1
|
da Rosa G, Roman IJ, Gressler LT, Cargnelutti JF, Vogel FSF. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis neurona in tissues of wild boars ( Sus scrofa) in the border region between Brazil and Uruguay. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:74-80. [PMID: 38440759 PMCID: PMC10908719 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcocystis neurona, owing to its clinical importance in domestic animals, is currently one of the most studied agents, presenting a wide range of intermediate hosts that have not yet been described, mainly in wild fauna. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the detection and molecular detection of S. neurona by amplification of the 18S rRNA region in the tissues of wild boars killed by boar control program in border Brazil Uruguay. A total of 79 samples of DNA from wild boar tissues from the LADOPAR/UFSM sampling bank were used, with Nested-PCR reactions being performed for amplification of the 18S rRNA region and the expected final product of 290 bp. Subsequently, the positive samples were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique with the restriction enzymes DdeI and HPAII. A second semi-Nested reaction was performed to obtain a larger sequence of nucleotides with amplification of the 18S region and the expected final product of 500 bp for S. neurona and Nested amplification ITS1 with product final of 367 pb. In 32 samples, it was possible to detect S. neurona both by nested Nested-PCR reaction and RFLP, and the presence of the agent was confirmed by sequencing, corresponding to 40.51% of the total tissues evaluated. This is the first report of the occurrence of this species of Sarcocystis in wild boars, and further studies evaluating the role of these animals as intermediate hosts, and in the epidemiology of this protozoan are necessary, as well as verifying the risk factors for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilneia da Rosa
- Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, University Federal of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, University Federal of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Letícia Trevisan Gressler
- Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Farroupilha Federal Institute, Campus Frederico Westphalen, Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University Federal of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flôres Vogel
- Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, University Federal of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamzavi Y, Salimi Y, Ahmadi M, Adimi P, Falahi S, Bozorgomid A. Global prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2192-2200. [PMID: 37417729 PMCID: PMC10508548 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neosporosis has been considered a cause of abortion in dairy and beef cattle worldwide. Rodents are reservoir hosts for several infectious diseases. It is necessary to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents to improve the current understanding of the transmission dynamics of Neospora as well as its life cycle and risk of transmission to livestock. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the pooled global prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species. METHODS Published studies on the prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar and the reference lists of the retrieved articles until July 30, 2022. The eligible studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data were verified and analysed using the random-effect meta-analysis. RESULT For this meta-analysis, a total of 4372 rodents from 26 eligible studies were included. The global prevalence of N. caninum in rodents was estimated at 5% (95% CI 2%-9%), with the highest prevalence in Asia (12%; 95% CI 6%-24%) and lowest prevalence in America (3%; 95% CI 1%-14%) and Europe (3%; 95% CI 1%-6%). N. caninum was more prevalent in females (4%; 95% CI 2%-9%) than in males (3%; 95% CI 1%-11%). The most common diagnostic test was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (21 studies). The pooled prevalence of N. caninum in rodents based on the diagnostic method was as follows: immunohistochemistry: 11% (95% CI 6%-20%), NAT: 5% (95% CI 4%-7%), IFAT: 5% (95% CI 2%-13%) and PCR: 3% (95% CI 1%-9%). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed a relatively low but widespread prevalence of N. caninum infection in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Hamzavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologySchool of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of HealthHealth Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mobin Ahmadi
- Student Research CommitteeKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Parvaneh Adimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of MedicineTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologySchool of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borkowski EA, Shotton J, Smyth JA. Leiomyosarcoma with widespread metastases in a capybara. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:848-853. [PMID: 35762094 PMCID: PMC9446303 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10.5-y-old intact female capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) with a history of chronic weight loss was euthanized following discovery by palpation of a large intra-abdominal mass. Postmortem examination revealed a large, firm, tan mass expanding the uterine body and extensively adhered to the jejunum and abdominal wall. Numerous pinpoint to 3-cm diameter, tan-to-red, raised masses were present throughout the parietal peritoneum, liver, lungs, and intestinal serosa. Histologic examination of the uterine mass revealed well-differentiated smooth muscle intermixed with abundant collagen, interspersed with a highly anaplastic spindle cell population extending to the serosa; the masses in the lung, liver, and peritoneum were histologically very similar to the anaplastic uterine spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterus and lung confirmed smooth muscle origin of the anaplastic cells. To our knowledge, leiomyosarcoma has not been reported previously in a capybara, and the widespread metastases in this case represent an unusually aggressive presentation of this rare malignancy. The animal also had an incidental dermal histiocytoma, a tumor that has also not been reported previously in this species, to our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Borkowski
