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Warren MB, Jacobs F, Dutton HR, Netherlands EC, DuPreez LH, Bullard SA. First report of a fish blood fluke from sub-Saharan Africa: Nomasanguinicola dentata (Paperna, 1964) Warren and Bullard, 2023 infecting African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Teugles, 1982 in the Kavango River, Namibia, and a revised phylogeny for Sanguinicolidae Poche, 1926. Parasitol Int 2024; 100:102862. [PMID: 38237673 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We herein provide a supplemental description of Nomasanguinicola dentata (Paperna, 1964) Warren and Bullard, 2023 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) and provide a revised 28S phylogeny to test relationships among freshwater fish blood flukes. We examined the heart of three African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Teugles, 1982 from the Kavango River (northeastern Namibia) that was infected with adults of N. dentata. This blood fluke differs from N. canthoensis by having a body 5.3-6.7 longer than wide (vs. 3.5-4.6), an anterior esophageal swelling 7-8% (vs. 14-24%) of total esophageal length, a posterior esophageal swelling 3-5% (vs. 8-10%) of total esophageal length, a pre-cecal (vs. wholly post-cecal) testis, and an ovary that does not extend laterally beyond the nerve cords. The 28S sequence for N. dentata differed from that of N. canthoensis by 144 bp (9% difference). The phylogenetic analysis recovered these species as sister taxa and Sanguinicolidae as monophyletic. This is the first report of a fish blood fluke from sub-Saharan Africa, and the first report of a species of Nomasanguinicola from Africa in ∼40 yrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah B Warren
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Francois Jacobs
- Kamutjonga Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Divundu, Namibia
| | - Haley R Dutton
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Edward C Netherlands
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Louis H DuPreez
- African African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
| | - Stephen A Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Outa JO, Avenant-Oldewage A. Underreported and taxonomically problematic: characterization of sanguinicolid larvae from freshwater limpets (Burnupiidae), with comments on the phylogeny and intermediate hosts of sanguinicolids. Parasitology 2024; 151:108-124. [PMID: 38018394 PMCID: PMC10941044 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202300121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood flukes of freshwater fish are understudied worldwide. Consequently, genetic information and data on their intramolluscan stages are scarce. In the current study, freshwater limpets of the genus Burnupia (Burnupiidae) from South Africa were examined for digeneans. Of 1645 specimens, 3.10% were infected by Sanguinicolidae larvae. Four sanguinicolids were distinguished by body size, number of penetration glands, tegumental spines’ patterns and relative sizes of the finfolds on the body and furcae. Analyses of 28S, 18S and ITS rDNA sequences showed that the morphotypes were distinct from each other and from sanguinicolids whose genetic data are available. The present study is the first genetic characterization of sanguinicolids from Africa. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the present species clustered with a sanguinicolid from Poland and were sister to Sanguinicola and Pseudosanguinicola from Russia and USA, respectively. The results indicate that the current species represent an unknown genus. What is more, blood fluke sequences from East Africa (presumed to be sanguinicolids), were distant from Sanguinicolidae and showed a closer relationship with acipensericolids from the USA. Freshwater fish blood flukes seem to be more diverse than previously recorded and use species of at least 13 gastropod families as intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Omondi Outa
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park B-2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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