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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Landoni M, García GA, Esteva MI, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Cruzipain Sulfotopes-Specific Antibodies Generate Cardiac Tissue Abnormalities and Favor Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the BALB/c Mice Model of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:814276. [PMID: 35059328 PMCID: PMC8763857 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.814276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cruzipain (Cz) bears a C-terminal domain (C-T) that contains sulfated epitopes “sulfotopes” (GlcNAc6S) on its unique N-glycosylation site. The effects of in vivo exposure to GlcNAc6S on heart tissue ultrastructure, immune responses, and along the outcome of infection by T. cruzi, were evaluated in a murine experimental model, BALB/c, using three independent strategies. First, mice were pre-exposed to C-T by immunization. C-T-immunized mice (C-TIM) showed IgG2a/IgG1 <1, induced the production of cytokines from Th2, Th17, and Th1 profiles with respect to those of dC-TIM, which only induced IL-10 respect to the control mice. Surprisingly, after sublethal challenge, both C-TIM and dC-TIM showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality than the control group. Second, mice exposed to BSA-GlcNAc6S as immunogen (BSA-GlcNAc6SIM) showed: severe ultrastructural cardiac alterations while BSA-GlcNAcIM conserved the regular tissue architecture with slight myofibril changes; a strong highly specific humoral-immune-response reproducing the IgG-isotype-profile obtained with C-TIM; and a significant memory-T-cell-response demonstrating sulfotope-immunodominance with respect to BSA-GlcNAcIM. After sublethal challenge, BSA-GlcNAc6SIM showed exacerbated parasitemias, despite elevated IFN-γ levels were registered. In both cases, the abrogation of ultrastructural alterations when using desulfated immunogens supported the direct involvement of sulfotopes and/or indirect effect through their specific antibodies, in the induction of tissue damage. Finally, a third strategy using a passive transference of sulfotope-specific antibodies (IgG-GlcNAc6S) showed the detrimental activity of IgG-GlcNAc6S on mice cardiac tissue, and mice treated with IgG-GlcNAc6S after a sublethal dose of T. cruzi, surprisingly reached higher parasitemias than control groups. These findings confirmed the indirect role of the sulfotopes, via their IgG-GlcNAc6S, both in the immunopathogenicity as well as favoring T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Soprano
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Landoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A García
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica I Esteva
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G Duschak
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cardona-G W, Robledo SM, Prieto LJ, Yépes AF. S-allylCysteine Ester/Caffeic Acid Amide Hybrids as Promising Antiprotozoal Candidates: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yepes AF, Quintero‐Saumeth J, Cardona‐Galeano W. Biologically Active Quinoline‐Hydrazone Conjugates as Potential
Trypanosoma cruzi
DHFR‐TS Inhibitors: Docking, Molecular Dynamics, MM/PBSA and Drug‐Likeness Studies. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Yepes
- Chemistry of Colombian Plants, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Antioquia-UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, A.A 1226 Medellín Colombia
| | - Jorge Quintero‐Saumeth
- University of Pamplona Faculty of Basic Sciences, Pamplona, Colombia, Km 1 Vía Bucaramanga Ciudad Universitaria Pamplona Colombia
| | - Wilson Cardona‐Galeano
- Chemistry of Colombian Plants, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Antioquia-UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, A.A 1226 Medellín Colombia
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Yepes AF, Quintero‐Saumeth J, Cardona‐G W. Chalcone‐Quinoline Conjugates as Potential
T. cruzi
Cruzipain Inhibitors: Docking Studies, Molecular Dynamics and Evaluation of Drug‐Likeness. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Yepes
- Chemistry of Colombian Plants, Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Antioquia-UdeA Calle 70 No. 52–21, A.A 1226 Medellín Colombia
| | - Jorge Quintero‐Saumeth
- University of PamplonaFaculty of Basic Sciences Km 1 Vía Bucaramanga Ciudad Universitaria Pamplona Colombia
| | - Wilson Cardona‐G
- Chemistry of Colombian Plants, Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Antioquia-UdeA Calle 70 No. 52–21, A.A 1226 Medellín Colombia
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Duschak VG. Major Kinds of Drug Targets in Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1203-1216. [PMID: 31020939 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190423160804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
American Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic infection commonly named Chagas disease, affects millions of people all over Latin American countries. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the number of international infected individuals extends to 7 to 8 million, assuming that more than 10,000 deaths occur annually. The transmission of the etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, through people migrating to non-endemic world nations makes it an emergent disease. The best promising targets for trypanocidal drugs may be classified into three main groups: Group I includes the main molecular targets that are considered among specific enzymes involved in the essential processes for parasite survival, principally Cruzipain, the major antigenic parasite cysteine proteinase. Group II involves biological pathways and their key specific enzymes, such as Sterol biosynthesis pathway, among others, specific antioxidant defense mechanisms, and bioenergetics ones. Group III includes the atypical organelles /structures present in the parasite relevant clinical forms, which are absent or considerably different from those present in mammals and biological processes related to them. These can be considered potential targets to develop drugs with extra effectiveness and fewer secondary effects than the currently used therapeutics. An improved distinction between the host and the parasite targets will help fight against this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma G Duschak
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Reasearch (CONICET) Researcher, Area of Protein Biochemistry and Parasite Glycobiology, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology (INP), "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbran, National Health Secretary, Av. Paseo Colon 568, Lab 506, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Martins LC, Torres PHM, de Oliveira RB, Pascutti PG, Cino EA, Ferreira RS. Investigation of the binding mode of a novel cruzain inhibitor by docking, molecular dynamics, ab initio and MM/PBSA calculations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:591-605. [PMID: 29564808 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease remains a major health problem in South America, and throughout the world. The two drugs clinically available for its treatment have limited efficacy and cause serious adverse effects. Cruzain is an established therapeutic target of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease. Our group recently identified a competitive cruzain inhibitor (compound 1) with an IC50 = 15 µM that is also more synthetically accessible than the previously reported lead, compound 2. Prior studies, however, did not propose a binding mode for compound 1, hindering understanding of the structure-activity relationship and optimization. Here, the cruzain binding mode of compound 1 was investigated using docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ab initio derived parameters, ab initio calculations, and MM/PBSA. Two ligand protonation states and four binding poses were evaluated. A careful ligand parameterization method was employed to derive more physically meaningful parameters than those obtained by automated tools. The poses of unprotonated 1 were unstable in MD, showing large conformational changes and diffusing away from the binding site, whereas the protonated form showed higher stability and interaction with negatively charged residues Asp161 and Cys25. MM/PBSA also suggested that these two residues contribute favorably to binding of compound 1. By combining results from MD, ab initio calculations, and MM/PBSA, a binding mode of 1 is proposed. The results also provide insights for further optimization of 1, an interesting lead compound for the development of new cruzain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Carvalho Martins
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.,Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Monteiro Torres
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Geraldo Pascutti
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21944-970, Brazil
| | - Elio A Cino
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Romero AH, López SE. In silico molecular docking studies of new potential 4-phthalazinyl-hydrazones on selected Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania enzyme targets. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:313-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Ferreira LG, Andricopulo AD. Targeting cysteine proteases in trypanosomatid disease drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:49-61. [PMID: 28579388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis are endemic conditions in Latin America and Africa, respectively, for which no effective and safe therapy is available. Efforts in drug discovery have focused on several enzymes from these protozoans, among which cysteine proteases have been validated as molecular targets for pharmacological intervention. These enzymes are expressed during the entire life cycle of trypanosomatid parasites and are essential to many biological processes, including infectivity to the human host. As a result of advances in the knowledge of the structural aspects of cysteine proteases and their role in disease physiopathology, inhibition of these enzymes by small molecules has been demonstrated to be a worthwhile approach to trypanosomatid drug research. This review provides an update on drug discovery strategies targeting the cysteine peptidases cruzain from Trypanosoma cruzi and rhodesain and cathepsin B from Trypanosoma brucei. Given that current chemotherapy for Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis has several drawbacks, cysteine proteases will continue to be actively pursued as valuable molecular targets in trypanosomatid disease drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil.