- Emma A. Borkowski, Department of
Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph,
Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | - Joan A. Smyth
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Microsporidia are pathogenic organism related to fungi. They cause infections in a wide variety of mammals as well as in avian, amphibian, and reptilian hosts. Many microsporidia species play an important role in the development of serious diseases that have significant implications in human and veterinary medicine. While microsporidia were originally considered to be opportunistic pathogens in humans, it is now understood that infections also occur in immune competent humans. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are primarily mammalian pathogens. However, many other species of microsporidia that have some other primary host that is not a mammal have been reported to cause sporadic mammalian infections. Experimental models and observations in natural infections have demonstrated that microsporidia can cause a latent infection in mammalian hosts. This chapter reviews the published studies on mammalian microsporidiosis and the data on chronic infections due to these enigmatic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Sak
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kváč
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gondim LFP, Soares RM, Moré G, Jesus RFD, Llano HAB. Sarcocystis neurona and related Sarcocystis spp. shed by opossums (Didelphis spp.) in South America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e006521. [PMID: 34259741 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis are obligatory heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidia that infect a wide variety of animals and encompass approximately 200 described species. At least four Sarcocystis spp. (S. falcatula, S. neurona, S. lindsayi and S. speeri) use opossums (Didelphis spp.) as definitive hosts, and two of them, S. neurona and S. falcatula, are known to cause disease in horses and birds, respectively. Opossums are restricted to the Americas, but their distribution in the Americas is heterogeneous. Five Didelphis spp. are distributed in South America (D. aurita, D. albiventris, D. marsupialis, D. imperfecta and D. pernigra) whereas just one opossum species (D. virginiana) is found in North America. Studies conducted in the last decades show that Sarcocystis spp., derived from South American Didelphis spp., have biological and genetic differences in relation to Sarcocystis spp. shed by the North American opossum D. virginiana. The aim of this review was to address the peculiar scenario of Sarcocystis species shed by South American opossums, with a special focus on diagnosis, epidemiology, and animal infections, as well as the genetic characteristics of these parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Pita Gondim
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gastón Moré
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogério Fernando de Jesus
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Horwald Alexander Bedoya Llano
- Grupo de Investigación - GINVER, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Souza SLPD, Benatti HR, Luz HR, Costa FB, Pacheco RDC, Labruna MB. Endoparasites of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from anthropized and natural areas of Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e027420. [PMID: 34076155 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of endoparasites in fecal samples of capybaras from anthropized areas in seven cities in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, and natural areas in two locations in the Pantanal biome. For the parasitological evaluation of samples, feces were subjected to centrifugal sedimentation in water-ether and centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution. Out of the 113 samples examined, 97.3% (110/113) were positive for the presence of helminth eggs and/or protozoan oocysts, with 96.7% (89/92) and 100% (21/21) in capybaras from anthropized and natural areas, respectively. Helminth eggs belonging to the Class Cestoda (Monoecocestus spp.), Class Digenea, and Class Nematoda (Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloides chapini, Protozoophaga obesa, and Capillaria hydrochoeri) were detected. Coccidia oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. The difference found was in the occurrence of S. chapini between anthropized and natural areas, as S. chapini was not detected in natural areas. Capybaras from anthropized areas showed a greater species richness of endoparasites, including species such as Fasciola hepatica and Cryptosporidium spp., that might have zoonotic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Luís Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hector Ribeiro Benatti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hermes Ribeiro Luz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia do Renorbio, Ponto Focal Maranhão, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - Francisco Borges Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - Richard de Campos Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Leptospira spp. in free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from the Atlantic Forest. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Ferrer E, García H, Bolivar A, Cañizales I, Guerrero R, Herrera L. First molecular detection of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli and Leishmania spp. in capybaras. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 23:100516. [PMID: 33678371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara), is a widely distributed rodent in Latin America, with exploitation for food purposes and also used in leather industry products. The infection of this rodent by trypanosomatids may not be detected by parasitological methods, due to low parasitemias. The Capybaras blood samples from the Apure State were collected on filter paper, DNA was extracted and PCR was performed. The PCR technique was used for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi satellite and kinetoplast DNA, T. rangeli miniexon, T. evansi RIME sequence, and DNA encoding ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 from Leishmania spp. Of the 16 evaluated samples, 12 (75%) were positive for T. cruzi, two for T. rangeli (12.5%), one for Leishmania spp. (6.3%) and none for T. evansi. Regarding coinfection, the two specimens infected with T. rangeli were also infected with T. cruzi (12.5%) and the positive sample for Leishmania spp. was also infected with T. cruzi (6.3%). The results shown in this study represent the first finding of T. cruzi infection, detected by molecular methods, world-wide and the first time that T. rangeli and Leishmania spp. have been found in capybaras. In addition, we report coinfections by T. cruzi/T. rangeli and T. cruzi/Leishmania spp. in H. hydrochaeris for the first time world-wide. Capybaras are widely managed as a source of animal protein, the results obtained require evaluating their possible role as a reservoir in trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. A 'One Health' approach through combination of ecological, veterinary and human health including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of both humans and animals is essential for the development of more successful health programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana-Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Venezuela.
| | - Herakles García
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biología Molecular de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Alejandro Bolivar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana-Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Israel Cañizales
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ricardo Guerrero
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lima DCVDE, Melo RPBDE, Andrade MR, DE Alcântara AM, Magalhães FJR, Carvalho JCS, Silva RADA, Costa MMDA, Mota RA. Low frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in rodents in Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20190439. [PMID: 31800709 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Neospora caninum antibodies in rodents from the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, and to contribute to epidemiological data on neosporosis in this region. Blood samples were collected from 154 black-rats (Rattus rattus) and 12 rock-cavies (Kerodon rupestris). The search for anti-N. caninum antibodies was made using the NAT technique, with a cut-off of 1:20. The frequency of positive mice was 5.19% (8/154 - 1:20 titer) and all rock-cavies were negative. The low frequency of antibodies against N. caninum in rodents found in the Island shows the low contamination of the environment where these animals live.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora C V DE Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renata P B DE Melo
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Muller R Andrade
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adrianne M DE Alcântara
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Departamento de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas/UFAL, Fazenda São Luiz, s/n, 57700-000 Viçosa, AL, Brazil
| | - Fernando Jorge R Magalhães
- Unidade de Vigilância em Saúde, Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha, BR 363, s/n, Floresta Nova, 53990-000 Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C S Carvalho
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renato A DA Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mateus M DA Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco/UNIVASF, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-917 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo A Mota
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antunes JMADP, Borges IA, Trindade GDS, Kroon EG, Cruvinel TMDA, Peres MG, Megid J. Exposure of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) to the vaccinia virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:481-485. [PMID: 31574216 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of free-ranging animals/hunting dogs as sources of infection in the vaccinia virus (VACV) transmission chain. Serological, cell culture and molecular assays were conducted in 56 free-ranging animals and 22 hunting dogs. ELISA/neutralizing assays showed that two (2.5%) capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) had anti-OPV positive antibodies, while all samples tested negative through PCR/cell culture. After being hit by cars on roads, capybaras that exhibited neither clinical signs nor any association with bovine outbreaks had neutralizing antibodies against the Orthopoxvirus, as detected through plaque-reduction neutralizing tests and ELISA. Evidence exists regarding peridomestic capybaras acting as a source of the virus and serving as a link between wild and urban environments, thus contributing to viral maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iara Apolinário Borges
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Gea Peres
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane Megid
