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Kabir H, Hakim H, Alizada MN, Hasan A, Miyaoka Y, Yamaguchi M, Shoham D, Takehara K. Isolation, Identification, and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Field Outbreaks in Chickens in Afghanistan. Avian Dis 2022; 66:176-180. [PMID: 35723930 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) in Afghanistan were isolated from three chicken farms and identified using a hemagglutination test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Three isolates from each farm were sequenced to characterize the part of their fusion protein gene around the cleavage site. The characteristics of the fusion protein genes of the three isolates shown by phylogenic analysis indicated that the isolates were velogenic, belonged to the class II subgenotype VII 1.1, and were closely related to an identified Chinese NDV isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that NDV isolates from Afghanistan have been partially sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Kabir
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hakimullah Hakim
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Naiem Alizada
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Amirul Hasan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yu Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dany Shoham
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, .,Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Hood G, Roche X, Brioudes A, von Dobschuetz S, Fasina FO, Kalpravidh W, Makonnen Y, Lubroth J, Sims L. A literature review of the use of environmental sampling in the surveillance of avian influenza viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:110-126. [PMID: 32652790 PMCID: PMC8048529 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides an overview of use of environmental samples (ES) such as faeces, water, air, mud and swabs of surfaces in avian influenza (AI) surveillance programs, focussing on effectiveness, advantages and gaps in knowledge. ES have been used effectively for AI surveillance since the 1970s. Results from ES have enhanced understanding of the biology of AI viruses in wild birds and in markets, of links between human and avian influenza, provided early warning of viral incursions, allowed assessment of effectiveness of control and preventive measures, and assisted epidemiological studies in outbreaks, both avian and human. Variation exists in the methods and protocols used, and no internationally recognized guidelines exist on the use of ES and data management. Few studies have performed direct comparisons of ES versus live bird samples (LBS). Results reported so far demonstrate reliance on ES will not be sufficient to detect virus in all cases when it is present, especially when the prevalence of infection/contamination is low. Multiple sample types should be collected. In live bird markets, ES from processing/selling areas are more likely to test positive than samples from bird holding areas. When compared to LBS, ES is considered a cost-effective, simple, rapid, flexible, convenient and acceptable way of achieving surveillance objectives. As a non-invasive technique, it can minimize effects on animal welfare and trade in markets and reduce impacts on wild bird communities. Some limitations of environmental sampling methods have been identified, such as the loss of species-specific or information on the source of virus, and taxonomic-level analyses, unless additional methods are applied. Some studies employing ES have not provided detailed methods. In others, where ES and LBS are collected from the same site, positive results have not been assigned to specific sample types. These gaps should be remedied in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hood
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Xavier Roche
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Aurélie Brioudes
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRegional Office for Asia and the PacificBangkokThailand
| | | | | | | | - Yilma Makonnen
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sub-Regional Office for Eastern AfricaAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Juan Lubroth
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Leslie Sims
- Asia Pacific Veterinary Information ServicesMelbourneAustralia
