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Wang FH, Wang BB, Gao J, Yang XJ, Jia YB, Tian SY, Li X, Zhang N, Zhang XC, Wei YM, Zhang J, Cai KZ. Determination of cyclic adenosine phosphate and protein content in dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400008. [PMID: 38548685 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematode-eating fungus, is an effective component of animal parasitic nematode biocontrol agents. In the dried formulation, the majority of spores are in an endogenous dormant state. This study focuses on dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of A. flagrans to investigate the differences in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein content between the two types of spores. cAMP and soluble proteins were extracted from the nondormant chlamydospore and dormant chlamydospore of two isolates of A. flagrans. The cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit and Bradford protein concentration assay kit (Coomassie brilliant blue method) were used to detect the cAMP and protein content in two types of spores. Results showed that the content of cAMP in dormant spores of both isolates was significantly higher than that in nondormant spores (p < 0.05). The protein content of dormant spores in DH055 bacteria was significantly higher than that of nondormant spores (p < 0.05). In addition, the protein content of dormant spores of the SDH035 strain was slightly higher than that of nondormant spores, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the biochemical mechanism of chlamydospore dormancy or the germination of the nematophagous fungus A. flagrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Parasitology Laboratory, Yan'an, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yi-Bo Jia
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shu-Yue Tian
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
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Wang BB, Li YL, Tian SY, Wang HZ, Li X, Wang FH, Cai KZ. Chlamydospore dormancy and predatory activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300365. [PMID: 38012466 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans are an essential survival and reproductive structure and also an effective ingredient for the biocontrol of parasitic nematodes in livestock. In this study, entering and exiting dormancy conditions and predatory activity of the fungal chlamydospores were conducted. During this fungal growth process, the cultivation time is negatively correlated with spore germination rates. After the spores were processed by vacuum drying for 168 h, their germination rate dropped to 0.94%. In contrast, the percentage of living spores remained 54.82%, suggesting that the spores entered structural dormancy in the arid environment. Meanwhile, the efficacies of the spore against Haemonchus contortus larvae were 93.05% (0 h), 92.19% (16 h), 92.77% (96 h), and 86.45% (168 h), respectively. After dormant spores were stored at 4°C, -20°C, and 28°C (RH90 ~ 95%) for 7 days, their germination rate began to increase significantly (p < 0.05). For in vitro predation assay under the condition of 28°C (RH90 ~ 95%), the predation rate was significantly higher on the 7th day after incubation than that on the 3rd day (p < 0.05). During the period when spores were stored at room temperature for 8 months, their germination rate decreased in the first 5 months and then increased slowly to reach a peak in the 7th month. However, the reduction rate of H. contortus L3 in feces captured by spores remained above 71% for the first 7 months. These results will help us increase the end products yield and the quality of biological control of parasitic nematodes in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Parasitology Laboratory, Yan'an, China
| | - You-Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shu-Yue Tian
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungi Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- Department of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
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Wang BB, Wang FH, Wang YJ, Jia YB, Tian SY, Zhang XC, Xue YJ, Li YL, Cai KZ. Microstructure characterization of different types of chlamydospores in Arthrobotrys flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:32-41. [PMID: 37699751 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The morphological and structural differences of different types of chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematophagous fungus, were studied under light microscope and electron microscope to provide a reference for the biological control of parasitic nematodiasis. In this study, A. flagrans isolate F088 dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore were selected as the research objects. The structural differences of these spores were observed by optical microscopy through lactol cotton blue, Trypan blue, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining. FunXite -1, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and calcofluor white staining were used to observe the metabolic activity, cell wall, and nucleus differences of the two types of spores under fluorescence microscope. Ultrastructure of the two kinds of spores was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Since lacto phenol cotton blue, trypan blue staining cannot distinguish dormant spores from dead spores, MTT assay was performed. Fluorescence microscopy observation showed that the cytoplasmic metabolic activity of nondormant spores was stronger than