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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Margiotta F, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Matteo R, Suriano S, Troccoli A, Pecchioni N, Manera C, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C. The Efficacy of Camelina sativa Defatted Seed Meal against Colitis-Induced Persistent Visceral Hypersensitivity: The Relevance of PPAR α Receptor Activation in Pain Relief. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153137. [PMID: 35956313 PMCID: PMC9370738 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are natural sources of bioactive compounds able to promote gut health. Belonging to this plant family, Camelina sativa is an ancient oil crop rich in glucosinolates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants that is attracting renewed attention for its nutraceutical potential. This work aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of a defatted seed meal (DSM) of Camelina sativa on the colon damage and the persistent visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis in rats. Inflammation was induced by the intrarectal injection of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The acute administration of Camelina sativa DSM (0.1–1 g kg−1) showed a dose-dependent pain-relieving effect in DNBS-treated rats. The efficacy of the meal was slightly enhanced after bioactivation with myrosinase, which increased isothiocyanate availability, and drastically decreased by pre-treating the animals with the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) receptor antagonist GW6471. Repeated treatments with Camelina sativa DSM (1 g kg−1) meal counteracted the development, as well as the persistence, of visceral hyperalgesia in DNBS-treated animals by reducing the intestinal inflammatory damage and preventing enteric neuron damage. In conclusion, Camelina sativa meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool to manage persistent abdominal pain in patients and to promote gut healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Margiotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Serafino Suriano
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Antonio Troccoli
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Farhood B, Ashrafizadeh M, Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Afrashi S, Musa AE, Najafi M. Targeting of cellular redox metabolism for mitigation of radiation injury. Life Sci 2020; 250:117570. [PMID: 32205088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation is a serious concern to human life. Studies on the mitigation of side effects following exposure to accidental radiation events are ongoing. Recent studies have shown that radiation can activate several signaling pathways, leading to changes in the metabolism of free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Cellular and molecular mechanisms show that radiation can cause disruption of normal reduction/oxidation (redox) system. Mitochondria malfunction following exposure to radiation and mutations in mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) have a key role in chronic oxidative stress. Furthermore, exposure to radiation leads to infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells, which are important sources of ROS and NO. These cells generate free radicals via upregulation of some pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidases, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Epigenetic changes also have a key role in a similar way. Other mediators such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which are involved in the normal metabolism of cells have also been shown to regulate cell death following exposure to radiation. These mechanisms are tissue specific. Inhibition or activation of each of these targets can be suggested for mitigation of radiation injury in a specific tissue. In the current paper, we review the cellular and molecular changes in the metabolism of cells and ROS/NO following exposure to radiation. Furthermore, the possible strategies for mitigation of radiation injury through modulation of cellular metabolism in irradiated organs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Afrashi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Liu Y, Wang M, Xu W, Zhang H, Qian W, Li X, Cheng X. Active vitamin D supplementation alleviates initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by repressing the p53 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 241:117086. [PMID: 31756344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have found vitamin D deficiency promotes fat deposition into the hepatocytes, thus contributing to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of vitamin D on NAFLD with the involvement of the p53 pathway. METHODS Initially, an in vivo high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model was established. Then the HFD-induced NAFLD mice were treated with vitamin D. Next, the serum levels of TNF-α, GSH-px and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using ELISA and ROS content was evaluated by flow cytometry, followed by the measurement of expression of Duox1, Duox2, SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1 I, ACC, SREBP1c, MTTP, PPARα, p53, p21 and p16 using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins was measured using immunohistochemistry. TUNEL and Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining were subsequently conducted to assess the senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. RESULTS HFD-induced mice treated with vitamin D presented with significantly increased GSH-px levels, as well as protein expression of SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1, MTTP and PPARα, but decreased MDA and ROS levels, expression of Duox1, Duox2, ACC, SREBP1c, p53, p21 and p16, positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins as well as impaired senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Active vitamin D supplementation could potentially impede hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis via suppression of the p53 pathway, thus preventing the progression of NAFLD. Our study provides available evidence on the potential clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an 223400, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Applied Technology College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, PR China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Weihe Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China.