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Zhang Y, Zou SM, Li XD, Dong LB, Bo H, Gao RB, Wang DY, Shu YL. Detection of reassortant avian influenza A (H11N9) virus in environmental samples from live poultry markets in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:59. [PMID: 27268229 PMCID: PMC4897819 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses have caused human infection and posed the pandemic potential. Live poultry markets are considered as a source of human infection with avian influenza viruses. Avian influenza routine surveillance of live poultry markets is taken annually in China. We isolated the 2 H11N9 influenza virus from the surveillance program. To better understand the risk caused by these new viruses, we characterize the genetic and pathogenicity of the two viruses. METHODS Viral isolation was conducted with specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Whole genome was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Two H11N9 viruses were identified, with all 8 segments belonging to the Eurasian lineage. The HA, NA, M, NS and PA genes were similar to virus isolates from ducks, and the NP, PB2 and PB1 gene segments were most similar to those viruses from wild birds, indicating that the H11N9 viruses might represent reassortant viruses from poultry and wild birds. The HA receptor binding preference was avian-like, and the cleavage site sequence of HA showed low pathogenic. The NA gene showed 94.6 % identity with the novel H7N9 virus that emerged in 2013. There was no drug resistance mutation in the M2 protein. The Asn30Asp and Thr215Ala substitutions in the M1 protein implied a potentially increased pathogenicity in mice. Both viruses were low-pathogenic strains, as assessed by the standards of intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) tests. CONCLUSION Two reassortant H11N9 avian influenza viruses were detected. These viruses showed low pathogenicity to chickens in the IVPI test. Public health concern caused by the reassortant H11N9 viruses should be emphasized during the future surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li-Bo Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rong-Bao Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Da-Yan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue-Long Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Bui VN, Ogawa H, Hussein ITM, Hill NJ, Trinh DQ, AboElkhair M, Sultan S, Ma E, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Runstadler JA, Imai K. Genetic characterization of a rare H12N3 avian influenza virus isolated from a green-winged teal in Japan. Virus Genes 2015; 50:316-20. [PMID: 25557930 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the genetic characterization of an avian influenza virus, subtype H12N3, isolated from an Eurasian green-winged teal (Anas crecca) in Japan in 2009. The entire genome sequence of the isolate was analyzed, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to characterize the evolutionary history of the isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes indicated that the virus belonged to the Eurasian-like avian lineage. Molecular dating indicated that this H12 virus is likely a multiple reassortant influenza A virus. This is the first reported characterization of influenza A virus subtype H12N3 isolated in Japan and these data contribute to the accumulation of knowledge on the genetic diversity and generation of novel influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Nghia Bui
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Fan Z, Ci Y, Ma Y, Liu L, Ma J, Li DY, Chen H. Phylogenetic and Pathogenic Analysis of a Novel H6N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Green Peafowl in a Wildlife Park. Avian Dis 2014; 58:632-7. [DOI: 10.1637/10899-071114-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fan Z, Ci Y, Ma Y, Liu L, Wang D, Ma J, Li Y, Chen H. Phylogenetic analysis of a novel H6N6 avian influenza virus isolated from a green peafowl in China and its pathogenic potential in mice. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu Z, Cheng K, Xin Y, Sun W, Li X, Huang J, Zhang K, Yang S, Wang T, Zheng X, Wang H, Hua Y, Chai H, Qin C, Qian J, Gao Y, Xia X. Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in the adaptation of H6N1 avian influenza virus in mice. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:316-321. [PMID: 25457364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
H6N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are one of the most abundantly detected avian influenza virus subtype, and a human H6N1 infection case has been reported in 2013. H6N1 AIVs may pose a potential human risk, however, the factors that promote the replication of H6N1 viruses in mammals remain poorly understood. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a H6N1 virus (A/Mallard/SanJiang/275/2007) to identify adaptive changes that confer enhanced virulence to H6N1 viruses in mammals. After eight sequential passages in mice, the mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of the variants were reduced >1000-fold compared to the parental virus. We found that the variants displayed the greatest enhancement of replication in vitro and in vivo, and also were capable of replicating in the brains of infected mice. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence of H6N1 AIVs in mice. Sequencing of the variants revealed amino acid changes in the PB2 (E627K), PA (T97I), and HA (N394T) proteins. Our results suggest that these mutations involved in the enhancement of the ability of H6N1 virus to efficient replicate and cause severe disease in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250132, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China.
