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Salaheldin AH, Abd El-Hamid HS, Ellakany HF, Mohamed MA, Elbestawy AR. Isolation, Molecular, and Histopathological Patterns of a Novel Variant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chicken Flocks in Egypt. Vet Sci 2024; 11:98. [PMID: 38393116 PMCID: PMC10893078 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
After an extended period of detecting classical virulent, attenuated, and very virulent IBDV, a novel variant (nVarIBDV) was confirmed in Egypt in this study in 18, IBD vaccinated, chicken flocks aged 19-49 days. Partial sequence of viral protein 2 (VP2) [219 aa, 147-366, resembling 657 bp] of two obtained isolates (nos. 3 and 4) revealed nVarIBDV (genotype A2d) and OR682618 and OR682619 GenBank accession numbers were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both nVarIBDV isolates were closely related to nVarIBDV strains (A2d) circulating in China, exhibiting 100% identity to SD-2020 and 99.5-98.1% similarity to ZD-2018-1, QZ, GX and SG19 strains, respectively. Similarity to USA variant strains, belonging to genotypes A2b (9109), A2c (GLS) and A2a (variant E), respectively, was 95.5-92.6%. Also, the VP2 hypervariable region in those two, A2d, isolates revealed greater similarities to Faragher 52/70 (Vaxxitek®) at 90.4% and to an Indian strain (Ventri-Plus®) and V217 (Xtreme®) at 89.7% and 86-88.9% in other vaccines. Histopathological examination of both the bursa of Fabricius and spleen collected from diseased chickens in flock no. 18 revealed severe atrophy. In conclusion, further studies are required to investigate the epidemiological situation of this novel genotype across the country, and to assess various vaccine protections against nVarIBDV. Additionally, vaccination of breeders with inactivated IBD vaccines including this nVarIBDV is essential to obtain specific maternal antibodies in their broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Salaheldin
- Department Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.S.A.E.-H.); (H.F.E.)
| | - Hany F. Ellakany
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.S.A.E.-H.); (H.F.E.)
| | - Mostafa A. Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed R. Elbestawy
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt
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Legnardi M, Poletto F, Alam S, Cherfane A, Le-Tallec B, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Lupini C, Pasotto D, Cecchinato M. Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus in the Near East and Persian Gulf regions. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:56-67. [PMID: 37823857 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2270531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Different field IBDVs were found to circulate in the Near and Middle East.Multiple atypical genotypes (A3B1, A4B1, A6B1) were found to circulate extensively.Traditional very virulent IBDVs (A3B2) were a minority of the detected strains.Viral exchanges can be hypothesized between the region and different continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Poletto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Safaa Alam
- Near East, Gulf and Sudan CEVA Animal Health LLC, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Setta A, Yehia N, Shaheen M, Shami A, Al-Saeed FA, Alsamghan A, Amin R, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Salem HM. Continuous clinicopathological and molecular recognition of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in commercial broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103306. [PMID: 38228049 PMCID: PMC10823078 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gumboro virus is one of the most dangerous immunosuppressant viruses that infect chickens and causes massive financial losses worldwide. The current study aims to conduct a molecular characterization of chicken farms for the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Based on postmortem (PM) lesions, 125 bursal samples from 25 farms were collected from clinically diseased commercial chicken farms with increased mortality and suspected Gumboro virus infection. Pooled bursal samples from suspected IBD-vaccinated flocks were tested for IBDV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifteen out of 25 pooled specimens were found positive for IBDV, with a 60% detection rate, and confirmed positive for very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) by sequence analysis. Nucleotide phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and VP2 genes was employed to compare the 5 chosen isolates with strains representing different governorates in Egypt during 2022. All strains were clustered with vvIBDV with no evidence of reassortment in the VP1 gene. The VP1 and VP2 genes are divided into groups (I, II). The strains in our study were related to group II, and it acquired a new mutation in the VP2 gene that clustered it into new subgroup B. By mutation analysis, the VP2 gene of all strains had a characteristic mutation to vvIBDV. It acquired new mutations in HVRs compared with HK46 in Y220F, A222T/V in all strains in our study, and Q221K that was found in IBD-EGY-AH5 and AH2 in the loop PBC in addition to G254S in all strains in our study and Q249k that found in IBD-EGY-AH1 and AH3 in the loop PDE. These mutations are important in the virulency and antigenicity of the virus. The VP1 had 242E, 390M, and 393D which were characteristic of vvIBDV and KpnI restriction enzyme (777GGTAC/C782) in addition to a new mutation (F243Y and N383H) in IBD-EGY-AH1 and AH4 strains. According to the current study, the strains were distinct from the vaccinal strain; they could be responsible for the most recent IBDV outbreaks observed in flocks instead of received vaccinations. The current study highlighted the importance of molecular monitoring to keep up to date on the circulating IBDV for regular evaluation of commercial vaccination programs against circulating field viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Setta
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Ceva Sante Animale, Al Sheikh Zayed, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Shaheen