that of dormant spores. The nucleus of dormant spores was bright blue, and their fluorescence was stronger than that of nondormant spores. The cell wall of nondormant spores produced stronger yellow-green fluorescence than that of dormant spores. Ultrastructural observation showed that there were globular protuberances on the surface of the two types of spores but with no significant difference between them. The inner wall of dormant spore possesses a thick zona pellucida with high electron density which was significantly thicker than that of nondormant spores, and their cytoplasm is also changed. In this study, the microstructure characteristics of dormant and nondormant chlamydospores of A. flagrans fungi were preliminarily clarified, suggesting that the state of cell wall and intracellular materials were changed after spores entered to dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Parasitology Laboratory, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng-Hui Wang
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungi Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, China
| | - Yu-Jue Wang
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yi-Bo Jia
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shu-Yue Tian
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ya-Juan Xue
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - You-Lei Li
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
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Céspedes-Gutiérrez E, Aragón DM, Gómez-Álvarez MI, Cubides-Cárdenas JA, Cortés-Rojas DF. Nematode predatory ability of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans affected by in vitro sequential exposure to ovine gastrointestinal tract. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1405-1412. [PMID: 37010778 PMCID: PMC10484810 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematophagous fungus employed as a biocontrol agent of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. After oral ingestion and passage through the digestive tract of animals, this microorganism captures the nematodes in the feces. The drastic conditions of ruminant digestive tract could affect fungi chlamydospores and therefore biocontrol activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of four ruminant digestive segments on the concentration and nematode predatory ability of a Colombian native strain of D. flagrans. The sequential four-step methodology proposed evaluated conditions of the oral cavity, rumen, abomasum, and small intestine such as pH (2, 6, 8), enzymes (pepsin, pancreatin), temperature (39 °C), and anaerobiosis comparing short (7 h) and long (51 h) exposure times. The results showed that the nematode predatory ability of the fungi is affected by sequential exposure to gastrointestinal segments and this effect depends on the exposure time to those conditions. After short exposure (7 h) through the four ruminant digestive segments, the fungi had a nematode predatory ability of 62%, in contrast, after long exposure (51 h) the nematode predatory ability was lost (0%). Moreover, the number of broken chlamydospores was higher in the long-exposure assay.
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Mendoza-de Gives P. Soil-Borne Nematodes: Impact in Agriculture and Livestock and Sustainable Strategies of Prevention and Control with Special Reference to the Use of Nematode Natural Enemies. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060640. [PMID: 35745494 PMCID: PMC9229181 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-borne parasitic nematodes cause severe deterioration in the health of crops and supply animals, leading to enormous economic losses in the agriculture and livestock industry worldwide. The traditional strategy to control these parasites has been based on chemically synthesised compounds with parasiticidal activity, e.g., pesticides and anthelmintic drugs, which have shown a negative impact on the environment. These compounds affect the soil’s beneficial microbiota and can also remain as toxic residues in agricultural crops, e.g., fruits and legumes, and in the case of animal products for human consumption, toxic residues can remain in milk, meat, and sub-products derived from the livestock industry. Other alternatives of control with much less negative environmental impact have been studied, and new strategies of control based on the use of natural nematode enemies have been proposed from a sustainable perspective. In this review, a general view of the problem caused by parasitic nematodes affecting the agriculture and livestock industry, traditional methods of control, and new strategies of control based on eco-friendly alternatives are briefly described, with a special focus on a group of natural nematode antagonists that have been recently explored with promising results against plagues of importance for agricultural and livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), Laboratory of Helminthology, National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos 62550, Mexico