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9
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Braga SFP, Martins LC, da Silva EB, Sales Júnior PA, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Soh WT, Brandstetter H, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira RB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential inhibitors of the cysteine proteases cruzain and rhodesain designed by molecular simplification. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1889-1900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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San Francisco J, Barría I, Gutiérrez B, Neira I, Muñoz C, Sagua H, Araya JE, Andrade JC, Zailberger A, Catalán A, Remonsellez F, Vega JL, González J. Decreased cruzipain and gp85/trans-sialidase family protein expression contributes to loss of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote virulence. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:55-61. [PMID: 27553285 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two cell lines derived from a single Trypanosoma cruzi clone by long-term passaging generated a highly virulent (C8C3hvir) and a low virulent (C8C3lvir) cell line. The C8C3hvir cell line was highly infective and lethal to Balb/c mice, and the C8C3lvir cell line was three- to five-fold less infective to mouse cardiomyocytes than C8C3hvir. The highly virulent T. cruzi cell line abundantly expressed the major cysteine proteinase cruzipain (Czp), complement regulatory protein (CRP) and trans-sialidase (TS), all of which are known to act as virulence factors in this parasite. The in vitro invasion capacity and in vivo Balb/c mouse infectiveness of the highly virulent strain was strongly reduced by pre-treatment with antisense oligonucleotides targeting TS or CRP or with E64d. Based on these results, we conclude that decreased levels of TS, CRP and Czp expression could contribute to loss of T. cruzi trypomastigote virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan San Francisco
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Iván Barría
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Bessy Gutiérrez
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Iván Neira
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Christian Muñoz
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hernán Sagua
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge E Araya
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Andrade
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Catalán
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Applied Microbiology and Extremophiles Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, North Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - José Luis Vega
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
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de Araújo CAC, Mayer C, Waniek PJ, Azambuja P, Jansen AM. Differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi I (TcI) and T. cruzi II (TcII) genotypes using genes encoding serine carboxypeptidases. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4211-4219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Espíndola JWP, Cardoso MVDO, Filho GBDO, Oliveira e Silva DA, Moreira DRM, Bastos TM, Simone CAD, Soares MBP, Villela FS, Ferreira RS, Castro MCABD, Pereira VRA, Murta SMF, Sales Junior PA, Romanha AJ, Leite ACL. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of a new series of antiparasitic aryloxyl thiosemicarbazones inhibiting Trypanosoma cruzi cruzain. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:818-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Involvement of sulfates from cruzipain, a major antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi, in the interaction with immunomodulatory molecule Siglec-E. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:21-35. [PMID: 26047932 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the involvement of sulfated groups in the Trypanosoma cruzi host-parasite relationship, we studied the interaction between the major cysteine proteinase of T. cruzi, cruzipain (Cz), a sulfate-containing sialylated molecule and the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin like lectin-E (Siglec-E). To this aim, ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence assays and flow cytometry, using mouse Siglec-E-Fc fusion molecules and glycoproteins of parasites, were performed. Competition assays verified that the lectins, Maackia amurensis II (Mal II) and Siglec-E-Fc, compete for the same binding sites. Taking into account that Mal II binding remains unaltered by sulfation, we established this lectin as sialylation degree control. Proteins of an enriched microsomal fraction showed the highest binding to Siglec-E as compared with those from the other parasite subcellular fractions. ELISA assays and the affinity purification of Cz by a Siglec-E column confirmed the interaction between both molecules. The significant decrease in binding of Siglec-E-Fc to Cz and to its C-terminal domain (C-T) after desulfation of these molecules suggests that sulfates contribute to the interaction between Siglec-E-Fc and these glycoproteins. Competitive ELISA assays confirmed the involvement of sulfated epitopes in the affinity between Siglec-E and Cz, probably modified by natural protein environment. Interestingly, data from flow cytometry of untreated and chlorate-treated parasites suggested that sulfates are not primary receptors, but enhance the binding of Siglec-E to trypomastigotic forms. Altogether, our findings support the notion that sulfate-containing sialylated glycoproteins interact with Siglec-E, an ortholog protein of human Siglec-9, and might modulate the immune response of the host, favoring parasitemia and persistence of the parasite.
