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Sabukunze S, Gu H, Zhao L, Jia H, Guo H. Comparison of the performance of SAG2, GRA6, and GRA7 for serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1423581. [PMID: 38898997 PMCID: PMC11186378 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1423581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals worldwide, including humans. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection and its ability to cause serious harm to humans and animals, especially immunodeficient individuals, make it a key public health issue. Accurate diagnostic tools with high sensitivity are needed for controlling T. gondii infection. In the current study, we compared the performance of recombinant SAG2, GRA6, and GRA7 in ELISA for the serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats. We further investigated the antigenicity of recombinant dense granule protein 3 (rGRA3), rGRA5, rGRA8, and rSRS29A expressed in a plant-based, cell-free expression system for detecting antibodies in T. gondii-infected cats. In summary, our data suggest that GRA7 is more sensitive than the other two antigens for the serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats, and GRA3 expressed in the cell-free system is also a priming antigen in serological tests for detecting T. gondii infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serges Sabukunze
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haorong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Honglin Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Gao Y, Shen Y, Fan J, Ding H, Zheng B, Yu H, Huang S, Kong Q, Lv H, Zhuo X, Lu S. Establishment and application of an iELISA detection method for measuring apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii in cats. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:229. [PMID: 37924072 PMCID: PMC10623812 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) have introduced serious threats to public health. There is an urgent need to develop a rapid detection method for T. gondii infection in cats, which are definitive hosts. Recombinant apical membrane antigen 1 (rAMA1) was produced in a prokaryotic expression system and used as the detection antigen. The aim of this study was to evaluate and optimize a reliable indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) method based on rAMA1 for the detection of antibodies against T. gondii in cats. RESULTS The rAMA1-iELISA method was developed and optimized by the chessboard titration method. There were no cross-reactions between T. gondii-positive cat serum and positive serum for other pathogens, indicating that rAMA1-iELISA could only detect T. gondii in most cases. The lowest detection limit of rAMA1-iELISA was 1:3200 (dilution of positive serum), and the CV of repeated tests within batches and between batches were confirmed to be less than 10%. The results of 247 cat serum samples detected by rAMA1-iELISA (kappa value = 0.622, p < 0.001) were in substantial agreement with commercial ELISA. The ROC curve analysis revealed the higher overall check accuracy of rAMA1-iELISA (sensitivity = 91.7%, specificity = 93.6%, AUC = 0.956, 95% CI 0.905 to 1.000) than GRA7-based iELISA (sensitivity = 91.7%, specificity = 85.5%, AUC = 0.936, 95% CI 0.892 to 0.980). Moreover, the positive rate of rAMA1-iELISA (6.5%, 16/247) was higher than that of GRA7-based iELISA (3.6%, 9/247) and that of commercial ELISA kit (4.9%, 12/247). CONCLUSION The iELISA method with good specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility was established and can be used for large-scale detection of T. gondii infection in clinical cat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Jiaxing Vocational & Technical College, Jiaxing, 314036, China
| | - Siyang Huang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingming Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunhui Zhuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shaohong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Suwan E, Chalermwong P, Rucksaken R, Sussadee M, Kaewmongkol S, Udonsom R, Jittapalapong S, Mangkit B. Development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant dense granule antigen 7 protein for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:602-610. [PMID: 35497967 PMCID: PMC9047132 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.602-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is recognized as a zoonosis causing toxoplasmosis in animals globally. Cat is a definitive host of T. gondii and sheds oocyst through feces, which can infect human beings and animals through contaminated food ingestion. A precise diagnostic test is essential to prevent T. gondii infection in both humans and animals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the pETite-dense granule antigen 7(GRA7)-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect T. gondii infection in cats. Materials and Methods: T. gondii-GRA7 was cloned and expressed in the Expresso®small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) T7 Cloning and Expression System. The recombinant pETite-GRA7 was purified using HisTrap affinity chromatography and confirmed using Western blot analysis. The recombinant protein was used to develop and evaluate the indirect ELISA for T. gondii infection detection. In total, 200 cat sera were tested using pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The statistical analysis based on Kappa value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, χ2 test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the test. Results: A 606 bp GRA7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was obtained from T. gondii RH strain genomic DNA. The gene was cloned into the pETite™ vector and transformed to HI-Control Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for protein expression. Approximately 35 kDa of recombinant pETite-GRA7 was observed and Western blot analysis showed positive bands against anti-6-His antibody