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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Wang Q, Zhang P, Li Z, Feng X, Lv C, Zhang H, Xiao H, Ding J, Chen X. Evaluation of Polymer Nanoformulations in Hepatoma Therapy by Established Rodent Models. Theranostics 2019; 9:1426-1452. [PMID: 30867842 PMCID: PMC6401493 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma is one of the most severe malignancies usually with poor prognosis, and many patients are insensitive to the existing therapeutic agents, including the drugs for chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Currently, researchers are committed to developing the advanced formulations with controlled drug delivery to improve the efficacy of hepatoma therapy. Numerous inoculated, induced, and genetically engineered hepatoma rodent models are now available for formulation screening. However, animal models of hepatoma cannot accurately represent human hepatoma in terms of histological characteristics, metastatic pathways, and post-treatment responses. Therefore, advanced animal hepatoma models with comparable pathogenesis and pathological features are in urgent need in the further studies. Moreover, the development of nanomedicines has renewed hope for chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy of advanced hepatoma. As one kind of advanced formulations, the polymer-based nanoformulated drugs have many advantages over the traditional ones, such as improved tumor selectivity and treatment efficacy, and reduced systemic side effects. In this article, the construction of rodent hepatoma model and much information about the current development of polymer nanomedicines were reviewed in order to provide a basis for the development of advanced formulations with clinical therapeutic potential for hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Xiangru Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chengyue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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S N SG, Raviraj R, Nagarajan D, Zhao W. Radiation-induced lung injury: impact on macrophage dysregulation and lipid alteration - a review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 41:370-379. [PMID: 30442050 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1533025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer deaths and more than one million lung cancer patients will die every year worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in lung cancer treatment, but the side effects of RT are pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. RT-induced lung injury causes damage to alveolar-epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Macrophages play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis despite its role in immune response. These injury activated macrophages develop into classically activated M1 macrophage or alternative activated M2 macrophage. It secretes cytokines, interleukins, interferons, and nitric oxide. Several pro-inflammatory lipids and pro-apoptotic proteins cause lipotoxicity such as LDL, FC, DAG, and FFA. The overall findings in this review conclude the importance of macrophages in inducing toxic/inflammatory effects during RT of lung cancer, which is clinically vital to treat the radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gowda S N
- a Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Raghavi Raviraj
- a Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Devipriya Nagarajan
- a Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Weiling Zhao
- b School of Biomedical Informatics , The University of Texas Health Sciences Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Activation of PPARα by clofibrate sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to radiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncogene 2017; 37:953-962. [PMID: 29059162 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is emerging as an important modality for the local control of pancreatic cancer, but pancreatic cancer cell radioresistance remains a serious concern. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a member of the PPAR nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which can be activated by fibrate ligands. The clinical relevance of PPARα and its biological function in pancreatic cancer radiosensitivity have not been previously described. In this study, we examined PPARα expression in tissue samples of pancreatic cancer patients. We found significantly higher expression of PPARα in pancreatic cancer tissues than in tumor-adjacent tissues and that the PPARα expression level is inversely associated with higher overall patient survival rate. We further observed that PPARα activation by its agonist clofibrate sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to radiation by modulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Small interfering RNA-mediated PPARα silencing and PPARα blockade by the antagonist GW6471 abolish the effect of clofibrate on radiosensitization. An in vivo study showed that PANC1 xenografts treated with clofibrate are more sensitive to radiation than untreated xenografts. mRNA profiling by microarray analysis revealed that the expression of PTPRZ1 and Wnt8a, two core components of the β-catenin pathway, is downregulated by clofibrate. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that clofibrate abrogates the binding of nuclear factor-κB to the PTPRZ1 and Wnt8a promoters, ultimately decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, which is associated with radiosensitivity. Overall, we demonstrate that PPARα is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and clofibrate-mediated PPARα activation sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to radiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Lin YM, Yu BC, Chiu WT, Sun HY, Chien YC, Su HC, Yen SY, Lai HW, Bai CH, Young KC, Tsao CW. Fluoxetine regulates cell growth inhibition of interferon-α. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1746-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Song C, Li H, Hou J, Li D. Ursolic acid prevents augmented peripheral inflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats by restoring downregulated spinal PPARα. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5309-16. [PMID: 27108888 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several pain syndromes and is associated with increased pain sensitivity. Evidence suggests that obesity causes the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR)α in the spinal cord, contributing to augmented peripheral edema and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, has been shown to upregulate PPARα in the peripheral tissues of obese animals. The present study hypothesized that UA prevents augmented peripheral inflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia in obesity by restoring downregulated spinal PPARα. The present study demonstrated that Sprague‑Dawley rats fed a high‑fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed obesity and metabolic disorder. Following carrageenan injection, the HFD rats exhibited increased thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema, compared with the rats fed a low‑fat diet. Molecular investigations revealed that the HFD rats exhibited decreased PPARα activity, and exaggerated expression of inflammatory mediators and nuclear factor‑kB activity in the spinal cord in response to carrageenan. Oral administration of UA ameliorated obesity and metabolic disorder, and prevented increased thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema in the HFD rats. Additionally, UA normalized PPARα activity and inhibited the exaggerated spinal cord inflammatory response to carrageenan. Although the knockdown of spinal PPARα with small interfering RNA following the administration of UA did not alter obesity or metabolic parameters, it eradicated the beneficial effects of UA on thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema, and reversed the spinal cord inflammatory response. These results suggested that the systemic administration of UA inhibited the exaggerated spinal cord inflammatory response to peripheral inflammatory stimulation in HFD‑induced obesity by restoring downregulated spinal PPARα, preventing peripheral inflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia. UA may be a potential therapeutic option for the prevention of increased inflammatory pain in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Haiou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jingdong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Ren F, Zhang X, Wang X, Shi H, Zhou L, Zheng S, Chen Y, Chen D, Li L, Zhao C, Duan Z. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha acts as a mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:799-809. [PMID: 27482818 PMCID: PMC4958306 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key regulator to ameliorate liver injury in cases of acute liver failure (ALF). However, its regulatory mechanisms remain largely undetermined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) plays an important role in a number of liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether PPARα activation inhibits ER stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, thereby protecting against ALF. In a murine model of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF, Wy-14643 was administered to activate PPARα, and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) was administered to attenuate ER stress. PPARα activation ameliorated liver injury, because pre-administration of its specific inducer, Wy-14643, reduced the serum aminotransferase levels and preserved liver architecture compared with that of controls. The protective effect of PPARα activation resulted from the suppression of ER stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Indeed, (1) PPARα activation decreased the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), Grp94 and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) in vivo; (2) the liver protection by 4-PBA resulted from the induction of PPARα expression, as 4-PBA pre-treatment promoted upregulation of PPARα, and inhibition of PPARα by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment reversed liver protection and increased hepatocyte apoptosis; (3) in vitro PPARα activation by Wy-14643 decreased hepatocyte apoptosis induced by severe ER stress, and PPARα inhibition by siRNA treatment decreased the hepatocyte survival induced by mild ER stress. Here, we demonstrate that PPARα activation contributes to liver protection and decreases hepatocyte apoptosis in ALF, particularly through regulating ER stress. Therefore, targeting PPARα could be a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate ALF. Summary: Upregulation of PPARα can ameliorate hepatic injury by inhibiting ER stress-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in a mouse model of D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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11
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Rudqvist N, Spetz J, Schüler E, Langen B, Parris TZ, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Gene expression signature in mouse thyroid tissue after (131)I and (211)At exposure. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:59. [PMID: 26492889 PMCID: PMC4615992 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (131)I and (211)At are used in nuclear medicine and accumulate in the thyroid gland and may impact normal thyroid function. The aim of this study was to determine transcriptional profile variations, assess the impact on cellular activity, and identify genes with biomarker properties in thyroid tissue after (131)I and (211)At administration in mice. METHODS To further investigate thyroid tissue transcriptional responses to (131)I and (211)At administration, we generated a new transcriptional dataset that includes re-evaluated raw intensity values from our previous (131)I and (211)At studies. Differential transcriptional profiles were identified by comparing treated and mock-treated samples using Nexus Expression 3.0 software. Further data analysis was performed using R/Bioconductor and IPA. RESULTS A total of 1144 genes were regulated. Hierarchical clustering subdivided the groups into two clusters containing the lowest and highest absorbed dose levels, respectively, and revealed similar transcriptional regulation patterns for many kallikrein-related genes. Twenty-seven of the 1144 genes were recurrently regulated after (131)I and (211)At exposure and divided into six clusters. Several signalling pathways were affected, including calcium, integrin-linked kinase, and thyroid cancer signalling, and the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor network. CONCLUSIONS Substantial changes in transcriptional regulation were shown in (131)I and (211)At-treated samples, and 27 genes were identified as potential biomarkers for (131)I and (211)At exposure. Clustering revealed distinct differences between transcriptional profiles of both similar and different exposures, demonstrating the necessity for better understanding of radiation-induced effects on cellular activity. Additionally, ionizing radiation-induced changes in kallikrein gene expression and identified canonical pathways should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Spetz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Schüler
