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Jouet D, Snæþórsson AÖ, Skírnisson K. Wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus L.) as intermediate host for Mesocestoides canislagopodis (Rudolphi, 1810) (Krabbe 1865) in Iceland. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2119-2134. [PMID: 37410124 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesocestoides canislagopodis is a common parasite of the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) in Iceland. In the past, household dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) were also reported in Iceland to be infected. Recently, scolices of a non-maturing Mesocestoides sp. were detected in the intestines of the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), and tetrathyridia were isolated in the body cavity of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and subsequently described. All stages were confirmed, using both morphological and molecular methods, to belong to the same species, M. canislagopodis. In the present study, post-mortem examination of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), sampled in autumn 2014 on a farm in Northeast Iceland, revealed the presence of tetrathyridia in the peritoneal cavity and in the liver. Most tetrathyridia in the peritoneal cavity were free, but some were encapsulated in a thin connective tissue stroma and loosely attached to the inner organs. They appear as whitish, heart-shaped, flattened, unsegmented bodies with a slightly pointed posterior end. In the liver, tetrathyridia were seen as pale-tanned nodules embedded in the parenchyma. Comparative molecular analysis, both at the generic level (D1 domain LSU ribosomal DNA), and at the specific level (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 12S mitochondrial DNA), revealed that the tetrathyridia belonged to M. canislagopodis. A. sylvaticus represents a new second intermediate host record in Iceland, and the first description of a rodent as intermediate host for this species, thus participating in the life cycle of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Jouet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR de Pharmacie, EA7506 Biospect, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France.
| | | | - Karl Skírnisson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Heydarian P, Kia EB, Heidari Z, Sharifdini M, Zarei Z, Zahabiun F. Molecular Characterization of Mesocestoides litteratus (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) Tetrathyridium Isolated from Two Species of Rodents from Iran. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:223-230. [PMID: 36637696 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesocestoides spp. are Cyclophyllidean tapeworms with zoonotic importance. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of Mesocestoides larvae (tetrathyridium) isolated from the abdominal cavity of persion jird, Meriones persicus, and from the liver of grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius, in Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. METHODS Genomic DNA of the isolates of Mesocestoides tetrathyridium were extracted, and mitochondrial gene of cytochrome-c oxidase subunit1 (cox1) was amplified. Sequencing of PCR products were performed and phylogenic analysis was run using MEGA 6.0 software. RESULTS Both isolates were identified as Mesocestoides litteratus, showing high identity with M. litteratus sequences available in GenBank. Also, they had 100% homology to each other. Intra-species variation within isolates of M. litteratus were 0-2.4%. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on the partial sequence of the cox1 gene showed that our sequences of M. litteratus were clustered with M. litteratus isolates from Slovakia, Netherlands, Germany and Italy. CONCLUSION This is the first molecular description of M. litteratus from M. persicus and C. migratorius. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that M. litteratus isolates of the current study had very high identities with the isolates of this species from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zahabiun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Venco L, Genchi M, Kramer L, Vismarra A. Successful treatment of pleural and peritoneal larval mesocestoidosis with fenbendazole in two dogs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 25:100603. [PMID: 34474796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesocestoides spp. are common intestinal tapeworms of dogs and cats. The presence of numerous larval stages in the pleural or peritoneal cavities causes larval mesocestoidosis, that is a potentially life-threatening disease in massive infection. In vivo diagnosis of larval mesocestoidosis is challenging and confirmed diagnosis is often made post-mortem. For this reason, therapeutic recommendations are empirical and there is currently no data on the best treatment options in dogs and cats. Both fenbendazole and praziquantel have been used to treat canine larval mesocestoidosis but failure of complete clearance of larvae has been described for both. Treatment with fenbendazole at 100 mg/kg orally twice a day, for 1-3 months has been reported as being effective. However, it is known that administration of high, off-label doses of fenbendazole can lead to adverse reactions. Here, we report the efficacy of fenbendazole at a lower dosage (50 mg/kg twice a day) in two dogs with pleural and peritoneal mesocestoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Venco
- Clinica Veterinaria Lago Maggiore, 28041 Arona, Italy
| | - Marco Genchi
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Italy.