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Lee DH, Park JK, Yuk SS, Erdene-Ochir TO, Kwon JH, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Lee SW, Song CS. Complete genome sequence of a natural reassortant H9N2 avian influenza virus found in bean goose (Anser fabalis): direct evidence for virus exchange between Korea and China via wild birds. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:250-4. [PMID: 24953505 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we isolated a natural recombinant H9N2 avian influenza virus from fecal droppings of bean goose (Anser fabalis) in Korea. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the A/bean goose/Korea/220/2011(H9N2) isolate is a reassortant of Eurasian and North American lineages of avian influenza virus. In addition, the complete genome sequence, including all 8 gene segments, was associated with Chinese H9N2 viruses isolated from wild birds in the Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve. These data provide direct evidence for the exchange of avian influenza viruses between Korea and China via wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Experimental infection of dogs with H6N1 avian influenza A virus. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2275-82. [PMID: 24719193 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
H6N1 avian influenza A viruses, which have spread across North America, Europe and Asia, have been shown to be infectious not only for birds but also for mammals. Because humans lack immunity to H6N1 avian influenza A viruses, the emergence of these viruses in humans would probably cause a pandemic. Replication of H6N1 avian influenza A viruses in dogs may facilitate their adaptation in humans because dogs are often in close contact with humans. However, the susceptibility of dogs to these viruses is unknown. To address this question, we infected beagles intranasally (i.n.) with an H6N1 avian influenza A virus that was isolated from a mallard. Inoculation of this virus into beagles resulted in the virus being detectable in the lung and seroconversion with no clinical signs except for a fever at 1 day post-inoculation (dpi). In addition, the virus was transiently shed from the nose and in the feces of the infected beagles. Our results suggest that dogs can be subclinically infected with H6N1 avian influenza A viruses, which, like H7N9, have low pathogenicity in birds and may serve as an intermediate host to transfer this virus to humans. Certain actions may be taken to prevent the potential transmission of these viruses, including the development of H6N1 avian influenza vaccines for prevention.
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Su C, Chen S, Liu X, Xu J, Huang K, Liu K, Huang J, Peng D, Liu X. Genome Sequence of a Novel H10N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in a Live Poultry Market in Eastern China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:e00386-13. [PMID: 23814107 PMCID: PMC3695435 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00386-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An H10N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) strain, A/Chicken/Jiangsu/RD5/2013, was isolated in China. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes in this strain originated from H10N1 and H7N9 AIVs, respectively, and the other genes derived from H7N3 AIVs. Sequence analysis implies that the H10N9 AIV may be an NA gene donor for the human H7N9 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhu Su
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Ministry of Education, Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Genetic Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses: Cocirculation of Avian Influenza Viruses with Allele A and B Nonstructural Gene in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Ducks Wintering in Japan. INFLUENZA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:847505. [PMID: 23320157 PMCID: PMC3540751 DOI: 10.1155/2012/847505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic influenza virus strains of 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2), and 2009 (H1N1) have genes related to avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The nonstructural (NS) gene of AIVs plays a significant role in host-viral interaction. However, little is known about the degree of diversity of this gene in Northern pintail (Anas acuta) ducks wintering in Japan. This study describes characteristics of pintail-originated H1N1, H1N2, H1N3, H5N2, H5N3, H5N9, and H7N7 viruses. Most of the viruses were revealed to be avian strains and not related to pandemic and seasonal flu strains. Nevertheless, the NP genes of 62.5% (5/8) viruses were found closely related to a A/swine/Korea/C12/08, indicating exchange of genetic material and ongoing mammalian-linked evolution of AIVs. Besides, all the viruses, except Aomori/422/07 H1N1, contain PSIQSR∗GLF motif usually found in avian, porcine, and human H1 strains. The Aomori/422/07 H1N1 has a PSVQSR∗GLF motif identical to a North American strain. This findings linked to an important intercontinental, Asian-American biogeographical interface. Phylogenetically all the viruses were clustered in Eurasian lineage. Cocirculation of allele A and B (NS gene) viruses was evident in the study implying the existence of a wide reservoir of influenza A viruses in pintail wintering in Japan.