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Conformational restriction of aryl thiosemicarbazones produces potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds which induce apoptotic parasite death. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:467-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Uehara LA, Moreira OC, Oliveira AC, Azambuja P, Lima APCA, Britto C, dos Santos ALS, Branquinha MH, d'Avila-Levy CM. Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1958. [PMID: 23272264 PMCID: PMC3521651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Cysteine peptidases are relevant to several aspects of the T. cruzi life cycle and are implicated in parasite-mammalian host relationships. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to the parasite-insect host interaction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we have investigated whether cruzipain could be involved in the interaction of T. cruzi with the invertebrate host. We analyzed the effect of treatment of T. cruzi epimastigotes with anti-cruzipain antibodies or with a panel of cysteine peptidase inhibitors (cystatin, antipain, E-64, leupeptin, iodocetamide or CA-074-OMe) on parasite adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus posterior midgut ex vivo. All treatments, with the exception of CA074-OMe, significantly decreased parasite adhesion to R. prolixus midgut. Cystatin presented a dose-dependent reduction on the adhesion. Comparison of the adhesion rate among several T. cruzi isolates revealed that the G isolate, which naturally possesses low levels of active cruzipain, adhered to a lesser extent in comparison to Dm28c, Y and CL Brener isolates. Transgenic epimastigotes overexpressing an endogenous cruzipain inhibitor (pCHAG), chagasin, and that have reduced levels of active cruzipain adhered to the insect gut 73% less than the wild-type parasites. The adhesion of pCHAG parasites was partially restored by the addition of exogenous cruzipain. In vivo colonization experiments revealed low levels of pCHAG parasites in comparison to wild-type. Parasites isolated after passage in the insect presented a drastic enhancement in the expression of surface cruzipain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data highlight, for the first time, that cruzipain contributes to the interaction of T. cruzi with the insect host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Almeida Uehara
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C. Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Cabral Araujo Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Proteases, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza dos Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Helena Branquinha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Moreira DRM, Costa SPM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, de Oliveira Filho GB, de Melo CML, da Rocha LF, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, Fradico JRB, Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Srivastava RM, Pereira VRA, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural Investigation of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-ones Allows the Identification of Agents with Efficacy in Infected Mice. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10918-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301518v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes Moreira
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Salvana Priscylla Manso Costa
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ferreira da Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
CEP, 50670-420, Salvador-PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física
and Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos,
SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica
and
Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Departamento de Ciências da
Vida, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, CEP
41150-000, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rajendra Mohan Srivastava
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia and
Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, CEP 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
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Doyle PS, Zhou YM, Hsieh I, Greenbaum DC, McKerrow JH, Engel JC. The Trypanosoma cruzi protease cruzain mediates immune evasion. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002139. [PMID: 21909255 PMCID: PMC3164631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Novel chemotherapy with the drug K11777 targets the major cysteine protease cruzain and disrupts amastigote intracellular development. Nevertheless, the biological role of the protease in infection and pathogenesis remains unclear as cruzain gene knockout failed due to genetic redundancy. A role for the T. cruzi cysteine protease cruzain in immune evasion was elucidated in a comparative study of parental wild type- and cruzain-deficient parasites. Wild type T. cruzi did not activate host macrophages during early infection (<60 min) and no increase in ∼P iκB was detected. The signaling factor NF-κB P65 colocalized with cruzain on the cell surface of intracellular wild type parasites, and was proteolytically cleaved. No significant IL-12 expression occurred in macrophages infected with wild type T. cruzi and treated with LPS and BFA, confirming impairment of macrophage activation pathways. In contrast, cruzain-deficient parasites induced macrophage activation, detectable iκB phosphorylation, and nuclear NF-κB P65 localization. These parasites were unable to develop intracellularly and survive within macrophages. IL 12 expression levels in macrophages infected with cruzain-deficient T. cruzi were comparable to LPS activated controls. Thus cruzain hinders macrophage activation during the early (<60 min) stages of infection, by interruption of the NF-κB P65 mediated signaling pathway. These early events allow T. cruzi survival and replication, and may lead to the spread of infection in acute Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S. Doyle
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan M. Zhou
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivy Hsieh
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Doron C. Greenbaum
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Engel
- Tropical Disease Research Unit and Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Duschak VG, Barboza M, García GA, Lammel EM, Couto AS, Isola ELD. Novel cysteine proteinase inTrypanosoma cruzimetacyclogenesis. Parasitology 2005; 132:345-55. [PMID: 16238824 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005009030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to study proteinases released to the culture medium duringTrypanosoma cruzimetacyclogenesis, the presence of cysteine proteinases (CPs) was analysed in culture supernatants obtained throughout the differentiation induced by stimulation of epimastigotes withTriatoma infestanshindgut homogenate. In SDS-gelatin containing gels, an important endopeptidase activity with apparent molecular weight range between 97 and 116 kDa was encountered at pH 6, which was abolished by the specific cysteine proteinase inhibitor E-64 and TLCK, but not by pepstatin, 1,10 phenantroline or PMSF. This novel CP, namedTcCPmet, showed affinity to cystatin-Sepharose, denoting its thiol-proteinase character as well as to ConA-Sepharose, indicating it contains N-linked oligosaccharides. However, it presented a different elution pattern on ConA-Sepharose than cruzipain and, in addition, it was not recognized by anti-cruzipain serum, facts that strongly suggest the different nature of both CPs. Moroever, evidence is presented indicating thatTcCPmet was able to hydrolyse the same chromogenic peptides as cruzipain at optimal alkaline pH values, although with a different order of effectiveness. Our results indicate the presence of a novel CP secreted by metacyclic trypomastigotes and reinforces the important role of these enzymes in metacyclogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Duschak
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr Mario Fatala Chabén, ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud y Ambiente, Av. Paseo Colon 568, 1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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