| | - Laura Kramer
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Italy
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Italy
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Sindičić M, Kurilj AG, Martinković F, Bujanić M, Lukač M, Reckendorf A, Hydeskov HB, Pisano SRR, Gross S, Konjević D. First description of peritoneal and pleural metacestodosis caused by Mesocestoides vogae in a European wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris). Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2275-2279. [PMID: 33788022 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Mesocestoides (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) are still enigmatic to scientists, due to their high morphological variability, low host specificity, and unknown details of their life cycle. They are found worldwide, with carnivorous mammals as the main definitive hosts, and the disease is potentially zoonotic. After ingestion by a definitive host, the tetrathyridium can occasionally migrate through the intestinal wall and reach the peritoneal cavity or abdominal organs causing peritoneal metacestodosis. Here, we report on a case of metacestodosis of a European wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris) found dead in Croatia. At necropsy, a large number of white, rice-like structures were found free in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as along the serous surfaces and in the lungs. DNA isolated from the nodules was genotyped and based on a 320-base pair long 12S fragment classified as Mesocestoides vogae. Although post-mortem changes were advanced, severe emaciation due to the severe parasitic infection and gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed as the likely cause of death. Intestinal cestodosis was previously reported in wild cats, but according to our knowledge, this is the first description of peritoneal and pleural metacestodosis caused by M. vogae tetrathyridia (metacestodes) in any wild carnivore species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Sindičić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Gudan Kurilj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franjo Martinković
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miljenko Bujanić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lukač
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anja Reckendorf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany.,Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Helle Bernstorf Hydeskov
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.,Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Gross
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Dean Konjević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia
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The typical cestodes of the red fox in eastern areas of the Iberian Peninsula have a grouped distribution. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109168. [PMID: 32585533 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the most abundant wild canid in the Iberian Peninsula, and can act as a carrier of a wide range of parasite species shared with dogs and cats and which are sometimes zoonoses. Despite this, few studies are available describing the distribution and epidemiology of the cestode community of this opportunistic carnivore in areas of Mediterranean climate. In this study, prevalence, intensity, abundance and aggregation coefficient of cestodes found in 286 red foxes of the Valencian Community (East Spain) were calculated. For the most prevalent species, presence data were combined with environmental variables in order to build spatial models and predict the limiting factors associated with the decrease of suitable habitat for these parasites. The overall prevalence of cestodes was 83.22 % (238/286). Specifically, foxes harboured Mesocestoides spp. (75.87 %), Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (27.62 %), Taenia pisiformis (13.29 %), Dypilidium caninum (3.15 %), Taenia polyacantha (1.05 %), Taenia hydatigena (0.70 %), Taenia crassiceps (0.70 %) and Taenia spp. (0.35 %). Tetrathyridia larvae were found both in thoracic and abdominal cavity of three foxes (1.05 %), being the first time that this metacestode stage is described in the thoracic cavity of the red fox. Models on Mesocestoides spp. (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.80) and J. echinorhynchoides (AUC = 0.83) indicate that anthropogenic, climatic and environmental factors efficiently describe the habitat shape of parasites. This study emphasizes that foxes in Mediterranean areas are hosts of cestodes of veterinary and public health concern. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the usefulness of Ecological Niche Modeling applications for mapping the distribution of fox parasites and identifying areas of higher epidemiological risk for this wild canid, as well as for dogs and cats and, in the case of Mesocestoides spp., for humans.