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Surveillance and characterization of avian influenza viruses from migratory water birds in eastern Hokkaido, the northern part of Japan, 2009–2010. Virus Genes 2012; 46:323-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shoham D, Jahangir A, Ruenphet S, Takehara K. Persistence of avian influenza viruses in various artificially frozen environmental water types. INFLUENZA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:912326. [PMID: 23091712 PMCID: PMC3471417 DOI: 10.1155/2012/912326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. This study investigates the viable persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in various types of artificially frozen environmental water and evaluates the feasibility of similar occurrence taking place in nature, and allowing for prolonged abiotic virus survival, with subsequent biotic viral recirculation. Methods. Fresh, brackish, and salty water, taken in Japan from aquatic biotopes regularly visited by migratory waterfowl, were seeded with AIVs. We monthly monitored the viability of the seeded viruses in the frozen state at -20°C and -30°C, for 12 months. We also monitored virus viability following repeatedly induced freezing and thawing. Results. The viruses exhibited considerable viable persistence all along that period of time, as well as during freezing-thawing cycles. Appreciable, yet noncrucial variances were observed in relation to some of the parameters examined. Conclusions. As typical waterborne pathogens of numerous northerly aquatic birds, AIVs are innately adapted to both the body temperature of their hosts (40°C to 42°C) and, presumably, to subzero temperatures of frozen lakes (down to -54°C in parts of Siberia) occupied and virus-seeded by subclinically infected birds, prior to freezing. Marked cryostability of AIVs appears to be evident. Preservation in environmental ice has significant ecophylogenetic and epidemiological implications, potentially, and could account for various unexplained phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Shoham
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi 23 Bancho, Towada, Aomori 034, Japan
| | - Alam Jahangir
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Disease dynamics and bird migration--linking mallards Anas platyrhynchos and subtype diversity of the influenza A virus in time and space. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35679. [PMID: 22536424 PMCID: PMC3335010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mallard Anas platyrhynchos is a reservoir species for influenza A virus in the northern hemisphere, with particularly high prevalence rates prior to as well as during its prolonged autumn migration. It has been proposed that the virus is brought from the breeding grounds and transmitted to conspecifics during subsequent staging during migration, and so a better understanding of the natal origin of staging ducks is vital to deciphering the dynamics of viral movement pathways. Ottenby is an important stopover site in southeast Sweden almost halfway downstream in the major Northwest European flyway, and is used by millions of waterfowl each year. Here, mallards were captured and sampled for influenza A virus infection, and positive samples were subtyped in order to study possible links to the natal area, which were determined by a novel approach combining banding recovery data and isotopic measurements (δ2H) of feathers grown on breeding grounds. Geographic assignments showed that the core natal areas of studied mallards were in Estonia, southern and central Finland, and northwestern Russia. This study demonstrates a clear temporal succession of latitudes of natal origin during the course of autumn migration. We also demonstrate a corresponding and concomitant shift in virus subtypes. Acknowledging that these two different patterns were based in part upon different data, a likely interpretation worth further testing is that the early arriving birds with more proximate origins have different influenza A subtypes than the more distantly originating late autumn birds. If true, this knowledge would allow novel insight into the origins and transmission of the influenza A virus among migratory hosts previously unavailable through conventional approaches.
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15
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Yan S, Wu G. Adaptation in polymerase basic protein 1 family from influenza A virus to climate change. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.430148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1813-21. [PMID: 21766196 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence and sequence data were analyzed for Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) to assess the role of this species in transporting virus genes between continents and maintaining a regional viral reservoir with sympatric northern pintails (Anas acuta). AIV prevalence was 0.2% at Izembek Lagoon and 3.9% at Nelson Lagoon for Steller's eiders and 11.2% for northern pintails at Izembek Lagoon. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 AIVs from Steller's eiders revealed that 4.9% of genes were of Eurasian origin. Seven subtypes were detected, including two also observed in northern pintails. No AIV strains were highly similar (> 99%) at all gene segments between species; however, highly similar individual genes were detected. The proportion of highly similar genes was greater within rather than between species. Steller's eiders likely transport AIV genes between continents through long-distance migratory movements. Differences in AIV prevalence, subtype distribution, and the proportion of highly similar genes suggest limited AIV exchange between Steller's eiders and northern pintails at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons during autumn.