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Halvorsen AR, Helland A, Fleischer T, Haug KM, Grenaker Alnaes GI, Nebdal D, Syljuåsen RG, Touleimat N, Busato F, Tost J, Saetersdal AB, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V, Edvardsen H. Differential DNA methylation analysis of breast cancer reveals the impact of immune signaling in radiation therapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2085-95. [PMID: 24658971 PMCID: PMC4298788 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a central treatment modality for breast cancer patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate the DNA methylation changes in tumors following RT, and to identify epigenetic markers predicting treatment outcome. Paired biopsies from patients with inoperable breast cancer were collected both before irradiation (n = 20) and after receiving 10-24 Gray (Gy) (n = 19). DNA methylation analysis was performed by using Illumina Infinium 27K arrays. Fourteen genes were selected for technical validation by pyrosequencing. Eighty-two differentially methylated genes were identified in irradiated (n = 11) versus nonirradiated (n = 19) samples (false discovery rate, FDR = 1.1%). Methylation levels in pathways belonging to the immune system were most altered after RT. Based on methylation levels before irradiation, a panel of five genes (H2AFY, CTSA, LTC4S, IL5RA and RB1) were significantly associated with clinical response (p = 0.041). Furthermore, the degree of methylation changes for 2,516 probes correlated with the given radiation dose. Within the 2,516 probes, an enrichment for pathways involved in cellular immune response, proliferation and apoptosis was identified (FDR < 5%). Here, we observed clear differences in methylation levels induced by radiation, some associated with response to treatment. Our study adds knowledge on the molecular mechanisms behind radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rita Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Zhang S, Yang X, Luo J, Ge X, Sun W, Zhu H, Zhang W, Cao J, Hou Y. PPARα Activation Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Treatment via Suppressing Heme Oxygenase-1. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:315-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.868909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Minicis SD, Kisseleva T, Francis H, Baroni GS, Benedetti A, Brenner D, Alvaro D, Alpini G, Marzioni M. Liver carcinogenesis: rodent models of hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45. [PMID: 23177172 PMCID: PMC3716909 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are primary liver cancers, both represent a growing challenge for clinicians due to their increasing morbidity and mortality. In the last few years a number of in vivo models of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma have been developed. The study of these models is providing a significant contribution in unveiling the pathophysiology of primary liver malignancies. They are also fundamental tools to evaluate newly designed molecules to be tested as new potential therapeutic agents in a pre-clinical set. Technical aspects of each model are critical steps, and they should always be considered in order to appropriately interpret the findings of a study or its planning. The purpose of this review is to describe the technical and experimental features of the most significant rodent models, highlighting similarities or differences between the corresponding human diseases. The first part is dedicated to the discussion of models of hepatocellular carcinoma, developed using toxic agents, or through dietary or genetic manipulations. In the second we will address models of cholangiocarcinoma developed in rats or mice by toxin administration, genetic manipulation and/or bile duct incannulation or surgery. Xenograft or syngenic models are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele De Minicis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Division Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Scott & White Hospital and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | | | - Antonio Benedetti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - David Brenner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, Università degli Studi “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, CA, United States,Co-corresponding author. Tel.: +1 254 743 1041/1044; fax: +1 254 743 0378/0555. (M. Marzioni)
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy,Corresponding author at: Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Nuovo Polo Didattico, III Piano, Via Tronto 10, 60020 Ancona, Italy. Tel.: +39 0712206043; fax: +39 0712206044
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Davidson J, Rotondo D, Rizzo MT, Leaver HA. Therapeutic implications of disorders of cell death signalling: membranes, micro-environment, and eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1193-210. [PMID: 22364602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of cell death signalling occur in pathological processes, such as cancer and degenerative disease. Increased knowledge of cell death signalling has opened new areas of therapeutic research, and identifying key mediators of cell death has become increasingly important. Early triggering events in cell death may provide potential therapeutic targets, whereas agents affecting later signals may be more palliative in nature. A group of primary mediators are derivatives of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), particularly oxygenated metabolites such as prostaglandins. HUFAs, esterified in cell membranes, act as critical signalling molecules in many pathological processes. Currently, agents affecting HUFA metabolism are widely prescribed in diseases involving disordered cell death signalling. However, partly due to rapid metabolism, their role in cell death signalling pathways is poorly characterized. Recently, HUFA-derived mediators, the resolvins/protectins and endocannabinoids, have added opportunities to target selective signals and pathways. This review will focus on the control of cell death by HUFA, eicosanoid (C20 fatty acid metabolites) and docosanoid (C22 metabolites), HUFA-derived lipid mediators, signalling elements in the micro-environment and their potential therapeutic applications. Further therapeutic approaches will involve cell and molecular biology, the multiple hit theory of disease progression and analysis of system plasticity. Advances in the cell biology of eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism, together with structure/function analysis of HUFA-derived mediators, will be useful in developing therapeutic agents in pathologies characterized by alterations in cell death signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davidson