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Ulziijargal G, Yeruult C, Khulan J, Gantsetseg C, Wandra T, Yamasaki H, Narankhajid M. Molecular identification of Taenia hydatigena and Mesocestoides species based on copro-DNA analysis of wild carnivores in Mongolia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 11:72-82. [PMID: 31956480 PMCID: PMC6956752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophyllidean tapeworms obligatorily parasitize numerous mammalian species, including herbivores, domestic animals and humans, of which, the genera Taenia and Mesocestoides are well characterized. However, little is known about these parasitic infections in wild animals. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Taenia sp. and Mesocestoides sp. in wild carnivores in Mongolia by identifying tapeworm species based on mtDNA analysis. The field survey was carried out in 2012–2013 in 19 provinces located in different ecological regions. A total of 405 fecal samples from wild carnivores were collected. Specific DNA markers in fecal samples was detected via copro-DNA analysis and tapeworm species were identified by DNA sequencing. From 27.7% (112/405) of samples, cox1 and 12S rRNA genes of tapeworms were amplified. Further, Taenia hydatigena (50.0%, 56/112) and two Mesocestoides species, including Mesocestoides sp.-1 (36.6%, 41/112) and Mesocestoides sp.-2 (13.4%, 15/112) were identified by DNA sequencing. The prevalence of T. hydatigena was 19.9% (27/136), 13.8% (23/167), 4.8% (3/62), and 7.5% (3/40) in wolves, red foxes, corsac foxes, and snow leopards, respectively. The prevalence of Mesocestoides sp.-1 was 14.7% (20/136), 9% (15/167), 9.7% (6/62) in wolves, red foxes, and corsac foxes, while the prevalence of Mesocestoides sp.-2 was 4.4% (6/136), 1.8% (3/167), 3.2% (2/62), and 10.0% (4/40) in wolves, red foxes, corsac foxes, and snow leopards, respectively. T. hydatigena was found throughout all ecological regions, while Mesocestoides sp.-1 was in the mountain taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, desert-steppe, and desert, and Mesocestoides sp.-2 in the alpine, forest-steppe, steppe, and desert-steppe ecoregions. This study revealed the prevalence and distribution of cyclophyllidean tapeworms in wild carnivores in Mongolia; while also confirming that wolves, red foxes, corsac foxes, and snow leopards serve as definitive hosts for unidentified Mesocestoides species. Taenia hydatigena and two Mesocestoides species were first identified by copro-DNA analysis in wild carnivores in Mongolia. The persistent infections by T. hydatigena and Mesocestoides species in these animals were shown. T. hydatigena was detected in all ecoregions in Mongolia. Mesocestoides sp.-1 was found in wild carnivores inhabiting in all ecoregion unless in the alpine, and Mesocestoides sp.-2 in the alpine, forest-steppe, steppe, and desert-steppe ecoregions. Wolf, red fox, corsac fox, and snow leopard were confirmed as definitive hosts for Mesocestoides species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelegbalsan Ulziijargal
- Department of Laboratory, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chultemsuren Yeruult
- Department of Pharmacology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Janchiv Khulan
- Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Toni Wandra
- Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myadagsuren Narankhajid
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Montalbano Di Filippo M, Meoli R, Cavallero S, Eleni C, De Liberato C, Berrilli F. Molecular identification of Mesocestoides sp. metacestodes in a captive gold-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:399-405. [PMID: 30110656 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesocestoides spp. are tapeworms harbored in the intestine of many domestic and wild carnivores, birds of prey and, rarely, of humans. The life cycle is assumed to involve three hosts and the metacestode juvenile stage (tetrathyridium) may reproduce asexually, provoking severe systemic infections. In the present study, a case of a peritoneal infection by Mesocestoides sp. occurred in a captive gold-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) is described. Phylogenetic positions based on CO1 and 12S loci were analysed to describe in details this unusual finding of Mesocestoides in a callitrichid monkey. The phylogenetic analyses has not clearly resolve relationships between the metacestode forms from the tamarin and any of the described Mesocestoides species available so far, including those described from non-human primates, thus supporting the hypothesis of a new taxon within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montalbano Di Filippo
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Meoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - S Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - C De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - F Berrilli
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Mesocestoides sp. in Wild Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus) and Scaled Quail ( Callipepla squamata). J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:612-616. [PMID: 29595383 DOI: 10.7589/2017-11-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesocestoides spp. have a cosmopolitan distribution with zoonotic potential. Mesocestoides tetrathyridia were found under the pericardial sac, on the surface of the crop, and in the peritoneal cavity of a hunter-harvested Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus) and a Scaled Quail ( Callipepla squamata) collected during the 2016-17 quail hunting season in northwest and southern Texas, US respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that the tetrathyridia from the birds likely belonged to an undescribed species and are identical to pretetrathyridium stages recently found in Scincella lateralis skinks in Oklahoma. This is the first report of Mesocestoides from North American birds.