and positive-T. gondii cat serum. A sample of 0.5 μg/mL of pETite-GRA7 was subjected to indirect ELISA to detect T. gondii infection in the cat sera. The results showed sensitivity and specificity of pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA at 72% and 96%, respectively. An acceptable diagnostic performance was characterized by high concordant results (94%) and substantial agreement (Kappa value=0.65) with IFAT. The seroprevalence levels of ELISA and IFAT were 10% and 9%, respectively, and were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The expected performance of ELISA at different cutoff points using the ROC curve analysis revealed 89% sensitivity and 92% specificity at the cutoff value of 0.146, with a high overall assay accuracy (area under the curve=0.94). Conclusion: In this study, the pETite™ vector, N-terminal 6xHis SUMO fusion tag, was used to improve the solubility and expression level of GRA7. The recombinant pETite-GRA7 showed enhanced protein solubility and purification without special condition requirements. This pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA showed high concordant results and substantial agreement with IFAT. ELISA revealed an acceptable sensitivity and specificity. These initial data obtained from cats’ sera demonstrated that pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA could be a useful method for local serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eukote Suwan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piangjai Chalermwong
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rucksak Rucksaken
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Metita Sussadee
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawan Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Bandid Mangkit
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Huertas-López A, Rojo MC, Sukhumavasi W, Martínez-Subiela S, Álvarez-García G, López-Ureña NM, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Carrasco C. Comparative performance of five recombinant and chimeric antigens in a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. Vet Parasitol 2022; 304:109703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Udonsom R, Nishikawa Y, Fereig RM, Topisit T, Kulkaweewut N, Chanamrung S, Jirapattharasate C. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Asian Elephants ( Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010002. [PMID: 35055950 PMCID: PMC8778166 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and various animal species worldwide. In Thailand, seroprevalence studies on T. gondii have focused on domestic animals, and information on infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) is scarce. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in archival sera collected from 268 elephants living in Thailand. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA-iELISA) and recombinant T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 protein (TgGRA8-iELISA). The prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii was 45.1% (121/268), 40.7% (109/268), and 44.4% (119/268) using LAT, TLA-iELISA, and TgGRA8-iELISA, respectively. Young elephants had a higher seropositivity rate than elephants aged >40 years (odds ratio = 6.6; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 2.9–15.4). When LAT was used as the reference, TLA-iELISA and TgGRA8-iELISA showed a substantial (κ = 0.69) and moderate (κ = 0.42) agreement, respectively. Although our findings suggest the widespread exposure of Asian elephants to T. gondii in Thailand, the source of infection was not investigated. Therefore, investigation of the predisposing factors associated with toxoplasmosis is necessary to identify the potential risk factors for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.N.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Ragab M. Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.N.); (R.M.F.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Thitirat Topisit
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Natchakorn Kulkaweewut
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Supitcha Chanamrung
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Liyanage KLDTD, Wiethoelter A, Hufschmid J, Jabbar A. Descriptive Comparison of ELISAs for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Animals: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:605. [PMID: 34063342 PMCID: PMC8157005 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the zoonotic parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded vertebrates. This systematic review compares and evaluates the available knowledge on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), their components, and performance in detecting T. gondii antibodies in animals. Four databases were searched for published scientific studies on T. gondii and ELISA, and 57 articles were included. Overall, indirect (95%) and in-house (67%) ELISAs were the most used types of test among the studies examined, but the 'ID Screen® Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species' was common among commercially available tests. Varying diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity) and Kappa agreements were observed depending on the type of sample (serum, meat juice, milk), antigen (native, recombinant, chimeric) and antibody-binding reagents used. Combinations of recombinant and chimeric antigens resulted in better performance than native or single recombinant antigens. Protein A/G appeared to be useful in detecting IgG antibodies in a wide range of animal species due to its non-species-specific binding. One study reported cross-reactivity, with Hammondia hammondi and Eimeria spp. This is the first systematic review to descriptively compare ELISAs for the detection of T. gondii antibodies across different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. D. Tharaka D. Liyanage
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (A.W.); (J.H.); (A.J.)