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Bui VN, OGAWA H, KARIBE K, MATSUO K, NGUYEN TH, AWAD SSA, Minoungou GL, Xininigen, SAITO K, WATANABE Y, Runstadler JA, HAPP GM, IMAI K. Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus in Migratory Water Birds in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:209-15. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vuong N. Bui
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
- National Institute of Veterinary Research
| | - Haruko OGAWA
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kazuji KARIBE
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kengo MATSUO
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Tung H. NGUYEN
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sanaa S. A. AWAD
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
| | - Germaine L. Minoungou
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Xininigen
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | | | | | | | - George M. HAPP
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks
| | - Kunitoshi IMAI
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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18
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Evaluation of human intestinal epithelial differentiated cells (Caco-2) for replication, plaque formation and isolation of avian influenza viruses. J Virol Methods 2010; 169:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Feare CJ. Role of wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and implications for global surveillance. Avian Dis 2010; 54:201-12. [PMID: 20521633 DOI: 10.1637/8766-033109-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews outbreaks of Asian-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 in wild birds since June 2006, surveillance strategies, and research on virus epidemiology in wild birds to summarize advances in understanding the role of wild birds in the spread of HPAIV H5N1 and the risk that infected wild birds pose for the poultry industry and for public health. Surveillance of apparently healthy wild birds ("active" surveillance) has not provided early warning of likely infection for the poultry industry, whereas searches for and reports of dead birds ("passive" surveillance) have provided evidence of environmental presence of the virus, but not necessarily its source. Most outbreaks in wild birds have occurred during periods when they are experiencing environmental, physiologic, and possibly psychological stress, including adverse winter weather and molt, but not, apparently, long-distance migration. Examination of carcasses of infected birds and experimental challenge with strains of HPAIV H5N1 have provided insight into the course of infection, the extent of virus shedding, and the relative importance of cloacal vs. oropharyngeal excretion. Satellite telemetry of migrating birds is now providing data on the routes taken by individual birds, their speed of migration, and the duration of stopovers. It is still not clear how virus shedding during the apparently clinically silent phase of infection relates to the distance travelled by infected birds. Mounting an immune response and undertaking strenuous exercise associated with long migratory flights may be competitive. This is an area where further research should be directed in order to discover whether wild birds infected with HPAIV H5N1 are able or willing to embark on migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Feare
- WildWings Bird Management, 2 North View Cottages, Grayswood Common, Haslemere, Surrey GU27 2DN, United Kingdom.
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20
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Pawar S, Chakrabarti A, Cherian S, Pande S, Nanaware M, Raut S, Pal B, Jadhav S, Kode S, Koratkar S, Thite V, Mishra A. An avian influenza A(H11N1) virus from a wild aquatic bird revealing a unique Eurasian-American genetic reassortment. Virus Genes 2010; 41:14-22. [PMID: 20440548 PMCID: PMC2886911 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza surveillance in different wild bird populations is critical for understanding the persistence, transmission and evolution of these viruses. Avian influenza (AI) surveillance was undertaken in wild migratory and resident birds during the period 2007–2008, in view of the outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 in poultry in India since 2006. In this study, we present the whole genome sequence data along with the genetic and virological characterization of an Influenza A(H11N1) virus isolated from wild aquatic bird for the first time from India. The virus was low pathogenicity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it was distinct from reported H11N1 viruses. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed maximum similarity with A/semipalmatedsandpiper/Delaware/2109/2000 (H11N6) and A/shorebird/Delaware/236/2003(H11N9) while the neuraminidase (NA) gene showed maximum similarity with A/duck/Mongolia/540/2001(H1N1). The virus thus possessed an HA gene of the American lineage. The NA and other six genes were of the Eurasian lineage and showed closer relatedness to non-H11 viruses. Such a genetic reassortment is unique and interesting, though the pathways leading to its emergence and its future persistence in the avian reservoir is yet to be fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Pawar
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Alok Chakrabarti
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Sarah Cherian
