Bilateral Cubital Lymphoma and Mycobacteriosis in a Salmon-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis)

A 32-year-old male salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was diagnosed by cytology with bilateral cubital lymphoma and mycobacteriosis. Polymerase chain reaction assay testing confirmed Mycobacterium genavense. This patient was subsequently humanely euthanized. Postmortem histopathology confirmed both diagnoses with findings of multicentric lymphoma, acid-fast bacilli, and severe degenerative changes in all synovial joints examined. Immunohistochemical staining for paired box protein 5 of the cubital mass was positive for a high percentage of B-cell lymphocytes, consistent with B-cell lymphoma. This unusual case of two major diseases presenting concurrently in one patient raises the question of whether the pathogenesis could have an interdependent relationship. Mycobacteriosis, severe degenerative joint changes, or both may have stimulated lymphocytes, eventually leading to lymphoma. Additional screening and monitoring for comorbidities may be advised if 1 of these diseases are diagnosed in companion avian species.

Behcet's Disease Presenting With Bilateral Hypopyon Masquerading Post Cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis

Purpose

To report a case of Behcet’s disease presented with bilateral hypopyon after sequential cataract surgery masquerading delayed onset post-operative endophthalmitis.

Methods

A 53-year-old man with a history of sequential uneventful cataract surgeries came to our clinic with decreased vision (0.3 LogMAR) since 2 days ago and bilateral hypopyon in his both eyes. The primary diagnosis was chronic late-onset endophthalmitis.

Results

There was no lid edema or chemosis on the external examination. On slit-lamp examination, the cornea was clear, the pupil was well reactive with no posterior synechia, the intraocular lens was centered with good red reflex, however, bilateral hypopyon was detected in his both eyes which was more prominent in the left eye. The eyes were fairly calm and absence of vitreous reaction on slit-lamp examination, there was no pain and photophobia. Further, on physical examination, oral mucosal ulcerations were detected. His systemic workup revealed Behcet’s disease with HLA-B5 positive serology.

Conclusion

In cases with delayed onset hypopyon following cataract surgery, inflammatory diseases such as Behcet’s disease should be considered. Appropriate history taking and physical examinations in the context of serologic laboratory investigations may lead to the proper diagnosis.

Therapeutic Contraindications in Exotic Pets

The selection and dosing of medications for exotic pets are often challenging because most drugs are used in an extralabel manner without pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Doses are often extrapolated from common domestic animals and safety data are often lacking in exotic species. Just as the bioavailability and therapeutic levels are different for each species, what may be a safe and commonly used medication in one species can be deadly in another. Various drugs with documented contraindications in certain exotic pet species are outlined in this review and the pathophysiology, clinical signs, and treatment options are described when applicable.

Systemic Clinical and Metabolic Diseases

Like other animals pet and companion birds are also prone to systemic illness. This is presented in the form of certain clinical signs and symptoms which is known as “ sick-bird syndrome.”