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Da Cruz Campos MI, Campos CN, Corrêa JOA, Aarestrup FM, Aarestrup BJV. Induced oral mucositis in Wistar rats treated with different drugs: Preventive potential in cytokine production. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 33981431 PMCID: PMC8108041 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive potential of pentoxifylline, atorvastatin and trans-caryophyllene in oral mucositis through histopathological analysis of wounds in the oral mucosa of Wistar rats treated with 5-FU, and to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of these drugs on serum nitrite production, in situ IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β, and TNF-α in tissues. A total of 32 male Wistar rats with an average age of 9 weeks and an average body weight of 250 g were divided into four treatment groups: Saline, trans-caryophyllene, pentoxifylline and atorvastatin. Oral mucositis was then induced. On days 3 and 4, the mucosa of the mouth of eight pre-treated animals in each group was bilaterally scarified twice with the tip of a sterile needle, with an anesthetic solution. Mucosal samples from animals treated with trans-caryophyllene preserved a thin epithelial lining associated with focal perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. Pentoxifylline-treated animals exhibited total epithelial loss in oral wounds with severe inflammatory infiltrates and mild re-epithelialization associated with mild and diffuse inflammatory infiltrates. Samples from atorvastatin-treated animals exhibited no epithelial dissolution, with preserved thin lining and mild diffuse inflammatory infiltrates. The analysis of TNF-α expression revealed improved results in trans-caryophyllene animals. The analysis of TGF-β expression revealed positive mononuclear cells. Preventive treatment with atorvastatin was demonstrated to modulate the serum expression levels of TNF-α during all stages of the experiment. Treatment with trans-caryophyllene modulated serum IFN-γ levels negatively, whereas treatment with atorvastatin and trans-caryophyllene maintained lower levels of IFN-γ compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Da Cruz Campos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Reproductive Biology Center, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Celso Neiva Campos
- School of Dentistry Clinic, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - José Otávio Amaral Corrêa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Fernando Monteiro Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Reproductive Biology Center, Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Juiz de Fora Health-SUPREMA, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Julião Vieira Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Reproductive Biology Center, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
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Jirapattharasate C, Udonsom R, Prachasuphap A, Jongpitisub K, Dhepakson P. Development and evaluation of recombinant GRA8 protein for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:27. [PMID: 33422085 PMCID: PMC7796619 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of sensitive and specific methods for detecting Toxoplasma gondii infection is critical for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals. Recently, various recombinant proteins have been used in serological tests for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. The production of these antigens is associated with live tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures or laboratory animals for genomic extraction to amplify target genes. Synthetic genes have gained a key role in recombinant protein production. For the first time, we demonstrated the production of the recombinant protein of the T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 (TgGRA8) gene based on commercial gene synthesis. Recombinant TgGRA8 plasmids were successfully expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The recombinant protein was affinity-purified and characterized via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of the recombinant protein was assessed using 306 field serum samples from goats via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT). RESULTS Western blotting using known positive serum samples from goats identified a single antigen at the expected molecular weight of TgGRA8 (27 kDa). iELISA illustrated that 15.40% of goat samples were positive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. In addition, TgGRA8 provided high sensitivity and specificity, with significant concordance (91.83) and kappa values (0.69) compared with the results obtained using LAT. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the production of a recombinant protein from a synthetic TgGRA8 gene and the ability to detect T. gondii infection in field samples. The sensitivity and specificity of TgGRA8 demonstrated that this protein could be a good serological marker for detecting specific IgG in goat sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Apichai Prachasuphap
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Kodcharad Jongpitisub
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Panadda Dhepakson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
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Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant Antigens in the Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Domestic and Farm Animals. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081245. [PMID: 32707821 PMCID: PMC7459674 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The very common parasite infections in animals are caused by members of Apicomplexa, including Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora sp., and Sarcocystis sp. These parasites pose serious veterinary problems. For example, the development of unambiguous diagnostic algorithms and determining the correct diagnosis are hindered by the similar antigenic structure of these parasites, as well as the multitude of similar disease symptoms presented in an infected animal. The intracellular parasite, T. gondii, infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including humans. This parasite is widespread among different animal populations, contributes to the loss of reproductive and malformations in young individuals, and can become a serious economic concern for farmers. Additionally, the consumption of undercooked or raw meat and the consumption of improperly processed milk product derived from farm animals are the main parasite transmission routes in humans. This work reviews potential improvements to diagnostic techniques that use recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in various species of animals. Abstract Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, and is a parasitic disease that occurs in all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases of animals and results in reproductive losses. Toxoplasmosis in humans is usually caused by eating raw or undercooked meat or consuming dairy products containing the parasite. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is currently based on serological assays using native antigens to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies. Due to the high price, the available commercial agglutination assays are not suited to test a large number of animal serum samples. The recent development of proteomics elucidated the antigenic structure of T. gondii and enabled the development of various recombinant antigens that can be used in new, cheaper, and more effective diagnostic tools. Continuous development of scientific disciplines, such as molecular biology and genetic engineering, allows for the production of new recombinant antigens and provides the basis for new diagnostic tests for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies in animal serum samples.