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Skirnisson K, Sigurðardóttir ÓG, Nielsen ÓK. Morphological characteristics of Mesocestoides canislagopodis (Krabbe 1865) tetrathyridia found in rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Iceland. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3099-106. [PMID: 27117162 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Necropsies of 1010 rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta) sampled in autumn 2006-2015 in northeast Iceland revealed Mesocestoides canislagopodis tetrathyridia infections in six birds (0.6 %), two juvenile birds (3 month old), and four adult birds (15 months or older). Four birds had tetrathyridia in the body cavity, one bird in the liver, and one bird both in the body cavity and the liver. There were more tetrathyridia in the body cavity of the two juveniles (c. 50 in each) than in three adults (10-40), possibly indicating a host-age-related tetrathyridia mortality. Approximately, half of tetrathyridia in the body cavity were free or loosely attached to the serosa, the other half were encapsulated in a thin, loose connective tissue stroma, frequently attached to the lungs and the liver. Tetrathyridia in the liver parenchyma incited variably intense inflammation. Tetrathyridia from the juvenile hosts were whitish, heart-shaped, and flattened, with unsegmented bodies with a slightly pointed posterior end. In the adult hosts, tetrathyridia were sometimes almost rectangular-shaped, slightly wider compared to those in the juveniles, but more than twice as long as the younger-aged tetrathyridia. Tetrathyridia infections are most likely acquired during the brief insectivorous feeding phase of ptarmigan chicks, and the tetrathyridia persist throughout the lifespan of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Skirnisson
- Department of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Ólöf G Sigurðardóttir
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Occurrence of Mesocestoides canislagopodis (Rudolphi, 1810) (Krabbe, 1865) in mammals and birds in Iceland and its molecular discrimination within the Mesocestoides species complex. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2597-607. [PMID: 26984208 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of Mesocestoides tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) requires three hosts. The first intermediate host is unknown but believed to be an arthropod. The second intermediate host is a vertebrate. The primary definitive host is a carnivore mammal, or a bird of prey, that eats the tetrathyridium-infected second intermediate host. One representative of the genus, Mesocestoides canislagopodis, has been reported from Iceland. It is common in the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and has also been detected in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis domestica). Recently, scolices of a non-maturing Mesocestoides sp. have also been detected in gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) intestines, and tetrathyridia in the body cavity of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). We examined the taxonomic relationship of Mesocestoides from arctic fox, gyrfalcon, and rock ptarmigan using molecular methods, both at the generic level (D1 domain LSU ribosomal DNA) and at the specific level (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S mitochondrial DNA). All stages belonged to Mesocestoides canislagopodis. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined 12S-COI at the specific level confirmed that M. canislagopodis forms a distinct clade, well separated from three other recognized representatives of the genus, M. litteratus, M. lineatus, and M. corti/vogae. This is the first molecular description of this species. The rock ptarmigan is a new second intermediate host record, and the gyrfalcon a new primary definitive host record. However, the adult stage seemed not to be able to mature in the gyrfalcon, and successful development is probably restricted to mammalian hosts.