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Kassam R, Yadav J, Chawla G, Kundu A, Hada A, Jaiswal N, Bollinedi H, Kamil D, Devi P, Rao U. Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungal Species of Arthrobotrys and Tolypocladium for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790223. [PMID: 34956156 PMCID: PMC8702965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are agriculturally important pests, and biocontrol strategies offer safer alternatives for their management. In the present study, two fungal species from Indian soils were identified as Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum based on morphological characteristics and further confirmed using molecular markers. In vitro evaluation of A. thaumasia against M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans showed 82 and 73% parasitism, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum gave 65.2 and 57.7% parasitism, respectively. Similarly, culture filtrates of A. thaumasia caused 57.7 and 53.7% mortality of M. incognita and C. elegans, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum caused higher mortality of 87.3 and 64%, respectively. Besides, greenhouse evaluation of both fungi against M. incognita infecting tomato significantly reduced nematode disease burden reflecting parasitic success measured as the total number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and derived nematode multiplication factor. Application of A. thaumasia and T. cylindrosporum reduced nematode multiplication factor by 80 and 95%, respectively, compared with control. General metabolite profiling of tested fungi using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry reported for the first time here showed presence of various volatile and non-volatile compounds with nematicidal activity, viz., trimethyl-heptadiene, methyl-hexadecanol, dodecadienal, decane, terpendole E, dodecane, acetamido-6-anthraquinone, and hexadecanol. Also, other compounds such as undecane, dibutyl-disulfide, octadecenal, paganin, talathermophilin, dactylarin, tolypyridone A, tolypyridone B, pyridoxatin, and destruxin were identified, reported in the literature to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. This is the first report of the occurrence of both fungi from India and pioneer demonstration of T. cylindrosporum for root-knot nematode management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Kassam
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Alkesh Hada
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Jaiswal
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prameela Devi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Uma Rao, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-2921
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High Predatory Capacity of a Novel Arthrobotrys oligospora Variety on the Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rhabditomorpha: Trichostrongylidae). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070815. [PMID: 34209763 PMCID: PMC8308572 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the worldwide development of anthelmintic resistance, new alternative approaches for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep are urgently required. In this work, we identified and characterized native nematode-trapping fungi. We collected seven isolates of fungi with the capacity to form adhesive, three-dimensional networks as the main mechanism to capture, kill, and consume nematodes. The nematode-trapping fungi were classified into two groups; the first group includes the R2-13 strain, showing faster growth, abundant aerial hyphae, scarce conidia production, bigger conidia, and it formed a clade with Arthrobotrys oligospora sensu stricto. The second comprises the A6, A12, A13, R2-1, R2-6, and R2-14 strains, showing a growth adhering to the culture medium, forming little aerial hyphae, smaller conidia, and these formed a sister clade to A. oligospora. Except for the R2-6 strain, conidia production was induced by light. In all the strains, the predatory capacity against the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus was greater than 58% compared with the control group. The A6 and A13 strains were the most active against the infective H. contortus third instar (L3) larvae, with an average capture capacity of 91%. Altogether, our results support evidence for a novel A. oligospora variety with high nematode-trapping activity and promissory in helminthic control.
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Wang B, Zhang N, Gong P, Li J, Wang X, Li X, Wang F, Cai K, Zhang X. In vitro assays on the susceptibility of four species of nematophagous fungi to anthelmintics and chemical fungicides/antifungal drug. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:124-131. [PMID: 33590540 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using nematophagous fungi for the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes will become one of the most promising strategies in the search for alternative chemical drugs. The purpose of this study was to check the in vitro activity of four anthelmintics, four chemical fungicides and two antifungal drugs on the spore germination of nematophagous fungi: Duddingtonia flagrans (SF170), Arthrobotrys oligospora (447), Arthrobotrys superba (435) and Arthrobotrys sp. (PS011). A modified 24-well cell culture plate assay was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of nematophagous fungi against drugs tested by calculating the effective middle concentrations (EC50 ) of each tested drug to inhibit the germination of fungal spores. EC50 ranged between 0·7 and 47·2 μg ml-1 for fenbendazole, thiabendazole and ivermectin, except levamisole (546·5-4057·8 μg ml-1 ). EC50 of tested fungicides was 0·6-2·3 μg ml-1 for carbendazim, 55·9-247·4 μg ml-1 for metalaxyl, 24·4-45·2 μg ml-1 for difenoconazole, and 555·9-1438·3 μg ml-1 for pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). EC50 of two antifungal drugs was 0·03-3·4 μg ml-1 for amphotericin B and 0·3-10·9 μg ml-1 for ketoconazole. The results showed that 10 tested drugs, except for levamisole and PCNB, had in vitro inhibitory effects on nematophagous fungi. The chlamydospores of D. flagrans had the highest sensitivity to nine tested drugs, except for ketoconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - P Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Wang