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Dubey JP, Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Murata FHA, Kwok OCH, Yang YR, Su C. All about toxoplasmosis in cats: the last decade. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109145. [PMID: 32645556 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Toxoplasmosis continues to be of public health concern. Cats (domestic and wild felids) are the most important host in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis because they are the only species that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts in feces. Cats can excrete millions of oocysts and a single cat can spread infection to many hosts. The present paper summarizes information on prevalence, persistence of infection, clinical signs, and diagnosis of T. gondii infections in domestic and wild cats for the past decade. Special emphasis is paid to genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from cats. Review of literature indicates that a unique genotype (ToxoDB genotype #9 or Chinese 1) is widely prevalent in cats in China and it has been epidemiologically linked to outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in pigs and deaths in humans in China; this genotype has rarely been detected in other countries. This review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
| | - C K Cerqueira-Cézar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - F H A Murata
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - O C H Kwok
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Y R Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - C Su
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA
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11
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Ybañez RHD, Ybañez AP, Nishikawa Y. Review on the Current Trends of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis in Humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:204. [PMID: 32457848 PMCID: PMC7227408 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of oocysts shed by an infected cat acting as its definitive host. The key to effective control and treatment of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. Several laboratory diagnostic methods have been established, including the most commonly used serological assays such as the dye test (DT), direct or modified agglutination test (DAT/MAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunochromatographic tests (ICT), and the western blot. Nonetheless, creating specific and reliable approaches for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection, and differentiating between acute and chronic phases of infection remains a challenge. This review provides information on the current trends in the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. It highlights the advantages of the use of recombinant proteins for serological testing and provides insight into the possible future direction of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Adrian P. Ybañez
- Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Ybañez RHD, Kyan H, Nishikawa Y. Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cats using an immunochromatographic test based on GRA7 antigen. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:441-445. [PMID: 32037381 PMCID: PMC7192716 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. The GRA7 of T. gondii (TgGRA7) is an essential component of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and PV membrane surrounding the tachyzoites and the cyst wall of the bradyzoites. While it has been widely employed as antigen for ELISA, there is only one study that has reported its potential as antigen for immunochromatographic test (ICT) in pigs. There is no study yet documenting its potential for ICT serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of an ICT using TgGRA7 in the detection of Toxoplasma infections in 100 cats and compared the results with iELISAs using TgGRA7 and lysate antigens of T. gondii strains, RH, PLK, and VEG. Our results revealed that TgGRA7-ICT is a reliable test for the diagnosis of anti-T. gondii antibodies in cats, producing comparable results as conventional serological methods. This study is the first report on the use of TgGRA7 as ICT antigen for the serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Haidee D Ybañez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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13
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Reynoso-Palomar A, Moreno-Gálvez D, Villa-Mancera A. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii parasite in captive Mexican jaguars determined by recombinant surface antigens (SAG1) and dense granular antigens (GRA1 and GRA7) in ELISA-based serodiagnosis. Exp Parasitol 2019; 208:107791. [PMID: 31704144 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing serious public health problems. In this study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive jaguars in 10 Mexican zoos was determined using single and mixtures of recombinant surface antigens (SAG1) and dense granular antigens (GRA1 and GRA7) in immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Their efficacy was compared with the tachyzoite lysate antigen. All recombinant antigens were characterised by high sensitivity (92.5-97.5%); the specificity of the IgG ELISAs was variable (83.3-91.6%). Mixtures of the two recombinant proteins were generally more reactive than single antigens. GRA7 + SAG1 showed the highest sensitivity (97.5%) and specificity (91.6%), almost perfect agreement (96.2%), and a kappa value of 0.89. An area under the curve value of 0.998 represented a highly accurate test with a cutoff value of 0.8. The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in the single and mixed recombinant antigen ELISAs was 75.0-76.9%. This study shows that GRA7 + SAG1 can be successfully used to diagnose T. gondii infection in jaguars for effective monitoring of prevalence and for devising control methods and prevention strategies against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, C P 75482, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
| | - Dulce Moreno-Gálvez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, C P 75482, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
| | - Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, C P 75482, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico.