- SIPBS, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK
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16
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Deng Z, Sui G, Rosa PM, Zhao W. Radiation-induced c-Jun activation depends on MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in microglial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36739. [PMID: 22606284 PMCID: PMC3351464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced normal brain injury is associated with acute and/or chronic inflammatory responses, and has been a major concern in radiotherapy. Recent studies suggest that microglial activation is a potential contributor to chronic inflammatory responses following irradiation; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of microglia to radiation is poorly understood. c-Jun, a component of AP-1 transcription factors, potentially regulates neural cell death and neuroinflammation. We observed a rapid increase in phosphorylation of N-terminal c-Jun (on serine 63 and 73) and MAPK kinases ERK1/2, but not JNKs, in irradiated murine microglial BV2 cells. Radiation-induced c-Jun phosphorylation is dependent on the canonical MEK-ERK signaling pathway and required for both ERK1 and ERK2 function. ERK1/2 directly interact with c-Jun in vitro and in cells; meanwhile, the JNK binding domain on c-Jun is not required for its interaction with ERK kinases. Radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) potentially contribute to c-Jun phosphorylation through activating the ERK pathway. Radiation stimulates c-Jun transcriptional activity and upregulates c-Jun-regulated proinflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2. Pharmacologic blockade of the ERK signaling pathway interferes with c-Jun activity and inhibits radiation-stimulated expression of c-Jun target genes. Overall, our study reveals that the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, but not the JNK pathway, contributes to the c-Jun-dependent microglial inflammatory response following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paulo Mottin Rosa
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Liu YC, Ho HC, Lee MR, Lai KC, Yeh CM, Lin YM, Ho TY, Hsiang CY, Chung JG. Early induction of cytokines/cytokine receptors and Cox2, and activation of NF-κB in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced murine oral cancer model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:107-16. [PMID: 22561872 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the genes induced early in murine oral carcinogenesis. Murine tongue tumors induced by the carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), and paired non-tumor tissues were subjected to microarray analysis. Hierarchical clustering of upregulated genes in the tumor tissues revealed an association of induced genes with inflammation. Cytokines/cytokine receptors induced early were subsequently identified, clearly indicating their involvement in oral carcinogenesis. Hierarchical clustering also showed that cytokine-mediated inflammation was possibly linked with Mapk6. Cox2 exhibited the greatest extent (9-18 fold) of induction in the microarray data, and its early induction was observed in a 2h painting experiment by RT-PCR. MetaCore analysis showed that overexpressed Cox2 may interact with p53 and transcriptionally inhibit expression of several downstream genes. A painting experiment in transgenic mice also demonstrated that NF-κB activates early independently of Cox2 induction. MetaCore analysis revealed the most striking metabolic alterations in tumor tissues, especially in lipid metabolism resulting from the reduction of Pparα and Rxrg. Reduced expression of Mapk12 was noted, and MetaCore analysis established its relationship with decreased efficiency of Pparα phosphorylation. In conclusion, in addition to cytokines/cytokine receptors, the early induction of Cox2 and NF-κB activation is involved in murine oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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18
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Kim JK, Mun S, Kim MS, Kim MB, Sa BK, Hwang JK. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone, an activator of PPARα/γ, inhibits UVB-induced MMP expression in human skin fibroblast cells. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:211-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Characterization of a cell culture model for clinically aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma induced by chronic hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2011; 315:178-88. [PMID: 22088439 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated in an in vitro model (human HepG2 liver cells) that chronic hypoxia induced gene expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to characterize this model further using gene expression microarray, real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Subsequently, pathway analysis software was used to identify relevant processes. After examination, we selected 2% O2 during 72 h as conditions to study chronic hypoxia. The most affected signaling is centered on TGF-β1 and PPARα/RXRα. Cells at 2% O2 showed a shift in expression of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) related genes. Furthermore, a downregulation of liver specific detoxification pathways including cytochrome P450's and glutathione-S-transferases was observed. Both up- and downregulation events within different signaling cascades indicated a cellular adaptation and the onset of a new equilibrium. The prominent role of TGF-β1- and PPARα/RXRα signaling and cell motility pathways warrants their further investigation for therapeutic targets in HCC.