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - K Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang B, Zhang N, Gong PT, Li J, Yang J, Zhang X, Cai K. Effect of temperature, pH, physical and chemical factors on germination rate of the chlamydospores of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5584339. [PMID: 31598721 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly investigated the effects of environmental factors on the germination/dormancy, sporulation and resistance of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores. Results showed that the germination temperature of chlamydospores was >10°C and ≤35°C. After the chlamydospores were treated at -20, -40 and -80°C for 12-24 h, they still had the ability to germinate. The chlamydospores germinated at pH 3-13 but did not germinate at pH 1-2 and pH 14. The chlamydospores could tolerate ultraviolet rays for 720 min, but visible light irradiation for 24 h significantly reduced their germination rate. The chlamydospores did not germinate under anaerobic conditions. After the chlamydospores were cultured on water agar (WA) containing 5, 10 and 20% NaCl, their germination rate was significantly inhibited. Once NaCl was removed, the chlamydospores almost completely recovered their germination ability. Among the nine kinds of additives used in the study, 0.3% arginine significantly promoted spore germination (P < 0.05) but 1% trehalose and 1% glycerine significantly inhibited spore germination during incubation from 24 h to 48 h (P < 0.05). This work indicated that D. flagrans chlamydospores are highly resistant to environmental variations and so could be used for biocontrol of animal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kuizheng Cai
- College of Life Science Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Wang BB, Zhang N, Gong PT, Li JH, Yang J, Zhang HB, Zhang XC, Cai KZ. Morphological variability, molecular phylogeny, and biological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:645-657. [PMID: 30900744 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological variability, nematode-capturing ability, and other biological properties of Chinese Duddingtonia flagrans isolates. We isolated 13 isolates of D. flagrans and found features that have never been reported before, such as two to three septa incluing club-shaped conidia. Meanwhile, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis of the seven isolates and tested the radical growth of the isolates under different pH values, temperatures, and media. The capturing ability against infective larvae (L3) of Cooperia spp. in yak was detected in vitro. Finally, one isolate was selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the trap formation process. The fungal sequence was obtained and submitted to GenBank (Accession no. KY288614.1, KU881774.1, KP257593.1, KY419119.1, MF488979.1, MF488980.1, and MF488981.1), and the tested isolates were identified as D. flagrans. Except for three isolates, the radial growth of the other isolates on 2% corn meal agar and 2% water agar exhibited faster growth than on other media. The fungus could not grow at 10 and 40°C but grew within 11 to 30°C. Moreover, it did not grow at pH 1-3 and 13-14, but instead at pH 4-12. In the in vitro experimental, L3s were reduced by 94.36%, 88.15%, and 91.04% for SDH035, DH055, and F088, respectively. SEM results showed that at 8 hr post addition of nematodes, some of the latter were captured. In the later stages of the interaction of the fungus with nematodes, a large number of chlamydospores were produced, especially on the predation trap. Results of the present study provided information about the molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological variability, nematode-capturing ability, and other biological properties of Chinese Arthrobotrys flagrans isolates before administering them for biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Acute Oral Toxicity of Vetom 21.77 Based on Duddingtonia Flagrans in Broiler Chickens. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 14-d study was undertaken to test the acute toxicity of a new preparation Vetom 21.77 based on the predacious fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. A total of 40 healthy 5-day-old broiler chickens (Hubbard F15, 100 ± 5 g), that had previously gone through a required 5-days adaptation to the environment, were orally dosed with the drug for 5 consecutive days at different doses, after which their health status was assessed daily up to the end of the experiment. According to the results, no substantial changes in the physiological state of the chickens were detected during the experiment. Internal organs weighing revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups, though weight coefficient values of internal organs of treated chickens slightly exceeded those of the control group. Some haematological parameters were significantly higher in the treatment group, without going beyond reference ranges. All chickens used in the experiment survived the study. The preparation has not produced any toxic effect even at a higher dose (4000 µL/kg bw/day). It is concluded that Vetom 21.77 pertains to preparations of IV toxicity class.