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Satish Pande
- Ela Foundation, C-9, Bhosale Park, Sahakarnagar No. 2, Pune, 411009 India
| | - Madhuri Nanaware
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Satish Raut
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Biswajoy Pal
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Sadhana Kode
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Santosh Koratkar
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Vishal Thite
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune, 411021 India
- National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001 India
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21
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Lane C, Tameru B, Nganwa D, Habtemariam T, Asseged B, Robnett V, Wilson S. A quantitative risk assessment for the likelihood of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain H5N1 into U.S. hunter retriever dogs. Avian Dis 2010; 54:699-706. [PMID: 20521718 PMCID: PMC3134181 DOI: 10.1637/8832-040209-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain H5N1 has received great attention with regard to its potential spread to North America. This quantitative risk assessment, which is primarily based on wild bird carriage of HPAI from East Asia to Alaska, was conducted to assess the likelihood of a hunter retriever dog becoming infected after harvesting an infected waterfowl during the Alaskan hunting season. Using Monte Carlo Simulation with @Risk software, the expected probability of a hunter retriever dog becoming infected is 2.3 x 10(-8). This model can serve as a tool for decision makers in assessing the risk of HPAI strain H5N1 introduction into Alaska's hunter retriever dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lane
- Center for Computational Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Risk Analysis (CCEBRA), Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
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22
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Lee DH, Lee HJ, Lee YN, Lee YJ, Jeong OM, Kang HM, Kim MC, Kwon JS, Kwon JH, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Application of DNA Barcoding Technique in Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance of Wild Bird Habitats in Korea and Mongolia. Avian Dis 2010; 54:677-81. [DOI: 10.1637/8783-040109-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Yan SM, Wu G. Trends in global warming and evolution of matrix protein 2 family from influenza A virus. Interdiscip Sci 2009; 1:272-9. [PMID: 20640805 PMCID: PMC7091293 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-009-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The global warming is an important factor affecting the biological evolution, and the influenza is an important disease that threatens humans with possible epidemics or pandemics. In this study, we attempted to analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of matrix protein 2 family from influenza A virus, because this protein is a target of anti-flu drug, and its mutation would have significant effect on the resistance to anti-flu drugs. The evolution of matrix protein 2 of influenza A virus from 1959 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of amino-acid pair predictability. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site, and species carrying influenza A virus. The results showed the similar trends in global warming and in evolution of M2 proteins although we could not correlate them at this stage of study. The study suggested the potential impact of global warming on the evolution of proteins from influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Min Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007 P.R. China
| | - Guang Wu
- Computational Mutation Project, DreamSciTech Consulting, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518054 P.R. China
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24
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Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects. Virus Genes 2009; 40:94-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan. Virus Res 2009; 145:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from northern pintail in Japan: Isolation, characterization and inter-annual comparisons during 2006–2008. Virus Res 2009; 143:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Pearce JM, Ramey AM, Flint PL, Koehler AV, Fleskes JP, Franson JC, Hall JS, Derksen DV, Ip HS. Avian influenza at both ends of a migratory flyway: characterizing viral genomic diversity to optimize surveillance plans for North America. Evol Appl 2009; 2:457-68. [PMID: 25567891 PMCID: PMC3352445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although continental populations of avian influenza viruses are genetically distinct, transcontinental reassortment in low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses has been detected in migratory birds. Thus, genomic analyses of LPAI viruses could serve as an approach to prioritize species and regions targeted by North American surveillance activities for foreign origin highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). To assess the applicability of this approach, we conducted a phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of 68 viral genomes isolated from the northern pintail (Anas acuta) at opposite ends of the Pacific migratory flyway in North America. We found limited evidence for Asian LPAI lineages on wintering areas used by northern pintails in California in contrast to a higher frequency on breeding locales of Alaska. Our results indicate that the number of Asian LPAI lineages observed in Alaskan northern pintails, and the nucleotide composition of LPAI lineages, is not maintained through fall migration. Accordingly, our data indicate that surveillance of Pacific Flyway northern pintails to detect foreign avian influenza viruses would be most effective in Alaska. North American surveillance plans could be optimized through an analysis of LPAI genomics from species that demonstrate evolutionary linkages with European or Asian lineages and in regions that have overlapping migratory flyways with areas of HPAI outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pearce