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20
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Lu X, Murphy TC, Nanes MS, Hart CM. PPAR{gamma} regulates hypoxia-induced Nox4 expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through NF-{kappa}B. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L559-66. [PMID: 20622120 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00090.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are a major source of superoxide production in the vasculature. The constitutively active Nox4 subunit, which is selectively upregulated in the lungs of human subjects and experimental animals with pulmonary hypertension, is highly expressed in vascular wall cells. We demonstrated that rosiglitazone, a synthetic agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), attenuated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, vascular remodeling, Nox4 induction, and reactive oxygen species generation in the mouse lung. The current study examined the molecular mechanisms involved in PPARγ-regulated, hypoxia-induced Nox4 expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC). Exposing HPASMC to 1% oxygen for 72 h increased Nox4 gene expression and H(2)O(2) production, both of which were reduced by treatment with rosiglitazone during the last 24 h of hypoxia exposure or by treatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to Nox4. Hypoxia also increased HPASMC proliferation as well as the activity of a Nox4 promoter luciferase reporter, and these increases were attenuated by rosiglitazone. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that hypoxia increased binding of the NF-κB subunit, p65, to the Nox4 promoter and that binding was attenuated by rosiglitazone treatment. The role of NF-κB in Nox4 regulation was further supported by demonstrating that overexpression of p65 stimulated Nox4 promoter activity, whereas siRNA to p50 or p65 attenuated hypoxic stimulation of Nox4 promoter activity. These results provide novel evidence for NF-κB-mediated stimulation of Nox4 expression in HPASMC that can be negatively regulated by PPARγ. These data provide new insights into potential mechanisms by which PPARγ activation inhibits Nox4 upregulation and the proliferation of cells in the pulmonary vascular wall to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghuai Lu
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, Emory University Medical Centers, Georgia, USA
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21
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NF-kappaB balances vascular regression and angiogenesis via chromatin remodeling and NFAT displacement. Blood 2010; 116:475-84. [PMID: 20203265 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular factors control the angiogenic switch in endothelial cells (ECs) via competing survival and apoptotic pathways. Previously, we showed that proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors target the same signaling molecules, which thereby become pivots of angiogenic balance. Here we show that in remodeling endothelium (ECs and EC precursors) natural angiogenic inhibitors enhance nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding, which is critical for antiangiogenesis, and that blocking the NF-kappaB pathway abolishes multiple antiangiogenic events in vitro and in vivo. NF-kappaB induction by antiangiogenic molecules has a dual effect on transcription. NF-kappaB acts as an activator of proapoptotic FasL and as a repressor of prosurvival cFLIP. On the FasL promoter, NF-kappaB increases the recruitment of HAT p300 and acetylated histones H3 and H4. Conversely, on cFLIP promoter, NF-kappaB increases histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), decreases p300 and histone acetylation, and reduces the recruitment of NFAT, a transcription factor critical for cFLIP expression. Finally, we found a biphasic effect, when HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) were used to test the dependence of pigment epithelial-derived factor activity on histone acetylation. The cooperative effect seen at low doses switches to antagonistic as the concentrations increase. Our study defines an interactive transcriptional network underlying angiogenic balance and points to HDACi as tools to manipulate the angiogenic switch.