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Mendoza-de Gives P, López-Arellano ME, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Olazarán-Jenkins S, Reyes-Guerrero D, Ramírez-Várgas G, Vega-Murillo VE. The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans reduces the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode larvae population in faeces of orally treated calves maintained under tropical conditions—Dose/response assessment. Vet Parasitol 2018; 263:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xue YJ, Li EL, Jing CX, Ma L, Cai KZ. Isolation, identification and characterization of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys (Monacrosporium) sinense from China. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:325-332. [PMID: 29654670 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the development of anthelmintic resistance of parastic nematodes, it is necessary to isolate and study nematophagous fungi to screen out the native isolates for their potential in the biocontrol of domestic animal nematodosis. This study aimed to isolate the Arthrobotrys sinense (Monacrosporium sinense) of nematophagous fungus, to characterize representative molecular isolates using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and to determine the effect of the temperature and pH values on radial growth of the isolate. Five isolates were isolated from 1532 samples of different types, and their occurrence frequencies were 0.32% of the total samples. They were identified as A. sinense by means of morphology and the sequence of the 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rDNA, as well as internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2. The isolate NBS003 could grow from 11°C to 35°C and had optimal growth at 30°C. The isolate could grow at pH 4 to 11, and its optimal value was obtained at pH 9. SEM results showed that 6 h after their addition, the second stage larvae (L2) and the third stage infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus were captured. L2 and L3 were penetrated by the fungus at 18 and 24 h post-capture, respectively. L2 and L3 were completely digested at 84 and 90 h post-capture, respectively. The NBS003 of the A. sinense should have a certain potential to be used for capturing the free-living stage of nematodes in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Xue
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Er-Le Li
- Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Jing
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
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Dai HW, Xu Q, Wang BB, Jia XY, Wan XM, Yang XC, Cai KZ, Liu ZB. In Vitro, in Vivo, and Interaction Studies of Nematophagous FungusArthrobotrys thaumasia(Monacrosporium thaumasium) with the Larvae of Trichostrongylides of Sheep. J Parasitol 2017; 103:692-698. [DOI: 10.1645/16-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Dai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Jia
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xue-Cai Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Cai KZ, Wang BB, Xu Q, Liu JL, Wang KY, Xue YJ, Zhang HY, Wang HY, Cao X, Ma ZR. In vitro and in vivo studies of nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Arthrobotrys robusta against the larvae of the trichostrongylides. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:666-674. [PMID: 28682779 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Six isolates of Arthrobotrys musiformis and five isolates of Arthrobotrys robusta were assessed in in vitro test regarding the capacity of prey larvae of the natural mixed trichostrongylides. In 5 isolates of A. robusta, the decrease percentage of infective larvae (L3) of trichostrongylides ranged from 97.71%-99.98% and for the isolates of A. musiformis, 5 isolates ranged from 97.99%-99.95% and only NF015 isolate 60.72%. In the following, the isolate (NPS045) of A. musiformis was selected to assess its excretion time in feces after oral administration of goats. Regarding L3 reduction rate, results demonstrated by NPS045 at each time point after fungal administration were 31.65% (12 h), 51.25% (24 h), 41.07% (48 h), 6.44% (72 h), 0% (96 h) and (120 h) (p<0.05) respectively, when compared to the control group. In the plates of the treated groups, the presence of the isolate (NPS045) was detected in samples at 12, 24 and 48 h after the fungus dose and 72 h later was not done. All native isolates of nematophagous fungi, including 6 isolates of A. musiformis and 5 isolates of A. robusta were assessed in vivo regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through goat gastrointestinal tract. The 3 isolates of A. musiformis could be able to pass through the digestive tract of goats without complete loss of ability of preying larvae of trichostrongylides in feces and their efficacies ranged from 47.60% to 55.93%. The two isolates of A. robusta survived the passage and the percentage reduction of L3 in feces were 41.96% and 66.97%, respectively. The remaining isolates were negative for both the efficacy of L3 reduction and the fungal examination in feces. In this study, the native isolates whose efficacies are good in vivo test have preliminarily demonstrated to be potential for the biological control of small ruminant parasite.
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Cai KZ, Wang FH, Wang KY, Liu JL, Wang BB, Xu Q, Xue YJ, Wang F, Zhang C, Fang WX, Cai B, Liu YQ, Cao X, Ma ZR. In vitro predatory activity of Arthrobotrys oligospora and after passing through gastrointestinal tract of small ruminants on infective larvae of trichostrongylides. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ortiz Pérez DO, Sánchez Muñoz B, Nahed Toral J, Orantes Zebadúa MÁ, Cruz López JL, Reyes García ME, Mendoza de Gives P. Using Duddingtonia flagrans in calves under an organic milk farm production system in the Mexican tropics. Exp Parasitol 2017; 175:74-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Wang BB, Wang FH, Xu Q, Wang KY, Xue YJ, Ren R, Zeng JQ, Liu Y, Zhang HY, Wang HY, Cai B, Cai KZ, Cao X. In vitroandin vivostudies of the native isolates of nematophagous fungi from China against the larvae of trichostrongylides. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:265-275. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | | | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Kang-Ying Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Yu-Jia Xue
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Rui Ren
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Jia-Qing Zeng
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Bin Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
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