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Brodlie H, Quimby J, Rudinsky AJ, Paschall RE, Brusach K, Klein H, Winston JA, Parker VJ. Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cats: comparison of a whole-blood lateral flow assay, 2 dried-blood-spot tests, and serum LC-MS/MS. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:246-251. [PMID: 36896661 PMCID: PMC10185994 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231158106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) can be a challenge in veterinary medicine because of laboratory accessibility and required sample volume. We compared 2 dried-blood-spot (DBS) tests and a lateral flow assay (LFA) to the gold standard, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We hypothesized that there would be good agreement among the tests, within a clinically significant limit of agreement of ± 25 nmol/L. We collected blood from 6 healthy purpose-bred 2-y-old cats at 6 times over 6 wk, and measured 25D concentrations with all 4 tests. Agreement of the 3 candidate tests and LC-MS/MS was evaluated via Bland-Altman analysis, Passing-Bablok regression, and Lin correlation coefficients. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean bias was >± 25 nmol/L for all 3 candidate tests in comparison to serum LC-MS/MS concentrations. The 95% CIs for the mean bias did not include zero, further supporting the presence of significant bias among methods. Additionally, all 3 tests had poor agreement with serum LC-MS/MS concentrations when analyzed by Lin correlation coefficient analysis, and bias between methods was further characterized by Passing-Bablok analysis. Based on these results, none of these 3 tests is recommended as an alternative to LC-MS/MS testing for 25D measurement in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brodlie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adam J. Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rene E. Paschall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn Brusach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Klein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valerie J. Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Samsonova JV, Saushkin NY, Osipov AP. Dried Blood Spots technology for veterinary applications and biological investigations: technical aspects, retrospective analysis, ongoing status and future perspectives. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:655-698. [PMID: 35771305 PMCID: PMC9244892 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology has become a valuable tool in medical studies, however, in veterinary and biological research DBS technology applications are still limited. Up-to-date no review has comprehensively integrated all the evidence existing across the fields, technologies and animal species. In this paper we summarize the current applications of DBS technology in the mentioned areas, and provide a scope of different types of dried sample carriers (cellulose and non-cellulose), sampling devices, applicable methods for analyte extraction and detection. Mammals, birds, insects and other species are represented as the study objects. Besides the blood, the review considers a variety of specimens, such as milk, saliva, tissue samples and others. The main applications of dried samples highlighted in the review include epidemiological surveys and monitoring for infections agents or specific antibodies for disease/vaccination control in households and wildlife. Besides the genetic investigations, the paper describes detection of environmental contaminants, pregnancy diagnosis and many other useful applications of animal dried samples. The paper also analyses dried sample stability and storage conditions for antibodies, viruses and other substances. Finally, recent developments and future research for DBS technology in veterinary medicine and biological sciences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne V Samsonova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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VITAMIN D STATUS OF INDOOR-HOUSED HOFFMANN'S TWO-TOED SLOTHS ( CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI): A PILOT STUDY. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:1030-1035. [PMID: 34687521 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of calcium homeostasis have been reported with some frequency in two-toed sloths, yet little investigation has been performed on vitamin D and mineral metabolism in these species. This study evaluates biomarkers involved in vitamin D and calcium metabolism in a group of nine managed Hoffmann's two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni), correlated with diet analysis. Serum was analyzed for both vitamin D2 and D3 metabolites, minerals (calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P], and magnesium [Mg]), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and ionized calcium (iCa). The diet was analyzed for proximate nutrients, minerals and vitamins D2 and D3, and feed intake was estimated. Average values reported for D3 metabolites, including 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3, were 25.1 ng/ml, 52.23 pg/ml, and 7.65 ng/ml, respectively. Average PTH was 0.22 pmol/L while average iCa was 1.46 mmol/L. Values reported for Ca, P, Mg were within expected ranges. Dietary concentration of D3 was 6.7 ng/g and the average daily intake per sloth was 113.7 IU/kg body weight. No detectable levels of vitamin D2 metabolites 25(OH)D2, 1,25(OH)2D2, or 24,25(OH)2D2 were found in the diet or serum. These data will serve as a starting point for future investigations into the vitamin D metabolism and calcium homeostasis of two-toed sloths to improve the health in managed settings.
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