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Martin OA, Martin RF. Cancer Radiotherapy: Understanding the Price of Tumor Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:261. [PMID: 32391355 PMCID: PMC7193305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger F Martin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Guo M, Zhou X, Han X, Zhang Y, Jiang L. SPINK1 is a prognosis predicting factor of non-small cell lung cancer and regulates redox homeostasis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6899-6908. [PMID: 31788129 PMCID: PMC6865551 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) is a trypsin kinase inhibitor, which is involved in the development of inflammation, cell proliferation and cancer development and progression. However, the prognostic value of SPINK1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its ability to regulate intrinsic redox homeostasis have, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously investigated. In the present study, it was revealed that SPINK1 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples, and may be a potential prognostic marker of NSCLC. Functional analyses demonstrated that SPINK1 promoted tumor cell growth and inhibited apoptosis through maintaining redox homeostasis by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways. It has been proposed that SPINK1 could be a prognostic marker of NSCLC and a novel antioxidant promoter under oxidative stress conditions in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Luning Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Pajic J, Rakic B, Jovicic D, Milovanovic A. A cytogenetic study of hospital workers occupationally exposed to radionuclides in Serbia: premature centromere division as novel biomarker of exposure? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:477-84. [PMID: 26373643 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health risk of chronic exposure to radionuclides includes changes in the genome (e.g., chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei) that increase chromosomal instability. There are also other phenomena, which seem to appear more frequently in metaphases of exposed persons (such as premature centromere division). The aim of this study was to discover whether or not there is correlation between incidence of named cytogenetic changes in persons occupationally exposed to radionuclides in comparison with unexposed control group, and if significant correlation is determined, can premature centromere division be consider as a biomarker of radiation exposure? METHODS The exposed group comprised 50 individuals occupationally exposed to radionuclides. The reference control group consisted of 40 unexposed individuals. Chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and premature centromere division were analyzed according to a standard International Atomic Energy Agency protocol. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 statistics. RESULTS The means for analyzed cytogenetic changes were significantly higher in the exposed group. Positive correlation between them was found in exposed group. Premature centromere division parameter PCD5-10 was selected as particularly suitable for separating groups (exposed/unexposed). CONCLUSIONS Identification of other phenomena related to radionuclide exposure, beside well known, may clarify recent problems in radiobiology concerning the biological response to low doses of ionizing radiation and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Biodosimetry Department, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation Protection Center, Deligradska 29, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Boban Rakic
- Biodosimetry Department, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation Protection Center, Deligradska 29, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Jovicic
- Genotoxicology Department, Faculty of Applied Ecology "Futura", University "Singidunum", Pozeska 83a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Milovanovic
- Biodosimetry Department, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation Protection Center, Deligradska 29, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Azimzadeh O, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Proteomics in radiation research: present status and future perspectives. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:31-8. [PMID: 24105449 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing postgenome research has made proteins an attractive target for biological analysis. The well-established term of proteome is defined as the complete set of proteins expressed in a given cell, tissue or organism. Unlike the genome, a proteome is rapidly changing as it tends to adapt to microenvironmental signals. The systematic analysis of the proteome at a given time and state is referred to as proteomics. This technique provides information on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate physiology and pathophysiology of the cell. Applications of proteome profiling in radiation research are increasing. However, the large-scale proteomics data sets generated need to be integrated into other fields of radiation biology to facilitate the interpretation of radiation-induced cellular and tissue effects. The aim of this review is to introduce the most recent developments in the field of radiation proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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5
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Kam WWY, Banati RB. Effects of ionizing radiation on mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:607-619. [PMID: 23892359 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current concept of radiobiology posits that damage to the DNA in the cell nucleus is the primary cause for the detrimental effects of radiation. However, emerging experimental evidence suggests that this theoretical framework is insufficient for describing extranuclear radiation effects, particularly the response of the mitochondria, an important site of extranuclear, coding DNA. Here, we discuss experimental observations of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mitochondria at (1) the DNA and (2) functional levels. The roles of mitochondria in (3) oxidative stress and (4) late radiation effects are discussed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of targets for ionizing radiation outside the cell nucleus. Available experimental data suggest that an increase in the tumoricidal efficacy of radiation therapy might be achievable by targeting mitochondria. Likewise, more specific protection of mitochondria and its coding DNA should reduce damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wai-Ying Kam
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia.