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14
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Liu XY, Wang ZD, El-Ashram S, Liu Q. Toxoplasma gondii oocyst-driven infection in pigs, chickens and humans in northeastern China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:366. [PMID: 31653218 PMCID: PMC6814962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate T. gondii oocyst-driven infection in pigs, chickens and humans in Jilin province, northeastern China. Results The serum samples of pigs, chickens and humans were sampled and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using dense granule antigen GRA7, oocyst-specific protein OWP8, and sporozoite-specific protein CCp5A, respectively. Results showed a prevalence of 16.7% by GRA7-ELISA, and 12.2% by OWP8- and CCp5A-ELISA in pigs; 10.4% by GRA7-ELISA, 13.5% by OWP8-ELISA, and 9.4% by CCp5A-ELISA in chickens; and 14.2% by GRA7-ELISA, 3.6% by OWP8-ELISA, and 3.0% by CCp5A-ELISA in humans. No significant differences were observed between T. gondii seroprevalence in pigs and chickens among the three antigens-based ELISAs (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between T. gondii seroprevalence rates in humans (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated a low prevalence of T. gondii oocyst-driven infection in humans, a medium prevalence in pigs, and a high prevalence in chickens. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that different oocyst-driven infection rates in different animal species, which would help to design effective strategies to prevent T. gondii transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first study to differentiate T. gondii infective forms in pigs, chickens and humans in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.,Military Veterinary Institute Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. .,Military Veterinary Institute Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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15
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Luo J, Wan J, Tang Z, Shen S. Identification of novel antigens for serum IgG diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. Exp Parasitol 2019; 204:107722. [PMID: 31279928 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we attempted to identify antigens with high sensitivity and specificity for the serological diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. We investigated soluble proteins from the tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and excreted/secreted antigens (ESAs) from the peritoneal protein of T. gondii-infected mice. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analysis revealed that in both soluble tachyzoite antigens and ESAs, the antigens located between 25 and 35 kDa had high diagnostic sensitivity. Further analysis of antigenic specificity revealed that the antigens located between 25 and 35 kDa were specifically recognized by the sera of toxoplasmosis patients, but other parasitic diseases were not. The protein spots between 25 and 35 kDa were selected after two-dimensional electrophoresis of both soluble tachyzoite antigens and ESAs. GRA2, GRA7, and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were successfully characterized from the protein spots using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy analysis. We expressed, purified, and evaluated proteins GRA2, GRA7, and TPI. TPI is a novel antigen with potential for the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, and composite recombinant proteins (TPI, GRA2, and GRA7) have great sera diagnostic value for the detection of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Luo
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jingyi Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ziru Tang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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BAHADORI EHSANSHARIAT, SADRAEI JAVID, DALIMI ABDOLHOSEIN, NAMROODI SOMAYYEH, PIRESTANI MAJID. First isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from rodents and stray cats in northeast of Iran. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i5.90010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common coccidian parasite with stray cat family as definitive host, and a wide range of warm blooded animals and human as intermediate hosts. The objective of this study was to isolate T. gondii from rodents and stray cats in northeast of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30–50 mg of the rodents and stray cats’ tissue using phenol-chloroform extraction method. Using PCR-RFLP, the genes (SAG1, SAG3, GRA6, 18SrRNA) and sequencing method, the isolation of T. gondii from these hosts was determined. ELISA method was also used on serum samples to evaluate the IgG antibodies against T. gondii among the hosts. Out of 286 rodents and 210 stray cats tested, the DNA of T. gondii was detected in 68 and 38 samples, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the RFLP results. It was also observed that dominant genotype of T. gondii in infected rodents and stray cats belonged to genotype 3. The results of this study indicated that rodent and stray cat hosts can play an important role in maintaining the Toxoplasma transmission cycle in the Golestan province.