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Sajid S, Rahman SU, Mohsin Gilani M, Sindhu ZUD, Ali MB, Hedfi A, Almalki M, Mahmood S. Molecular Characterization and Demographic Study on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Faisalabad District. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254605. [PMID: 34398875 PMCID: PMC8366999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) leads to significant economic losses of poultry industry in Pakistan during last few years. This disease causes the infection of bursa, which leads to major immune losses. A total number of 30 samples from five IBD outbreaks during the period of 2019-20 were collected from different areas of Faisalabad district, Pakistan and assayed by targeting the IBD virus VP2 region through RT-PCR. Among all the outbreaks, almost 80% of poultry birds were found positive for the IBDV. The bursa tissues were collected from the infected birds and histopathological examination of samples revealed severe lymphocytic depletion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis of the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Positive samples were subjected to re-isolation and molecular characterization of IBDV. The Pakistan IBDV genes were subjected to DNA sequencing to determine the virus nucleotide sequences. The sequences of 100 Serotype-I IBDVs showing nearest homology were compared and identified with the study sequence. The construction of the phylogenetic tree for nucleotide sequences was accomplished by the neighbor-joining method in MEGA-6 with reference strains. The VP2 segment reassortment of IBDVs carrying segment A were identified as one important type of circulating strains in Pakistan. The findings indicated the molecular features of the Pakistan IBDV strains playing a role in the evolution of new strains of the virus, which will contribute to the vaccine selection and effective prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Sajid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Samy A, Courtillon C, Briand FX, Khalifa M, Selim A, Arafa AES, Hegazy A, Eterradossi N, Soubies SM. Continuous circulation of an antigenically modified very virulent infectious bursal disease virus for fifteen years in Egypt. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104099. [PMID: 31676447 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the agent of an immunosuppressive and sometimes lethal disease in chickens, is causing recurrent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Egypt. In particular, an antigenically modified isolate of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) called 99323 was detected in Egypt nearly twenty years ago; this isolate was shown to be experimentally controlled by an antigenically classical live vaccine. However, acute IBD is still reported, even in vaccinated flocks, and little is known about the genetic and antigenic properties of viruses currently circulating in Egypt. In the present study, ten samples collected in Egyptian broiler farms in 2015 as well as five samples collected in 2001 were analyzed. Genetic analyses of partial VP2 sequences revealed that 8 isolates clustered with vvIBDV strains, and 5 with tissue culture adapted and vaccine strains. Similar results were observed for partial VP1 sequences with the exception of isolate 160019, for which VP2 clustered with the vaccine strain Bursine while VP1 clustered with vvIBDV, suggesting reassortment. For isolates genetically related to vvIBDV, antigenic profiling revealed two patterns: while some isolates exhibited typical European vvIBDV reactivity with lack of binding of mAbs 5, other revealed extensive antigenic modifications, with lack of binding of mAbs 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9, similar to isolate 99323. These different patterns were associated with a single amino acid mutation at position 321 of VP2 that is located within peak PHI. Full genome sequencing was performed for three isolates, among which two were representative of the two antigenic patterns observed for vvIBDV as well as the reassortant isolate 160019. This study highlights the co-circulation of both antigenically typical and modified vvIBDV during the last fifteen years in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - Mohamed Khalifa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abd El Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hegazy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - Sébastien M Soubies
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France.
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Effect of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Viral Protein 5 mRNA Expression in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050247. [PMID: 31100910 PMCID: PMC6562522 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 200 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to five groups, and each group consisted of four replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Chicks were fed the basal diet with 0 (non-infected control), 0 (infected control), 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg soybean isoflavones (SI) for 42 days. At 21 days of age, chickens were inoculated with an infectious bursal dose (causing 50% morbidity) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) BC 6/85 strain by the eye-drop and nasal route (except for the non-infected group). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (p < 0.05) in broilers infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from 22 to 42 days. However, infected broilers fed 10 and 20 mg SI/kg had the maximum (p <0.05) ADG and ADFI from 1 to 42 days. Body weight (BW) increased (p < 0.05) in infected broilers fed the 10 and 20 mg SI /kg diet. The bursa weight at 7 days post-infection (dpi) was increased (p < 0.05) by the supplemental 10 mg SI/kg diet. Infected broilers showed the highest (p < 0.05) bursa lesions, with an average score of 4.0 ± 0.0, while the severity of bursa lesions was decreased (p < 0.05) at 3 dpi and 7 dpi by the supplemental 20 mg SI/kg diet. Supplemental SI at 20 mg/kg decreased (p < 0.05) the viral protein 5 (VP5) mRNA expression at 3 dpi and 7 dpi. The level of interferon gamma (IFNγ) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the infected group at 3 dpi and 7 dpi as compared with the control group, while its level was decreased (p < 0.05) by supplemental 10 mg/kg SI at 3 dpi. The level of nuclear factor κB in the bursal tissue showed the lowest value (p < 0.05) with supplemental 10 and 20 mg SI/kg diet at 7 dpi. Supplemental 10, 20, 40 mg/kg SI improved (p < 0.05) the serum total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in infected broilers at 3 dpi. In addition, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (p < 0.05) in the group fed 20 mg/kg SI at 7 dpi. In conclusion, supplemental 10~20 mg/kg SI may have a positive effect on broiler chickens infected with IBDV, probably because SI decrease the severity of bursa lesions and viral protein 5 mRNA expression, and have strong antioxidant activity.