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A morphological, molecular and life cycle study of the capybara parasite Hippocrepis hippocrepis (Trematoda: Notocotylidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221662. [PMID: 31442291 PMCID: PMC6707557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocrepis hippocrepis is a notocotylid that has been widely reported in capybaras; however, the molluscs that act as intermediate hosts of this parasite remain unknown. Furthermore, there are currently no molecular data available for H. hippocrepis regarding its phylogenetic relationship with other members of the family Notocotylidae. In the present study, we collected monostome cercariae and adult parasites from the planorbid Biomphalaria straminea and in the large intestine of capybaras, respectively, from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We subjected them to morphological and molecular (amplification and sequencing of partial regions of 28S and cox-1 genes) studies. Adult parasites collected from the capybaras were identified as H. hippocrepis and the sequences obtained for both molecular markers showed 100% similarity with monostome cercariae found in B. straminea. The sequences obtained for H. hippocrepis were compared with data available in public databases; analysis revealed this species differs from other notocotylids with available sequences (1.5–3.8% with respect to 28S and 11.4%–13.8% with respect to cox-1). On the phylogenetic analyses, H. hippocrepis appeared to be a distinct lineage in relation to other notocotylids. Some ecological aspects related to the infection of capybaras with H. hippocrepis are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Calero-Bernal R, Dubey JP, Gennari SM. All about neosporosis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:253-279. [PMID: 28876360 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is protozoan parasite with domestic and wild dogs, coyotes and grey wolves as the definitive hosts and many warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It was cultivated and named in 1988. Neosporosis is a major disease of cattle and has no public health significance. Since 1990's N. caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in Brazil. N. caninum also causes clinical infections in several other animal species. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology of N. caninum and there are more than 200 papers on this subject from Brazil. However, most of the reports on neosporosis from Brazil are serological surveys. Overall, little is known of clinical neosporosis in Brazil, particularly cattle. The few reports pertain to sporadic cases of abortion with no information on epidemics or storms of abortion. The objective of the present review is to summarize all reports from Brazil and suggest topic for further research, including prevalence of N. caninum oocysts in soil or in canine feces, and determining if there are additional definitive hosts, other than the domestic dog. There is need for a national survey in cattle using defined parameters. Future researches should focus on molecular characterization of N. caninum strains, possibility of vaccine production and relationship between wildlife and livestock epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Koutsodontis Cerqueira-Cézar
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jitender Prakash Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abreu JAPD, Krawczak FDS, Nunes FP, Labruna MB, Pena HFDJ. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Itu Municipality, São Paulo. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2016; 25:116-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are the largest rodents found in South America. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in 170 free-living capybaras in a residential park area in Itu Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for T. gondii (IFAT ≥ 1:16) and N. caninum (IFAT ≥ 1:50). Among the 170 samples analyzed, 10% (17/170) and 0% (0/170) were seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. This study confirms the widespread presence of T. gondii and reinforces the role of capybaras in the life cycle of this parasite. Capybaras may not be important as intermediate hosts of N. caninum in the studied environment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lindsay DS. Presidential Address: My Time with the Parasites. J Parasitol 2015; 101:610-5. [PMID: 26312546 DOI: 10.1645/15-857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0342
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A review of neosporosis and pathologic findings of Neospora caninum infection in wildlife. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2015; 4:216-38. [PMID: 25973393 PMCID: PMC4427759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that is the etiologic agent of neosporosis, a devastating infectious disease regarded as a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs worldwide. This protozoan pathogen is maintained in the environment by a heteroxenous life cycle that involves a definitive canid host and a wide range of intermediate hosts. In recent years, a number of wildlife species have been investigated for their possible involvement in the N. caninum life cycle and many have been implicated as intermediate hosts. However, in many instances these studies have utilized serological and molecular techniques to detect infection in clinically normal animals, and investigation of possible associated morbidity, mortality, and pathology has been neglected. As such, the occurrence and importance of Neospora-associated disease in wildlife species are unknown. In order to improve our understanding of the significance of N. caninum infection in nondomestic species, the present review provides an up-to-date summary of clinical neosporosis and N. caninum-associated pathologic lesions in naturally and experimentally infected wildlife species. We provide a list of all free-ranging and captive wildlife species identified with N. caninum infection to date using currently available diagnostic tools. The advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods in wildlife are addressed in order to recommend optimal diagnosis of confirming N. caninum infection and neosporosis in nondomestic species. Although current data would suggest that N. caninum infection does not adversely impact wildlife populations, there is a need for greater international uniformity in the diagnosis of N. caninum infection and neosporosis in nondomestic species in order to assess the true consequences of parasite infection.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dubey JP, Howe DK, Furr M, Saville WJ, Marsh AE, Reed SM, Grigg ME. An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:1-42. [PMID: 25737052 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea otters (Enhydra lutris). EPM-like illness has also been recorded in several other mammals, including domestic dogs and cats. This paper updates S. neurona and EPM information from the last 15 years on the advances regarding life cycle, molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