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PPARs in Irradiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity. PPAR Res 2009; 2010:528327. [PMID: 20037741 PMCID: PMC2796461 DOI: 10.1155/2010/528327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiation therapy to treat cancer inevitably involves exposure of normal tissues. Although the benefits of this treatment are well established, many patients experience distressing complications due to injury to normal tissue. These side effects are related to inflammatory processes, and they decrease therapeutic benefit by increasing the overall treatment time. Emerging evidence indicates that PPARs and their ligands are important in the modulation of immune and inflammatory reactions. This paper discusses the effects of abdominal irradiation on PPARs, their role and functions in irradiation toxicity, and the possibility of using their ligands for radioprotection.
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Ramanan S, Zhao W, Riddle DR, Robbins ME. Role of PPARs in Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. PPAR Res 2009; 2010:234975. [PMID: 19789638 PMCID: PMC2748193 DOI: 10.1155/2010/234975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain irradiation (WBI) represents the primary mode of treatment for brain metastases; about 200 000 patients receive WBI each year in the USA. Up to 50% of adult and 100% of pediatric brain cancer patients who survive >6 months post-WBI will suffer from a progressive, cognitive impairment. At present, there are no proven long-term treatments or preventive strategies for this significant radiation-induced late effect. Recent studies suggest that the pathogenesis of radiation-induced brain injury involves WBI-mediated increases in oxidative stress and/or inflammatory responses in the brain. Therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies can be employed to modulate radiation-induced brain injury. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily. Although traditionally known to play a role in metabolism, increasing evidence suggests a role for PPARs in regulating the response to inflammation and oxidative injury. PPAR agonists have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and confer neuroprotection in animal models of CNS disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. However, the role of PPARs in radiation-induced brain injury is unclear. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge and the emerging insights about the role of PPARs in modulating radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ramanan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - David R. Riddle
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mike E. Robbins
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Heindryckx F, Colle I, Van Vlierberghe H. Experimental mouse models for hepatocellular carcinoma research. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:367-86. [PMID: 19659896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year almost 500,000 new patients are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver that is associated with a poor prognosis. Numerous experimental models have been developed to define the pathogenesis of HCC and to test novel drug candidates. This review analyses several mouse models useful for HCC research and points out their advantages and weaknesses. Chemically induced HCC mice models mimic the injury-fibrosis-malignancy cycle by administration of a genotoxic compound alone or, if necessary, followed by a promoting agent. Xenograft models develop HCC by implanting hepatoma cell lines in mice, either ectopically or orthotopically; these models are suitable for drug screening, although extrapolation should be considered with caution as multiple cell lines must always be used. The hollow fibre assay offers a solution for limiting the number of test animals in xenograft research because of the ability for implanting multiple cell lines in one mouse. There is also a broad range of genetically modified mice engineered to investigate the pathophysiology of HCC. Transgenic mice expressing viral genes, oncogenes and/or growth factors allow the identification of pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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The role of endogenous and exogenous ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) in the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. Shock 2009; 32:62-73. [PMID: 19533851 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31818bbad6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of endogenous and exogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), a nuclear receptor, on the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. To address this question, we have stimulated peritoneal macrophages from PPAR-alpha wild-type mice and PPAR-alpha knockout mice (PPAR-alpha) with 10 microg/mL LPS and 100 U/mL IFN-gamma. We report here that the absence of a functional PPAR-alpha gene in PPAR-alpha knockout mice resulted in a significant augmentation of various inflammatory parameters in peritoneal macrophages. In particular, we have clearly demonstrated that PPAR-alpha gene deletion increases (1) the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38), (2) nuclear factor-kappaB activation, (3) IkappaB-alpha degradation, (4) iNOS expression and NO formation, and (5) cyclooxygenase 2 expression and prostaglandin E2 formation caused by LPS/IFN-gamma stimulation. On the contrary, the incubation of peritoneal macrophages from PPAR-alpha wild type with clofibrate (2 mM) at 2 h before the LPS and IFN-gamma stimulation significantly reduced the expression and the release of the proinflammatory mediators. To elucidate whether the protective effects of clofibrate is related to activation of the PPAR-alpha receptor, we also investigated the effect of clofibrate treatment on PPAR-alpha-deficient mice. The absence of the PPAR-alpha receptor significantly abolished the protective effect of the PPAR-alpha agonist against LPS/IFN-gamma-induced macrophage inflammation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the endogenous and exogenous PPAR-alpha ligands reduce the degree of macrophage inflammation caused by LPS/IFN-gamma stimulation.