| | - Richard B Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia; National Imaging Facility at Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI), University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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6
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Kam WWY, McNamara AL, Lake V, Banos C, Davies JB, Kuncic Z, Banati RB. Predicted ionisation in mitochondria and observed acute changes in the mitochondrial transcriptome after gamma irradiation: A Monte Carlo simulation and quantitative PCR study. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:736-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Thomas SN, Waters KM, Morgan WF, Yang AJ, Baulch JE. Quantitative proteomic analysis of mitochondrial proteins reveals prosurvival mechanisms in the perpetuation of radiation-induced genomic instability. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:618-28. [PMID: 22569412 PMCID: PMC4708885 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced genomic instability is a well-studied phenomenon that is measured as mitotically heritable genetic alterations observed in the progeny of an irradiated cell. The mechanisms that perpetuate this instability are unclear; however, a role for chronic oxidative stress has consistently been demonstrated. In the chromosomally unstable LS12 cell line, oxidative stress and genomic instability were correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction. To clarify this mitochondrial dysfunction and gain insight into the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced genomic instability we have evaluated the mitochondrial subproteome and performed quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of LS12 cells. Of 98 quantified mitochondrial proteins, 17 met criteria for fold changes and reproducibility; and 11 were statistically significant in comparison with the stable parental GM10115 cell line. Previous observations implicated defects in the electron transport chain (ETC) in the LS12 cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Proteomic analysis supports these observations, demonstrating significantly reduced levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c, the intermediary between complexes III and IV of the ETC. Results also suggest that LS12 cells compensate for ETC dysfunction and oxidative stress through increased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and upregulation of proteins that protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis. More than one cellular defect is likely to contribute to the genomic instability phenotype, and evaluation of gene and microRNA expression suggests that epigenetics play a role in the phenotype. These data suggest that LS12 cells have adapted mechanisms that allow survival under suboptimal conditions of oxidative stress and compromised mitochondrial function to perpetuate genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N. Thomas
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - William F. Morgan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Austin J. Yang
- The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Janet E. Baulch
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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8
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Azimzadeh O, Scherthan H, Yentrapalli R, Barjaktarovic Z, Ueffing M, Conrad M, Neff F, Calzada-Wack J, Aubele M, Buske C, Atkinson MJ, Hauck SM, Tapio S. Label-free protein profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) heart tissue reveals immediate mitochondrial impairment after ionising radiation. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2384-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Ilnytskyy Y, Kovalchuk O. Non-targeted radiation effects-an epigenetic connection. Mutat Res 2011; 714:113-25. [PMID: 21784089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a pivotal diagnostic and treatment modality, yet it is also a potent genotoxic agent that causes genome instability and carcinogenesis. While modern cancer radiation therapy has led to increased patient survival rates, the risk of radiation treatment-related complications is becoming a growing problem. IR-induced genome instability has been well-documented in directly exposed cells and organisms. It has also been observed in distant 'bystander' cells. Enigmatically, increased instability is even observed in progeny of pre-conceptually exposed animals, including humans. The mechanisms by which it arises remain obscure and, recently, they have been proposed to be epigenetic in nature. Three major epigenetic phenomena include DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNA-mediated silencing. This review focuses on the role of DNA methylation and small RNAs in directly exposed and bystander tissues and in IR-induced transgenerational effects. Here, we present evidence that IR-mediated effects are maintained by epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Aypar U, Morgan WF, Baulch JE. Radiation-induced genomic instability: Are epigenetic mechanisms the missing link? Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:179-91. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.522686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Abdullaev SA, Anishchenko SE, Gaziev AI. Mutant copies of mitochondrial DNA in tissues and plasma of mice subjected to X-ray irradiation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Dziegielewski J, Goetz W, Baulch JE. Heavy ions, radioprotectors and genomic instability: implications for human space exploration. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:303-316. [PMID: 20035342 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-009-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The risk associated with space radiation exposure is unique from terrestrial radiation exposures due to differences in radiation quality, including linear energy transfer (LET). Both high- and low-LET radiations are capable of inducing genomic instability in mammalian cells, and this instability is thought to be a driving force underlying radiation carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, during space exploration, flight crews cannot entirely avoid radiation exposure. As a result, chemical and biological countermeasures will be an important component of successful extended missions such as the exploration of Mars. There are currently several radioprotective agents (radioprotectors) in use; however, scientists continue to search for ideal radioprotective compounds-safe to use and effective in preventing and/or reducing acute and delayed effects of irradiation. This review discusses the agents that are currently available or being evaluated for their potential as radioprotectors. Further, this review discusses some implications of radioprotection for the induction and/or propagation of genomic instability in the progeny of irradiated cells.