| | - D K Howe
- M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA
| | - M Furr
- Marion du Pont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 17690 Old Waterford Road, Leesburg, VA 20176, USA
| | - W J Saville
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A E Marsh
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S M Reed
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - M E Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases, 4 Center Drive, Room B1-06, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Onuma SSM, Melo ALT, Kantek DLZ, Crawshaw-Junior PG, Morato RG, May-Júnior JA, Pacheco TDA, Aguiar DMD. Exposure of free-living jaguars to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona in the Brazilian Pantanal. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2014; 23:547-53. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are related apicomplexan parasites that cause reproductive and neurological disorders in a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In the present study, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used to investigate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in the sera of 11 free-living jaguars (Panthera onca) in two protected areas in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Ten jaguars (90.9%) showed seropositivity for T. gondii, eight (72.7%) for S. neurona, and seven (63.6%) for N. caninum antigens. Our findings reveal exposure of jaguars to these related coccidian parasites and circulation of these pathogens in this wild ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first serological detection of N. caninum and S. neurona in free-living jaguars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Samiko Miyazaki Onuma
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meneses IDSD, Andrade MR, Uzêda RS, Bittencourt MV, Lindsay DS, Gondim LFP. Frequency of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora caninum in domestic cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:526-9. [PMID: 25517534 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystis neurona is the major agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. It infects several mammalian species in the Americas, where the definitive hosts, marsupials of the genus Didelphis (D. virginiana and D. albiventris) are found. Domestic cats are one of the confirmed intermediate hosts of the parasite; however, antibodies against S. neurona had never before been demonstrated in Brazilian cats. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats in Bahia, Brazil, are exposed to the parasite. A total of 272 feline serum samples (134 from feral and 138 from house cats) were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test using cultured merozoites of S. neurona as antigen. Positivity was detected in 4.0% (11/272) of the tested samples, with titers ranging from 25 to 800. The feline sera were also tested for antibodies against the protozoan Neospora caninum, with an observed antibody frequency of 2.9%. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to report antibodies against S. neurona in Brazilian cats. We conclude that cats are exposed to the parasite in the region of this study. Further investigations are needed to confirm the role of cats in the transmission cycle of S. neurona in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Daniela Santos de Meneses
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Müller Ribeiro Andrade
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Soares Uzêda
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Marta Vasconcelos Bittencourt
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - David Scott Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular and Infectious Diseases, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Luís Fernando Pita Gondim
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
HEALTH EVALUATION AND SURVEY OF ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING CAPYBARAS (HYDROCHOERUS HYDROCHAERIS). J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:496-504. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-05-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Almería S. Neospora caninum and Wildlife. ISRN PARASITOLOGY 2013; 2013:947347. [PMID: 27335866 PMCID: PMC4890850 DOI: 10.5402/2013/947347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine neosporosis caused by Neospora caninum is among the main causes of abortion in cattle nowadays. At present there is no effective treatment or vaccine. Serological evidence in domestic, wild, and zoo animals indicates that many species have been exposed to this parasite. However, many aspects of the life cycle of N. caninum are unknown and the role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum is still not completely elucidated. In North America, there are data consistent with a sylvatic cycle involving white tailed-deer and canids and in Australia a plausible sylvatic cycle could be occurring between wild dogs and their macropod preys. In Europe, a similar sylvatic cycle has not been established but is very likely. The present review is a comprehensive and up to date summary of the current knowledge on the sylvatic cycle of N. caninum, species affected and their geographical distribution. These findings could have important implications in both sylvatic and domestic cycles since infected wildlife may influence the prevalence of infection in cattle farms in the same areas. Wildlife will need to be taken into account in the control measures to reduce the economical losses associated with this important disease in cattle farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Almería
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals and Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CreSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frequency of infection by Neospora caninum in wild rodents associated with dairy farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Vet Parasitol 2013; 191:11-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
|