have the tendency to mutate and/or recombine with circulating field strains resulting in the emergence of vaccine-derived variant viruses. In order to circumvent these issues, and to develop a vaccine that is more relevant to Egypt and its neighboring countries, a recombinant avirulent Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strain LaSota was constructed to express the codon-optimized S glycoprotein of the Egyptian IBV variant strain IBV/Ck/EG/CU/4/2014 belonging to GI-23 lineage, that is prevalent in Egypt and in the Middle East. A wild type and two modified versions of the IBV S protein were expressed individually by rNDV. A high level of S protein expression was detected in vitro by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. All rNDV-vectored IBV vaccine candidates were genetically stable, slightly attenuated and showed growth patterns comparable to that of parental rLaSota virus. Single-dose vaccination of 1-day-old SPF White Leghorn chicks with the rNDVs expressing IBV S protein provided significant protection against clinical disease after IBV challenge but did not show reduction in tracheal viral shedding. Single-dose vaccination also provided complete protection against virulent NDV challenge. However, prime-boost vaccination using rNDV expressing the wild type IBV S protein provided better protection, after IBV challenge, against clinical signs and significantly reduced tracheal viral shedding. These results indicate that the NDV-vectored IBV vaccines are promising bivalent vaccine candidates to control both infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassanein H Abozeid
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Berin P Varghese
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunil K Khattar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Manal A Afifi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdy F El-Kady
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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12
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Yilmaz H, Faburay B, Turan N, Cotton-Caballero M, Cetinkaya B, Gurel A, Yilmaz A, Cizmecigil UY, Aydin O, Tarakci EA, Bayraktar E, Richt JA. Production of Recombinant N Protein of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using the Baculovirus Expression System and Its Assessment as a Diagnostic Antigen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 187:506-517. [PMID: 29987628 PMCID: PMC7090399 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The avian coronavirus-infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is recognized as an important avian pathogen, and new viral variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Sensitive diagnostics and efficacious vaccines are necessary to combat IBV infections in chickens. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant N protein of IBV in the baculovirus system to use in ELISA diagnostic tests in order to enable the assessment of the sero-prevalence and risk of IBV infections in chickens in Turkey. For this, the gene encoding the N protein of the Beaudette strain of IBV was expressed using a recombinant baculovirus expression system. The recombinant N protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. An estimated 50-kDa recombinant protein corresponding to the expected molecular weight of IBV N including the 6xHis tag was detected using an anti-His monoclonal antibody. Specific immunoreactivity of the recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blot using antiserum obtained from vaccinated and naturally infected chicken from Turkey as well as using a monoclonal antibody raised against the N protein of the IBV Massachusetts strain. The results obtained with the in-house ELISA had high agreement with a commercial ELISA. Immunoreactivity analysis using antisera in Western blotting and the in-house ELISA suggests that the recombinant IBV N protein could be broadly cross-reactive with antisera produced against different IBV strains. We conclude that the recombinant baculovirus expressed IBV N protein could serve as a useful diagnostic antigen for detection of IBV infections in chickens by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State, University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maira Cotton-Caballero
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State, University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Burhan Cetinkaya
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Y. Cizmecigil
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Altan Tarakci
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State, University, Manhattan, KS USA
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13
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Bayraktar E, Umar S, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Cakan B, Iqbal M, Yilmaz H. First Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) in Turkish Broiler Flocks. Avian Dis 2018; 62:425-430. [PMID: 31119927 DOI: 10.1637/11915-061818-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases, including avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), have a significant economic impact on poultry industries. The frequency and genotype diversity of aMPV in Turkish broiler flocks is not known at present. The aim of this study was to report the first molecular identification and phylogeny of aMPV, which is circulating in Turkish broiler flocks. Trachea tissue samples and tracheal swabs were collected from 110 broiler flocks distributed in different geographical regions in Turkey between March 2017 and March 2018. Detection of aMPV was confirmed with the use of universal reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR, and eight (7.2%) broiler farms were positive for aMPV. Sequence analysis of the G gene revealed the exclusive presence of subtype B viruses. Three field isolates clustered closely with a 2002 Israel isolate, indicating a potential transmission route between these two countries and through the Middle East. The remaining five field isolates were closely related to a vaccine strain, even though broiler flocks in Turkey are not routinely vaccinated against aMPV. Therefore, we speculate these five isolates could have originated from nearby vaccinated turkey farms. Additionally, the presence of some nucleotide substitutions compared to the reference vaccine sequence suggests prolonged circulation and evolution of the original vaccine virus or a vaccine subpopulation was selected under field conditions. This evidence emphasizes the need for further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate aMPV spread and evolution in order to design effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bayraktar
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Umar
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Turan
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - C M Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - B Cakan
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom
| | - H Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey,
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14
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Lisowska A, Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Fusaro A, Pikula A, Domanska-Blicharz K. First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe. Virus Res 2017; 242:43-48. [PMID: 28923510 PMCID: PMC7114549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variants assigned to GI-23 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), formerly called Var2, have circulated for nearly 20 years only in countries of the Middle East. Strains of this lineage were first identified in Israel in 1998. More severe form of the virus appeared in 2006, when the second wave of Var2 epidemic has spread over the Middle East region. The present study describes the detection and detailed genetic characterization of the GI-23 viruses in Poland. The full-length genome of gammaCoV/Ck/Poland/G052/2016 strain consists of 27596 nucleotides and has typical organization for IBV (UTR5'-POl-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-UTR3'). The phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequence showed that it formed separate branch distinct from all of the full-length genome sequences analyzed in this study. Recombination analyses with other gammacoronaviruses revealed that Polish GI-23 strain may originate from recombination events and potential donors of build-in sequences are IBV of GI-1, GI-13 and G-19 lineages (Mass-, 793B- and QX-like strains, respectively). The 1a, 1b and N genes were involved in these recombination events. The source of virus introduction to the chicken population in Poland is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | | | - Alice Fusaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pikula
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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15
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Genotyping of Avian infectious bronchitis viruses in Iran (2015-2017) reveals domination of IS-1494 like virus. Virus Res 2017; 240:101-106. [PMID: 28789874 PMCID: PMC7114540 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is causing major economic losses to the poultry industry. The analysis of the S1 gene has been used to determine IBV genotype. The aim of this study was genotyping of IBVs circulating among the Iranian broiler flocks in the period between 2015 to 2017. Trachea samples from 278 broiler flocks were collected from broiler farms in eight provinces of Iran. After Real-time RT-PCR, IBV-positive samples were further characterized based on S1 gene. The results of the Real-time RT-PCR showed that 52.16% of flocks were IBV positive. Four genotypes were detected and the frequency of occurrence rates of IS-1494-like, 793/B, QX and Massachusetts IBV genotypes were 70.34%, 19.31%, 7.58% and 2.75%, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that nucleotide identities within IS-1494-like group ranged between 98.86-100%, while each of the QX, Massachusetts and 793/B groups were 98.05-100%, 98.20-100% and 93.29-100% respectively. These results show that the IS-1494-like IBV is the dominant IBV genotype in Iran. Proper control strategies are essential to overcoming the high frequency of occurrence of IS-1494-like IBV. The phylogenetic relationship of the strains with respect to different sequences and geographical regions displayed complexity and diversity. Further studies are needed and should include the isolation and full-length molecular characterization of IBV in Iran.
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