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Kaloustian S, Bah TM, Rondeau I, Mathieu S, Lada-Moldovan L, Ryvlin P, Godbout R, Rousseau G. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha participates in apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarction. Apoptosis 2009; 14:1308-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lipids as targets for novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124:96-112. [PMID: 19576246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids serve important functions as membrane constituents and also as energy storing molecules. Besides these functions certain lipid species have now been recognized as signalling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular responses including cell growth and death, and also inflammatory reactions. Bioactive lipids are generated by hydrolysis from membrane lipids mainly by phospholipases giving rise to fatty acids and lysophospholipids that either directly exert their function or are further converted to active mediators. This review will summarize the present knowledge about bioactive lipids that either promote or attenuate inflammatory reactions. These lipids include polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosanoids including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET), peroxisome proliferation activating receptor (PPAR) activators, cannabinoids and the sphingolipids ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosylphosphorylcholine.
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McNamara DB, Murthy SN, Fonseca AN, Desouza CV, Kadowitz PJ, Fonseca VA. Animal models of catheter-induced intimal hyperplasia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the effects of pharmacologic intervention. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:37-50. [PMID: 19142214 DOI: 10.1139/y08-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disorder characterized by impaired insulin formation, release or action (insulin resistance), elevated blood glucose, and multiple long-term complications. It is a common endocrine disorder of humans and is associated with abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. There are two forms of diabetes, classified as type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia is due to an absolute lack of insulin, whereas in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is due to a relative lack of insulin and insulin resistance. More than 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 with varied degrees of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is often associated with impaired insulin secretion, and hyperglycemia is a common feature in both types of diabetes, but failure to make a distinction between the types of diabetes in different animal models has led to confusion in the literature. This is particularly true in relation to cardiovascular disease in the presence of diabetes and especially the response to vascular injury, in which there are major differences between the two types of diabetes. Animal models do not completely mimic the clinical disease seen in humans. Animal models are at best analogies of the pathologic process they are designed to represent. The focus of this review is an analysis of intimal hyperplasia following catheter-induced vascular injury, including factors that may complicate comparisons between different animal models or between in vitro and in vivo studies. We examine the variables, pitfalls, and caveats that follow from the manner of induction of the injury and the diabetic state of the animal. The efficacy of selected antidiabetic drugs in inhibiting the development of the hyperplastic response is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B McNamara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue - SL 83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Tyburski JB, Patterson AD, Krausz KW, Slavík J, Fornace AJ, Gonzalez FJ, Idle JR. Radiation metabolomics. 1. Identification of minimally invasive urine biomarkers for gamma-radiation exposure in mice. Radiat Res 2008; 170:1-14. [PMID: 18582157 DOI: 10.1667/rr1265.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-radiation exposure has both short- and long-term adverse health effects. The threat of modern terrorism places human populations at risk for radiological exposures, yet current medical countermeasures to radiation exposure are limited. Here we describe metabolomics for gamma-radiation biodosimetry in a mouse model. Mice were gamma-irradiated at doses of 0, 3 and 8 Gy (2.57 Gy/min), and urine samples collected over the first 24 h after exposure were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS). Multivariate data were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Both 3- and 8-Gy exposures yielded distinct urine metabolomic phenotypes. The top 22 ions for 3 and 8 Gy were analyzed further, including tandem mass spectrometric comparison with authentic standards, revealing that N-hexanoylglycine and beta-thymidine are urinary biomarkers of exposure to 3 and 8 Gy, 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-O-sulfate is elevated in urine of mice exposed to 3 but not 8 Gy, and taurine is elevated after 8 but not 3 Gy. Gene Expression Dynamics Inspector (GEDI) self-organizing maps showed clear dose-response relationships for subsets of the urine metabolome. This approach is useful for identifying mice exposed to gamma radiation and for developing metabolomic strategies for noninvasive radiation biodosimetry in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Tyburski
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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