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13
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Halter J, Schüpbach W, Casali C, Elhasid R, Fay K, Hammans S, Illa I, Kappeler L, Krähenbühl S, Lehmann T, Mandel H, Marti R, Mattle H, Orchard K, Savage D, Sue CM, Valcarcel D, Gratwohl A, Hirano M. Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT as treatment option for patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): a consensus conference proposal for a standardized approach. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:330-337. [PMID: 20436523 PMCID: PMC4578692 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) has been proposed as a treatment for patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). HSCT has been performed in nine patients using different protocols with varying success. Based on this preliminary experience, participants of the first consensus conference propose a common approach to allogeneic HSCT in MNGIE. Standardization of the transplant protocol and the clinical and biochemical assessments will allow evaluation of the safety and efficacy of HSCT as well as optimization of therapy for patients with MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halter
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wmm Schüpbach
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux & INSERM UMR 679, Pitié-Salpxêtrière Group, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Casali
- Neurology, La Sapienza University, University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Elhasid
- Pediatric-Oncology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - K Fay
- Department of Hematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Hammans
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - I Illa
- Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Kappeler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Krähenbühl
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Lehmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Mandel
- Pediatrics, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Marti
- Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Mattle
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux & INSERM UMR 679, Pitié-Salpxêtrière Group, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Orchard
- Department of Haematology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D Savage
- Department of Haematology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - C M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, University of Sydney Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Valcarcel
- Department of Hematology, Santa Creu i San Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gratwohl
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Role of Ku80-dependent end-joining in delayed genomic instability in mammalian cells surviving ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2010; 683:29-34. [PMID: 19822159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces delayed destabilization of the genome in the progenies of surviving cells. This phenomenon, which is called radiation-induced genomic instability, is manifested by delayed induction of radiation effects, such as cell death, chromosome aberration, and mutation in the progeny of cells surviving radiation exposure. Previously, there was a report showing that delayed cell death was absent in Ku80-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, however, the mechanism of their defect has not been determined. We found that delayed induction of DNA double strand breaks and chromosomal breaks were intact in Ku80-deficient cells surviving X-irradiation, whereas there was no sign for the production of chromosome bridges between divided daughter cells. Moreover, delayed induction of dicentric chromosomes was significantly compromised in those cells compared to the wild-type CHO cells. Reintroduction of the human Ku86 gene complimented the defective DNA repair and recovered delayed induction of dicentric chromosomes and delayed cell death, indicating that defective Ku80-dependent dicentric induction was the cause of the absence of delayed cell death. Since DNA-PKcs-defective cells showed delayed phenotypes, Ku80-dependent illegitimate rejoining is involved in delayed impairment of the integrity of the genome in radiation-survived cells.
