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Chaganti T, Tsai CY, Juang YP, Abdelalim M, Cernak T. Medicinal Chemistry Gone Wild. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38662285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Earth is currently experiencing a mass extinction event. The flora and fauna of our planet are experiencing mass die-offs from a multitude of factors, with wildlife disease emerging as one parameter where medicinal chemists are equipped to intervene. While contemporary medicinal chemistry focuses on human health, many traditional pharmaceutical companies have historic roots in human health, animal health, and plant health. This trifecta of health sciences perfectly maps to the current field of One Health, which recognizes that optimal health outcomes can only be achieved through the health of humans, plants, animals, and their shared environments. This Perspective imagines a world where state-of-the-art medicinal chemistry tactics are used to prevent the extinction of endangered species and points to preliminary work in the emerging area of conservation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesko Chaganti
- Canton High School, Canton, Michigan 48187, United States
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu-Pu Juang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mohamed Abdelalim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Wang X, Jin S, Hu W. A Role of Glucose Overload in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Nonhuman Primates. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9676754. [PMID: 33860059 PMCID: PMC8026299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9676754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) plays a major role in the development of heart failure. Patients with T2D have an increased risk to develop HF than healthy subjects, and they always have very poor outcomes and survival rates. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still unclear. To help develop new therapeutic interventions, well-characterized animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in T2D and HF are urgently needed. Although studies in rodents are more often used, the research findings in rodents have often failed to be translated into humans due to the significant metabolic differences between rodents and humans. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as valuable translational models between basic studies in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. NHPs can recapitulate the natural progress of these diseases in humans and study the underlying mechanism due to their genetic similarity and comparable spontaneous T2D rates to humans. In this review, we discuss the importance of using NHPs models in understanding diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans with aspects of correlations between hyperglycemia and cardiac dysfunction progression, glucose overload, and altered glucose metabolism promoting cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction, glucose, and its effect on cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-d), the currently available diabetic NHPs models and the limitations involved in the use of NHP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
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Murray S, Kishbaugh JC, Hayek LAC, Kutinsky I, Dennis PM, Devlin W, Hope KL, Danforth MD, Murphy HW. Diagnosing cardiovascular disease in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with brain natriuretic peptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214101. [PMID: 30889217 PMCID: PMC6424555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in zoo-housed great apes, accounting for 41% of adult gorilla death in North American zoological institutions. Obtaining a timely and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in gorillas is challenging, relying on echocardiography which generally requires anesthetic medications that may confound findings and can cause severe side effects in cardiovascularly compromised animals. The measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has emerged as a modality of interest in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human patients with heart failure. This study evaluated records for 116 zoo-housed gorillas to determine relationships of BNP with cardiovascular disease. Elevations of BNP levels correlated with the presence of visible echocardiographic abnormalities, as well as reported clinical signs in affected gorillas. Levels of BNP greater 150 pb/mL should alert the clinician to the presence of myocardial strain and volume overload, warranting medical evaluation and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Murray
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Kishbaugh
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
- BodeVet, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lee-Ann C. Hayek
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ilana Kutinsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. Dennis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William Devlin
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katharine L. Hope
- Department of Animal Health, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Marietta D. Danforth
- Great Ape Heart Project, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hayley W. Murphy
- Great Ape Heart Project, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Animal Divisions, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Smith B, Remis M, Dierenfeld E. Nutrition of the captive western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): A dietary survey. Zoo Biol 2014; 33:419-25. [PMID: 25130685 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.K. Smith
- Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - M.J. Remis
- Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
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