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Andrew M Ramey
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Paul L Flint
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Joseph P Fleskes
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey Dixon, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Hall
- National Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dirk V Derksen
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Hon S Ip
- National Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey Madison, WI, USA
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28
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Koehler AV, Pearce JM, Flint PL, Franson JC, Ip HS. Genetic evidence of intercontinental movement of avian influenza in a migratory bird: the northern pintail (Anas acuta). Mol Ecol 2009; 17:4754-62. [PMID: 19140989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of migratory birds in the movement of the highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5N1 remains a subject of debate. Testing hypotheses regarding intercontinental movement of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses will help evaluate the potential that wild birds could carry Asian-origin strains of HP avian influenza to North America during migration. Previous North American assessments of LPAI genetic variation have found few Asian reassortment events. Here, we present results from whole-genome analyses of LPAI isolates collected in Alaska from the northern pintail (Anas acuta), a species that migrates between North America and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the genetic divergence between Asian and North American strains of LPAI, but also suggested inter-continental virus exchange and at a higher frequency than previously documented. In 38 isolates from Alaska, nearly half (44.7%) had at least one gene segment more closely related to Asian than to North American strains of LPAI. Additionally, sequences of several Asian LPAI isolates from GenBank clustered more closely with North American northern pintail isolates than with other Asian origin viruses. Our data support the role of wild birds in the intercontinental transfer of influenza viruses, and reveal a higher degree of transfer in Alaska than elsewhere in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson V Koehler
- Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
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29
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Subtyping of avian influenza viruses H1 to H15 on the basis of hemagglutinin genes by PCR assay and molecular determination of pathogenic potential. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3048-55. [PMID: 18596143 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02386-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious concern about the worldwide transmission of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza (AI) virus by migratory birds surrounds the importance of the AI global surveillance in wild aquatic birds and underscores the requirement for a reliable subtyping method of AI viruses. PCR is advantageous due to its simplicity, lower cross-reactivity, and unlimited reagent supply. Currently, the only available hemagglutinin (HA) subtyping primer set that can subtype H1 through H15 is not fully evaluated and, since it only targets HA1, is unavailable for molecular pathotyping of AI viruses. Our preliminary experiments found that these primer sets were cross-reactive and missed some recent AI viruses. In this study, we developed new primer sets against HA cleavage sites for subtyping H1 to H15 genes and for molecular pathotyping. Our primer sets were subtype specific and detected 99% of previously identified HA genes (115/116, 1949 to March 2006), and the correct amplifications of HA genes were confirmed by sequence analyses of all 115 PCR products. The primer sets successfully subtyped most of the recent AI viruses isolated in Japan (96% [101/105], October 2006 to March 2007). Taken together, our primer sets could efficiently detect HA genes (98% [216/221]) of both previously and recently identified HA genes or of both American (29/29) and Eurasian (187/192) lineages. All 38 H5 and 13 H7 viruses were molecularly pathotyped by sequencing analyses of the HA cleavage site. In contrast, despite efficient detection of previously identified strains (98% [114/116]), the published primer sets exhibited lower specificity and lower detection efficiency against recent AI viruses (80% [84 of 105]). These results indicate that our primers are useful not only for HA subtyping but also for molecular pathotyping of both previous and recent AI viruses. These advancements will enable general diagnostic laboratories to subtype AI viruses for the surveillance in wild aquatic birds.
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