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Häußler TC, Peppler C, Schmitz S, Bauer C, Hirzmann J, Kramer M. [Canine peritoneal larval cestodosis caused by Mesocestoides spp. larval stages]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2016; 44:123-8. [PMID: 26932525 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a female dog with unspecific clinical symptoms, sonography detected a hyperechoic mass in the middle abdomen and blood analysis a middle grade systemic inflammatory reaction. Laparotomy revealed a peritoneal larval cestodosis (PLC). The diagnosis of an infection with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides spp. was confirmed by parasitological examination and molecularbiological analysis. Reduction of the intra-abdominal parasitic load as well as a high dose administration of fenbendazole over 3 months led to a successful treatment which could be documented sonographically and by decreased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Seven months after discontinuation of fenbendazole administration, PLC recurred, pre-empted by an elevation of serum CRP values. According to the literature a life-long fenbendazole treatment was initiated. In cases of unclear chronic granulomatous inflammations in the abdominal cavity in dogs, PLC should be considered. CRP concentration and sonographic examinations are suitable to control for treatment success and a possibly occurring relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Häußler
- Thomas C. Häußler, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere (Chirurgie), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 108, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Dahlem D, Bangoura B, Ludewig E, Glowienka N, Baldauf K, Stoeckel F, Burgener I. Tetrathyridiosis in a domestic shorthair cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915615595. [PMID: 28491396 PMCID: PMC5362008 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915615595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY This report describes the clinical and parasitological findings in a domestic shorthair cat with isolated thoracic tetrathyridiosis. The cat was a stray from Malta that had lived in Germany for several years since as an indoor-only cat. Therefore, the process of infection remains very unusual. In this case it must be considered that the cat had been infected years previously while in Malta, and had lived at least 4 years without any clinical signs. It was possible to diagnose this uncommon disease and initiate an effective treatment with fenbendazole, praziquantel and supportive care. Clinical signs, as well as radiographic findings, were regressive with this treatment. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Tetrathyridiosis is a rare finding in cats, especially in Germany, but it seems to be a potential differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. Mesocestoides corti, which was the causative parasite in this case, has not previously been isolated in Germany. Because tetrathyridiosis is only diagnosed post mortem in most cases, little is known about effective therapeutic options. Furthermore, clinical signs of this disease can be absent for several years and can potentially be triggered by neoplastic conditions or immunosuppression. Tetrathyridiosis seems to be a treatable disease that can be controlled by adequate antiparasitic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Dahlem
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Berit Bangoura
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Ludewig
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Baldauf
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Iwan Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Jabbar A, Papini R, Ferrini N, Gasser RB. Use of a molecular approach for the definitive diagnosis of proliferative larval mesocestoidiasis in a cat. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1377-80. [PMID: 22579793 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 9 year-old male, neutered cat with a history of a sudden onset of lethargy, anorexia and respiratory distress was presented in a veterinary practice in Lucca, Italy. A clinical examination revealed that the cat was severely dehydrated, and had pale mucous membranes and tachypnoea. No pain or discomfort was detected at the time of physical examination. The cat was administered fluids, antibiotics and supportive therapy, but died overnight. The owner of the cat requested for a post mortem examination to be conducted. At necropsy, acephalic structures, consistent with proliferative tapeworm (cestode) larvae, were detected in the thoracic cavity on pleural surfaces. As these larvae could not be identified to genus or species by microscopy, a PCR-based sequencing-phylogenetic approach was used. Part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene was PCR-amplified from genomic DNAs from five individual larvae and sequenced; all five sequences obtained were identical. This consensus sequence was aligned (over 355 nucleotide positions) with homologous sequences representing a range of cestodes (including Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Hymenolepis microstoma, Mesocestoides spp. and Taenia saginata) from previously published studies and then subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The sequence representing the larval cestode from the affected cat grouped, with strong statistical support, with those representing Mesocestoides corti and Mesocestoides lineatus. Therefore, a definitive diagnosis of pleural proliferative larval mesocestoidiasis could be made. This study illustrates the value of using molecular tools to directly assist clinical and pathological investigations of cestodiases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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Molecular identification of Mesocestoides spp. from intermediate hosts (rodents) in central Europe (Poland). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1055-61. [PMID: 21847599 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genus Mesocestoides is a representative of the small cyclophyllidean family Mesocestoididae that is found parasitizing the small intestine of carnivores. The life cycle of cestodes from this genus is complex and requires two intermediate hosts. Cysticercoids are produced in the first intermediate host (oribatid mites), which when eaten by the second intermediate host (mainly rodents, but also other mammalian species, birds, reptiles, or amphibians) form tetrathyridia in the body cavity. Because of the rich history of nomenclatural evaluation of Mesocestoididae, the taxonomic status within the genus Mesocestoides is still unclear. Additional problem constitute the difficulty or even the impossibility in the determination of tetrathyridia based on morphological features. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify a molecular characteristic of the isolates of Mesocestoides from the second intermediate hosts (rodents) based on nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA data. We choose to analyze metacestodes isolated from two species of rodents (Apodemus agrarius and Myodes glarolus) from different sites. As a result of amplification of 18S rDNA, we obtained partial sequences from four isolates ranging from 1,116 to 1,162 bp. In relation to mitochondrial sequence, 354 bp product of 12S rDNA was obtained from one isolate. The neighbor joining and maximum parsimony trees were constructed in order to examine the phylogenetic relationship within Mesocestoides spp. occurring in rodents from central Europe. The results of our research on the larval stages from rodents, living in a periphery of urban agglomeration as well as in an area of reserve protection, confirm the data of more frequently occurring Mesocestoides litteratus.
