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HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND XANTHOMATOSIS IN YELLOW-FOOTED ROCK WALLABIES ( PETROGALE XANTHOPUS) UNDER MANAGED CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:470-479. [PMID: 35758590 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomas are localized lipid deposits in organs with associated granulomatous inflammation. Xanthomatosis is a rare condition in both human and veterinary medicine and is often linked to inherited or acquired dyslipidemias. Three female yellow-footed rock wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) at a single institution were diagnosed via biopsy with cutaneous xanthomas secondary to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, and an additional two female yellow-footed rock wallabies were diagnosed with xanthomas at a second institution. All cases presented with cutaneous masses at the haired skin and paw pad junctions of the extremities, and/or mucocutaneous junctions of the face or urogenital tract. The clinically affected individuals were overconditioned or obese, had lipemic serum, and had elevations in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. When full lipid panels were performed, inverse high- and low-density lipoprotein fractions were observed. Six other individuals at the first institution had identical husbandry but were of more appropriate body condition, were normolipidemic, and had no xanthomas. One of the affected animals was also concurrently diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis via liver biopsy. Pedigree review and evaluation for underlying endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism were performed. Because all affected animals were found to be related, a genetic predisposition is possible but requires further investigation. Consideration for the predisposition of some individuals for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and subsequent xanthoma formation should be factored in the husbandry and medical management of this species.
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Donovan TA, Garner MM, Phalen D, Reavill D, Monette S, Le Roux AB, Hanson M, Chen S, Brown C, Echeverri C, Quesenberry K. Disseminated coelomic xanthogranulomatosis in eclectus parrots ( Eclectus roratus) and budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus). Vet Pathol 2021; 59:143-151. [PMID: 34794345 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211045931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatosis is an inflammatory lesion characterized by lipid-containing macrophages, extracellular lipid, hemorrhage, and necrosis. We describe disseminated intracoelomic xanthogranulomatosis in 5 eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) and 2 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Postmortem, clinicopathologic, and historical case material was reviewed. Ages ranged from 3 to 24 years; there were 5 males and 2 females. Table food was included in the diet of 3/5 cases, and animal products were included in 2/3 cases. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities included leukocytosis (4/5 cases) and elevated concentrations of bile acids (3/4 cases) and cholesterol within 6 months prior to death (2/4 cases). At postmortem examination, all 7 birds had grossly visible, irregular, soft, tan to yellow, amorphous plaques distributed on the surfaces of the viscera and body wall. Histologic evaluation and oil red O stain revealed xanthogranulomatous inflammation with phagocytized and extracellular lipid, necrosis, cholesterol clefts, fibrosis, and mineralization. Infectious agents were not identified with special stains in all cases. Concurrent hepatobiliary disease was present in 6/7 cases, and 6/7 had lipid accumulation within the parenchyma of various visceral organs. Five cases had atherosclerosis of great vessels. We describe a unique form of disseminated coelomic xanthogranulomatosis in 2 psittacine species. This condition should be recognized as a differential diagnosis in cases of disseminated coelomic mass formation and coelomic distension in psittacine birds, particularly in eclectus parrots and budgerigars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Phalen
- University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sebastien Monette
- Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sue Chen
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, USA
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Cojean O, Vergneau-Grosset C, Masseau I. Ultrasonographic anatomy of reproductive female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:333-344. [PMID: 29458234 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) often present to the exotic clinic for gastrointestinal impactions, follicular stasis, or dystocia. To our knowledge, normal ultrasonographic anatomy of these lizards has not been described. The objectives of this prospective, anatomic, analytical study were to develop ultrasound techniques for this species and to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the head, coelomic cavity, and tail. Eleven, healthy, female leopard geckos were included. A linear array 13-18 MHz transducer was used. Geckos were sedated and restrained in dorsal recumbency for coelomic structure examination and in ventral recumbency for head and tail examinations. Sagittal and transverse images were acquired and authors recorded qualitative and quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics of anatomic structures. The ventral surface of the lungs, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, portal vein, ventral abdominal vein, aorta, ovarian follicles, fat bodies, tail, and brain were visualized in 10 of 11 individuals. In one individual, molt precluded ultrasonographic examination. The heart, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, and pancreas were not visualized. The digestive tract was observed in 10 individuals but was too small to be measured. Findings from the current study could be used as a reference for future studies of leopard geckos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Cojean
- Service de médecine zoologique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Service de médecine zoologique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Québec, Canada
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Giuseppe MD, Oliveri M, Morici M, Rossi G, Spadola F. Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Red-Tailed Boa ( Boa Constrictor Imperator ). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Alleaume C, Mrini ME, Laloy E, Marchal J, Aujard F, Chahory S. Scleral and corneal xanthomatous inflammation in a gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:177-180. [PMID: 27030164 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral multifocal corneal opacity was detected in a 4.5-year-old male captive gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) without other clinical ocular changes. Histopathological examination revealed a severe diffuse granulomatous scleritis and focal keratitis with intralesional cholesterol, consistent with xanthomatous inflammation. This is the first report of xanthomatous inflammation in a gray mouse lemur. This condition may be the result of systemic factors (lipid metabolism disorders) and/or local predisposing factors such as hemorrhage or inflammation. The pathogenesis in this case could not be fully determined. Further studies on lemurs are required for a better understanding of their lipid metabolism, as well as for diagnosing and evaluating the incidence of xanthomatous inflammation in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Alleaume
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie Embryologie et Anatomie pathologique, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94704, France
| | - Meryem El Mrini
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie Embryologie et Anatomie pathologique, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94704, France
| | - Eve Laloy
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie Embryologie et Anatomie pathologique, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94704, France
| | - Julia Marchal
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, F-91800, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, F-91800, France
| | - Sabine Chahory
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UP Ophtalmologie, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94704, France
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Anderson ET, Troan BV, Stringer EM, Chinnadurai SK, DeVoe RS. Cerebral Xanthoma in a Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-20.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Brigid V. Troan
- North Carolina Zoological Park, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Stringer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sathya K. Chinnadurai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ryan S. DeVoe
- North Carolina Zoological Park, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
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