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Molecular genotyping of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated from Broiler Flocks in Egypt. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Shehata AA, Sultan H, Halami MY, Talaat S, Vahlenkamp TW. Molecular characterization of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus strains circulating in Egypt from 2003 to 2014. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3803-3815. [PMID: 28921008 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, four very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolates from flocks of chickens with vaccination failure in Egypt in 2003, 2007, 2010 and 2014 were characterized. The four viruses, designated USC2003, USC2007, USC2010 and USC2014, were detected by reverse transcription PCR, subjected to sequencing of both genomic segments (A and B) and compared with geographically and phylogenetically diverse IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of segment A (complete) and B (partial) revealed a close relationship between Egyptian and vvIBDV reference strains of European and Asian origin. The sequences of segments of A and B the current Egyptian isolates were 96.1-98.2% and 96.5-98.7% identical, respectively, to those of other known vvIBDV isolates. The deduced amino acid sequences of VP1, polyprotein (pVP2-VP4-VP3) and VP5 revealed the presence of putative virulence determinants of Egyptian isolates compared with vvIBDV and less virulent (classical and variant) strains. The Egyptian isolates also possess unique amino acids substitutions within the hypervariable region of VP2 that differ from those of other reference IBDV strains. Further studies may be necessary to determine the pathogenic significance of these amino acid substitutions to fully understand the molecular epidemiology and evolution of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A Shehata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Sultan
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Y Halami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Inhibition of infectious bursal disease virus transmission using bioceramic derived from chicken feces. Virus Res 2015; 204:6-12. [PMID: 25892716 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioceramic powder (BCX), at pH 13.0, derived from chicken feces, was evaluated for its efficacy to inactivate virus and inhibit virus horizontal transmission by fecal-oral route, using infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine strain D78 as a challenge virus. Three 1-week-old SPF chicks were vaccinated per os and used as seeder birds. Six hours later, 3 sentinel 1-week-old SPF chicks were introduced into the same cage. Results revealed that BCX had excellent efficacy to inactivate IBDV within 3 min. Treating IBDV contaminated litter in the cage with BCX could prevent transmission of IBDV to new sensitive chicks completely. Further, transmission of IBDV to the sentinel chicks was significantly inhibited by adding BCX to litter and chicken feed. These data suggest that BCX at pH 13, derived from chicken feces, has excellent efficacy to inactivate IBDV, which can be applied in bedding materials for preventing viral transmission during production round. It is a good material that can effectively be used for enhancing biosecurity system in poultry farms.
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Luka PD, Yakubu B, Jambol AR, Audu BJ, Dogonyaro BB, Owolodun OA. Detection and differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus from the outbreaks in two layer farms by PCR-RFLP in Jos, Nigeria. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.30-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
Espirito Santo virus (ESV) is a newly discovered virus recovered as contamination in a sample of a virulent strain of dengue-2 virus (strain 44/2), which was recovered from a patient in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, and amplified in insect cells. ESV was found to be dependent upon coinfection with a virulent strain of dengue-2 virus and to replicate in C6/36 insect cells but not in mammalian Vero cells. A sequence of the genome has been produced by de novo assembly and was not found to match to any known viral sequence. An incomplete match to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Drosophila X virus (DXV), another birnavirus, could be detected. Mass spectrometry analysis of ESV proteins found no matches in the protein data banks. However, peptides recovered by mass spectrometry corresponded to the de novo-assembled sequence by BLAST analysis. The composition and three-dimensional structure of ESV are presented, and its sequence is compared to those of other members of the birnavirus family. Although the virus was found to belong to the family Birnaviridae, biochemical and sequence information for ESV differed from that of DXV, the representative species of the genus Entomobirnavirus. Thus, significant differences underscore the uniqueness of this infectious agent, and its relationship to the coinfecting virus is discussed.
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Zahoor M, Abubakar M, Naim S, Arshed Q. Molecular Typing of Field Isolates from two outbreaks of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus from Pakistan. Vet World 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Sreedevi B, Jackwood DJ. Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection and Sequence Analysis of the VP2 Hypervariable Region of Indian Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Isolates. Avian Dis 2007; 51:750-7. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[750:rrtcrd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sareyyüpoğlu B, Akan M. Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of infectious bursal disease virus field strains in Turkey. Avian Dis 2007; 50:545-9. [PMID: 17274292 DOI: 10.1637/7524-030606r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of immature chickens. It is caused by IBD virus (IBDV) and is responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 280 bursa samples from 56 commercially reared chicken flocks in Turkey with clinical symptoms of IBD were examined for IBDVs using the reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The assay was conducted on a 743-bp fragment of the VP2 gene with the restriction enzymes BstNI, MboI, and SspI. The results indicate the existence of field isolates with new molecular patterns different from those previously published that may well be unique and specific to geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sareyyüpoğlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
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