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17
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Oliveira GS, Ierich JCM, Moraes AS, Silva GBRF, Liu Y, de S Neto LR, Faria RR, Franca EF, Freitas LCG, Briggs JM, Leite FL. Immobilization and unbinding investigation of the antigen-antibody complex using theoretical and experimental techniques. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 86:219-227. [PMID: 30388696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results for the antibody known as immunoglobulin G - IgG interacting with phenobarbital were obtained via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thereafter investigated using computer simulation modeling tools. Using molecular dynamics simulation and docking calculations, the energetically stable configurations of an immobilized antibody over a silicon surface were searched. Six stable configurations of the immobilized antibody over the silicon nitride surface covered by linker molecules were found. Although, only three of them (P1, P2, P5) maintained the Fragment antigen binding available for antigen interaction. Therefore, these configurations were equilibrated after reaching 100 ns molecular dynamics trajectory. The average interaction energy between the surface and the immunoglobulin G - IgG antibody in the P1, P2 and P5 configurations were -62.4 ± 2.4 kcal/mol; -54.3 ± 5.7 kcal/mol, and -360.9 ± 4.2 kcal/mol respectively. Phenobarbital was docked within the Fab domain of P1, P2, and P5 immobilized configurations and equilibrated with molecular dynamics for binding energy estimation. Then, steered molecular dynamics was performed to evaluate unbinding energy pathway between phenobarbital and IgG in each of the three-oriented IgG configurations. No significant differences were observed in the rupture force values (EP1 = 591 ± 13 pN, EP2 = 605 ± 18 pN, and EP5 = 610 ± 45 pN). In comparison, the average AFM experimental results were (641.6 ± 363.3 pN). Therefore, it is worth noting that P5 is the configuration with highest protein-surface interaction. Therefore, the force value calculated for the P5 orientation is statistically more favorable and it is the one to be compared to the experimental data. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results indicates a favorable presented for this study opening new perspectives for antigen-antibody evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guedmiller S Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica C M Ierich
- Grupo de Nanoneurobiofísica, Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Ariana S Moraes
- Grupo de Nanoneurobiofísica, Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Gisela B R F Silva
- Grupo de Nanoneurobiofísica, Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Lourival R de S Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Faria
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Franca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz C G Freitas
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - James M Briggs
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Fabio L Leite
- Grupo de Nanoneurobiofísica, Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
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Evaluation of recombinant antigens in combination and single formula for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 172:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Gu Y, Wang Z, Cai Y, Li X, Wei F, Shang L, Li J, Liu Q. A comparative study of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in mink using a modified agglutination test, a Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015. [PMID: 26199291 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715596033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, and many serological methods have been developed to detect T. gondii infection in a variety of animal species. In the present study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in farmed mink in northeast China was determined using the modified agglutination test (MAT), a Western blot (WB), and 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with protein A/G conjugate, using either of 2 recombinant dense granule antigens, GRA1 and GRA7, or Toxoplasma soluble antigens (TSA). There was no significant difference between the detection results of the GRA1-, GRA7-, and TSA-ELISAs and WB (McNemar chi-square, P > 0.05), but a significant difference was observed between MAT and WB (P < 0.05). A near perfect agreement (97.0%) was found between the GRA7-ELISA and WB (κ = 0.83), and a substantial agreement (92.4-93.1%) was observed in the TSA- and GRA1-ELISAs (κ = 0.68-0.73). The GRA7-ELISA showed the highest sensitivity and specificity, and the lowest false-positive and negative rates, while the MAT gave both a low sensitivity and frequent false positives in comparison to the WB. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the largest area under curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.96), and the highest relative sensitivity (72.7%) and specificity (99.0%) for a cutoff value of 0.19 in the GRA7-ELISA. These results indicate that the GRA7-ELISA is suitable for detection of T. gondii infection in mink and that MAT should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Zedong Wang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Yufeng Cai
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Feng Wei
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Limin Shang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Jiping Li
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
| | - Quan Liu
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Gu, Wang, Shang, Li, Liu)College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China (Cai, Li, Wei)
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Isolation and genetic characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii from tissues and feces of cats from the central region of China. Vet Parasitol 2015; 211:283-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Sun X, Wang Z, Li J, Wei F, Liu Q. Evaluation of an indirect ELISA using recombinant granule antigen GRA1, GRA7 and soluble antigens for serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:161-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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