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Conn DB, Galán-Puchades MT, Fuentes MV. Normal and aberrant Mesocestoides tetrathyridia from Crocidura spp. (Soricimorpha) in Corsica and Spain. J Parasitol 2011; 97:915-9. [PMID: 21612421 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2441.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp. were collected from the body cavities of the shrews (Insectivora), Crocidura russula, in Valencia, Spain and Crocidura suaveolens on the Mediterranean island of Corsica, France. Specimens were processed by routine microscopic and histological techniques, including examination with brightfield, phase-contrast, and differential-interference-contrast optics. Most tetrathyridia were clustered together inside host-derived fibrotic capsules, but some occurred free in the body cavity. All specimens examined from both locations had solid hindbodies, i.e., lacking a primary lacuna, thus conforming to the plerocercoid metacestode type; all possessed a single normal tetra-acetabulate scolex. All metacestodes from C. russula in Valencia were normal tetrathyridia. Those from C. suaveolens in Corsica were either normal tetrathyridia or had aberrant deep convolutions of an unusually elongated hindbody. No tetrathyridium from either location or host showed tegumental or excretory duct anomalies such as those reported by several authors from aberrant tetrathyridia and spargana in some other locations. No definitive evidence of asexual proliferation was visible in any of the tetrathyridia, but those with abnormally convoluted hindbodies from a single C. suaveolens in Corsica suggest the potential for asexuality by fission of the hindbody. These results add to our understanding of morphological and developmental variation among metacestodes in this widespread and variable genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bruce Conn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Molecular and morphological circumscription ofMesocestoidestapeworms from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central Europe. Parasitology 2011; 138:638-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYHere we examine 3157 foxes from 6 districts of the Slovak Republic in order to determine for the first time the distribution, prevalence and identity ofMesocestodesspp. endemic to this part of central Europe. During the period 2001–2006, an average of 41·9% of foxes were found to harbourMesocestoidesinfections. Among the samples we confirmed the widespread and common occurrence ofM. litteratus(Batsch, 1786), and report the presence, for the first time, ofM. lineatus(Goeze, 1782) in the Slovak Republic, where it has a more restricted geographical range and low prevalence (7%). Using a combination of 12S rDNA, CO1 and ND1 mitochondrial gene sequences together with analysis of 13 morphometric characters, we show that the two species are genetically distinct and can be differentiated by discrete breaks in the ranges of the male and female reproductive characters, but not by the more commonly examined characters of the scolex and strobila. Estimates of interspecific divergence withinMesocestoidesranged from 9 to 18%, whereas intraspecific variation was less than 2%, and phylogenetic analyses of the data showed that despite overlapping geographical ranges, the two commonly reported European species are not closely related, withM. litteratusmore closely allied to North American isolates ofMesocestoidesthan toM. lineatus. We confirm that morphological analysis of reproductive organs can be used to reliably discriminate between these often sympatric species obtained from red foxes.
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Stief B, Enge A. Proliferative Peritonitis With Larval and Cystic Parasitic Stages in a Dog. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:911-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810382092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A six year old Labrador mix dog, born in Spain, was imported to Germany in young age. After a period of vague abdominal pain and negative laboratory results, the dog was referred to a local veterinary clinic for laparotomy, where the tentative diagnosis of echinococcus alveolaris was made and the dog was euthanized. At necropsy, many cystic structures and a massive proliferative peritonitis were visible. Furthermore a few solid larval cestodal stages were found in the peritoneal and chest cavity. Histological the cysts contained a small eosinophillic tegument, a cell poor stroma, basophilic somatic nuclei and a variable amount of amorphous bodies. The solid cestodes exhibited a quite similar composition with neither scolices nor any head structures. Histological features of the parasitic stages resembled cysts and asexual stages of Sparganum proliferum. Distinctions to other larval cestode infestations in body cavities were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Stief
- Landesuntersuchungsanstalt Sachsen, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Enge
- Landesuntersuchungsanstalt Sachsen, Dresden, Germany
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