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15
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Dayal D, Martin SM, Owens KM, Aykin-Burns N, Zhu Y, Boominathan A, Pain D, Limoli CL, Goswami PC, Domann FE, Spitz DR. Mitochondrial complex II dysfunction can contribute significantly to genomic instability after exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiat Res 2009; 172:737-45. [PMID: 19929420 DOI: 10.1667/rr1617.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces chronic metabolic oxidative stress and a mutator phenotype in hamster fibroblasts that is mediated by H(2)O(2), but the intracellular source of H(2)O(2) is not well defined. To determine the role of mitochondria in the radiation-induced mutator phenotype, end points of mitochondrial function were determined in unstable (CS-9 and LS-12) and stable (114) hamster fibroblast cell lines derived from GM10115 cells exposed to 10 Gy X rays. Cell lines isolated after irradiation demonstrated a 20-40% loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in mitochondrial content compared to the parental cell line GM10115. Surprisingly, no differences were observed in steady-state levels of ATP (P > 0.05). Unstable clones demonstrated increased oxygen consumption (two- to threefold; CS-9) and/or increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex II activity (twofold; LS-12). Using Western blot analysis and Blue Native gel electrophoresis, a significant increase in complex II subunit B protein levels was observed in LS-12 cells. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation assays revealed evidence of abnormal complex II assembly in LS-12 cells. Treatment of LS-12 cells with an inhibitor of ETC complex II (thenoyltrifluoroacetone) resulted in significant decreases in the steady-state levels of H(2)O(2) and a 50% reduction in mutation frequency as well as a 16% reduction in CAD gene amplification frequency. These data show that radiation-induced genomic instability was accompanied by evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased steady-state levels of H(2)O(2) that contributed to increased mutation frequency and gene amplification. These results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction originating from complex II can contribute to radiation-induced genomic instability by increasing steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Dayal
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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16
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Abdullaev SA, Antipova VN, Gaziev AI. Extracellular mutant mitochondrial DNA content is dramatically elevated in the blood plasma of irradiated mice. Mol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893309060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Suzuki K, Kashino G, Kodama S, Watanabe M. Long-term persistence of X-ray-induced genomic instability in quiescent normal human diploid cells. Mutat Res 2009; 671:33-39. [PMID: 19712688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can induce genomic instability in the progeny of irradiated cells, as was demonstrated in various experimental systems. Most in vitro studies have utilized replicating cells, but it is not clear whether radiation-induced genomic instability persists in quiescent cells. Here we show the induction of X-ray-induced genomic instability in normal human diploid cells irradiated and maintained in a quiescent state for up to 24 months while cells were subcultured approximately once every 2-3 months. Every 12 months, a fraction of the irradiated cell population was stimulated to divide by culturing at a low density, and we found that these cells showed increased frequencies of phosphorylated ATM foci, decreased colony-forming ability, and increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. No significant increases in ROS levels were detected in long-term cultured cells. These results suggest that there are ROS-independent mechanism(s) induced by radiation, which can generate persistent delayed effects in quiescent cells, and could ultimately contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Course of Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Springer DL, Miller JH, Spinelli SL, Pasa-Tolic L, Purvine SO, Daly DS, Zangar RC, Jin S, Blumberg N, Francis CW, Taubman MB, Casey AE, Wittlin SD, Phipps RP. Platelet proteome changes associated with diabetes and during platelet storage for transfusion. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2261-72. [PMID: 19267493 DOI: 10.1021/pr800885j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human platelets play a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis and have recently emerged as key regulators of inflammation. Platelets stored for transfusion produce pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory mediators implicated in adverse transfusion reactions. Correspondingly, these mediators are central players in pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetics. In view of this, a mass spectrometry based proteomics study was performed on platelets collected from healthy and type-2 diabetics stored for transfusion. Strikingly, our innovative and sensitive proteomic approach identified 122 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in type-2 diabetics relative to nondiabetic controls and 117 proteins whose abundances changed during a 5-day storage period. Notably, our studies are the first to characterize the proteome of platelets from diabetics before and after storage for transfusion. These identified differences allow us to formulate new hypotheses and experimentation to improve clinical outcomes by targeting "high risk platelets" that render platelet transfusion less effective or even unsafe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Springer
- Fundamental Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland Washington 99352, USA.
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